词根：-ac-, -acu-, -acr-, -acer-, -acet-

【词根含义】：尖,酸

【词根来源】：-ac-来源于拉丁语动词aceo, acere, -, -(尖,酸); -acu-来源于拉丁语动词acu.o, acu.ere, acu.i, acut.us(使尖锐); -acr-和-acer-来源于希腊语形容词akros(最高的,末端的)和拉丁语形容词acer, acris(尖利的,辛辣的); -acet-来源于拉丁语名词acetum, aceti, n(醋)。均可追溯至原始印欧语ak-(尖,锋利)。

【同源单词】：acid, aciform, acme, acupuncture, acute

词根：-aer-

【词根含义】：空气

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语aer(空气)。

【同源单词】：aerial, aerology, aeronaut, aeronautics, aeroplane

词根：-agr-

【词根含义】：田地

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词ager, agri, m(田地)。

【同源单词】：acre, agrarian, agrarianism, agrestic, agricultural

词根：-ali-, -all-

【词根含义】：其它

【词根来源】：-ali-来源于拉丁语形容词ali.us, ali.a, ali.um(其它);-all-来源于希腊语allos(其它,异)。

【同源单词】：alias, alien, alienable, alienate, alter

词根：-alt-

【词根含义】：高

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词alt.us, alt.a, alt.um(高的)。

【同源单词】：altar, altimeter, altimetry, altitude, exalt

词根：-am-

【词根含义】：爱,友善

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词amo, amare, -avi, -atus(爱慕,喜欢)。

【同源单词】：amateur, amatory, amiable, amicable, amorist

词根：-amb-, -ambi-, -ambul-

【词根含义】：行走

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀amb-, ambi-, 以及拉丁语动词ambul.o, -are, -avi, -atus(行走)。

【同源单词】：ambassador, ambiguity, ambiguous, ambition, ambitious

词根：-ampl-

【词根含义】：大,宽

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词amplus, -a, -um(大的,宽的)。

【同源单词】：ample, amplification, amplifier, amplify, amplitude

词根：-anim-

【词根含义】：生命,呼吸

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词anim.a, anim.ae, f(呼吸,生命,灵魂)。

【同源单词】：animal, animalcule, animality, animate, animated

词根：-ann-

【词根含义】：年

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词ann.us, ann.i, m(年)。

【同源单词】：annals, anniversary, annual, annuity, biannual

词根：-anthrop-

【词根含义】：人类

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语中由aner(人)和opos(眼睛或脸)组成的复合词anthropos(人,人类)。

【同源单词】：anthropic, anthropologist, anthropology, philanthropist, philanthropy

词根：-apt-

【词根含义】：适合,适应

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词apo, apere, -, aptus(系紧,栓牢)的过去分词词干-apt-(系紧的,合适的)。

【同源单词】：adapt, adaptable, adaptation, adaptive, adept

词根：-aqu-, -aqua-

【词根含义】：水

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词aqu.a, aqu.ae, f(水)。

【同源单词】：aquarium, aquatic, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous

词根：-arch-, -archae-

【词根含义】：起始,统治

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语中的动词arkhein(开始),名词arkhe(起始,本源),名词arkhos(首领,统治者)等。

【同源单词】：anarchic, anarchism, anarchy, architect, architecture

词根：-astr-, -aster-, -stell-

【词根含义】：星

【词根来源】：-astr-和-aster-来源于希腊语astron/aster(星),-stell-来源于拉丁语名词stella, stellae, f(星)。均可追溯至原始印欧语ster-。

【同源单词】：astral, astrodome, astroid, astrology, astronaut

词根：-aud-, -audi-

【词根含义】：听

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词audio, audire, audivi, auditus(听)。

【同源单词】：audible, audit, audition, auditor, auditorium

词根：-avi-

【词根含义】：鸟

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词av.is, -is, f(鸟)

【同源单词】：auspice, auspicious, aviate, aviation, aviator

词根：-bar-, -barr-

【词根含义】：栅栏,障碍

【同源单词】：bar, embargo, barrel, barricade, barrier

词根：-bat-, -batt-

【词根含义】：打,击

【词根来源】：来源于古法语batre(敲打)或拉丁语batuare(敲打)。

【同源单词】：bat, beat, combat, combatant, debate

词根：-bell-

【词根含义】：战斗,战争

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词bellum, belli, n(战争)或动词bello, bellare, bellavi, bellatus(战斗,发动战争)或动词bellor, bellari, bellatus, sum(战斗,发动战争)。

【同源单词】：rebel, rebellion, rebellious

词根：-bi-, -bio-

【词根含义】：生命,生物

【同源单词】：antibiotic, autobiography, biochemical, biochemistry, biocide

词根：-bibli-

【词根含义】：书

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语biblion(书)和拉丁语biblia(书)。

【同源单词】：Bible, bibliophile

词根：-brev-

【词根含义】：短

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词brev.is, -is, -e(短的)。

【同源单词】：abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, breviary, brevity

词根：-cad-, -cid-, -cas-

【词根含义】：落下,降临,发生

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词cado, cadere, cecidi, casus(落下), 落下意味着降临, 降临意味着意外发生。

【同源单词】：decadence, decay, accident, accidental, accidentally

词根：-calc-, -calcul-

【词根含义】：石灰,钙,钙盐

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词calcul.us, -i, m(小石头)和cal.x, -cis, f(石灰,石灰石)。

【同源单词】：calcareous, calcic, calciferous, calcification, calcify

词根：-camp-

【词根含义】：田野,场所

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语campus, campi, m(战场,原野)。

【同源单词】：camp, campaign, campus, champagne, champion

词根：-cand-

【词根含义】：白,光亮

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词candeo, candere, candui, - (白,光亮)。

【同源单词】：candid, candidate, candle, incandescent, incense

词根：-capit-, -capt-, -cap-

【词根含义】：头

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词caput, capitis, n (头)。 

【同源单词】：capital, capitalism, capitalist, capitalize, captain

词根：-carb-

【词根含义】：碳

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词carbo, carbonis, m(煤)。

【同源单词】：carbide, carbohydrate, carbon, carbonic, carboniferous

词根：-carn-

【词根含义】：肉

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词caro, carn.is, f(肉)。

【同源单词】：carnal, carnation, carnival

词根：-carr-

【词根含义】：车,负载

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词carr.us, carr.i, m(有轮子的车)及其派生的动词carrico, carricare, carricavi, carricatus(装载)。

【同源单词】：car, career, cargo, carriage, carrier

词根：-ced-, -cess-, -ceed-

【词根含义】：行走,退让

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus (行走,退让)。

【同源单词】：accede, antecede, antecedent, concede, intercede

词根：-celer-

【词根含义】：快,速

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词celero, celerare, celeravi, celeratus(快,速)。

【同源单词】：accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, accelerometer, celerity

词根：-cent-, -centi-

【词根含义】：百,百分之一

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词centum(一百)。

【同源单词】：bicentennial, cent, century, percent, percentage

词根：-centr-

【词根含义】：中心

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词centrum, centri, n(轴心,圆心,球心)。

【同源单词】：acentric, center, central, centralise, centralism

词根：-cept-, -ceiv-, -cup-, -cip-, -capt-, -cap-

【词根含义】：拿,取,抓

【词根来源】：来源于原始印欧语kap-及其在拉丁语中的派生词capio, capere, cepi, captus (拿,取,抓)。

【同源单词】：accept, acceptable, accepted, concept, conception

词根：-chem-

【词根含义】：化学

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语khemia(炼金术)。

【同源单词】：biochemical, biochemistry, chemical, chemist, chemistry

词根：-chron-

【词根含义】：时间

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语khronos(时间)和kronikos(时间的)。

【同源单词】：chronic, chronicle, chronograph, chronological, chronology

词根：-cis-, -cid-

【词根含义】：切

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus(砍,劈)。

【同源单词】：circumcision, concise, concision, decision, decisive

词根：-cit-

【词根含义】：呼喊

【词根来源】：拉丁语中ciere或cire(移动)的过去分词citus派生了动词cito, citare, citavi, citatus,其意义为“引起移动”→“召集,号召”,进入古法语为citer,进入英语为-cit-(呼喊)。

【同源单词】：citation, cite, excite, excitement, incite

词根：-claim-, -clam-

【词根含义】：叫喊

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词clam.o, clam.are, clam.avi, clam.atus(呼喊,声明)。

【同源单词】：acclaim, claim, claimant, disclaim, exclaim

词根：-clar-

【词根含义】：清楚,明白

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词clar.us, -a, -um(光亮的,明显的)。

【同源单词】：clarification, clarify, clarity, clear, declaration

词根：-clin-

【词根含义】：倾,斜

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语klimax(梯子)和拉丁语clinare(倾斜,下沉)。均可追溯至原始印欧语kli-(倾斜,斜面)。

【同源单词】：decline, inclination, incline, lean

词根：-clud-, -clos-, -clus-

【词根含义】：关,闭

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus(关,闭)。

【同源单词】：conclude, exclude, include, preclude, close

词根：-color-

【词根含义】：染色

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词coloro, colorare, coloravi, coloratus(染色)。

词根：-cord-, -card-, -cour-

【词根含义】：心(脏)

【词根来源】：-cord-来源于拉丁语名词cor, cordis, n(心脏);-card-来源于希腊语kardia;二者均可追溯至原始印欧语kerd-。-cour-是cor(心脏)的变体。

【同源单词】：accord, accordance, accordant, according, accordingly

词根：-corn-, -cer-

【词根含义】：角

【词根来源】：-corn-来源于拉丁语名词cornu, cornus, n(动物的角,点,突出的部分); -cer-来源于希腊语keras(动物的角)。可追溯至原始印欧语ker-(尖顶,头)。

【同源单词】：bicorn, cornea, corneous, corner, cornet

词根：-corp-, -corpor-

【词根含义】：体

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词corporare(形成身体)或名词corpus(身体)。

【同源单词】：corps, corpse, corporal, corporate, corporation

词根：-cosm-, -cosmo-

【词根含义】：世界,宇宙

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语kosmos(秩序)。

【同源单词】：cosmetic, cosmetology, cosmic, cosmos, macrocosm

词根：-cracy-, -crat-

【词根含义】：统治

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语kratikos(统治)。

【同源单词】：bureaucracy, democracy, bureaucrat, bureaucratic, democrat

词根：-cre-, -cret-

【词根含义】：创造,生长

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词creo, creare, creavi, creates(创造)和cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus(生长)。

【同源单词】：create, creation, creative, creator, creature

词根：-cred-

【词根含义】：相信,信任

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词credo, credere, credidi, creditus(相信)和名词creditum, crediti, n(借贷)。

【同源单词】：accredit, credentials, credibility, credible, credit

词根：-cruc-

【词根含义】：十字

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词crux, crucis, f 十字架/十字形。

【同源单词】：across, cross, crucial, crucify, cruise

词根：-crypt-

【词根含义】：隐藏,秘密

【词根来源】：希腊语kruptos/krupte/kruptikos(隐藏),进入拉丁语为crypta/crypticus(隐藏,秘密),进入英语为-crypt-。

【同源单词】：cryptogram

词根：-cur-

【词根含义】：关心,照料

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词cur.a, cur.ae, f(关心)或动词curo, curare, curavi, curatus(关心,照料)。

【同源单词】：accuracy, accurate, curable, cure, curio

词根：-curr-, -curs-

【词根含义】：流,跑

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词curro, currere, curri, cursus(跑,流)。

【同源单词】：concur, concurrent, concurrently, courier, currency

词根：-demn-, -damn-

【词根含义】：伤害,惩罚

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词damnare(损失,伤害)。

【同源单词】：condemn, condemnation, condemner, indemnification, indemnify

词根：-demo-, -dem-

【词根含义】：人民

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语demos(人民)。

【同源单词】：democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize, demographic

词根：-dent-

【词根含义】：牙齿

【词根来源】：-dent-出现于13世纪,是英语dint(表面凹坑)的变体,而dint来源于古英语dynt,在中古英语时期也受到古斯堪的纳维亚语dyntr的影响。

【同源单词】：dent, dental, dentist, indent

词根：-di-

【词根含义】：日

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语dies(日)。

【同源单词】：meridian, postmeridian

词根：-dic-, -dict-

【词根含义】：说,讲

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词dico, dicere, dixi, dictus(说,讲)和dic.o, dic.are, dic.avi, dic.atus(宣告,奉献)。

【同源单词】：abdicate, condition, conditional, dedicate, dedication

词根：-divid-, -divis-

【词根含义】：分

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词dividere(分)和通俗拉丁语动词divisare(分)。

【同源单词】：divide, dividend, individual, subdivide, widow

词根：-do-, -dow-, -don-

【词根含义】：给

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词do, dare, dedi, datus(给)和dono, donare, donavi, donates(给)。

【同源单词】：edit, edition, editor, editorial, endow

词根：-doc-, -doct-

【词根含义】：教

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词doceo, docere, docui, doctus(教)。

【同源单词】：doctrine, document, documentary, dogma, dogmatic

词根：-dorm-

【词根含义】：睡眠

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus(睡)。

词根：-du-

【词根含义】：二,双

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中duo(二)及其派生词如duplus(对折的,两倍的),dubius(不确定的),duplicare(使两倍,双),dubitare(动摇)等。

【同源单词】：double, duple, duplicate

词根：-duc-, -duct-

【词根含义】：引导

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词duco, ducere, duxi, ductus(引导)。

【同源单词】：deduce, educate, education, educational, induce

词根：-dur-

【词根含义】：坚固,持久

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词duro, durare, duravi, duratus(坚固,持久)。

【同源单词】：dour, durability, durable, durance, duration

词根：-eco-

【词根含义】：生态,经济

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语oikos(房屋,家园)。

【同源单词】：ecological, ecology, economic, economical, economically

词根：-ed-

【词根含义】：吃

【词根来源】：来源于原始印欧语ed-(吃),希腊语为edein,拉丁语为edere。

【同源单词】：edible

词根：-electr-

【词根含义】：电

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词electrum, electri, n(琥珀,电),早期“电”的现象是通过摩擦琥珀而产生的(可以吸引微小而重量轻的物体),直到后来随着科学的进步和发展,电的其它现象实际上也被包括进来了。

【同源单词】：electric, electrical, electrician, electricity, electrify

词根：-equ-

【词根含义】：均,等

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词aequalis, aequale, aequalior(均,等)和aequus, aequa(相等的)。 

【同源单词】：adequacy, adequate, equal, equality, equally

词根：-erg-

【词根含义】：工作,行动

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语ergon(工作,行动)。

【同源单词】：allergic, allergy, energetic, energize, energy

词根：-err-

【词根含义】：漫游,错误

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词erro, errare, erravi, erratus(漫游,错误)。

【同源单词】：aberrance, aberrant, aberration, err, errant

词根：-ess-, -sent-, -senc-

【词根含义】：存在

【词根来源】：原始印欧语的be动词es-派生的拉丁语be动词为esse。-sent-来源于拉丁语be动词esse的现在分词词干;-senc-来源于esse在拉丁语中派生的词干-sentia;-ess-来源于esse在拉丁语中派生的抽象名词essentia(存在)。

【同源单词】：essence, essential, essentially, absent, assent

词根：-ethn-

【词根含义】：种族

【词根来源】：希腊语ethnos(民族,人民)派生了ethnikos(异教徒的),进入拉丁语为ethnicus(异教徒的);16世纪进入英语,意义仍为“异教徒”,19世纪中期重获其原始意义“种族”。

【同源单词】：ethnic, ethnical, ethnology

词根：-fabric-

【词根含义】：制作

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词faber, fabri, m(工匠,铁匠,木匠)和拉丁语动词fabrico, fabricare, fabricavi, fabricatus(制造,建设)。

【同源单词】：fabric, fabricant, fabricate, fabrication, fabricator

词根：-fac-, -fic-, -fect-, -fact-, -feat-

【词根含义】：做,作

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词facio, facere, feci, factus(做,作)。

【同源单词】：benefit, counterfeit, facile, facilitate, facility

词根：-fend-, -fens-, -fenc-

【词根含义】：打击

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语复合词词尾-fendere。

【同源单词】：defend, defendant, defender, fend, fender

词根：-fer-, -lat-

【词根含义】：携带,拿取

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fero, ferre, tuli, latus(携带,拿取)。

【同源单词】：afferent, aquifer, aquiferous, calciferous, carboniferous

词根：-ferv-

【词根含义】：沸,热

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fervo, fervere, fervi, -(沸,热)。

【同源单词】：defervesce, effervesce, effervescent, fervency, fervent

词根：-fict-, -fig-

【词根含义】：制造,塑造,虚构

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中由-fig-派生的动词figuro, figurare, figuravi, figuratus(成型)和fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus(做,成型)。

【同源单词】：fiction, fictitious, configuration, figment, figure

词根：-fid-

【词根含义】：信任

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词fides, fidei, f(信任)或动词fido, fidere, fisus, sum(信任)。

【同源单词】：confidant, confide, confidence, confident, confidential

词根：-fil-

【词根含义】：线

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词fil.um, fili, n(线)。

【同源单词】：fillet, profile

词根：-fin-, -finit-

【词根含义】：结束,界限

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词finis(结束)和动词finio, finire, finivi, finitus(结束,界限)。

【同源单词】：confine, define, definite, definitely, definition

词根：-firm-

【词根含义】：巩固,确定

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词firmus(稳固的,坚固的)和动词firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus(巩固,确定)。

【同源单词】：affirm, affirmance, affirmation, affirmative, confirm

词根：-fiss-

【词根含义】：裂

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词findo, findere, fidi, fissus(裂)。

【同源单词】：fissiparism, fissiparity

词根：-fix-

【词根含义】：固定,安装

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词figo, figere, fixi, fixus(固定,安装)。

【同源单词】：affix, fix, fixed, fixture, prefix

词根：-flagr-, -flam-

【词根含义】：燃烧,火焰

【词根来源】：-flagr-来源于拉丁语动词flagro, flagrare, flagravi, flagratus(燃烧,火焰);-flam-来源于拉丁语名字flamma, flammae, f(火焰)。均可追溯至原始印欧语bhleg/phleg。

【同源单词】：conflagrant, conflagration, deflagrate, flagrant, flame

词根：-flat-

【词根含义】：吹

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词flo, flare, flavi, flatus(吹)。

【同源单词】：deflation, inflation

词根：-flect-, -flex-

【词根含义】：弯曲,曲折

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus(弯曲,曲折)。

【同源单词】：reflect, reflection, flex, flexibility, flexible

词根：-flict-

【词根含义】：打击

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词flig.ere(打击)。

【同源单词】：afflict, affliction, afflictive, conflict, inflict

词根：-flour-, -flor-

【词根含义】：花

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词floreo, florere, florui, -(花),经由古法语flour和盎格鲁-诺曼底语flur进入英语。

【同源单词】：flour, flourish, flower, reflourish, biflorate

词根：-flu-, -flux-

【词根含义】：流

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxum(流)。

【同源单词】：affluence, affluent, circumfluence, circumfluent, confluence

词根：-forc-, -fort-

【词根含义】：力量,强壮

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词fortis, forte, fortiori(强壮的,有力的),词干为-fort-,经由法语force进入英语。

【同源单词】：enforce, enforcement, force, forceful, forcible

词根：-form-

【词根含义】：形

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词formo, formare, formavi, formatus(形)。

【同源单词】：aciform, conform, conformity, cordiform, corniform

词根：-fract-, -frag-

【词根含义】：打破,打碎

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词frango, frangere, fregi, fractus(打破,打碎)。

【同源单词】：fraction, fracture, fragile, fragment, frail

词根：-fug-

【词根含义】：逃离

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus(逃离)。

【同源单词】：centrifugal, centrifugation

词根：-ge-, -geo-

【词根含义】：地球,大地

【同源单词】：geographer, geographic, geographical, geography, geology

词根：-gen-, -gener-, -germ-

【词根含义】：生殖,出生

【词根来源】：来源于原始印欧语gen-(生育)在拉丁语中产生的词汇genus(种类),gens(人种),generare(生殖),generalis(全体的,总的,普遍的)和germen(发芽,分枝)等。

【同源单词】：benign, engine, engineer, engineering, gender

词根：-gest-

【词根含义】：携带,运输

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词gero, gerere, gessi, gestus(携带,运输)。

【同源单词】：congest, congestion, digest, digestion, digestive

词根：-gn-, -not-, -gnor-, -gnos-

【词根含义】：知道

【词根来源】：-gnos-来源于拉丁语动词gnosc.o, gnosc.ere, gnovi, gnotus(知道)的词干-gnosc-; -not-来源于拉丁语动词nosco, noscere, novi, not.us(知道)的过去分词词干-not-; -gnor-来源于含有否定前缀i-的拉丁语动词i.gnor.o, i.gnor.are, ignoravi, ignoratus(不知道)的词干-gnor-。这些拉丁语的词源可追溯至原始印欧语-gn-。

【同源单词】：cognition, cognitive, cognize, recognise, recognition

词根：-grad-, -gress-

【词根含义】：步,级

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词gradus(步)和拉丁语动词gradior, gradi, gressus, sum(步行)。

【同源单词】：centigrade, degrade, downgrade, gradation, grade

词根：-gram-, -graph-

【词根含义】：写,画

【词根来源】：-gram-来源于希腊语名词gramma(写下的东西),其在希腊语中派生了形容词grammatikos(字母的),名词化为grammatike,进入拉丁语为grammatica,古法语为gramaire,盎格鲁-诺曼底语为gramere。-graph-来源于希腊语graphein(写,画)。

【同源单词】：cryptogram, diagram, electrocardiogram, epigram, gram

词根：-grat-

【词根含义】：高兴,恩惠

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词gratus(令人愉快的)、gratiosus(令人愉快的)和名词gratia(愉快,恩惠)。

【同源单词】：agree, agreeable, agreement, congratulate, congratulation

词根：-grav-

【词根含义】：重;压迫;重要;挖,刻

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词gravo, gravare, gravavi, gravatus(重,压迫)和形容词gravis, grave, gravior(重的,重要的);可追溯至古印欧语ghrebh-(挖),在日耳曼语中派生了grob-, grub-, grab-(挖,刻)。

【同源单词】：aggravate, engrave, grave, gravity, grief

词根：-greg-

【词根含义】：群,聚集

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词gre.x, greg.is, m(兽群,聚集)。

【同源单词】：aggregate, aggregation, segregate, segregation

词根：-heter-

【词根含义】：异,其它

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语heteros(其它)。

【同源单词】：heterogeneous

词根：-horr-

【词根含义】：怕

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词horreo, horrere, horrui, -,其意义为“因害怕而毛发倒竖”和“因充满恐惧和厌恶而发抖”。

【同源单词】：abhorrent, horrible, horrify, horror

词根：-hospit-, -host-

【词根含义】：客人,主人,敌人

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语hospes, hospitis, m(陌生人,敌人),其词干形式-hospit-进入古法语为hostel,在现代法语中变为hotel后,同时具有“客人”和“主人”的意义。

【同源单词】：hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostage

词根：-hum-

【词根含义】：土,土地;人类;卑下;湿

【词根来源】：拉丁语中名词hum.us, hum.i, f(土地)派生了human.us(人类的)和humilis(卑下的);拉丁语中动词hum.ere(潮湿)派生了形容词humid.us(潮湿的)和名词humor(液体,潮湿)。

【同源单词】：exhumation, exhume, human, humane, humanism

词根：-hydr-

【词根含义】：水,氢

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语hydor(水)。

【同源单词】：carbohydrate, hydrant, hydrate, hydraulic, hydraulics

词根：-ident-

【词根含义】：相同,同一

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中idem(相同)派生的名词identitas(相同)。

【同源单词】：identical, identification, identify, identity

词根：-insul-

【词根含义】：岛

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词insula, insulae, f(岛)。

【同源单词】：insular, insularity, insulate, insulation, insulator

词根：-it-

【词根含义】：行,走

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词eo, ire, ivi(ii), it.us(行,走)。

【同源单词】：ambition, ambitious, circuit, circuitous, exit

词根：-jac-, -ject-, -jact-

【词根含义】：投,射

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词jacio, jacere, jaci, jactus(投,射)。

【同源单词】：abject, adjective, conjecture, deject, dejected

词根：-jok-, -joc-

【词根含义】：玩笑

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词joc.us, joc.i, m(玩笑)。

【同源单词】：joke, joker, joking, jocose, jocosity

词根：-journ-

【词根含义】：一天

【词根来源】：来源于古法语jornee/jour(一天)。拉丁语名词dies, diei, n(一天,白天)派生的形容词diurnus(每天的),其名词用法为diurnum(一天的工作量),在古法语中为jornee/jour(一天)。

【同源单词】：adjourn, journal, journalism, journalist, journey

词根：-judic-, -just-, -jur-

【词根含义】：法律,公正

【词根来源】：-jur-来源于拉丁语名词jus, jur.is, n(法律,公正);-just-来源于由jus派生的形容词just.us, just.a, just.um(公平的,正义的); -judic-来源于judex, judicis, n(判决)。judex原义是“说法律”,由jus(法律)和-dic-(说)复合而成。

【同源单词】：judge, judgement, judgment, judicial, judiciary

词根：-junct-, -joint-, -join-

【词根含义】：连接,加入

【词根来源】：-junct-来源于拉丁语动词jungo, jungere, junxi, junct.us(连接);-join-/-joint-来源于jungere在古法语中派生的joindre。

【同源单词】：adjunct, adjunction, conjunct, conjunction, disjunction

词根：-labor-

【词根含义】：工作

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus(工作)。

【同源单词】：belabor, collaborate, collaboration, elaborate, elaboration

词根：-laps-

【词根含义】：滑,落

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词labor, labi, laps.us, -(毁坏,滑到)。

【同源单词】：collapse, elapse, lapse, lapsed, relapse

词根：-later-

【词根含义】：边,侧

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词lateralis(横向的,侧面的)和拉丁语名词latus, lateris, n(侧,边)。

【同源单词】：bilateral, lateral, multilateral, unilateral

词根：-lax-

【词根含义】：松弛,放松

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词laxus(松的)及动词laxo, laxare, laxavi, laxatus(松弛,放松)。

【同源单词】：delay, lax, lease, relax, relaxation

词根：-lect-, -lig-, -leg-

【词根含义】：采集;诵读

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词lego, legere, legi, lectus(采集,诵读)。

【同源单词】：collect, collection, collective, dialect, elect

词根：-legis-, -leg-

【词根含义】：法(规);代理,委托,遗赠

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词lex, legis, f(法规)及其派生的动词lego, legare, legavi, legatus(代理,委托,遗赠)。

【同源单词】：legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legitimate

词根：-lev-

【词根含义】：举,升

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词levo, levare, levavi, levatus(举,升)。

【同源单词】：alleviate, elevate, elevated, elevation, elevator

词根：-li-, -lig-, -ly-

【词根含义】：捆,约束

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词ligo, -are, -avi, -atus(捆,约束)。

【同源单词】：alliance, allied, liability, liable, reliability

词根：-liber-

【词根含义】：自由,释放;称,权衡

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatus(自由,释放)和拉丁语名词libra, librae, f(称,权衡)。

【同源单词】：deliberate, deliberately, deliver, delivery, liberal

词根：-limit-, -limin-, -lim-

【词根含义】：界限

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词limes, limitis, m(边界)和limen, liminis, n(门槛,入口)。

【同源单词】：limit, limitation, limited, unlimited, eliminate

词根：-lingu-

【词根含义】：语言,舌

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词lingua, linguae, n(语言,舌)。

【同源单词】：bilingual, language, lingual, linguist, linguistic

词根：-liqu-

【词根含义】：液体

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词liqueo, liquere, licui, -(在液体状态)。

【同源单词】：liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquidate, liquidity

词根：-liter-

【词根含义】：文字,字母

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词littera, litterae, f(字母)。

【同源单词】：illiterate, letter, literacy, literal, literally

词根：-loc-

【词根含义】：地方,位置

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词loco, locare, locavi, locatus(地方,位置)。

【同源单词】：allocate, local, locality, locate, location

词根：-luxur-

【词根含义】：大量,挥霍

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词lux.us(富裕,挥霍)及其派生的形容词luxuri.a(过量的)和动词luxuri.are(充分发育)。

【同源单词】：luxuriant, luxuriate, luxurious, luxury

词根：-machin-, -mechan-

【词根含义】：机器,机械

【词根来源】：希腊语中makhos(发明,工具)派生了mekhane和mekhanikos。-machin-来源于希腊语makhos在拉丁语中派生的machina(发明,工具); -mechan-来源于希腊语mekhanikos在拉丁语中派生的mechanicus。

【同源单词】：machine, machinery, mechanic, mechanical, mechanics

词根：-macr-, -macro-

【词根含义】：长,大,宏

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语macros(大的)。

【同源单词】：macrocosm, macroscopic

词根：-main-, -man-

【词根含义】：居住,留

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词man.eo, man.ere, man.si, man.sus(居住,留)。

【同源单词】：remain, remainder, remains, remnant, emancipate

词根：-mand-, -mend-

【词根含义】：命令

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词mand.o, mand.are, mand.avi, mand.atus(命令,委托)。

【同源单词】：command, commandant, commandeer, commander, demand

词根：-manu-, -mani-, -man-

【词根含义】：手

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语manus(手)及其派生词如manualis(adj.合手的,顺手的), manicula(n.小手), manipulus(n.一把,一撮), manufactum(adj.手工做的)等。

【同源单词】：manual, manufacture, manufacturer, manumit, manuscript

词根：-mar-

【词根含义】：海

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词mar.e, mar.is, n(海洋)。

【同源单词】：aquamarine, mariculture, marine, mariner, maritime

词根：-matr-, -mater-

【词根含义】：母

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词mater, matris, f(母亲)。

【同源单词】：matriarch, matron, metropolitan, material, materialism

词根：-meas-, -mens-

【词根含义】：测量

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词metior, metiri, mensus, sum(测量)。可追溯至原始印欧语me-。

【同源单词】：measurable, measure, measurement, dimension, immense

词根：-med-, -medi-

【词根含义】：中间;医药

【词根来源】：“医药”的意义来源于拉丁语词根med-及其在拉丁语中派生的词汇mederi(治愈),medicus(医生),medicina(临床)和medicari(治疗)等；“中间”的意义来源于拉丁语形容词 medius, media, medium(中间的)。

【同源单词】：amid, medicable, medical, medicine, midday

词根：-memor-, -ment-

【词根含义】：记忆,智力

【词根来源】： -memor-来源于拉丁语中形容词memor(注意的,不忘的)及其派生的名词memoria(记忆,记得)和动词memorare(记忆,记得); -ment-来源于拉丁语名词mens, mentis, f(记忆力)和mentio(回想)。这些拉丁语的词源可追溯至原始印欧语-men-(思考)。

【同源单词】：commemorate, immemorial, memento, memo, memoir

词根：-merc-

【词根含义】：商

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词merx, mercis, f(商品)及其派生的拉丁语动词mercor, mercari, mercatus, sum(买,贸易)。

【同源单词】：commerce, commercial, commercialism, merchandise, merchant

词根：-merg-, -mers-

【词根含义】：沉,浸

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus(沉,浸)。

【同源单词】：emerge, emergency, merge, submerge, immerse

词根：-meter-, -metr-

【词根含义】：测量;仪表

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语metron测量。可追溯至原始印欧语met-, med-。

【同源单词】：accelerometer, acetimeter, acetometer, altimeter, audiometer

词根：-micro-

【词根含义】：微,小

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语mikros(小的)。

【同源单词】：microcosm, microphone, microprocessor, microscope, microscopic

词根：-migr-

【词根含义】：迁移

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词migro, migrare, migravi, migrates(迁移)。

【同源单词】：emigrant, emigrate, emigration, immigrant, immigrate

词根：-milit-

【词根含义】：兵

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词miles, militis, m(士兵)及其派生的动词milito, militare, militavi, militates(服兵役)。

【同源单词】：demilitarization, demilitarize, militancy, militant, militarism

词根：-mir-

【词根含义】：惊奇,敬佩

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词miror, mirari, miratus, sum(惊奇,敬佩)和miro, mirare, miravi, miratus(好奇、敬畏地看)。

【同源单词】：admirable, admiration, admire, miracle, miraculous

词根：-mitt-, -miss-, -mit-

【词根含义】：送,派

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词mitto, mittere, misi, missus(送,派)。

【同源单词】：committee, intermittent, remittance, admission, commission

词根：-mod-

【词根含义】：量器,模式;适中

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词modus, modi, m(量器)或其派生的modulus(小量器)。可追溯至原始印欧语me-。

【同源单词】：accommodate, accommodation, commodity, mode, model

词根：-mon-

【词根含义】：提醒,警告;单一,公共

【词根来源】：分别来源于拉丁语动词moneo, monere, monui, monitus(劝勉,提醒)和形容词monos, -e, -on(单一的)。

【同源单词】：acrimonious, acrimony, admonish, common, demonstration

词根：-mor-

【词根含义】：习惯,行为,方式

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词mos, moris, m(习惯,行为,方式)。

【同源单词】：amoral, demoralise, demoralize, immoral, moral

词根：-mort-

【词根含义】：死

【词根来源】：来源于原始印欧语mor-或mr-在拉丁语中派生的mortu.us(adj. 死)、mors(n. 死)、mortalis(adj. 死)和mortificare(v. 死)等。

【同源单词】：immortal, mortal, mortality, mortally, mortgage

词根：-mov-, -mob-, -mot-

【词根含义】：移动

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词moveo, movere, movi, motus(移动)。

【同源单词】：movable, move, movement, movie, removable

词根：-mult-, -multi-

【词根含义】：多(重)的

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中multus(许多的)及其派生词multiplicare, multiplus, multitudo等。

【同源单词】：multicultural, multiflorous, multilateral, multilingual, multimeter

词根：-mun-

【词根含义】：防御,公共

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词mun.io, mun.ire(防御);拉丁语形容词commun.is, -is, -e(公共的)。

【同源单词】：ammunition, communicate, communication, communism, communist

词根：-mut-

【词根含义】：变

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatus(变)。

【同源单词】：immutable, mutability, mutable, mutate, mutinous

词根：-nasc-, -nat-

【词根含义】：生

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词nascor, nasci, natus, sum(生)。

【同源单词】：nation, national, nationalism, nationality, native

词根：-naut-, -nav-

【词根含义】：船

【词根来源】：-naut-(船)来源于希腊语naus(船);-nav-(船)来源于拉丁语中navis(船)及其派生词navia(舰队)和navalis(船的)。

【同源单词】：aeronaut, aeronautics, aquanaut, astronaut, astronautic

词根：-nect-, -next-, -nex-

【词根含义】：连接

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词necto, nectere, nexi, nexus(连接)。

【同源单词】：connect, connection, interconnect, annex, nexus

词根：-neg-

【词根含义】：否认

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词nego, negare, negavi, negatus(否认)。

【同源单词】：negation, negative, neglect, neglectful, negligible

词根：-nerv-, -neur-

【词根含义】：神经

【词根来源】：-nerv-来源于拉丁语名词nervus, nervi, m(神经);-neur-来源于希腊语neuron(神经)。

【同源单词】：enervate, innervate, nervous, unnerve, neural

词根：-neutr-

【词根含义】：中

【词根来源】：来源于一个否定前缀和一个意义为“两者之一”的词汇的复合词,因此可拆分为-ne-和-utr-,复合在一起的原始意义为“既不是这一个也不是那一个”。

【同源单词】：neuter, neutral, neutralize, neutron

词根：-nom-

【词根含义】：学科,学术,法则

【同源单词】：agronomy, astronomy, autonomy, economic, economical

词根：-nomin-, -onym-

【词根含义】：名

【词根来源】：-nomin-来源于拉丁语nomen(名); -onym-来源于希腊语onuma(名)。均可追溯至原始印欧语-nomen-。

【同源单词】：acronym, allonym

词根：-nounc-

【词根含义】：通知

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中nuntius(信使)派生的动词nunti.o, nunti.are, nunti.avi, nunti.atus(通知,宣布)。

【同源单词】：announce, announcement, denounce, enunciate, enunciation

词根：-nov-

【词根含义】：新

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词novus, nova(新)。

【同源单词】：innovate, innovation, novel, novelist, renovate

词根：-nutr-

【词根含义】：哺育,营养

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词nutrio, nutrire, nutrivi, nutritus(哺育,营养)。

【同源单词】：malnutrition, nourish, nurse, nursery, nurture

词根：-ole-

【词根含义】：油

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词oleum, olei, n(油)。

【同源单词】：gasoline, oil

词根：-oper-

【词根含义】：工作

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语op.us, oper.is, n(工作)及其派生词operari(工作)。

【同源单词】：cooperate, cooperation, cooperative, opera, operable

词根：-opt-

【词根含义】：选择

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词opto, optare, optavi, optatus(选择,希望)。

【同源单词】：adopt, opt, option, optional

词根：-or-, -orat-

【词根含义】：口,说;祷告

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词os, oris, n(口,嘴)和动词oro, orare, oravi, oratus(乞求,祷告)。

【同源单词】：adore, exorable, oracle, oral, orate

词根：-oxy-

【词根含义】：尖锐,敏锐,氧

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语oxys(尖的,酸的)。

【同源单词】：oxygen

词根：-pac-

【词根含义】：和平

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词pax, pac.is, f(和平)。

【同源单词】：appease, appeasement, pacific, pacifist, pacify

词根：-pan-

【词根含义】：面包

【词根来源】：来源于通俗拉丁语pan.is, pan.is, m(面包)。

【同源单词】：accompany, companion, companionship, company, pannier

词根：-pand-, -pans-

【词根含义】：延伸,扩展

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pando, pandere, pandi, pans.us(延伸,扩展)。

【同源单词】：expand, expanse, expansion

词根：-par-

【词根含义】：相同,类似;安排,准备;生育;出现

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词par, paris(相同,类似)、动词paro, parare, paravi, paratus(安排,准备)、动词pario, parere, peperi, partus(生育)、动词pareo, parere, parui, paritus(出现,显露)等。

【同源单词】：apparent, appear, appearance, biparous, comparable

词根：-part-

【词根含义】：分,局部

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词pars, partis, f(分,局部)。

【同源单词】：apart, apartment, counterpart, depart, department

词根：-pati-, -path-, -pass-

【词根含义】：痛苦,激情

【词根来源】：-pati-/-pass-来源于拉丁语动词patior, pati, passus, sum(忍受); -path-来源于希腊语path.os(忍受,疾病) → 爱由怜生,爱是痛苦的。

【同源单词】：compatibility, compatible, impatient, incompatible, patience

词根：-patr-, -pater-

【词根含义】：父,祖国

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语patria, patriae, f(祖国)和pater, patris, m(父)。 

【同源单词】：compatriot, patriarch, patriot, patriotic, patriotism

词根：-pel-, -puls-

【词根含义】：推动

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus(推动)。

【同源单词】：appeal, appealing, compel, dispel, expel

词根：-pen-

【词根含义】：惩罚;羽毛;尾巴

【词根来源】：“惩罚”的意义来源于希腊语poine(惩罚),拉丁语poena,古法语peine;“羽毛”的意义来源于拉丁语名词penna, pennae, f(羽毛);“尾巴”的意义来源于拉丁语名词pen.is(尾巴)。

【同源单词】：impunity, penal, penalty, penitentiary, punish

词根：-pend-, -pens-

【词根含义】：悬挂,垂;称量;支付

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pendeo, pendere, pependi, - (悬挂,下垂); pendo, pendere, pependi, pensus(称量;支付)。

【同源单词】：append, appendix, depend, dependence, dependent

词根：-peri-

【词根含义】：试验,尝试

【词根来源】：英语experience, experiment和expert共源于由前缀ex-(出)和史前词素-per-(试验,尝试)组成的拉丁语动词experiri(试验,尝试);词根-peri-(试验,尝试)的词源指向即为史前词素-per-(试验,尝试)。

【同源单词】：experience, experienced, experiment, experimental, experimentally

词根：-pet-

【词根含义】：寻求

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pet.o, -ere, -ivi, -itus(追求,力争)。

【同源单词】：appetite, compete, competence, competent, competition

词根：-phil-

【词根含义】：爱

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语philos(爱的)。

【同源单词】：bibliophile, philanthropist, philanthropy, philology, philosopher

词根：-phon-

【词根含义】：声音

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语phone(声音),可追溯至古印欧语词根bha-(说),其在英语中的派生词含有-fa-, -fe-, -pha-或-phe-,跟“说”有关。

【同源单词】：audiphone, euphonious, euphony, gramophone, headphone

词根：-phot-, -photo-

【词根含义】：光

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语phot, phos(光)。

【同源单词】：photon, photochemistry, photocopier, photocopy, photoelectric

词根：-plac-

【词根含义】：高兴,安慰

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词plac.o, plac.are, plac.avi, plac.atus(平静,满足)和plac.eo, plac.ere, plac.ui, plac.itus(高兴,满足)。

【同源单词】：placable, placate, pleasant, please, pleased

词根：-plant-

【词根含义】：种植

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词planto, plantare, plantavi, plantatus(种植)。

词根：-ple-, -pli-, -ply-, -plen-

【词根含义】：充满

【词根来源】：在拉丁语中基本动词plere(填充),加上适当的前缀,可以组成众多的复合词;其中复合动词com.plere(充满,完成)是英语complete和comply的词源、复合动词sup.plere是英语supply的词源,等等;而-plen-来源于拉丁语中由动词plere(填充)派生的plen.us(充满的)。均可追溯至原始印欧语ple-。

【同源单词】：complement, complementary, complete, completely, completion

词根：-plic-, -ply-, -plex-

【词根含义】：折叠

【词根来源】：-plic-和-ply-来源于拉丁语动词plic.o, plic.are, plic.avi, plic.atus(折叠,卷绕);-plex-来源于拉丁语动词plecto, plectere, plexi, plectus(重叠,编织)。可追溯至原始印欧语pl-(折叠)。

【同源单词】：applicable, applicant, application, complicate, complicated

词根：-pol-

【词根含义】：极

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词polus, poli, n(极,轴线端)。

【同源单词】：polar, polarimeter, polarimetry, Polaris, polariscope

词根：-polis-, -polit-

【词根含义】：城市;政治

【词根来源】：希腊语中polis(城市,城邦)派生了polites(公民),继而politikos(城市的,城邦的,公民的,政治的);进入拉丁语为politicus(政治的,深思远虑的)。

【同源单词】：acropolis, cosmopolis, policy, policymaker, cosmopolitan

词根：-pon-, -posit-, -pos-

【词根含义】：放置

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pono, ponere, posui, positus(放置)。

【同源单词】：component, compound, exponent, expound, opponent

词根：-popul-, -publ-

【词根含义】：人民,公众

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词populus, populi, n(人民,公众)及其派生的puplicus, puplica, puplicum(人民的)的变体publicus, publica, publicum(人民的,公众的)。

【同源单词】：depopulate, depopulation, overpopulation, popular, popularity

词根：-port-

【词根含义】：运输,携带;港口;门

【词根来源】：“运输,携带;港口”的意义来源于原始印欧语por-(离去,通过)在拉丁语中派生的名词portus(港口)和动词porto, portare, portavi, portatus(运输,携带);“门”的意义来源于拉丁语名词porta, portae, f(门,入口)。

【同源单词】：airport, comport, deport, deportation, deportment

词根：-pot-, -poss-

【词根含义】：能,能够

【词根来源】：拉丁语动词possum, posse, potui, -(能,能够)来源于早期拉丁语动词短语potis esse(能,能够)。posse的前身是古拉丁语potere(能,能够)。 

【同源单词】：impotence, impotency, impotent, multipotent, omnipotence

词根：-prec-

【词根含义】：价格,价值

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语pretium(价格,价值)在古法语中派生的precios。

【同源单词】：appraise, appreciable, appreciate, appreciation, appreciative

词根：-prehend-, -prehens-, -pris-

【词根含义】：抓住,包含

【词根来源】：-prehend-/-prehens-来源于拉丁语动词prehendo, prehendere, prehendi, prehensus(抓住);-pris-来源于-prehens-的缩写形式-prens-,经由古法语进入英语时变为-pris-。

【同源单词】：apprehend, comprehend, entrepreneur, misapprehend, reprehend

词根：-press-

【词根含义】：压

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词premo, premere, pressi, pressus(压)的过去分词pressus派生的另一动词press.are(压,施力)。

【同源单词】：compress, compression, depress, depression, express

词根：-priv-

【词根含义】：私人,私下

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词privus(单独的,个体的)或其派生的动词privo, privare, privavi, privates(使孤立,剥夺)。

【同源单词】：deprive, privacy, private, privilege

词根：-proach-, -proxim-

【词根含义】：接近

【词根来源】：拉丁语副词prope(近的)的比较级是propior, -or, -us, 最高级是proximus, -a, -um。

【同源单词】：approach, approximate, approximately

词根：-prob-, -prov-, -proof-

【词根含义】：验证,试验;证实,批准

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词probo, probare, probavi, probatus(证实,批准),经古法语后字母b逐步转化为v和f。

【同源单词】：improbable, probability, probable, probably, approval

词根：-proper-, -propri-

【词根含义】：适当的,本身所有的

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词proprius, propria, proprium(个人的,自己的)。

【同源单词】：improper, proper, property, appropriate, appropriation

词根：-psych-

【词根含义】：心理,精神

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语psukhe(精神,灵魂)和拉丁语psyche(普塞克,灵魂和精神之女神,爱神丘比特的妻子)。

【同源单词】：psyche, psychic, psychoanalysis, psychoanalyst, psychological

词根：-punct-

【词根含义】：刺,点

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词pungo, pungere, pupugi, punctus(刺)。

【同源单词】：acupuncture, appoint, appointment, compunction, disappoint

词根：-put-, -count-

【词根含义】：计算

【词根来源】：-put-来源于拉丁语动词puto, putare, putavi, putatus(计算,考虑); -count-来源于拉丁语中由前缀com-(共同)和动词putare(计算)组成的复合动词computare(计算),进入古法语为compter/conter(计算),进入英语为-count-。

【同源单词】：computation, compute, computer, computerize, deputation

词根：-putr-, -putre-

【词根含义】：腐烂

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词puter, putris, putre(腐烂的)。

【同源单词】：putrefaction

词根：-quest-, -quis-, -quir-, -quer-

【词根含义】：寻求

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus(寻求)。

【同源单词】：conquest, quest, question, questionable, questionnaire

词根：-rad-, -ras-

【词根含义】：擦,刮

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词rado, radere, rasi, rasus(剃,刨,刮)。

【同源单词】：abradant, abrade, abrase, abrasion, abrasive

词根：-rang-

【词根含义】：行,列

【词根来源】：来源于古法语rangier(排成直线)。

【同源单词】：arrange, arrangement, range, rank

词根：-rap-, -rav-, -rapt-

【词根含义】：抓

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus(抓)。

【同源单词】：rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity

词根：-rat-

【词根含义】：计算,思考

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词reor, reri, ratus, sum(计算,思考)。

【同源单词】：irrational, overrate, rate, ratify, rating

词根：-real-

【词根含义】：现实

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语res(物),后派生了realis,经盎格鲁-诺曼底语real进入英语,最初的意义指“不动产”。

【同源单词】：real, realisation, realise, realism, realistic

词根：-rid-, -ris-

【词根含义】：嘲笑

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词rid.eo, rid.ere, ris.i, ris.us(嘲笑)。

【同源单词】：ridicule, ridiculous

词根：-rot-

【词根含义】：轮,滚

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词rot.o, -are, -avi, -atus(转动)和形容词rotund.us, -a, -um(转动的)。

【同源单词】：round

词根：-rupt-

【词根含义】：打断,破坏

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus(打断,破坏)。

【同源单词】：abrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt, corruption

词根：-sacr-, -sanct-

【词根含义】：神圣的

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sacro, sacrare, sacravi, sacratus(把...奉为神圣)、拉丁语动词sancio, sancire, sanxi, sanctus(奉献)和拉丁语形容词sacer, sacra, sacrum(神圣的)。

【同源单词】：consecrate, sacred, sacrifice, saint

词根：-sal-, -salt-

【词根含义】：盐

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语sal, salis, m(盐)及其在日耳曼语中的派生词根salt-。

【同源单词】：salad, salary, sauce, saucer, sausage

词根：-sat-, -satur-, -satis-

【词根含义】：足,饱,满

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词satur, satura, saturum(满的)、拉丁语副词satis(足够地) 和拉丁语动词saturo, saturare, saturavi, saturates(使充满)。

【同源单词】：asset, saturate, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfy

词根：-scend-, -scens-

【词根含义】：攀爬

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词scando, scandere, scandi, scansus(攀爬),可追溯至原始印欧语skand-(跳)。

【同源单词】：ascend, ascent, descend, descendant, descent

词根：-sci-

【词根含义】：知

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词scio, scire, scivi, scitus(知道)。

【同源单词】：conscience, conscientious, conscious, consciously, consciousness

词根：-scop-

【词根含义】：观察,镜

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语skopos(观察,目标,范围)。

【同源单词】：macroscopic, microscope, microscopic, polariscope, scope

词根：-scrib-, -script-

【词根含义】：写

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词scribo, scriber, scripsi, scriptus(写)。

【同源单词】：ascribe, describe, prescribe, scribe, subscribe

词根：-sen-

【词根含义】：老

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词senex, senis(老的),其比较级为senior。

【同源单词】：senate, senator, senior, seniority, sir

词根：-sens-, -sent-

【词根含义】：感觉

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus(感觉)。

【同源单词】：consensus, insensible, insensitive, nonsense, photosensitive

词根：-sequ-, -secut-

【词根含义】：跟随

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sequor, sequi, secutus, sum(跟随)。可追溯至原始印欧语seq-。

【同源单词】：consequence, consequent, consequently, pursue, pursuit

词根：-sert-

【词根含义】：连接,加入

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sero, serere, serui, sertus连接,加入。

【同源单词】：assert, assertion, assertive, desert, insert

词根：-serv-

【词根含义】：服务;保持,留心

【词根来源】：“服务”的意义来源于拉丁语名词servus, servi, m(奴隶,佣人)和拉丁语动词servio, servire, servivi, servitus(服务);“保持,留心”的意义来源于拉丁语动词servo, servare, servavi, servatus(保持,留心)。

【同源单词】：conservation, conservative, conserve, deserve, preservation

词根：-sid-, -sess-, -sed-

【词根含义】：坐

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus(坐)和sido, sidere, sidi, -(坐)。可追溯至原始印欧语sed-。

【同源单词】：preside, president, presidential, reside, residence

词根：-sign-

【词根含义】：标记

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词signo, signare, signavi, signatus(标记)。

【同源单词】：assign, assignment, design, designate, designer

词根：-soci-

【词根含义】：联合

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词socio, sociare, sociavi, sociatus(联合)。

【同源单词】：associate, associated, association, sociability, sociable

词根：-sol-

【词根含义】：太阳;单独;一致,完整;坚固

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词sol, solis, m(太阳)、拉丁语形容词solus, sola, solum(单独的)、拉丁语形容词sollus(完整的)、拉丁语形容词solidus, solida(坚固的,一致的)等。

【同源单词】：circumsolar, consolidate, consolidation, desolate, desolation

词根：-son-

【词根含义】：声音

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sono, sonare, sonavi, sonatus(声音,发声)或名词sonus, soni, m(声音)。

【同源单词】：consonant, resonance, sonata, sonic, soniferous

词根：-soph-

【词根含义】：聪明

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语sophos(聪明的)。

【同源单词】：philosopher, philosophic, philosophy, sophism, sophist

词根：-sorb-, -sorpt-, -sorbe-

【词根含义】：吸收

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sorbeo, sorbere, sorpsi, sorptus(吸收)。

【同源单词】：absorb, absorbed, absorbent, absorbing, absorption

词根：-sper-

【词根含义】：希望

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词sper.o, sper.are, sper.avi, sper.atus(希望)。

【同源单词】：despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, prosper

词根：-spher-

【词根含义】：球

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词sphaera, -ae, f(球)。

【同源单词】：atmosphere, atmospheric, biosphere, centrosphere, hemisphere

词根：-spir-

【词根含义】：呼吸

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词spiro, spirare, spiravi, spiratus(呼吸)。

【同源单词】：aspirant, aspiration, aspire, conspiracy, conspirator

词根：-splend-

【词根含义】：发光

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词splendeo, splendere, splendui, -(发光)。

【同源单词】：resplendent, splendent, splendid, splendiferous, splendor

词根：-spond-, -spons-

【词根含义】：允诺,约定

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词spondeo, spondere, spopondi, sponsus(允诺,约定)。

【同源单词】：correspond, correspondence, correspondent, corresponding, respond

词根：-stereo-

【词根含义】：实体的,稳定的,立体的

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语stereos(实体的,稳定的)。

【同源单词】：stereophony

词根：-strain-, -strict-, -string-

【词根含义】：束缚

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词stringo, stringere, strinxi, stricitus(束缚)。

【同源单词】：constrain, constraint, overstrain, restrain, restraint

词根：-stru-, -struct-

【词根含义】：建设,结构

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词struo, struere, struxi, structus(建设,结构)。

【同源单词】：destroy, instrument, instrumental, construct, construction

词根：-sur-

【词根含义】：确信

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中由前缀se-(分离,没有)和名词cura(关心)组成的securus(无忧无虑的,没有危险的); securus直接进入英语产生了词汇secure,而经由古法语sur进入英语则产生了-sur-。

【同源单词】：assurance, assure, ensure, insurance, insurant

词根：-tach-, -tack-

【词根含义】：钉,扣件

【词根来源】：来源于古法语tache(钉,扣件)或其在古北部法语的变体taque;而其复合词atachier和attaquer分别是英语attach和attack的词源。

【同源单词】：attach, attachment, detach, tack¹, attack

词根：-tact-, -ting-, -tang-, -tag-

【词根含义】：接触

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus(接触)。

【同源单词】：contact, intact, tact, tactful, contaminate

词根：-tain-, -ten-, -tin-

【词根含义】：握,持有

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus(握,持有)。

【同源单词】：abstain, attain, attainable, attainment, contain

词根：-techn-

【词根含义】：技术

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语tekhne(技术),tekton(木匠,建设者)和tekhnikos(技术的);进入拉丁语为technicus(技术的)。可追溯至原始印欧语tek-(做)。 

【同源单词】：architect, architecture, technical, technician, technique

词根：-tect-

【词根含义】：掩盖

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tego, tegere, texi, tectus(掩盖)。 

【同源单词】：detect, detection, detective, detector, protect

词根：-tel-, -tele-

【词根含义】：远

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语tele(远处的)。

【同源单词】：telecast, telecommunications, telegram, telegraph, telephone

词根：-temp-

【词根含义】：时间

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词tempus, temporis, n(时间)。

【同源单词】：contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, extempore, extemporize

词根：-tend-, -tent-, -tens-

【词根含义】：延伸

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensus or tentus(伸延),可追溯至原始印欧语ten-(伸延)。

【同源单词】：attend, attendance, attendant, contend, distend

词根：-term-, -termin-

【词根含义】：限定

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词terminus, termini, n(界限)和拉丁语动词termino, terminare, terminavi, terminatus(限定)。

【同源单词】：term, determination, determine, exterminate, terminable

词根：-terr-

【词根含义】：土地;恐惧

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词terra, -ae, f(土地)和动词terreo, -ere, -ui, -itus(恐惧)。

【同源单词】：Mediterranean, terrain, terraqueous, terrible, terribly

词根：-test-

【词根含义】：证据,验证

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词testis(目击,证人)和拉丁语动词testor, testari, testatus, sum(作证)。

【同源单词】：contest, contestant, protest, testify

词根：-text-

【词根含义】：编制

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tex.o, tex.ere, tex.ui, text.us(建造,编制),可追溯至原始印欧语tek-(做)。

【同源单词】：context, pretext, text, textbook, textile

词根：-therm-, -thermo-

【词根含义】：热

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语形容词thermos(热的)。

【同源单词】：thermometer

词根：-toler-

【词根含义】：忍受,忍耐

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus(忍受,忍耐),可追溯至原始印欧语tol-(举,携带)。

【同源单词】：intolerance, intolerant, tolerable, tolerance, tolerant

词根：-tom-

【词根含义】：切,割

【同源单词】：anatomy, atom, atomic

词根：-ton-

【词根含义】：声音

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语tonos(拉伸,弹性→声音),其语义的转移来自于“张紧琴弦以发声”的概念,在拉丁语中为tonus(声音),进入古法语为ton。

【同源单词】：intonation, monotone, monotonous, monotony, tone

词根：-tort-

【词根含义】：扭,拧

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词torqu.eo, torqu.ere, tors.i, tort.us(扭,拧)。

【同源单词】：contort, contortion, distort, distortion, extort

词根：-tour-

【词根含义】：迂回,转

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词torn.us, torn.i, m(车床,转动),进入古法语为tour(迂回)。

【同源单词】：attorney, contour, detour, return, tornado

词根：-tract-

【词根含义】：拉,引

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词traho, trahere, traxi, tractus(拉)。

【同源单词】：abstract, abstraction, attract, attraction, attractive

词根：-tribu-, -tribut-

【词根含义】：交给

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus(交给)。

【同源单词】：attributable, attribute, contribute, contribution, distribute

词根：-turb-, -turbul-

【词根含义】：混乱,骚扰

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词turbare(打扰)和turbulare(荒凉的,混杂的)。

【同源单词】：disturb, disturbance, trouble, turbine, turbulence

词根：-tut-, -tuit-

【词根含义】：监护,看管

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词tueor/tuor, tueri, tuitus/tutus, sum(监护,看管)。

【同源单词】：tutor, tutorial, intuition, tuition

词根：-un-, -uni-

【词根含义】：单一

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语un.us, un.a, un.um(一个)和uni.o(单一)。可追溯至原始印欧语oinos(一)。

【同源单词】：unanimous, unify, unique, one, onion

词根：-und-

【词根含义】：溢出

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词unda, -ae, f (波)。

【同源单词】：abound, abundance, abundant, jocund, redundant

词根：-us-, -util-, -ut-

【词根含义】：用

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词usus(用,用法)、动词utor, uti, usus, sum(使用)和形容词util.is(有用的)。

【同源单词】：abuse, misuse, use, used, useful

词根：-vac-, -vacu-, -van-, -void-

【词根含义】：空

【词根来源】：-vac-来源于拉丁语动词vac.o, vac.are, vac.avi, vac.atum(空);-vacu-来源于拉丁语动词vacuo, -are, -avi, -atus(使空); -van-来源于拉丁语形容词van.us, van.a, van.um(空);-void-来源于古法语vuide(空的)。均可追溯至原始印欧语wan-(缺乏的)。

【同源单词】：vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacationist

词根：-vad-, -vas-

【词根含义】：走

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词vado, vadere, vasi, -(走)。

【同源单词】：evade, invade, pervade, waddle, wade

词根：-vag-

【词根含义】：漫游

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词vagus, vaga, vagum(漫游的)或动词vagor, vagari, vagatus, sum(流浪,漫游)。 

【同源单词】：divagate, extravagant, extravaganza, vagabond, vagarious

词根：-val-

【词根含义】：强壮;价值

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词valeo, valere, valui, valitus(强壮,价值)。

【同源单词】：avail, available, countervail, devaluate, devaluation

词根：-vari-

【词根含义】：变化

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词vari.us, vari.a, vari.um(多样化的,可变的)。

【同源单词】：invariable, invariably, variable, variation, varied

词根：-velop-

【词根含义】：包,裹住

【词根来源】：来源于古法语voloper(包裹)。

【同源单词】：develop, development, envelop, envelope

词根：-venge-

【词根含义】：报复

【词根来源】：来源于古法语vengier(报复),可追溯至拉丁语动词vindico, -are(讨回,解放,诉冤)。

【同源单词】：avenge, avenger, revenge, revengeful, vengeance

词根：-ver-

【词根含义】：真实

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词ver.us, ver.a, ver.um(真实的)和名词ver.um, ver.i, n(真实)。

【同源单词】：verdict, verify, verisimilar, verity, very

词根：-verb-

【词根含义】：言,词

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词verb.um, verb.i, n(言,词)。

【同源单词】：adverb, proverb, verb, verbal, verbatim

词根：-vert-, -vers-

【词根含义】：转

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词verto, vertere, verti, versus(转)。

【同源单词】：advertise, advertisement, avert, controvert, convert

词根：-vest-

【词根含义】：衣服

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词vest.is, vest.is,f(衣服)和拉丁语动词vest.io, vest.ire, vest.ivi, vest.itus(穿衣)。可追溯至原始印欧语wes-。

【同源单词】：divest, invest, investment, investor, travesty

词根：-vi-, -vey-, -via-

【词根含义】：路

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词via, viae, f(道路,旅程,方式)。

【同源单词】：deviate, deviation, deviationist, devious, obviate

词根：-vict-, -vinc-

【词根含义】：征服,战胜

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词vict.or.ia, vict.or.iae, f(胜利)或动词vinco, vincere, vici, victus(战胜,克服)。

【同源单词】：convict, conviction, evict, eviction, victim

词根：-vid-, -vis-

【词根含义】：看见

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词video, videre, vidi, visus(看见),可追溯至原始印欧语woid-, weid-, wid-(看见,知道)。

【同源单词】：envy, evidence, evident, evidently, improvident

词根：-vig-, -veget-

【词根含义】：活力

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词vigere/vegere(活跃,使有活力)及其派生的vegetare(使活跃)。

【同源单词】：vigor, vigorous, vegetable, vegetarian, vegetation

词根：-viv-, -vit-

【词根含义】：活

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词vivo, vivere, vixi, victus(活,生存),以及形容词vivus, viva, vivum(活的)派生的vita(生命)。

【同源单词】：revival, revive, survival, survive, survivor

词根：-voc-, -vok-

【词根含义】：声音,叫喊

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语中名词vox, vocis, f(声音,嗓音)及其派生的动词voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus(叫)。

【同源单词】：advocacy, advocate, advocator, convocation, equivocal

词根：-vol-, -volunt-

【词根含义】：自愿,意愿

【词根来源】：分别来源于拉丁语动词volo, velle, volui(愿意,想要)和名词voluntas, -atis, f(意志,愿望)。

【同源单词】：benevolence, benevolent, malevolence, malevolent, unwilling

词根：-volv-, -volut-

【词根含义】：卷动

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词volvo, volvere, volvi, volutus(卷动)。

【同源单词】：convolve, evolve, involve, involved, involvement

词根：-vor-

【词根含义】：吞咽

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词voro, vorare, voravi, voratus(吞咽)。

【同源单词】：devour

词根：-vot-

【词根含义】：发誓;渴望

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词voveo, vovere, vovi, votus发誓,渴望。

【同源单词】：devote, devotion, vote, voter, vow

词根：-xyl-

【词根含义】：木

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语xulon(木)。

【同源单词】：xylophone

词根：-act-, -ag-, -ig-

【词根含义】：做,行动; 驾驶,引导

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词ago, agere, egi, actus(行动)。

【同源单词】：act, acting, action, activate, active

词根：-art-

【词根含义】：技巧,关节

【词根来源】：-art-来源于拉丁语ars, art.is, f(技巧)和art.us(关节,肢); 可追溯至原始印欧语ar-(组装,连接,配合)。

【同源单词】：art, artful, article, articulate, artificial

词根：-arthr-

【词根含义】：关节

【词根来源】：-arthr-来源于希腊语arthron(关节); 可追溯至原始印欧语ar-(组装,连接,配合)。

【同源单词】：anarthrous, arthritis

词根：-arm-

【词根含义】：武器

【词根来源】：-arm-来源于拉丁语名词arm.a(武器,工具)或动词arm.are(武装)。可追溯至原始印欧语ar-(组装,连接,配合)。

【同源单词】：alarm, arm, armada, armament, armed

词根：-aug-, -auct-

【词根含义】：增加

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词augeo, augere, auxi, auctus增加,扩大。

【同源单词】：augment, augmentation, augmentative, August, auxiliary

词根：-augur-

【词根含义】：占卜

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词augur.o, augur.are, augur.avi, augurat.us占卜,预言。

【同源单词】：augur, augury, inaugurate

词根：-circ-

【词根含义】：圆,环

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语circus, -i, m(圆,环)。

【同源单词】：circle, circular, circulate, circulation, circus

词根：-cycl-

【词根含义】：圆

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语cyclus, cycli, m(圆)。

【同源单词】：bicycle, cycle, cyclist, recyclable, recycle

词根：-col-, -cult-, -colon-

【词根含义】：耕种,培育; 殖民

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词colo, colere, colui, cult.us(居住,耕作), 过去分词词干为-cult-；此动词在拉丁语中的派生词有colonus(农夫,耕种者)和colonia(殖民地), 其词干为-colon-。

【同源单词】：agricultural, agriculture, agriculturist, aquaculture, cultivate

词根：-crit-, -cern-

【词根含义】：判断,区分,决定

【词根来源】：-crit-来源于希腊语中krinein(决定)派生的kritikos(能做判断的人); -cern-和-cert-来源于拉丁语动词cern.o, cern.ere, crevi, cret.us/cert.us(判断,区分),从“判断/区分”引申出“确信”的含义。

【同源单词】：crisis, criterion, critic, critical, criticise

词根：-cert-

【词根含义】：确信

【词根来源】：-cern-和-cert-来源于拉丁语动词cern.o, cern.ere, crevi, cret.us/cert.us(判断,区分),从“判断/区分”引申出“确信”的含义。

【同源单词】：ascertain, certain, certainly, certainty, certificate

词根：-dom-

【词根含义】：房子,家,主人

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词dom.us(房子,家)和domin.us(房子的主人→主人→统治者),可追溯至原始印欧语domo-,domu-(建造)。

【同源单词】：astrodome, domain, dome, domestic, domesticate

词根：-domin-

【词根含义】：统治

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词dom.us(房子,家)和domin.us(房子的主人→主人→统治者),可追溯至原始印欧语domo-,domu-(建造)。

【同源单词】：dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, Poseidon

词根：-em-, -empt-, -sum-, -sumpt-

【词根含义】：拿,买

【词根来源】：-em-, -empt-, -sum-, -sumpt-(拿,买)来源于拉丁语动词emo, emere, emi, emptus(拿,买)和sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus(拿,买);而sumere是由sub-(下,低)和emere(拿,买)组成的复合动词。

【同源单词】：example, exemplar, exemplary, exemplify, redeem

词根：-sum-

【词根含义】：最高,总

【词根来源】：-sum-(最高,总)来源于拉丁语super(上,超过)的最高级supmus派生的summus(最高的);古罗马人计数时喜欢从底下向上数每一柱的数字,然后把总数放在顶部,所以summus不仅有“最高的”意义,还有“总的”意义。

【同源单词】：assume, assuming, consume, consumer, consuming

词根：-fa-, -phe-, -pha-, -fe-

【词根含义】：说

【词根来源】：-pha-和-phe-来源于希腊语,而-fa-和-fe-来源于拉丁语。由-fa-和-fe-衍生的词根还有: ① -fab- 说,寓言,传说 (来源于拉丁语fabula寓言,传说); ② -fam- 名声,名誉 (来源于拉丁语fama流言,名誉 ← 说的人多了,就有名声了); ③ -fant- 说 (来源于拉丁语infans, infantis, m婴儿 ← 婴儿是不能说话的,所以带有否定前缀in-); ④ -fat- 命运 (来源于拉丁语fatum神的话语 → 神说的是命中注定的); ⑤ -fess- 表白 (来源于拉丁语动词fateor, fateri, fassus, sum表白,承认)。

【同源单词】：defamatory, defame, fable, fabulist, fabulous

词根：-fab-

【词根含义】：说,寓言,传说

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语fabula寓言,传说。由-fa-和-fe-衍生出的词根。

【同源单词】：fable, fabulist, fabulous

词根：-fam-

【词根含义】：名声,名誉

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语fama流言,名誉 ← 说的人多了,就有名声了。由-fa-和-fe-衍生出的词根。

【同源单词】：defamatory, defame, fame, famous, infamous

词根：-fant-

【词根含义】：说

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语infans, infantis, m婴儿 ← 婴儿是不能说话的,所以带有否定前缀in-。由-fa-和-fe-衍生出的词根。

【同源单词】：infant, infantry

词根：-fat-

【词根含义】：命运

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语fatum神的话语 → 神说的是命中注定的。由-fa-和-fe-衍生出的词根。

【同源单词】：fatal, fatality, fate, fateful

词根：-fess-

【词根含义】：表白

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fateor, fateri, fassus, sum表白,承认。由-fa-和-fe-衍生出的词根。

【同源单词】：confess, confession, confessional, profess, profession

词根：-fus-, -fund-

【词根含义】：熔,注

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词fundo, fundere, fundi, fusus(熔,注)。

【同源单词】：confuse, confusion, diffuse, diffusion, diffusive

词根：-fund-

【词根含义】：底部,基础

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语fundo, fundare, fundavi, fundatus(底部,基础)以及名词fundus, fundi, m(基础)。

【同源单词】：found, foundation, fund, fundamental, funding

词根：-habit-

【词根含义】：居住;习惯

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatus(居住)。

【同源单词】：cohabit, habit, habitant, habitat, habitual

词根：-hibit-

【词根含义】：持,握

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词habeo, habere, habui, habitus(持有)。

【同源单词】：exhibit, exhibition, exhibitionist, inhibit, inhibition

词根：-her-, -hes-

【词根含义】：粘着,粘附

【词根来源】：-her-和-hes-来源于拉丁语动词haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus(粘着,粘附); haerere(粘着,粘附)的潜在意义还有两方面,一为“阻止”或“口吃”而造成说话做事不敏捷、不果断,此意义下的派生词haesitare(粘附,犹豫)产生的英语词根为-hesit-(犹豫);一为“粘附于上”→“继承,遗传”, 此意义下的派生词hereditare (继承,遗传)产生的英语词根有-heredit-和-herit-。

【同源单词】：adhere, adherence, adherent, cohere, coherence

词根：-hesit-

【词根含义】：犹豫

【词根来源】：-her-和-hes-来源于拉丁语动词haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus(粘着,粘附); haerere(粘着,粘附)的潜在意义还有两方面,一为“阻止”或“口吃”而造成说话做事不敏捷、不果断,此意义下的派生词haesitare(粘附,犹豫)产生的英语词根为-hesit-(犹豫);一为“粘附于上”→“继承,遗传”, 此意义下的派生词hereditare (继承,遗传)产生的英语词根有-heredit-和-herit-。

【同源单词】：hesitant, hesitate, hesitation

词根：-heredit-, -herit-

【词根含义】：继承,遗传

【词根来源】：-her-和-hes-来源于拉丁语动词haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus(粘着,粘附); haerere(粘着,粘附)的潜在意义还有两方面,一为“阻止”或“口吃”而造成说话做事不敏捷、不果断,此意义下的派生词haesitare(粘附,犹豫)产生的英语词根为-hesit-(犹豫);一为“粘附于上”→“继承,遗传”, 此意义下的派生词hereditare (继承,遗传)产生的英语词根有-heredit-和-herit-。

【同源单词】：hereditarian, hereditary, hereditism, heredity, heritable

词根：-homo-

【词根含义】：同,同一

【词根来源】：-homo-来源于希腊语homos(相同的)及其派生词homoios(相似的)。

【同源单词】：homogeneous, homophone, homosexual

词根：-sembl-, -simul-, -simil-

【词根含义】：相似,相同,同时

【词根来源】：-simil-来源于拉丁语形容词simil.is, simil.is, simil.e(相似的);-sembl-来源于拉丁语形容词simil.is在古法语中派生的sembler(相似);-simul-来源于拉丁语simul(同时)。可追溯至原始印欧语sm-,sem-,som-(相同的)。

【同源单词】：assemble, assembly, disassemble, dissemble, resemblance

词根：-lav-, -lut-

【词根含义】：洗

【词根来源】：-lav-和-lut-来源于拉丁语动词lav.o, lav.are, lav.i, laut.um(洗); 由拉丁语动词luere(释放,还债;清洗)所派生。动词lav.are是动词luere的变体。

【同源单词】：lavatory, lave, lavish, ablution, antediluvian

词根：-solv-, -solut-

【词根含义】：解开,放松;溶解

【词根来源】：-solv-和-solut-来源于拉丁语动词solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus(解开,溶解)。由拉丁语动词luere(释放,还债;清洗)所派生。动词lav.are是动词luere的变体;而动词solvere由动词luere加前缀复合而成。

【同源单词】：absolve, dissolve, insolvent, resolvability, resolve

词根：-log-

【词根含义】：说话,推理,计算

【词根来源】：-log-来源于希腊语logos, ou, o(说话,推理,计算)和logistikos(精于计算的,精于推理的)。

【同源单词】：analog, analogous, analogy, apologize, apology

词根：-locut-, -loqu-, -logu-

【词根含义】：说话

【词根来源】：-locut-, -loqu-, -logu-来源于拉丁语动词loquor, loqui, locutus, sum(说话)。

【同源单词】：circumlocution, elocution, interlocution, colloquial, eloquence

词根：-lumin-, -luc-, -lustr-

【词根含义】：光,照

【词根来源】：-lumin-来源于拉丁语动词lumino, luminare, luminavi, luminatus(光,照)或拉丁语名词lumen, luminis, n(日光); -luc-来源于拉丁语动词luceo, lucere, luxi, -(发光)或拉丁语名词lux, lucis, f(光); -lustr-来源于拉丁语动词lustro, lustrare, lustravi, lustratus(照明); 可追溯到原始印欧语leuk, louk, luk。

【同源单词】：illuminance, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine

词根：-lun-

【词根含义】：月亮

【词根来源】：-lun-来源于拉丁语名词名词luna, lunae, f(月亮)。可追溯到原始印欧语leuk, louk, luk。

【同源单词】：lunacy, lunar, lunate, lunatic

词根：-magn-

【词根含义】：大

【词根来源】：-magn-来源于拉丁语形容词magnus, magna(大的)。

【同源单词】：magnificent, magnify, magnitude, majesty, major

词根：-mega-

【词根含义】：巨大的,兆,百万

【词根来源】：-mega-来源于希腊语megas(巨大的)。

【同源单词】：acromegaly, megaphone

词根：-min-, -mini-

【词根含义】：小

【词根来源】：-min-和-mini-来源于拉丁语形容词parv(小的)的比较级minor(阳性和阴性)和minus(中性)、最高级minimum,以及拉丁语动词minuo, minuere, minui, minutus(缩小,减少)。

【同源单词】：diminish, diminutive, minimal, minimise, minimize

词根：-ministr-

【词根含义】：服务

【词根来源】：-ministr-来源于拉丁语动词ministro, -are, -avi, -atum(伺候,服务)。

【同源单词】：administration, administrative, administrator, ministry

词根：-ov-

【词根含义】：卵,蛋

【词根来源】：-ov-来源于中世纪拉丁语oval(蛋形的)。

【同源单词】：oviparous

词根：-ovar-

【词根含义】：卵巢

【词根来源】：-ovar-来源于现代拉丁语ovarium, ovarii, n(卵巢)。

词根：-ped-

【词根含义】：足;儿童

【词根来源】：原始印欧语ped-,pod-(足)在希腊语中的派生词有pous(足)和pedon(土壤,儿童,足);在拉丁语中的派生词有pes, ped.is, m(足)和pod.ium(阳台,剧场的包厢)等。

【同源单词】：biped, centipede, expedient, expedite, expedition

词根：-pod-

【词根含义】：足

【词根来源】：原始印欧语ped-,pod-(足)在希腊语中的派生词有pous(足)和pedon(土壤,儿童,足);在拉丁语中的派生词有pes, ped.is, m(足)和pod.ium(阳台,剧场的包厢)等。

【同源单词】：foot, pew, podiatrist, podium

词根：-plaud-, -plaus-

【词根含义】：拍手

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词plaudo, plaudere, plausi, plausus(拍手,打击)。

【同源单词】：applaud, plaudit, applause, applausive, plausibility

词根：-plod- , -plos-

【词根含义】：爆裂

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语-plodere (过去分词 -plosus) "burst", from plaudere "clap, clap the hands, applaud", but now only use its figurative sense "burst"; 引申自雷鸣般的掌声, 爆炸般的掌声。

【同源单词】：explode, implode, explosion, explosive

词根：-pri-, -prem-, -prin-, -prim-

【词根含义】：首要

【词根来源】：pri-, -prem-, -prin-, -prim来源于拉丁语形容词prim.us, prim.a, prim.um(第一)和pri.or, pri.or, pri.us(优先)以及拉丁语名词principium, -ii, n(开端); 可追溯至原始印欧语*pro(从前,前面)。

【同源单词】：prior, priority, premier, principal, primarily

词根：-proto-

【词根含义】：第一,原始,前

【词根来源】：-proto-来源于拉丁语形容词protos(第一的,原始的)。可追溯至原始印欧语*pro(从前,前面)。

【同源单词】：prototype

词根：-qual-

【词根含义】：性质,特征

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语qui(什么,多少)。-qual-来源于由qui和形容词词尾-alis组成的qualis(什么种类的),及由此派生的拉丁语名词qualitas和动词qualificare。

【同源单词】：qualification, qualified, qualify, qualitative, quality

词根：-quant-

【词根含义】：量,数量

【词根来源】：-quant-来源于拉丁语中由qui(什么,多少)派生的quantus(几何,多少)和quantitas(量,范围)。

【同源单词】：quantify, quantitative, quantity

词根：-radi-, -radio-

【词根含义】：射线,放射

【词根来源】：-radi-和-radio-来源于拉丁语名词rad.ius, rad.i, m(射线,放射)。

【同源单词】：radiant, radiate, radius, ray, radio

词根：-radic-

【词根含义】：根

【词根来源】：-radic-来源于拉丁语名词rad.ix, rad.icis, f(根)。

【同源单词】：eradicate, radical

词根：-reg-, -regn-

【词根含义】：统治,规则

【词根来源】：-reg-和-rect-来源于拉丁语动词rego, regere, rexi, rectus(统治);-regn-来源于拉丁语动词regno, regnare, regnavi, regnatus(统治)。

【同源单词】：assurgent, deregulation, insurgency, insurgent, irregular

词根：-rect-

【词根含义】：正,直

【词根来源】：-rect-来源于拉丁语动词rego, regere, rexi, rectus。

【同源单词】：address, correct, correction, correctly, direct

词根：-rig-

【词根含义】：刚硬

【词根来源】：-rig-来源于拉丁语动词rigeo, rigere, -, -(刚硬)和形容词rigidus, rigida, rigidum(严厉的)。

【同源单词】：rigid, rigidity, rigor, rigorous

词根：-sec-, -sect-, -seg-

【词根含义】：切割

【词根来源】：-sec-/-sect-/-seg-来源于拉丁语动词seco, secare, secui, sectus(切割)。

【同源单词】：skin, insect, insecticide, intersection, section

词根：-sex-

【词根含义】：性

【词根来源】：-sex-来源于拉丁语sexus(性),因人类被“切割”而分为男性和女性。

【同源单词】：homosexual, sex, sexual, sexy

词根：-sist-, -stat-, -sta-, -st-

【词根含义】：站立,放置

【词根来源】：-sist-, -stat-, -sta-和-st-来源于拉丁语动词sisto, sistere, steti, status(安置,站立)和sto, stare, steti, status(站立,放置),以及拉丁语名词statio, stationis, f(站立); 可追溯至原始印欧语sta-(站)。

【同源单词】：assist, coexistence, consist, consistency, consistent

词根：-statu-, -stitut-, -stitu-, -statut-

【词根含义】：创建,建立

【词根来源】：-statu-, -stitut-, -stitu-, -statut-来源于拉丁语中由动词stare(站立,放置)的过去分词status派生的动词statuo, statuere, statui, statutus(创建,建立)。可追溯至原始印欧语sta-(站)。

【同源单词】：statue, constitute, constitution, constitutional, institute

词根：-spec-, -specul-, -spic-, -spect-

【词根含义】：看

【词根来源】：-spec-/-spect-/-specul-(看)来源于拉丁语动词specere, spectare和speculari,均有"看","观察"的意义;-spic-(看)来源于specere的变体spicere(只在拉丁语复合词中出现)。可追溯至原始印欧语spek-(看)。

【同源单词】：despite, especially, special, specialisation, specialise

词根：-spec-

【词根含义】：种;特别

【词根来源】：-spec-作“种;特别”的意义时,来源于拉丁语中动词specere(看)派生的species(外观,种类)和specialis(特定类型的)。可追溯至原始印欧语spek-(看)。

【同源单词】：despite, especially, special, specialisation, specialise

词根：-stingu-, -stinct-

【词根含义】：刺,扑灭

【词根来源】：-stingu-和-stinct-来源于拉丁语复合动词诸如distinguere(区分), extinguere(扑灭)和intinguere(驱赶)等中出现的基本形式stinguo, stinguere, stinxi, stinctus(刺,扑灭)；可追溯至原始印欧语stig-,steig-(刺,戳)。

【同源单词】：distinguish, distinguishable, distinguished, extinguish, distinct

词根：-stimul-

【词根含义】：刺

【词根来源】：-stimul-来源于拉丁语动词stimulo, stimulare, stimulavi, stimulatus(刺)。可追溯至原始印欧语stig-,steig-(刺,戳)。

词根：-trem-

【词根含义】：发抖

【词根来源】：-trem-来源于拉丁语史前词根trem-派生的动词tremo, tremere, tremui, -(发抖)或名词tremor, tremoris, m(发抖)或形容词tremulus(发抖的)。

【同源单词】：tremble, tremendous, tremor, tremulous

词根：-tim-

【词根含义】：害怕

【词根来源】：-tim-来源于拉丁语动词timeo, timere, timui, -(害怕)。

【同源单词】：intimidate, intimidation, intimidator, timid, timidity

词根：-ven-

【词根含义】：来

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词venio, venire, veni, ventus(来)。

【同源单词】：avenue, contravene, convene, convenience, convenient

词根：-vent-

【词根含义】：来;风

【词根来源】：“来”的意义来源于拉丁语动词venio, venire, veni, ventus(来);“风”的意义来源于拉丁语名词ventus, venti, n(风)。

【同源单词】：advent, adventitious, adventure, adventurer, adventurous

前缀：a-

【词根含义】：在,到;来,临近;离开;否定;副词前缀;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于古英语和中古英语a-, an, on。

【同源单词】：aboard, abroad, acentric, across, ago

前缀：ab-

【词根含义】：分离,脱离;相反;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀ab-。

【同源单词】：abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, abdicate, aberrance

前缀：abs-

【词根含义】：分离,脱离

【词根来源】：ab-的变体,只用在c和t前。

【同源单词】：abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstract, abstraction

前缀：ac-

【词根含义】：来,临近;加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在c前。

【同源单词】：accede, accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, accelerometer

前缀：ad-

【词根含义】：来,临近;朝,向,趋向;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀ad-。

【同源单词】：adapt, adaptable, adaptation, adaptive, addict

前缀：af-

【词根含义】：来,临近;加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在f前。

【同源单词】：affect, affectation, affected, affection, affectionate

前缀：ag-

【词根含义】：来,临近;加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在g前。

【同源单词】：aggravate, aggregate, aggregation, aggress, aggression

前缀：al-

【词根含义】：来,临近;方向;加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在l前。

【同源单词】：alarm, allegation, allege, allegedly, allegiance

前缀：all-

【词根含义】：其它,不同

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语allos(其它,不同)。

【同源单词】：allergic, allergy

前缀：am-

【词根含义】：来,临近;加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在m前。

【同源单词】：ammunition

前缀：amph-, amphi-

【词根含义】：两,两者,周围

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语amph-, amphi-

前缀：an-

【词根含义】：无,不;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀an-或希腊语前缀un-。

【同源单词】：anarchic, anarchism, anarchy, anarthrous, annex

前缀：ana-

【词根含义】：向上,向后;反对;类似

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语和拉丁语中的前缀ana-。

【同源单词】：analog, analogous, analogue, analogy, anatomy

前缀：ance-, ante-

【词根含义】：前

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语副词ante(前,过去)。

【同源单词】：ancestor, ancestral, ancient, antecede, antecedent

前缀：ant-, anti-

【词根含义】：反对,抗,防

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语ant-, anti-。

【同源单词】：antibiotic, antipathy

前缀：ap-

【词根含义】：加强或引申意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在p前。

【同源单词】：apparent, appeal, appealing, appear, appearance

前缀：aph-, apo-

【词根含义】：来自,离开

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语aph-, apo-

【同源单词】：apologize, apology

前缀：ar-

【词根来源】：ad-的变形,用在r前

【同源单词】：arrange, arrangement, arrest, arrive

前缀：as-

【词根含义】：来,临近,加强意义

【词根来源】：ad-的变体

【同源单词】：ascertain, assault, assemble, assembly, assent

前缀：at-

【词根来源】：ad-的变体,用在t前

【同源单词】：attach, attachment, attack, attain, attainable

前缀：auto-

【词根含义】：自己

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语autos(自己)

【同源单词】：autobiography, automobile, autonomy

前缀：be-

【词根含义】：动词前缀

【词根来源】：来源于哥特语或古高地德语bi-, bi(附近,大约)。

【同源单词】：become, befool, behalf, behave, behaviour

前缀：bene-, beni-

【词根含义】：好

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语形容词bene(好的)

【同源单词】：benefaction, benefactor, benefit, benevolence, benevolent

前缀：bi-

【词根含义】：两,二

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语bi-。

【同源单词】：biannual, bicentennial, bicorn, bicycle, biennial

前缀：by-

【词根含义】：在旁,次要的,附带的

【同源单词】：by-product, bygone, bystander

前缀：calli-

【词根含义】：漂亮

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语kallos(美人)或kalli-(漂亮的)。

【同源单词】：calligraphy

前缀：cat-, cata-, cath-

【词根含义】：相反,反对;向下,在下

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语kat-, kata-, kath-

【同源单词】：catalog, catalogue

前缀：chili-, chilli-

【词根含义】：千

前缀：circum-

【词根含义】：周围

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词circus(圆), 介词circum(大约)

【同源单词】：circuit, circuitous, circumambulate, circumcision, circumference

前缀：cis-

【词根含义】：在一边

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语介词cis(在一边)

前缀：co-

【词根含义】：共同,一起;加强意义

【词根来源】：com-的变体,来源于希腊语koinos(共同)。

【同源单词】：coagent, coexistence, cognition, cognitive, cognize

前缀：col-

【词根含义】：共同,一起;加强意义

【词根来源】：用于l前,com-的变体。

【同源单词】：collaborate, collaboration, collapse, colleague, collect

前缀：com-

【词根含义】：共同,一起;加强意义

【词根来源】：用于b, m, p前。

【同源单词】：accommodate, accommodation, accompany, accomplish, combat

前缀：con-

【词根含义】：共同,一起;加强意义

【词根来源】：用于c, d, f, g, j, n, q, s, t, v前,com-的变体。

【同源单词】：concave, conceal, concede, conceit, conceited

前缀：contra-

【词根含义】：反对,相反

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀contra-或介词contra(对抗)。

【同源单词】：contradict, contradiction, contrary, contrast, contravene

前缀：contro-

【词根含义】：反对,相反

【同源单词】：controversial, controversy, controvert, incontrovertible

前缀：cor-

【词根含义】：共同;加强意义

【词根来源】：用于r前,com-的变体。

【同源单词】：correct, correction, correctly, correlate, correlation

前缀：counter-

【词根含义】：相反,相对

【词根来源】：中古英语为countre-，来源于中古法语前缀contre-或副词contre。

【同源单词】：counteract, counteragent, counterfeit, counterpart, countervail

前缀：de-

【词根含义】：去掉,取消;向下,减少;否定,相反;离开,分离;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀de-。

【同源单词】：debate, debris, deburr, decadence, decay

前缀：dec-, deca-, decem-, deci-

【词根含义】：十,十倍;十分之一,分

【词根来源】：dec-用于元音前。  来源于希腊语deka(十)或拉丁语decem, decimus(十)。

【同源单词】：decennial

前缀：demi-

【词根含义】：半，次等

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语动词dimidiare(分两半)及其派生词dimidius(adj.半)

前缀：di-

【词根含义】：通过,横过;分离,分开;二,双

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀di-。

【同源单词】：antediluvian, digest, digestion, digestive, digress

前缀：dia-

【词根含义】：通过,横过;分离,分开;二,双

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀dia-。

【同源单词】：diagnose, diagnosis, diagram, dialect, dialog

前缀：dif-

【词根含义】：分离,分开

【词根来源】：=dis-,用在f前。

【同源单词】：differ, difference, different, differential, differentiate

前缀：dis-

【词根含义】：否定,相反;除去;分离,分开,散开;恶化;加强意义

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀dis-。

【同源单词】：disable, disabled, disadvantage, disadvantageous, disaffect

前缀：dys-

【词根含义】：困难,病

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀dys-

前缀：e-, ex-

【词根含义】：出,向外;向上

【词根来源】：e-用在b, c, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v前;ex-用在s前时,s常省略。来源于拉丁语前缀ex-。

【同源单词】：edit, edition, editor, editorial, educate

前缀：ec-

【词根来源】：=ex-,用在c前。  

【同源单词】：eccentric

前缀：ect-

【词根含义】：生物学名词

前缀：ef-

【词根来源】：=ex-,用在f前。

【同源单词】：effect, effective, effectively, effectuate, efferent

前缀：em-

【词根含义】：入,向内;饰以…,配以;使…

【同源单词】：embargo, embarrass, embarrassing, embarrassment, embattled

前缀：en-

【词根含义】：入,向内;不,无;饰以…,配以;使…;动词前加强意义

【同源单词】：enable, enact, enamour, encircle, enclose

前缀：endo-

【词根含义】：自,内;吸,收;桥

前缀：enne-

【词根含义】：九

前缀：ento-

【词根含义】：内部

前缀：ep-, epi-, eph-

【词根含义】：在…之间,之前,之上

【词根来源】：来源于梵语api(旁边),拉丁语ob(临近,前),希腊语epi(在…上)

【同源单词】：epidemic, epigram, epilogue

前缀：es-

【词根含义】：出,向外

【词根来源】：为ex-的变体

【同源单词】：escape, sample

前缀：eso-

【词根含义】：内

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语eso(内部)

前缀：eu-

【词根含义】：优,善,好

【同源单词】：eulogize, eulogy, euphemism, euphonious, euphony

前缀：exo-

【词根含义】：出,向外

前缀：extra-, extro-

【词根含义】：出,向外;超越

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语extra(出,向外)。

【同源单词】：extrasolar, extravagant, extravaganza, extrovert

前缀：fore-

【词根含义】：先,前

【词根来源】：来源于古英语副词fore。

【同源单词】：forecast, foremost, foretell, forward, forwards

前缀：hect-

【词根含义】：百

前缀：hemi-

【词根含义】：半

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语hemi-

【同源单词】：hemisphere

前缀：hept-

【词根含义】：七

前缀：hex-

【词根含义】：六

前缀：hyp-, hypo-

【词根含义】：不足,低,下

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语hypo-

【同源单词】：hypothesis, hypothetical

前缀：hyper-

【词根含义】：超过

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语hyper和拉丁语hyper-

前缀：il-, in-, ir-, im-

【词根含义】：不,无,非;入,向内

【词根来源】：(il-用于l前;im-用于b, m, p前;ir-用于r前;in-用于其它情况)   来源于拉丁语in。

【同源单词】：illegal, illegality, illegitimate, illiterate, illogical

前缀：infra-

【词根含义】：下,在下

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语infra(下)

【同源单词】：infrared, infrastructure

前缀：intel-

【词根含义】：中间,之间,相互

【词根来源】：inter-的变体,用在l前。

【同源单词】：intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent, intelligible

前缀：inter-

【词根含义】：中间,之间,相互

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语inter(之间,相互)。

【同源单词】：disinterested, enterprise, enterprising, entertain, entertainer

前缀：intra-

【词根含义】：内在

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语intra

前缀：intro-

【词根含义】：向内

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语intro，in-向内 + -tro方向。

【同源单词】：introduce, introduction, introversion, introvert

前缀：kat-, kata-

【词根来源】：同cat-, cata-。来源于希腊语kat-, kata-

前缀：ke-, ker-

【词根含义】：碰击或落地撞击声

前缀：kilo-

【词根含义】：千

【同源单词】：kilogram, kilogramme

前缀：mal-, male-, mali-

【词根含义】：坏,错误

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语malus(坏)

【同源单词】：malnutrition, malpractice, maltreat, malefactor, maleficent

前缀：met-, meta-

【词根含义】：转换,之间,之后,一起

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语meta(之间,之后,一起)，古英语mid, mith(一起)

前缀：mill-, milli-

【词根含义】：千分之一;千

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语名词mille(一千)的复数millia。

【同源单词】：millennium, mile, millimeter, million, millionaire

前缀：mini-

【词根含义】：小

前缀：mis-

【词根含义】：坏,错误,否定

【词根来源】：来源于古法语mes-

【同源单词】：misapprehend, misfortune, misguide, mislead, mistake

前缀：n-, ne-

【词根含义】：否定

【同源单词】：necessary, necessity

前缀：neo-

【词根含义】：新

前缀：nitr-, nitro-

【词根含义】：硝基

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语nitron或拉丁语nitrum(碱,苏打)

【同源单词】：nitrogen

前缀：non-

【词根含义】：否定

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语non

【同源单词】：nonpareil, nonsense

前缀：ob-

【词根含义】：相反;离开;对面;在...上面;来,临近;加强意义

【同源单词】：obdurate, obedience, obey, object, objection

前缀：oc-, op-, of-

【词根含义】：相反;离开;对面;来,临近;加强意义

【词根来源】：ob-的变体, oc-用在c前; of-用在f前; op-用在p前。

【同源单词】：occasion, occasional, occupant, occupation, occupy

前缀：oct-

【词根含义】：八

前缀：omni-

【词根含义】：所有的,公共的

【同源单词】：omnipotence, omnipotent

前缀：orth-

【词根含义】：正确,直

【同源单词】：orthodox

前缀：out-

【词根含义】：外

【词根来源】：来源于英语副词out。

【同源单词】：outcast, outflow, outlaw, outlet, outline

前缀：over-

【词根含义】：过分,在…上

【同源单词】：overcast, overcome, overdraft, overdraw, overdue

前缀：pan-

【词根含义】：总;全;泛

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语形容词pas, pasa, pan(全部的)。

【同源单词】：panacea, pandemic

前缀：panto-

【词根含义】：全

前缀：par-

【词根含义】：侧面;超越

【词根来源】：用于元音前    来源于希腊语para(在旁)。

【同源单词】：parallel

前缀：para-

【词根含义】：侧面;超越;保护,防

【词根来源】：作“侧面;超越”时,来源于希腊语para(在旁);作“保护,防”时,来源于拉丁语parare(安排,准备)。

【同源单词】：paradox, paragraph, parameter, parasol

前缀：pen-, pene-

【词根含义】：几乎

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语paene, pene(几乎)

【同源单词】：peninsula

前缀：penta-

【词根含义】：五

前缀：per-

【词根含义】：完全;贯穿,通过;每

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀per-。

【同源单词】：impertinent, pardon, pellucid, perceive, percent

前缀：peri-

【词根含义】：周围,近

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语peri

前缀：poly-

【词根含义】：多;复;聚

前缀：post-

【词根含义】：后;次

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语post。

【同源单词】：postgraduate, posthumous, postmeridian, postpone, postscript

前缀：pre-

【词根含义】：前,先

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语prae。

【同源单词】：precaution, precede, precedent, preceding, precise

前缀：preter-

【词根含义】：超过

前缀：pro-

【词根含义】：前;公开

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语和拉丁语pro。

【同源单词】：by-product, compromise, improvident, microprocessor, portrait

前缀：pros-

【词根来源】：来源于希腊语和后期拉丁语pros

前缀：pseud-

【词根含义】：伪, 假拟, 虚

前缀：quadr-, quadri-, quadru-

【词根含义】：四

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语quattuor(四)

【同源单词】：quadruped

前缀：quasi-

【词根含义】：准, 半, 类似

前缀：quinqu-

【词根含义】：五

前缀：re-

【词根含义】：再,重复;回,向后;相反,反对;离开

【同源单词】：arrest, correlate, correlation, correspond, correspondence

前缀：red-

【词根含义】：反复,再;回

【同源单词】：redemption, redundant

前缀：retro-

【词根含义】：向后

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语retro(re-回,再 + -tro方向)

【同源单词】：retrocede, retrograde, retrogress, retrospect, retrospective

前缀：se-

【词根含义】：分离

【同源单词】：secede, secession, secessionism, secrecy, secret

前缀：semi-

【词根含义】：半

【词根来源】：梵语为sami-，希腊语为hemi-，古高地德语为sami-，古英语为sam-

【同源单词】：semiconductor, semidome

前缀：sept-

【词根含义】：七

前缀：sex-, sexi-

【词根含义】：六

前缀：sub-

【词根含义】：下,低;副;由下向上;后面

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语sub。

【同源单词】：subaqua, subconscious, subdivide, subject, subjection

前缀：suc-, sus-, sup-, sug-, suf-

【词根含义】：下,低;由下向上

【词根来源】：均为sub-的变体:suc-用在c前,suf-用在f前,sup-用在p前,sus-用在s前,sug-用在g前。

【同源单词】：succeed, success, successful, succession, successive

前缀：super-

【词根含义】：上,超过

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语super。

【同源单词】：sovereign, super, superficial, superfluous, superior

前缀：sur-

【词根含义】：上,超过

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语super, 古法语sour-/sur-。

【同源单词】：assurgent, insurgency, insurgent, insurrection, resurrect

前缀：sy-, syn-, sym-, syl-

【词根含义】：共同,同时

【词根来源】：(sy-用于s, z之前;syl-用于l之前;sym-用于b, p, m之前;syn-用于其它)  来源于拉丁语syn-,希腊语syn或sun-(共同)。

【同源单词】：photosynthesis, synchronise, synchronize, synthesis, synthetic

前缀：ter-

【词根含义】：三

前缀：tetr-

【词根含义】：四

前缀：tra-, trans-

【词根含义】：转变,转换;横过,越过

【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语trans。

【同源单词】：traversable, traverse, travesty, transact, transaction

前缀：tri-

【词根含义】：三

【同源单词】：triangle, triangular, triceratops, trilingual, trilogy

前缀：twi-

【词根含义】：二

【词根来源】：来源于古英语twa, tu，在撒克逊语中为twi-，古高地德语为zwi-，古斯堪的纳维亚语为tvi, tve, 拉丁语为bi-，希腊语为di-

前缀：ultra-

【词根含义】：极端,过度

【同源单词】：ultramarine, ultrasonic, ultraviolet

前缀：un-

【词根含义】：否定

【词根来源】：在希腊语中为a-, an-,拉丁语中为in-,哥特语为un-,古斯堪的纳维亚语为u-,古高地德语为un-,古英语为ne。

【同源单词】：unable, unalienable, unassuming, unbearable, unceasing

前缀：under-

【词根含义】：在下,不足

【同源单词】：misunderstand, misunderstanding, underestimate, undergo, undergraduate

前缀：vice-

【词根含义】：副,次

【同源单词】：viscount

前缀：with-

【词根含义】：向后,背离,相对

【同源单词】：notwithstanding, withdraw, withhold, withstand

词根：radi-, -ray-, -rad-, -radio- = ray, beam 光线, 辐射

  来源拉丁语 radix /radius/radiare 光 / 辐射，-ray-,-rad-,-radio- 为 -radi- 的变体。它相应的希腊语词根为： -acti(n)-,-actino- 光,光线,呈放射状的,放射线的。

  （*拉丁文radius (= ray)。——英文字根字典）


同源词：

1. radiant （闪耀的rad(=ray)，-i- 连接符（又称为中缀），-ant形容词字尾）
  adj. 容光焕发的；辐射的
  radiate v.放射；散发
  radiation n.放射，散发；放射物
  radiator n.散热器；电炉
  radium n.镭 （-um = 拉丁字尾）
  radioactive adj.放射性的
  You had the most radiant smile as you crossed the finish line.你超过终点线进绽放出了最灿烂的笑容。

2. radar n.雷达，无线电探测器（来源于radio detecting and ranging）
  radar fence /screen 雷达网
  radar homing 雷达导航的
  radar installation 雷达装置
  follow the flight of an aircraft by radar 通过雷达追踪飞机

3. radial adj.光线；半径的；（自行车轮辐条等）放射状的 （能够发射光线的）
  radial tire 子午线轮胎

4. radius n.（圆、球的）半径；半径范围；（活动等的）范围（由中心所发的光能到达的范围）
  every tree within a radius of two miles 周围2英里的所有树木
  radius of action 行动范围

5. radiance;-ancy n.闪烁；发光

6. radio n.无线电报；无线电话；无线电广播；收音机

7. radioactive adj.有辐射能的；放射性的（主动辐射的）《active = 主动的》

8. radioactivity n.放射性；放射现象

9. radiology n.放射学；应用辐射学；放射线科《logy = stydy》

10. radiotelephone n.无线电话（机）《telephone = 电话机》

12. radiotherapy n.X光治疗法；放射线治疗法《therapy = 治疗法》

13. irradiate v.照耀；发出；照射（将光线投射在...上）《ir- = in- = on》

14. irradiation n.发光；光线；照射

15. irradiant adj.发光的；灿烂的

16. irradiance n.发光；光辉；灿烂

词根：-s- = be 在

  来源于拉丁语 sum (v.) 在。

同源词：

1. absent  [ab- 否，不 + -s- 在 + -ent (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的” →]
  adj. 不在的，缺席的，缺乏的

2. absence  [ab- 离开 + -s- 在 + -ence (n.) 名词后缀 → 离开所在的位置→]
  n.缺席，不注意

3. absentee  [ab- 离开 + -s- 在 + -ent (a.)后缀 + -ee (n.) 表“被…的人” →形容离开所在位置的人→]
  n.缺席者

4,presence  [pre- 先，前 + -s- 在 + -ence (n.)名词后缀 → 在很早以前就有的→]
  n.存在，在场，出席，面前

5. present  [pre- 先，前 + -s- 在 + -ent (a.) 表示“…的” → 提前到场的→]
  adj. 在场的，出席的，现在的

6. absently  [ab- 离开 + -ent (a.) + -s- 在 + -ly (ad.) 副词后缀，表示“…地” → 形容灵魂已离开自身的→]
  adv.茫然地，心不在焉地

词根：tric (trig) = trifle 琐碎

  来自拉丁语的tric意为trifle 琐碎,它的变形为trig。

同源词：

1. extricate（使摆脱小障碍物ex(=out) + tric(=petty obstacle)）
  vt.sb / sth + from + sth（从危险、困难中）救出，解救
  extrication n.解救
  extricable adj.可救出的
  We extricated our poor collie from the large fishing net on the beach. 我们在海边救出了我们那只可怜的被困在大渔网里的柯利狗。

2. intricate（里面存在小障碍物的in(=in) + tric(=petty obstacle)）
  adj.错综复杂的；难以理解的
  intricacy n.错综复杂
  intricately adv.复杂地
  Circuit diagrams are quite intricate——and not easy to understand.电路图相当复杂，让人难以理解。

3. intrigue（在里面放人小的障碍物in(=in) + trig<tric(=petty obstacle)）
  vt.策划阴谋；激起...的兴趣
  n.阴谋；密谋；私通
  intrigant n.阴谋者；私通者
  intriguing adj.激起兴趣的，引起好奇心的
  intriguingly adv.激起兴趣地，引起好奇心地
  I'm intrigued by the possibility of opening a small coffee shop.我对能否开一家小咖啡店产生了兴趣。

词根：spon, spond, spons(spous) = to promise 承诺

  来自拉丁语的spondere(=to promise,to answer),spondere 过去分词为sponsus,spond/spons的变形为spous。词根spond,spons 为  spon  的变体,有异形同义词根: jur,vot,vout,vow 承诺,发誓。

同源词：

1. despondent（从约定、期待、希望中脱离出来的de(=from) + spond(=promise)）
  adj.失望的，沮丧的
  despondency/despondence 失望，沮丧，意志消沉
  despondently adv.意志消沉地
  Despondent after a long illness,he took his own life last Tuesday .长期患病使他意志消沉，上星期二他自杀了。

2. responsive（作为酬答回应的 re(=back) + spons(=answer,promise,pledge)）
  adj.回答的，回应的；易于感动的
  respond v.应答；回应
  response n.应答；回应
  respondent n.被告；应答人
  The student was especially responsive in class that day. 这个学生在那天的课堂上表现得特别活跃。

3. correspond  [cor<com(=tegether) 一起，共同 + re-  + spond 承诺 ]
  v.(~to ) 与...对等（同等），（地位等）与...相当；与...一致，符合；通信
  The U.S. Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
  His actions do not correspond with his words. 他的言行不一致。

4. corresponding  [见上，-ing 后缀 ]
  adj.对应的，相当的；符合的，一致的；通信的 *cor<com(=tegether),re(=again)
  correspondingly adv.相应地，相当地；符合地；一致地
  corresponding period of last year 去年这个时候
  corresponding member （学会等的）通信会员

5. correspondence  [见上，-ence 名词后缀 ]
  n.一致，相似，对应；通信联系；信件
  correspondence course /school 函授课程/函授学校
  commercial correspondence 商业信函
  correspondence column （报纸上的）读者来信专栏
  get into correspondence with 开始与...通信联系

6. correspondent  [见上，-ent 后缀]
  n.通信者；（报社的）特派员，（特指远地区的）通讯记者（定期向报社投稿，提供地方新闻或特别报道）；客户
  good /bad (negligent) correspondent 勤于写信的人/不勤于写信的人
  our Moscow correspondent 本社莫斯科通讯记者
  foreign/war correspondent 海外特派员/战地记者

7. respond  [re- 再一次 +  spond 承诺 ]
  v.应答，回答；反应；（礼拜时会众的）例行应答 *re(again)

8. response  [re- 再次 + spons 承诺 + -e 后缀 ]
  n.应答，回答；反应；（礼拜时会众的）应答（或唱和）短诗 *re(again)
  in response to 对...反应，响应...

9. respondent  [见上,-ent 后缀]
  n.回答者；（离婚、上诉等案件中的）被告

10. responsible  [见上，-ible 后缀]
  adj.有责任的，应负责任的；责任重大的；可信赖的；（be responsible for）作为...原因的，对...负责的
  responsible government 负责任的政府
  Bad workmanship was responsible for the collapse of the block of flats. 施工质量差导致了公寓楼的坍塌。

11. responsibility  [见上，-ibility 名词后缀 ]
  n.责任，任务，义务

12. irresponsible  [ir<in(=not) + re-(=again) + ible 形容词后缀 ]
  adj.不承担责任的；不负责任的，无责任感的，不可靠的；无责任能力的
  irresponsible child 无责任能力的孩子
  irresponsible teenagers 无责任感的下几岁孩子
  irresponsible behavior 不负责任的行为

13. sponsor  [见上，-or 名词后缀 ]
  n.（贷款等的）保证人；赞助人；发起人；（选举候选人的）后援组织；（商业性节目的）赞助者
  v.赞助，发起，资助；成为（商业节目的）赞助商（约定保证的人）

14. spouse  [spous 承诺 + -e 后缀 ]
  n.配偶

15. espouse  [e- = ex- 出 + spous 承诺 + -e 后缀→ 承诺出来→ ]
  v.支持，信奉（主义、学说等）

16. espousal  [见上，-al 形容词后缀 →]
  n.支持，信奉 *e<ex(=out)

17. sponsion  [见上，-ion 名词后缀 → ]
  n.保证

18. despond  [de- = dis- =away  去掉 + spond 承诺,允诺 → 不再承诺 → 失望 →]
  v. 沮丧（停止束缚）

19. spontaneous  [spont=spond 承诺,允诺 + -aneous……的 → 自内心的承诺→]
  adj.自愿的，自发的；自然产生的（自内心承诺-->自愿的）

词根：sua, suad, suas(suav) = to persuade, to advise 劝告

  来自拉丁语的suadere(=to advise),过去分词为suasus。意为 to persuade,to advise 劝告,词根suas的变形为suav；词根suade 为  sua  的变体。

同源词：

1. dissuade（说服以使脱离dis(=away,from) + suad(=persuade,advise)）
  vt.sb + from + sth / ~ing 劝阻
  dissuasion n.劝阻；规劝
  dissuasive adj.劝阻的
  I tried to dissuade my son from learning to parachute,but in vain. 我曾试图说我儿子不要去学跳伞，但是没有用。

2. persuade  [per- 加强 + suade   劝告 → 一再劝告使 →]
  v.说服，使相信，劝服（某人做某事） *per(=through)
  persuadable adj.可以说服的

3. persuasion  [per- 加强 + suas 劝告 + -ion 名词后缀  → ]
  n.说服力；说服，劝说；信念；教派 *per(=through)
  It is my persuaion that~ (...是我的信念。)men of various persuasions 各种教派的人

4. persuasive  [per- 加强 + suas 劝告 + -ive 形容词后缀 →]
  adj.有说服力的 *per(=through)
  She has a persuasive manner. 她的态度很有说服力。

5. suasion  [suas 劝告 + -ion 名词后缀 ]
  n.说服；劝告
  moral suasion （非强制性的）道德劝说

6. suave  [suav 劝告 + -e 后缀 ]
  adj.精明练达的；圆滑的 *suav<suad(=persuade)
  suavity n.和蔼，柔和，温和；悦耳；适口；(pl.)文雅的举止

词根：plaud, plaus(plod, plos, plex) = strike（打, 击）, clap鼓掌

  来自拉丁语的plaudere,plodere(=to strike,to clap)——英文字根字典 ,意为to strike,to clap。plod,plos,plex是它们的变形。同义词根来自拉丁语的bat,flict,cuss,fend/fens(fenc,fest),lid/lis等和来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的sla。

同源词：

1. plausible （可以使其感动的 plaus(=strike)）
  adj.看似真实的，似乎有道理的；花言巧语的
  plausibility n.似乎有理，可信性
  There are several plausible explanations for the current global climate changes.针对目前全球气候的变化有几种似乎合的解释。

2. applaud  [ap-=ad- = to near + plaud 鼓掌]
  v.鼓掌欢迎；向...喝彩；称赞，赞同 *ap<ad(=to,near)

3. applause  [见上，-e 后缀 ]
  n.鼓掌欢迎；喝彩；称赞，赞同 *ap<ad(=to,near)
  general applause 全场喝彩
  win the applause of the audience.赢得听众的喝彩

4. plaudit  [plaud 鼓掌 + -it 后缀]
  n.鼓掌喝彩；称赞
  gratified at the plaudits of the audience 对听众的喝彩感到高兴

5. explode  [ex- 出来 + plod 打 + -e 后缀 ]
  v.使爆炸；爆发；（感情）迸发；推翻（意见、理论等）；戳穿；激增 *ex(=out)
  explode a bomb 引爆炸弹
  explode a superstition 破除迷信
  exploded idea 被驳倒的意见

6. explosion  [见上,-ion名词后缀 ]
  n.爆炸；（愤怒、笑声等的）爆发；激增
  population explosion after World War II 第二次世界大战后人口的激增

7. explosive  [见上，-ive 后缀]
  adj.易爆炸的，爆炸性的；爆发的
  n.炸药，爆炸物 *ex (=out)
  explosive substance 爆炸物
  high explosive 高性能炸药，烈性炸药

8. implosion  [im- = in 里面，内 + plos = plaud 打 + -ion 名词后缀 ]
  n.（电灯泡等因为外力而发生的）内向爆炸

9. apoplexy  [apo = away 离开 + plex = plaud 打 + -e 后缀 → 一个人的正常精神离开了正常状态，乱打七  → ]
  n.中风，卒中 *apo(=away)
  apoplectic adj. 中风的，患中风的；有中风迹象的，濒于中风的
  cerebral apoplexy 脑卒中

词根：pel, puls(peal) = to drive

  词根pel,puls来源于拉丁语 pellere(=to drive),过去分词为pulsus —— 英文根字典,意为 to drive ,这二个词根它们属于一对同源异形根，前者是此词的不定式词干，后者是此词的动名词词干。这对词根在英语中构词很有规律：前者加上前缀构成动词，后者则构成相应的名词和形容词。它们的变形为peal。同义词根有来自拉丁语的ig/ag/act 和flig。此外，来自拉丁语的意为 to lead 的duc/duct(du),men(mean) 以及来自希腊语的 agog 也有近似的含义。

同源词：

1. dispel（远远地驱逐或者分别撵 dis(=away) + pel(=drive)）
  vt. 驱走；驱散
  My father always told me that a glass of cold water dispels nightmares. 我爸爸经常跟我说一杯凉水可以赶走噩梦。

2. impel（在里面驱赶im<in(=in) + pel(=drive)）
  vt. sb + to do 驱使；迫使；催促；推进
  impulse n.推动（力）；（内心的）冲动
  impulsion n.冲动；推进
  impeller n.叶轮
  impulsive adj.冲动的；由冲动造成的
  He has billions,but fear impels him to earn more money. 他虽已有数十亿的财产，但恐惧驱使他去赚取更多的钱。

3. expulsion（向外撵、驱赶ex(=out) + puls(=drive)）
  n.驱逐，逐出；排除；除名，开除
  expel v.赶出，驱逐
  Disobedience of the rules will result in immediate expulsion from school. 违反校规的结果就是立即被学校开除。

4. repellent（向后驱赶re(=back) + pel(=drive)）
  adj.击退的；令人不愉快的，令人厌恶的
  n.驱虫剂
  repel v.驱赶；使不愉快
  repulse v.反击，击退；拒绝，回绝；(n.)击退；拒绝
  repulsive adj.令人厌恶的，令人不愉快的；击退的
  repulsion n.击退；厌恶，反感
  That woman has a repellant personality. I abhor her. 那个女人的性格令人反感，我很讨厌她。

5. appeal
  v.上诉；恳求；有吸引力 *ap<ad(=toward,to),peal<pel(=drive)

6. appellate
  adj.上诉的；受理上诉的 *ap<ad(=to,toward)
  appellate court 受理上诉的法院

7. compel
  v.迫使，强迫 *com(=with,together)

8. compulsion
  n.强迫，强制 *com(=with,together)

9. compulsive
  adj.强制性的，强迫的 *com(=with,together)
  compulsory education 义务教育
  compulsory service 义务兵役
  compulsory execution 强制执行
  compulsory purchase 强制性购买

10. propel
  v.推进 *pro(=forward)

11. propellant
  adj.推进的 n.推动者（物）；（枪炮的）发射火药；（火箭等的）推进燃料 *pro(=forward)

12. propeller
  n.推进器；螺旋桨 *pro(=forward)

13. pulse
  n.脉搏；有节奏的跳动 v.搏动；起伏（促使血液流通的振动）

14. pulsate
  v.跳动；搏动
  pulsation n.跳动；搏动

15. repeal
  v.废除（法律等），废止；撤销 *re(=back)

词根：eco(ecu, oce) = house（家）

  来源于希腊文 oikos(=house) 意为 house “房屋，家”。词根eco 加上希腊词 nomos（管理）,词根ecu,oce是它的变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的cas。


同源词：

1. ecumenical adj.普遍的；全基督教（会）的；促进全世界基督教团结的
  Local ministers formed an ecumenical youth group that's been quite popular.当地牧师们成立了一个颇具人气的全基督教青年团体。

2. ecology n.生态学 （研究环境的学问）《logy = study》
  ecologist n.生态学者

3. ecological adj.生态学的
  ecosystem n.生态系统
  the ecological effects of industry 工业的生态影响（如大气、河流污染等）；ecological allergy 生态过敏反应

4. economy  [词根eco 加上希腊词 nomos（管理）,构成”家政管理“，后来由“家政管理”引申到社会，变成了“整个国家的经济管理” ,由此有了经济，节约含义。]
  n.经济；（某个国家、地区或时期的）经济制度，经济结构；节约，节俭 *nom (=law)
  political economy 政治经济学；viable economy 独立经济；the totalitarian economies of Germany before the Second World War 第二次世界大战前德国的极权主义经济制度；economy class （特别指客机的）经济舱位，二等

舱位；economy of time and labor 时间和劳动力的节约 ;practice/use economy 节约

5. economic adj.经济（上）的，经济学的 *nom (=law)
  economic sanctions /zone /power/development/growth/independence经济制裁/区域/大国/发展/成长/独立；for economic reasons 因为经济原因

6. economical adj.节约（金钱、时间等）的；经济的；节俭的 *nom(=law)
  economically adv.经济地
  economical fire 经济燃料;be economical of time and energy节约时和能源

7. economics n.经济学；（国家的）经济情况 *nom (=law)
  econometrics n.计量经济学
  home economics 家政学

8. economist n.经济学者；节俭的人 *nom(=law)

9. economize v.节约 *nom(=law)
  economize by using buses instead of taking taxis不坐出租车，坐公交车省钱；economize on fuel 节约燃料

10. diocese n.主教辖区 *di<dia(=through),oce<eco(=house)
  diocesan adj.主教辖区的
  The bishop summoned all of the priests of his diocese.那个主教召集了辖区所有的牧师。

词根：ped(pod, pus, peach, patch, pet) = foot（足）

  来自拉丁语的pes/ pus 意为foot,来自希腊语的ped意为child。当ped意为foot 时，其变形为pod,pus,peach,patch,fet,pes,podi,pode,podo。

  （*拉丁文pes(=foot) ）——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. impediment（把脚放在里面im<in(=in) + ped(=foot)）
  n.妨碍，障碍；（口吃等）语言障碍
  impede v.妨碍，阻碍
  impedimenta n.（行李等）妨碍行进的重负
  Overcrowded,uncomfortable classrooms are an impediment to learning .过于拥挤的、不舒适的教室会妨碍学习。

2. expedite（将脚向外迈ex(=out) + ped(foot)）
  vt.促进，加速（行动、进程等）快速执行，迅速处理
  expedition n.探险（队），远征（队）；迅速，敏捷
  expeditionary adj.探险的，远征的
  expeditious 敏捷的，迅速的
  expeditiously adv.迅速地
  please expedite the shipment of fruit,as it is perishable .水果易于腐烂，所以请迅速装运。

3. expedient（将脚向外迈ex(=out) + ped(=foot)）
  adj.方便的，便利的；权宜之计的；得当的；可取的
  n.临时的措施，权宜之计；简便的方法
  expedience /expediency 便利；权宜之计；有利
  expediently adv.便利地；权宜地
  It is expedient to apply to numerous universities rather than just your favorite. 申请多个学校要比只申请你最喜欢的学校有利一些。

4. dispatch（使脚分开走dis (=apart) + patch<ped(=foot)）
  vt.快递；派遣；匆匆吃完；杀死
  n.派遣；快递；急件，快信；迅速，急速；杀死
  The executive dispatched a letter to the Chicago field office by overnight express.那位高级官员用隔夜快递向位于芝加哥的驻地机构发送了一封信件。

5. inexpedient
  adj.不适当的，不适宜的 *in(=not),ex(=out),ped(=foot)
  inexpediency n.不适当

6. pedal
  n.（自行车、织布机、缝纫机、钢琴等的）脚踏板
  adj.踏板的；脚的
  v.踩踏板；骑自行车 *ped(=foot)
  pedal cyclists 骑脚踏自行车的人；pedal away on his bicycle 骑上他的自行车离开

7. peddle
  v.沿街叫卖；散播（流言等） *ped(=foot)
  peddle gossip round the village 在村里到处散播流言蜚语

8. peddling
  adj.无关紧要的；叫卖的 *ped(=foot)

9. peddler
  n.小贩；传播（流言）的人 *ped(=foot)
  pedlar/pedler(=peddler)

10. pedestal
  n.（雕像等的）底座；柱脚 *ped(=foot),stal(=put)

11. pedestrian
  n.步行者
  adj.徒步的，步行的；（文章、演讲方式等）枯燥无味的，平淡的 *ped(=foot)
  pedestrians killed traffic accidents 死于交通事故的步行者
  pedestrian crossing 人行横道
  pedestrian bridge 人行天桥
  pedestrian precinct 步行区域
  pedestrian speech 平淡无奇的演说

12. pedicure
  n.足疗；修脚指甲（<-->manicure 护理（手））*ped(=foot),cur(=take care)

13. pedigree
  n.家谱；家世，血统
  adj.纯种的 *ped(=foot),ig(=drive)
  family pedigree 家系，家谱
  pedigree cattle 纯种的牛
  pedigree poodle 纯种卷毛狮子狗

14. pedometer
  n.计步器,步程计 *ped(=foot),meter(=measure)

15. biped
  n. 两足动物 *ped(=foot),bi(=two)

16. quadruped
  n.四足动物 *ped(=foot),quadru(=four)

17. centipede
  n.蜈蚣；百足 *ped(=foot),cent(hundred)

18. millipede
  n.千足虫 *ped(=foot),*mill(=thousand)

19. multiped (=multipede)
  n.多足
  adj. 多足的

20. tripod
  n.三脚（架）adj.三脚的 《tri- = three》

21. decapod
  n.十腕亚目动物（如鱿鱼等）；十足目动物（如蟹、虾等）*deca (=ten),pod<ped(=foot)

22. chiropodist
  n.手足病医生 *chiro(=hand),pod<ped(=foot) cf.chiropody 手足医术

词根：osteo, oss(e) = bone 骨头

  来源于希腊语 osteon 骨头,词根-osse- 为 -oss- 的变体，它相应的希腊语词根为：-osteo- 骨；有同类词根（肋骨也是骨头）：-rib- 肋骨。

同源词：

1. ossein  [osse 骨，-in 素]
  n.骨素，骨胶原

2. osseous  [osse 骨，-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj.骨的,骨状的

3. ossicle  [osse 骨，-icle (n.) 名词后缀，表示小；“形容很小的骨头”→]
  n. 小骨，小骨片

4. ossiferous  [oss 骨，-i-,fer 具有，产生，-ous ...的]
  adj. 含骨的,生骨的

5. ossify  [oss 骨，-ify (v.) 动词后缀，表示使；“使某物骨化，硬化”→]
  v. ( 使 ) 骨化,使硬化

6. ossification  [oss 骨，-i- 连接词、-fication (n.) 名词后缀；“与骨有关的抽象说法”→]
  n. 骨化,成骨

7. ossivorous  [oss 骨，-i- 连接词、vor 吃、-ous (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”；“形容与吃骨有关的词汇”→]
  adj. 吃骨的,以骨为食的

8. ossuary  [oss 骨，-u-,-ary 表场所]
  n.藏尸骨处

词根：fac, fact, fec, fect, fic, fict(feas, feit, feat, fit) = do, make 做

  词根fac,fact和fect是一组同源异形根，它们都来源于拉丁动词facere, 意为to make,to do,to feign。其中, fac 是不定式词干；fact是动名词词干；fect 是动词facere的异体ficere 动名词词干。feas,feit,feat,fit 等是其变形。

同源词：

1. affectation（使靠近af<ad(=to near) + fect(=do,make)）
  n.装模作样；假装
  affect v.假装；影响
  affected adj.假装的；受影响的 cf. affection 影响；爱情；感情
  affectionately adv.充满深情地
  His cigarette holder is merely an affectation. 他的烟斗只不过是装样子罢了。

2. defect（做某物时漏掉一定要放入的材料 de(=from) + fect(=do,make)）
  n.缺点，缺陷，不足之处
  vi. from + sth 脱离，逃跑
  defection n.脱离，脱党；叛教，变节
  defector n.叛离者，变节者
  defective adj.不完善的，有缺陷的
  Almost everyone has at least one major character defect. 几乎所有的人都至少有一个较大的性格缺陷。

3. malefactor（做坏事的人 male<mal (=bad) + fact(=do,make)）
  n.罪人；恶人
  malefaction n.罪行，坏事
  maleficent adj.有害的，作恶的
  My father always jokingly asks what kind of malefactor i'm dating now. 我父亲总是开元笑地问我，最近在和一个什么样的坏小子约会。

4. factual（实际所做或所制作的fact(=do,make)）
  adj.事实上的；实际的
  TV docudramas are a blend of both the factual and the fictional.纪实电视剧是事实与虚构的结合体。

5. facile（易于做或制作的 fac(=do,make)）
  adj.容易的，易得到的；故事不花力气的；熟练的；流畅的
  Class,don't give me facile responses. Really think about your answers. 同学们，不要给我那种很容易就能想到的答案，一定要好好思考一下再回答。

6. beneficent（做善事、亲切之事的 bene (=good) + fic(=do,make)）
  adj.做善事的，仁慈的；有益的
  beneficence n.善行，慈益的
  benefaction n.善行，施舍
  benefactor n.捐助人，捐赠者；恩人
  I generally find in life that beneficent acts are answered in kind. 我发现生活中总是善有善报。

7. beneficial（使有利的bene(=good) + fic(=make,do)）
  adj.有益的，有帮助的
  Taking a B-complex vitamin is proven to be beneficial for cardiac health. 已经证实摄入复合维生素有益心脏健康。

8. efficacious（做、制作得好的ef<ex(=intensive) + fic(=do,make)）
  adj.灵验的；有效的
  efficacy n.效力，功效
  efficaciously adv.有效地
  A high fiber diet is efficacious in preventing certain kinds of cancer. 高纤维饮食可以有效预防某些癌症。

9. munificent（使成为礼物的 mun(=gift,service) + fic(=make,do)）
  adj.慷慨的，大方的；丰厚的
  munificence n.慷慨；丰厚
  The company made me a munificent offer,but i declined it. 那家公司的出价很慷慨，但我还是拒绝了。

10. officiate（好好做事 of<ob(=intensive) + fic(=do,make)）
  vi.at + sth 行使职权；主持
  office n.事务所；办公室
  officer n.军官
  officiator n.主婚人
  official adj.正式的；公务的；（n.）公务员，官员
  A Unitarian minister officiated at his funeral. 一名一位论教派的牧师主持了他的葬礼。

11. officious（使妨碍的 of<ob(=in the way) + fic(=do,make)）
  adj.好出主意的，多管闲事的
  The government required us to use their somewhat officious translator. 政府要求我们用那个有点爱多管闲事的翻译官。

12. proficient（首先做、制作pro(=before) + fic(=make,do)）
  adj.精通的，熟练的
  n.能力；专家
  proficiency n. 精通，熟练
  I wouldn't say i'm a great saxophone player —— I'm just barely proficient. 我没有说我是萨克斯演奏家，只是比较精通而已。

13. superficial （使登到上边 super (=above,over) + fic(=make,do)）
  adj.表面的，外表的；肤浅的，没有深度的，浅薄的
  superficiality n.表面性；肤浅，浅薄
  I got a C-minus. The teacher said my essay was superficial. 我得了111111111111111111111,老师说我的论文太肤浅。

14. surfeit （使过度 sur(=over,excessive) + feit<fact(=do,make)）
  n.过量；饮食过度；腻烦
  v.（使）饮食过度；（使）腻烦
  There's a surfeit of great recipes on the internet. 网上的精美食谱多得让人烦。

15. malfeasance（做坏事 mal (=bad) + feas<fac(=do,make)）
  n.违法行为；（特指公务员的）不正当行为，渎职
  The mayor's well-publicized malfeasance cost him the election. 市长的渎职行为已公之于众，他为此使出了代价，在选举中失利。

16. discomfit（使完全做不了dis(=not) + com(=thoroughly) + fit<fact(=make,do)）
  vt.挫败；扰乱
  discomfiture n.挫败；狼狈
  I'm discomfited by the criminal record of my daughter's fiancé. 得知女儿末婚夫的前科后，我感到很惊慌。

17. confection
  n.糖果，点心；混合，合成，调制；（一般指女士服装）成衣 * con<com(=together)
  confectioner n.糖果商

18. confectionery
  n.糖果类；糖果制造（业）；糖果店 *con<com(=together)
  Lotte Confectionery 乐天糖果

19. effect
  n.结果；效果，效能，效力；影响；印象；（pl.）财产
  v.招致；达到（目的）；实现 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
  effect of heat upon metals 热对金属的影响
  take effect 见效，生效，起作用
  sound effects 音响效果
  personal effects 个人财产
  no effects 无存款（银行在空头支票上的批语，常写做N/E）
  effect a cure 治愈
  effect an insurance policy 投保

20. effective
  adj.有效的；给人深刻印象的；实际的，事实上的 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
  effective measures 有效的手段

21. effectual
  adj.奏效的，有效的 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
  effectual remedy 有效的治疗

22. infect
  v.[医]感染，传染；使受影响 *in(=into)
  infected with cholera 染上霍乱

23. infection
  n.（通过空气、水传播病菌的）感染；传染（病）；影响 *in(=into)

24. infectious
  adj.传染的；（病）有传染性的；有感染力的；易传播的 *in(=into)

25. perfect
  adj.完美的；娴熟的，熟练的 v.使完美；完成 *per(=completely)
  perfectly adv.圆满地，完美地
  perfectible adj.可完善的；可完成的

26. perfection
  n.完成；完美 *per(=completely)

27. perfectionist
  n.完美主义者，追求完美的 *per(=completely)

28. prefect
  n.地方行政长官；（法国等的）省长；（日本的）县长；（巴黎的）警察局局长 *pre(=before)
  prefect of police 巴黎警局局长

29. prefecture
  n.（法国、日本等的）省长（或县长等的）职位（或辖区、管辖区、任期、官邸）；县；专区；府 *pre(=before)
  prefectural adj.县的；长官（巴黎警察局局长）的

30. refection
  n.（靠食物）恢复体力；便餐，小吃 *re(=back)

31. refectory
  n.（修道院、大学等的）食堂 *re(=back),ory(=place where)

32. unaffected
  adj.不矫揉造作的，自然的；未爱影响的 *un(=not),af<ad(=near)

33. artifact/artefact
  n.人造物品，人工制品 *art(=art,skill,craft)

34. manufacture
  v.制作，生产；捏造，虚构（证据、借口等）
  n.制造，制作，生产；（pl.）制品，产品 *manu(=hand)
  manufacturer n.生产才，制造者

35. faction
  n.（政党的）派别，党派；派系斗争，内讧
  factionalism n.党派之争

36. factious
  adj.好搞党派活动的；源于派别的
  factious spirit 派性

37. factitious
  adj.人为的；不自然的；虚假的
  factitious enthusiasm 虚假的热情
  factitious demand of goods 商品的虚假需求

38. factor
  n.[数]因子；因素；要因；代理人
  factorize v. 将...分解的因子

39. factory
  n.工厂，制造厂 *ory(=place where)

40. factotum
  n.勤杂工人

41. facilitate
  v.使容易；促进，帮助

42. facility
  n.能力，才能；（pl.）设施，设备；（供特别用途的）场所
  great facility in learning English 学好英语的能力
  facilities for study 研究室，学习室
  sports facilities 远去设施

43. facsimile
  n.摹写，复制；复制品 *simil (=same)

44. faculty
  n.才能，本领；（大学的）系；院；（大学的）全体教职员
  the faculty of making friends easily 容易结交朋友的能力
  the Faculty of Science 理学院
  faculty meeting 全体教职员会议

45. fiction
  n.虚构，想像的事；[总称]小说

56. fictitious
  adj.虚构的，假的

57. beneficiary
  n.（遗嘱、保险等的）受益人 *bene(=good),ary(=person who)

58. deficiency
  n.缺乏，不足；不足的数量、数额；缺点，不足之处 *de(=away)
  deficiency diseases [医]营养缺乏症
  a deficiency of $100 缺100美元

59. deficient
  adj.缺乏的，不足的 *de(=away)
  deficient in courage 勇气不足的
  a mentally deficient person 有智力缺陷的人

60. deficit
  n.不足的数额，赤字 *de(=away)
  budget deficit 预算赤字

61. difficulty
  n.困难，艰难；难事；难题 *dif<dis(=away)
  difficult adj.困难的，艰难的

62. edifice
  n.（宏伟的）建筑物；<喻>精神建设 *edi(=build)

63. efficient
  adj.效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的；有效的 *ef<ex(=intensive,out)
  efficiently adv.效率高地；有效地
  efficient methods of teaching 有效的教学法
  efficient secretary 能干的秘书

64. efficiency
  n.效率；效力，效能 *ef<ex(=intensive,out)

65. magnificent
  adj.极美的；壮丽的，宏伟的，宏大的；豪华的 *magn (=great)
  magnificent house 豪华住宅

66. suffice
  v.充足，足够；使满足 *suf<sub(=under)
  Your word will suffice. 你来说就行了。

67. sufficient
  adj.充分的 *suf<sub(=under)
  sufficiently adv.充分地
  sufficiency n.充分，足量
  sufficient condition 充分条件

68. feasible
  adj.可实行的；可能的；适用的 *feas<fac(=do)
  feasibility n. 可行性

69. counterfeit
  v.伪造 n.赝品，伪造品 adj.伪造的，伪造的 *counter (=against),feit<fact(=make,do)
  counterfeiter n.伪造者

70. forfeit
  v.（因犯罪、过失等）丧失（地位、财产、权力等）
  n.丧失的东西；没收物；罚款，罚金；罚物游戏的抵押物 *for(=out of doors),feit<fact(=make,do)
  forfeiture n.丧失；没收
  foreit the good opinion of one's frends 丧失了朋友们的好感
  foreit one's property 没收某人的财产

71. feat
  n.业绩，功绩；英勇事迹；技艺；武艺 *feat<fact(=do,make)
  brilliant feats of engineering 工程学领域的辉煌业绩
  feats of valor 英勇的壮举

72. feature
  n.特征；特色；（pl.）面貌；（报纸的）特写，特别报道；电影正片
  v.以...为特色 *feat<fact(=do,make)
  featureles adj.平淡无奇的，无特色的
  unusual features in a political program 政治纳领与众不同的特点
  a man of handsome features 美男子
  newspaper that makes a feature of sport 以体育报道为特色的报纸
  double features [电影]再片连映

73. defeat
  v.使失败，击败，使受挫；[律]使无效
  n.失败 *de(=down) ,feat<fact(=do,make)
  defeatism n.失败主义
  defeatist n.失败主义者
  four victories and two defeats 四胜两败

74. benefit
  n.益处；帮助；义演；义卖；补助费，救济金；（根据保险规定所得的）保险金
  v.有益于；得益 *bene(=good),fit<fact(=do,make)
  the benefits of a good education 优质教育的益处
  benefit performance /concert 义演/义演音乐会
  medical / unemployment benefit 医疗津贴/失业救济金

75. profit
  n.利益；收益；利润 v.利益；有益于 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)
  profit margin 利润率
  profit sharing 分红制

76. profitable
  adj.有益的；有赢利的，有利的 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)
  profitably adv.有益地，有利地
  profitable investment 有利润的投资
  profitable instruction 有益的教导

77. profiteer
  v.牟取暴利 n.奸商；牟取暴利者 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)

78. disinfect
  v.消毒；净化（使不被感染）《dis- = not》

词根：ducc, duc, duct(du) = to lead（引导）

  来源于拉丁语的ducere 意为to lead,这对词根的孳生能力很强，其同族词不下百个。du 是它们的变形。同义词根有来源于拉丁语的men(mean)和来源于希腊语的agog。此外，还有意为to drive 的来源于拉丁语的词根ag/ig/act,flig,pel/puls(peal)等。

1. abduct [拉向远处ab（=away）+duct(=lead)]
  vt.诱拐(女子或孩子)；绑架
  n. abduction诱拐
  n. abductor诱拐者
  The robber decided to abduct a hostage.（强盗决定绑榘一名人质）
 
2. conducive [一起、一块拉的con<com(=together)+duc(=lead)]
  adj.有助于…的，有利的
  conduce v.有助于，有利于
  The excessive cold in the classroom is not conducive to learning. 教室太冷会不利于学习。

3. induce [向里拉in(=in, into) +duc(=lead)]
  v. 引起，诱发；劝诱；[逻]归纳；[医]用人工方法引导
  iriducement n. 劝诱
  Doctors often induce labor in pregnant women with powerful drugs.（医生常常使用强效药来为孕妇引产）

4. traduce [拉过头、拉偏C~ tra<trans ( = over, across) + duc ( = lead)]
  vt．中伤，诽谤
  traducer n.诽谤者
  Stars are used to seeing their names traduced in the tabloids.（看见小报中伤自己的名誉，明星们已经习以为常了。）

5. aqueduct
  n.沟渠；导水管，水道 *aqu(=water)

6. conduction
  n.（电流、热等的）传导 *con<com(=together)
  conduct v. 传导；引导；指挥
  conductive adj.传导的

7. conductor
  n.指挥家；列车长；（电流、热等的）导体  *con<com(=together)
  conductress n. 女车长
  semiconductor n. 半导体

8. deduct
  n. 扣除，减除  *de(=down)
  deduct 1O% from the salary（从工资里扣除10%）

9. deductible
  adj.可扣除的；可减免的  *de(=down)
  deductible tax (可减免的税款)

10. deduction
  n.扣除（额），减除（额）；推论；演绎 *de(=down)
  deductions from pay for insurance and pension（从薪水里扣除一部分作为保险费和退休金）

11. deductive
  adj. 推论的；演绎的  *de(=down)
  deductive method（演绎法）

12. ductile
  adj.（金属）叮延展的；易教导的；顺从的  *ile(=capable of)
  ductility n.（金属的）可延展性；（人等的）可塑性
  inductile adj. 无延展性的：难以教导的

13. induct
  v. 使（正式）就任；吸收为会员；使入门；【逻】归纳；引导   *in(=into)

14. induction
  n. （正式）就职；入门；人会；归纳（法）；诱导   *in(=into)
  induction course（入门课程）
  induction ceremony（入会仪式，如加入Phi Beta Kappa （美国大学优等生和毕业生的荣誉组织）等在全国拥有最高权威的优秀学会的仪式

15. inductive
  adj.归纳的；诱导性的   *in(=into)
  inductive method 归纳法

16. Introduction
  n.介绍;引进；绪论，前言；初级读物 *intro (=within)

17. introductory
  adj.介绍性的；前言的；初步的 *intro (=within)
  introductory remarks 前言，序言
  introductory chapter 续篇

18. oviduct
  n.输卵管  *ovi(=egg)

19. product
  n. 产物；产品；产量；结果 *pro(=forth)
  agricultural/marine/forest products 农/海/林产品
  gross national product  (GNP)（国民生产总值）
 
20. production
  n.生产；产量；作品   *pro(=forth)
  mass production（大量生产）
  production line（生产线）

21. productive
  adj. 多产的；生产性的；肥沃的；造成某种结果的(of)  *pro(=forth)
  productive writer（多产作家）
  productive of happiness（带来幸福的）

22. productivity
  n.生产率，生产力  *pro(=forth)
  productivity movement（提高生产率运动）
  labor productivity（劳动生产串）

23. seduction
  adj.教唆，诱惑，勾引；魅力；富有魅力的事物，诱惑韧  *se(=apart)
  seductions of suburban life（郊外生活的吸引力）

24. seductive
  adj. 污惑的；富有魅力的，诱人的
  seductive smiles（富有魅力的徽笑）
  seductive offer（谤人的提议）

25. reduction
  n. 减少，削减，缩小  *r(=back)
  price reduction（减价）

26. viaduct
  n.高架桥；高架道路  *via(=way)

27. adduce
  v.（作为证据、示例）引用，举出，引证  *ad(=to)
  adduce proof /reasons/authority 举出证据/举出理由/引用权威的典籍

28. deduce
  v. 演绎，推论 *de(=down)

29. deducibie
  n. 演绎，推论  *de(=down)

30. Duce
  n. 首领，元首（特指意大利法西斯时期对墨索里尼的称呼）

31. education
  duke（公爵）dukedom（公爵领地）duchess(公舟夫人) duchy（公爵领地；公国）

32. educator
  n. 教育家；有教育工作者  *e<ex(=out)
  co-education 男女同学（制）

33. educational
  adj.教育的；有教育意义的 *e<ex(=out)
  educational film（教育电影）educational work（教育工作）

34. educe
  v. 引出；使显现出（潜在的能力或性格）  *e<ex（=ojut）

35. introduce
  v. 提出（议案、话题等）；采用；（向某人）介绍…，（特指正式地向某人）引见…*intro(=within)
  introduce a bill into congress（向议会提交法案）
  Potatoes were introduced into Europe from America. 马铃薯是从美洲引入欧洲的。

36. produce
  v.引起，招致；制造，生产；制作；创作；安排上海；出版；拿出，出示
  n.产品；[总称]农产品；产量 *pro(=forth,forward)
  film that produced a sensation 引起很大反响的电影
  produce a new play 上演一部新剧
  a well-produced book 一本印制得很好的书

词根：dign(dain, deign) = worthy（有价值的）

  来源于拉丁语的dignus 意为 worthy ,它的变形为dain,deign。词根dign的异形同义词根是：preci 价值。

同源词：

1. condign（足以受罚的 con<com(=intensive) + dign(=worthy)）
  adj.（尤其指惩罚）应得的；适当的
  For many conservatives,capital punishment for capital crimes is merely condign. 对许多保守主义者来说，犯死罪的人被判死刑不过是罪有应得。

2. disdain（不是有价值的行为dis(=not) + dain<dign(=worthy)）
  vt. to do/ ~ing 蔑视；不屑
  n.轻蔑，蔑视
  disdainfu adj.轻蔑的；傲慢的
  disdainfully adv.轻蔑地；傲慢地
  The CEO disdains riding in coach and insists on first class. 那们首席执行官不屑于坐经济舱，坚持要坐头等舱。

3. indignant
  adj.愤慨的，愤怒的 *in(=not)
  indignant at a false accusation 对不当的指责感到愤慨的
  indignant with a cruel man 对残暴的人感到义愤填膺的

4. indignation
  n. 愤慨，愤怒，义愤 *in(=not)
  arouse the indignation of people 引起人们的愤慨
  feel strong indignation "against" congressmen 对国会议员感到强烈的愤慨

5. indignity
  n.侮辱，轻蔑；无礼；(pl.)侮辱性的言行 *in(=not)
  The hijackers subjected to us all sorts of indignities. 劫机犯们对我们进行了各种侮辱。

6. dignify
  v.使有尊严；抬高...的身价 *ify(=make)
  dignified adj.有尊严的；高贵的
  dignified old lady 高贵的老妇人

7. dignity
  n.尊严；尊贵，高贵；高位
  dignitary n. 显贵，要人
  stand upon one's dignity 保持尊严

8. dainty
  adj.（人）秀美的，优美的，优雅的；（东西）精美的，精致的；易损坏的；（对衣食）过分讲究的；（食物）美味的 n.(pl.)美味的食物，珍馔佳肴 *dain<dign(=worthy)
  daintily adv.优雅地，雅致地
  daintily dressed young lady 衣着高雅的年轻女士
  dainty little lady 秀美的少女

9. deign
  v.（~to do ）降低身份；屈尊俯就；施恩惠于 *deign <dign(=worthy)
  He would not deign to listen to you. 他是不会放下架子听你的话的。

词根：xyl(o) = wood 木

  来源于希腊语，它相应的拉丁语词根为：-ligni- 木，来源拉丁语 lignum。

同源词：

1. xylophone  [xylo 木，phon 声音、-e (n.) 名词后缀；“能发声的木制乐器”→]
  n. 木琴

2. xylophonic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.似木琴声音的

3. xylograph  [xylo 木，graph 写,图,像]
  n. 木刻,木版印画

4. xylographer  [见上，-er 人]
  n. 木刻师

5. xylographic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.木刻的；木版画的，木版（印刷）的

6. xylography  [见上，-y 名词后缀]
  n.木刻术；木版（印刷）术；木版画印画法

7. chromoxylograph  [chromo 色，xylo 木，graph 画]
  n.彩色木版画

8. xyloid  [xyl 木，-oid 似...的]
  adj.似木质的；木质的

9. xylophagous  [xylo 木，phag 吃、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 食木的,毁木的

10. xylophagan  [xylo 木，phag 吃、-an (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 蛀木虫,食木虫

11. xylose  [xylo 木，-ose (n.) 化学名词后缀，表示糖]
  n. 木糖

12. xylotomy  [xylo 木，tomy 切,割]
  n. 木材截片术

词根：oxy(ox) = sharp, acid 酸

  来自希腊语的oxy 意为sharp,acid。在元音前，oxy中的y脱落，变成ox。


同源词：

1. paroxysm （变得非常尖锐 par<para(=intensive) + oxy(=sharp,acid)）
  n.（愤怒、笑声等的）突然爆发；（周期性疾病的）发作
  A paroxysm of rage overtook her and she began shouting at the students. 她突然大发脾气，向学生们大声喊叫。

2. oxygen
  n.氧气 *gen (=birth)
  oxygenize v.使氧气
  oxygen mask/tent 氧气罩/氧气帐
  oxygen walker （肺病、心脏病患者用的）小型携带用吸氧器
  oxygen cycle 氧循环（大气中的氧气通过动物的呼吸变成二氧化碳，然后二氧化碳依靠植物的光合作用重新成为氧气的循环

3. oxymoron
  n.[语]矛盾形容法（例如：sweet sorrow,cruel kindness) *noron (=foolish)

4. oxide
  n.氧化物 *ox<oxy(=acid)
  oxidization n. 氧化（作用）
  iron oxide 氧化铁

5. oxidize
  v.（使）氧化；（使）生锈 *ox<oxy(=acid)
  oxidizing agent/flame 氧化剂/氧化焰
  oxidized silver 氧化了的银

6. dioxide
  n.二氧化物 *di(=two),ox<oxy(=acid)

词根：zo(o) = life/animal 生命/动物

  来源于希腊语 zoion/zoe 动物,生命,词根zoo是词根zo的变体，词根zo相应的拉丁语词根为：animal平共处和fauna 动物，有同类词根（ 猪属于动物）porc和pork 猪，其中，词根pork也可以理解为是根据辅音的交替规律由porc变来

的，属于单辅音交替规律。

同源词：

1. zoic  [zo 动物，-ic 形容词后缀，...的]
  adj.动物的；有生物的

2. zoo
  n.动物园

3. zooid  [zo 动物，-oid 似...的]
  adj. 动物状的；动物性的

4. zoolatry  [zoo 动物，latry 崇拜]
  n. 动物崇拜

5. zoolite  [zoo 动物，lite 石]
  n. 动物化石

6. zoology  [zoo 动物，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n. 动物学

7. zoophilous  [zoo 动物，phil 爱、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 爱护动物的

8. zootomy  [zoo 动物，tomy 切]
  n. 动物解剖学

9. zoologist  [见上，-logist ...学家]
  n. 动物学家

10. protozoology  [proto 原始，见上]
  n. 原生动物学

11. protozoic  [proto 原始，zo 动物，-ic ...的]
  adj.原生动物的

12. paleozoology  [paleo 古，见上]
  n. 古动物学

13. zoomorphic  [zoo 动物，morph  形，-ic ...的]
  adj.动物形的；兽形的

14. zoophobia  [zoo 动物，phob怕，-ia 疾病]
  n.动物恐怖（症）

15. zoophagous  [zoo 动物，phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj.食肉的

16. zoopathology  [zoo 动物，pathology 病理学]
  n. 动物病理学

17. zoophilist   [zoo 动物，phil 爱，-ist 者]
  n. 爱护动物者

18. zoophilous  [见上，-ous ...的]
  adj.爱护动物的

19. zootoxin  [zoo 动物，tox 毒，-in 素]
  n.动物性毒素

20. arthrozoic  [arthro 关节，zo 动物，-ic ...的]
  adj.关节动物的

21. anthozoan  [anth 花，-o-,zo 动物，-an 名词兼形容词后缀；“如花形的动物”→]
  n./adj. 珊瑚虫；珊瑚虫的

22. haematozoic  [haemato 血，zo 动物→虫，-ic ...的]
  adj.血寄生虫的

23. Mesozoa [meso 中间，zo 动物，-a 名词后缀]
  n. 中间动物（原生动物与腔肠动物中间的一种动物）

24. phytozoon  [phyto 植物，zo 动物]
  n.植物形动物，植虫

词根：xer(o) = dry 干燥

  来源于希腊语,它相应的拉丁语词根为：arid 干。

同源词：

1. xeric  [xer 干燥，-ic ...的]
  adj. 缺乏水分的，干旱的

2. xeroderma  [xero 干燥，derma 皮肤]
  n.皮肤干燥病,干皮病

3. xerophthalmia  [xero 干燥,ophthalm 眼睛、-ia (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n. 干眼病,结膜干燥症

4. xerophyte  [xero 干燥,phyte 植物]
  n. 旱生植物

5. xerophilous  [xero 干燥,phil 爱/喜好、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 喜旱的,适旱的

6. xerophobous  [xero 干燥，phob 怕 → 嫌，-ous ...的]
  adj. [植物]避旱的，嫌旱的

7. xerothermic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj. 干热的,适应干热环境的

8. xerosis  [xer 干燥，-osis 名词后缀，表疾病]
  n.（皮肤或结膜）干燥症

词根：verm(i) = 蠕虫

  来源于拉丁语 vermis 蠕虫,-verm- 为 -vermi- 的变体。

同源词：

1. vermian  [vermi 蠕虫，-an 形容词后缀]
  adj.蠕虫的；像蠕虫的，蛆形的

2. vermicide [vermi 蠕虫,cide 杀；“可以杀死蠕虫的药物”→]
  n.杀蠕虫药

3. vermicidal  [见上，-al ... 的]
  adj.杀蠕虫（药）的

4. vermicular  [vermi 蠕虫,-cular (a.) 表示“如…的”]
  adj. 蠕虫状的,蠕动的

5. vermiform  [vermi 蠕虫，-i- 连接词、-form (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“有…形状的”]
  adj. 蠕虫状的,蚯蚓形的

6. vermifuge  [vermi 蠕虫，fug 逃散、-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 驱虫药

7. vermifugal  [见上，-al ...的]
  adj.驱虫（药）的

8. vermin  [vermi 蠕虫，-in (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 害虫,寄生虫

9. verminate  [vermin 虫，-ate动词后缀]
  v.蠕虫孳生；肠虫蔓延

10. verminosis  [vermin 虫，-osis 表示疾病]
  n.蠕虫病；肠虫病

11. vermivorous  [vermin 虫，vor 吃、-ous (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 食虫的

词根：urg(y) = 制作

同源词：

1. metallurgy  [metal 金属，l重复字母，urgy 制作→冶炼]
  n.冶炼学，冶金术

2. metallurgist  [见上，-ist 人]
  n.冶金学家

3. metallurgical  [见上，-ical ...的]
  adj.冶金（学）的

4. dramaturgy  [drama 剧本，戏剧，urgy 制作]
  n.剧本作法；剧作艺术

5. zymurgy  [zym 发酵，urgy 制作]
  n.酿造学

6. theurgy  [the 神→妖，urgy 制作]
  n.（施）妖术，法术；神通

7. theurgist  [见上，-ist 人]
  n.施妖术者，法师

8. theurgical  [见上，-ical ...的]
  adj.妖术的，法术的；神通的

词根：therm(o) = hot/heat 热/热的

  来源于希腊语 therme 热,-thermo- 为 -therm- 的变体,它对应的拉丁语词根为：-calor- 热。

同源词：

1. thermometer  [thermo 热，热的，meter 计，表]
  n.温度计,寒暑表

2. thermos
  n. 热水瓶

3. thermalloy  [therm 热，alloy 合金]
  n.热合金

4. thermochemistry  [thermo 热，chemistry 化学]
  n. 热化学

5. thermal  [-therm- 热 + -al (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 热的,热量的

6. thermonuclear  [thermo 热，nuclear 核]
  adj.热核的

7. geothermic  [geo 地，therm 温，热，-ic ...的]
  adj.地温的，地热的

8. isogeotherm  [iso- 相等、geo 地，therm 温，热；“地面下处在同一温度线的区域”→]
  n. 地下等温线,同地温线

9. isotherm  [iso- 相等，therm 热]
  n.等温线

10. isothermal  [见上，-al ...的]
  adj.等温线的

11. synthermal  [syn- 同、therm 热，温，-al (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 同温的

12. adiathermic  [a- 不 / 否、dia- 透、therm 热，温，-ic (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 透热的,绝热的

13. diathermia  [dia- 对穿 / 透、therm 热，温，-ia (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病 / 病症]
  n. 透热疗法

词根：techo, techn(o) = art/ skill 技艺 / 技术

  词根techn来源于拉丁语/希腊语 techne 技术,-techo- / -techno- 为 -techn- 的变体；它相应的拉丁语词根为：-arti- 技术，来源于拉丁语 ars。

同源词：

1. technic  [techn 技术，-ic 抽象名词后缀]
  n.技能；技巧

2. technics  [techn 工艺，-ics ...学]
  n.工艺学

3. technical  [techn 工艺，-ical (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 技术的,技术上的

4. technicality  [见上，-ity 名词后缀]
  n.技术性

5. technicalization  [见上，-ization 名词后缀，...化]
  n.技术化

6. technician  [techn 技术，-ician 表示专业者]
  n.技术员；质师；技术专家

7. technique  [见上，-ique = -ic 名词后缀]
   n.技术；技巧；技能

8. technology  [techn 技艺，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示学科]
  n. 工艺学,技术,工艺

9. technologist  [见上，-logist ...学家]
  n.工艺学家；技术专家

10. technolatry  [techno 技术，latry 崇拜]
  n.技术崇拜

11. electrotechnics  [electro 电，见上]
  n.电工学；电工技术

12. polytechnic
  adj./n. 多种工艺的,综合工艺的; 综合性工艺学校

13. pyrotechnics  [pyro 火，见上]
  n.烟火制造（或释放）技术

14. tutor  [ut(=us/each) 我们每个人,teacher 老师的变体]
  n. 家庭教师,助教,监护人

15. tuition  [-ion (n.) 名词后缀,找家教补课是要付补课费的]
  n. 学费

词根：stom, stomat(o) = mouth 口

  来源于希腊语,它相应的拉丁语词根为：-or- 口，来源拉丁语 os。

同源词：

1. stomatology  [stomat 口 + -ic (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  n. 口腔学

2. stomatologist  [stomato 口，-logist ...学者]
  n.口腔学家

3. stomatitis  [stomat 口，-itis (n.) 名词后缀，表示炎症]
  n. 口腔炎,口炎

4. stomatoscope  [scop 镜、-e (n.) 名词后缀；“可以用来检查口腔疾病的带镜仪器”→]
  n. 口腔镜

5. stomatic  [stoma 口，-ic ...的]
  adj.口的，嘴的；呼吸孔的

6. stomatogastric  [stomato 口，gastr 胃，-ic ...的]
  adj.口和胃的

7. eventual  [见上，-ual 形容词后缀，...的]
  adj.可能发生的，万一的

8. eventuality  [见上，-ity 名词后缀]
  n.可能发生的事，不测事件

9. circumvent  [circum- 周围，ven 来；“从四周来”→]
  v. 包围；围绕

10. circumventer  [见上，-er 者]
  n.包围者，用计取胜者

11. cirumvention  [见上，-ion 名词后缀]
  n.包围；围绕

12. avenue  [a- = ad- 表示to ,ven 来；“来时所经由的路”→]
  n.道路；林阴道；大街

13. revenue  [re- 回，ven ；愿意为；“return from investment”；“回来”→ 收回→收入]
  n.（国家的）岁入；税收；收入

14. revenuer  [见上，-er 者]
  n.税务官

15. supervene  [super- 上面，ven 表示；“由上面来”→降临→发生→突然发生→]
  v.意外发生

16. supervention  [见上，-ion 名词后缀]
  n.意外发生；意外发生的事件

17. polystome  [poly 多]
  n./adj. 多口动物,多口的

18. microstomous  [micro 微 / 小、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 有小口的

19. cyclostome  [cyclo 圆、-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 圆口类脊椎动物

词根：sino, sinic(o) = China 中国

  我们知道“中国”的英语单词是China,这个单词来源于秦Qin,Q的发音对应ch,而词根sino 表示“中国的”也是和Qin 有关，o是连接字母，也称中缀。Sino是希腊语中表示中国的称谓，法语里Chine和德语里China前头都发类似于“西”的音，它们的共同语源应当是梵语中的cinah，还有一个希腊语过来的表示中国的形容词，就是Sinaean，这是一个非常褒义的词，词根除表示中国外，尚有“神居住的地方”之意，但是肯定和Sinai西奈山或西奈半岛没有联系。以英语为例（其他西文情况类似），目前所得到一般认可的考证为:古印度语梵文cina和chinas-希腊语Sinai/Serica-古拉丁语Sinae-后期拉丁语Sinology，但古印度人为何使用cina目前没有定论。 疑为古印度人对东方国家的称呼，目前有多数学者认为指西周的秦国,（1655，Martini.Martin），但也有学者认为指古蒙古部落戎狄，sino为赤那之地的音译，意思是狼。 古印度典籍最早提到cina是公元前10世纪(有的学者提出是公元前5世纪和公元前15世纪)的印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》。

  另外注意如果把China 的首字母小写变成china 意思就是“瓷器”了。

  Sino既是词根也是前缀，当作为前缀时可派生出很多组合词，权威词典的解释：1986年出版的《新英汉词典》中，对sino一词的解释为“构词成分可表示中国的”。相当多的西方语言称中国为China（英语）、Chine（法语）、Sino或其变体，据认为是来自「秦」的音译。

同源词：

1. sinology  [-sino- 中国 + -logy (n.) 表示“…学”;“与中国汉语有关的学问”→]
  n. 汉学

2. Sinologist  [-ist 表示人]
  n.汉学家；研究中国问题专家

3. sinophile  [Sino 中国，phil 爱、-e (a./ n.)]
  adj./n.  喜爱中国 ( 文化 ) 的 ( 人 )，赞成中国的 ( 人 )

4. sinophobe
  adj./n. 厌恶中国的 （人）

5. sinicism  [sinic 中国，-ism (n.) 表示风俗 / 特质]
  n.中国风俗,中国事物

6. sinicize  [sinic 中国，-ize 使...化]
  v. 使中国化

6. Sino-American
  adj.中美的

词根：scler(o) = 硬

  来源于希腊语 skleros 硬，-sclero- 为 -scler- 的变体；有异形同义词根：-rig- 硬 / 僵直，来源于拉丁语 rigere。

同源词：

1. arteriosclerosis  [arteri 动作，-o-,连接字母，scler 硬，-osis 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n.动作硬化（症）

2. scleriasis  [见上，-osis (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n. 硬皮病

3. scleroma  [scler 硬，-oma (n.) 名词后缀，表示肿瘤；“很硬的那个瘤子”→]
  n. 硬结

4. sclerodermatous  [sclero 硬，dermat 皮，-ous ... 的]
  adj.硬皮病的；硬皮的

5. sclerodermous  [见上，-ous ...的]
  adj. [动物]硬皮的

6. scleroid  [scler 硬，-oid (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 硬化的,硬的

7. sclerometer  [scler 硬，meter 测量器]
  n. 硬度计

8. scleroprotein  [sclero 硬，protein 蛋白质]
  n.硬蛋白，硬朊

9. sclerosis  [scler 硬，-osis 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n.硬化 ( 症 )

10. sclerotic  [scler 硬，-otic 形容词后缀，...的]
  adj.硬化的

11. sclerous  [scler 硬，-ous (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 硬化的

词根：sarc(o) = flesh 肉

  来源于希腊语 sarx 肉，以前此词根写成 -sarko- 形式，-sarc- 为 -sarco- 的变体，用于元音前，而它则用于辅音前，它相应的拉丁语词根为：-carnis- 肉。
 

同源词：

1. sarcocarp  [-sarco- 肉 + carp 果]
  n. 肉质果,果肉

2. sarcoma  [-oma (n.) 名词后缀，表示肿瘤；“像肉一样的肿瘤”→]
  n. 肉瘤

3. sarcoid  [sarc 肉，-oid 似...的]
  adj. 内的，肉状的，肉质的

4. sarcophagous  [sarco 肉，phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj.食肉的，以肉为食的

5. sarcous  [sarc 肉，-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 肌肉的,肌肉组成的

6. sarcotic  [见上，-otic ... 的]
  adj.生肉的，促进肉生长的

7. hypersarcosis  [hyper- 过多，sarc 肉，-osis 医学名词后缀；“过多的肉”→]
  n. 肉芽过多,浮肉病

8. osteosarcoma  [osteo 骨、sarc 肉，-oma (n.) 名词后缀，表示肿瘤]
  n. 骨肉瘤

9. syssarcosis  [sys- = syn- 共同→ 结合，sarc 肉，-osis 医学名词后缀]
  n. 肌性结合,肌性联合

词根：rhin(o) = nose 鼻

  来源于希腊语 rhinos 鼻,-rhin- 为 -rhino- 的变体；它相应的拉丁语词根为：-nas- 鼻，来源拉丁语 nasus。

同源词：

1. rhinitis  [rhin 鼻，-itis (n.) 名词后缀，表示炎症]
  n.鼻炎

2. rhinology  [rhin 鼻，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n. 鼻科医学

3. rhinalgia  [rhin 鼻，alg 痛、-ia (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n. 鼻痛症

4. rhinoplastic  [[rhin 鼻，plastic 造形的]
  adj.造鼻的,造鼻术的,鼻造形术的

5. rhinoscope  [rhin 鼻，scop 观察，-e 后缀；“查看鼻子的带镜仪器”→]
  n.鼻镜,鼻窥镜

6. rhinolaryngology  [rhin 鼻，laryngo 喉、-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n. 鼻喉科学

7. rhinal  [rhin 鼻，-al ...的]
  adj. 鼻的

词根：rhiz(o) = root 根

  来源于希腊语, -rhiz- 为 -rhizo- 的变体,它相应的拉丁语词根为：-radic- 根，来源拉丁语 radix。

同源词：

1. rhizogenic  [rhizo 根，gen 产生，-ic ...的]
  adj. 生根的

2. rhizoid  [rhizo 根，-oid 似...之物；“似根之物”]
  n./adj. 假根（的）

3. arrhizal  [a- 无，rhizo 根，r 助音词、-al (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 似假根的

4. rhizomorphous  [rhiz 根，morph 形，-ous ... 的]
  adj. 根状的，似根的

5. rhizophorous  [rhiz 根，phor 具有、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”]
  adj. 有根的,根托的

6. rhizopod  [rhizo 根,pod 足]
  n. 根足类的各种原生动物

7. mycorhiza  [myco 菌、rhiz 根，-a (n.) 名词后缀]
  n.菌根

8. polyrhizal  [poly- 多、rhiz 根，-al (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj. 多细根的

9. polyrhizous  [见上，-ous ... 的]
  adj. 多根的

词根：pyr(o) = fire 火

  来源于希腊语 pyros 火,-pyr- 为 -pyro- 的变体,有异形同义词根：-flam- / -flagr- / -ign- 火，词根ign是它相应的拉丁语词根，来源拉丁语 ignis。词根pyr作为“火”的意思，它的引申义是：焦 / 热 / 高温 / 火焰等。

同源词：

1. pyre  [pyr 火→烧]
  n. 供燃烧的大堆木料

2. pyretic  [pyt 火→燃，-etic  形容词后缀，...的]
  adj.[医学]发烧的，发热的；热病的

3. pyrochemistry  [pyro 火→高温，chemistry 化学]
  n.高温化学

4. pyroelectric  [pyro 火→热，electr 电，-ic...的]
  adj.热电的

5. pyrogen  [pyro 火→热，gen 产生 / 致；“发火的源头”→]
  n.  ( 医学 ) 发热原

6. pyrogenic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.发热的，热成的

7. pyrolatry  [pyro 火,latry 崇拜；“崇拜火的教会”→]
  n. 崇拜火，拜火教

8. pyrology  [pyro 火→热，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”；“与热火有关的学问”→]
  n. 热工学

9. pyromania  [pyro 火，mania 狂]
  n. 放火狂，放火癖

10. pyrometer  [pyro 火，meter 测量器；“测量火的仪器”→]
  n. 高温计

11. pyrosis  [pyro 火→热，-osis (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病;“胃部好似着火的疾病”→]
  n.胃灼热 ( 病 )

12. pyrotechnics  [pyro 火→烟火，technics 工艺学，技术]
  n.烟火制造（或释放）技术

13. pyrotoxin  [pyro 火→热，tox 毒，-in 素]
  n.[医学]热毒素

14. pryoxylin  [pyro 火→热，xyl 木，-in素]
  n.[化学]焦木素

15. apyretic  [a- 无，pyr 火→热，-etic ...的]
  adj.无热的，不发烧的

16. antipyretic  [anti- 反对→解，消，pyr 火→热，-etic ...的]
  adj./n. 解热的，消热的，退烧的

17. micropyrometer  [micro 微，pyro 火→温，meter 计]
  n.微温计

词根：psych(o) = soul, mind 灵魂, 精神, 心理

  来源于希腊语 psykhe 心理,-psycho- 为 -psych- 的变体。有异形同义词根：-ment-/-phren- 精神，分别来源于拉丁语 mentis 和希腊语，前者为它对应的拉丁语词根。

    另一来源说： 源于一则美丽的古罗马传说：凡人少女Psyche和爱神丘比特Cupid相恋，每晚在一座宫殿里相会。Cupid一再嘱咐不要探究他的身份，不要窥看他的容貌。Psyche忍不住好奇，一天夜里在他熟睡时点上蜡烛偷看，方知与她相爱之人竟是众神中最俊美的爱神。她惊喜交加，手不禁一颤，一滴烛油滴落，Cupid顿时惊醒，旋即离去，从此不见。Psyche 悲恸欲绝，悔恨不已，开始四处漂泊，寻找情人。后经历了无数折难之后终于与Cupid重聚，结为夫妇，并成为灵魂、精神之神。
  送给大家一句话：Love could not dwell where there is no trust. （Cupid离开Psyche时如是说）

同源词：

1. psychic  [psych 心理，精神，-ic ...的]
  adj. 心理的,精神的

2. psychology  [psych 心理，精神，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n. 心理学

3. psychologist  [-ist ...学者]
  n.心理学者

4. psychopathy  [psych 心理，精神,pathy 病；“关于心理或精神上的疾病”→]
  n. 心理病态,精神变态

5. psychopathic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj. 心理病态的，精神病态的

6. psychopathology  [psycho 心理，pathy 病，-ology ...学]
  n.心理病理学，精神病理学

7. psychobiology  [psycho 心理，bi 生物，-ology ...学]
  n.心理生物学，生物心理学

8. psychotherapy  [psycho 心理，therapy 疗法]
  n.心理疗法，精神疗法

9. psychotic  [psych 精神，-otic 形容词后缀，患...的]
  adj.精神病的；患精神病的

10. psychometrics  [psycho 心理，metr 测量→测验，-ics ...学]
  n.心理测验学

11. psychoneurosis  [psycho 精神，neur 神经，-osis 表示疾病]
  n. 精神（性）神经病

12. psychoneurotic  [psycho 精神，neur 神经，-otic ...的]
  adj. 精神（性）神经病的

13. psychophysics  [psycho 心理，physics  物理学]
  n.心理物理学

14. psychophysiology  [psycho 精神，-osis 表示疾病]
  n.精神病，精神变态

15. zoopsychology  [zoo 动物,psych 心理，-ology ...学]
  n. 动物心理学

16. panpsychism  [pan- 泛、psych 精神，-ism (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…论”]
  n. 万有精神论,泛心论

词根：pol(y) = 卖

  词根pol 有来源于希腊语 polis的同形异义词根pol，含义是“国家，城市”。

同源词：

1. monopoly  [mono- 独，poly 卖；“独家专卖”→]
  n.独占；垄断；专利；专营

2. monopolist  [见上，-ist 者]
  n.垄断者；独占者；专利者；专卖者

3. monopolism  [见上，-ism 主义]
  n.垄断主义;垄断制度

4. monopolize  [见上，-ize 动词后缀]
  v. 垄断；独占；专营

5. monopolization  [见上，-ation名词后缀]
  n.垄断；独占；专营

6. duopoly  [duo 两，poly 卖；“两家专卖”→]
  n.市场由两家卖主垄断的局面

7. bibliopoly  [biblio 书，poly 卖]
  n.书籍贩卖

8. bibliopole  [biblio 书，pol 卖，-e 后缀]
  n.书商

9. oligopoly  [oligo 少，少数，poly 卖]
  n.（在有大量买主的情况下）少数制造商对市场的控制

词根：plut(o) = money 财

  来源基础词 plutus 财神。

同源词：

1. plutarchy  [plut 财，archy 统治]
  n. 财阀统治

2. plutocracy  [pluto 财，cracy 统治]
  n.富豪统治,财阀统治

3. plutocrat  [pluto 财，crat 统治者]
  n.财阀,富豪,有钱有势的人

4. plutocratic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj. 富豪统治的,富豪 ( 般 ) 的

5. plutolatry  [pluto 财→金钱，latry 崇拜 ]
  n. 拜金,金钱崇拜

6. plutonomist  [pluto 财,onom(y) 学、-ist (n.) 表示人；“研究财政金融的专家”→]
  n. ( 政治 ) 经济学家

7. plutonomy  [pluto 财,nomy ... 学]
  n.经济学,政治经济学

8. plutonomic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.（政治）经济学的

9. plutus  [plut 财，-us 名词后缀]
  n.（希腊神话中的）财神

词根：phyt(o) = plant 植物

  来源于希腊语 phyton 植物,-phyte- / -phyto- 为 -phyt- 的变体，它相应的拉丁语词根为：-plant- / -flora- 植物。

同源词：

1. phytochemistry  [phyto 植物，chemistry 化学]
  n.植物化学

2. phytogeography  [phyto 植物，geography 地理学]
  n.植物地理学

3. phytopathology  [phyto 植物，pathology 病理学]
  n.植物病理学

4. phytopharmacy  [phyto 植物，pharmacy  药剂学]
  n.植物药剂学

5. phytotomy  [phyto 植物，tomy 切，割]
  n.植物解剖学

6. phytotoxicity  [phyto 植物，tox 毒，-icity 名词后缀]
  n.植物毒性

7. phytocidal  [phyto 植物，cid 杀，-al ...的]
  adj.杀害植物的

8. phytophagous  [phyto 植物，phag 吃，-ous ... 的]
  adj.食植物的

9. cryophyte  [cryo 寒冷，phyt 植物]
  n.冰雪植物

10. entophyte  [ento- 内，phyt 植物]
  n.内寄生植物

11. hydrophyte  [hydro 水，phyt 植物]
  n.水生植物

12. lithophyte  [litho 石、phyt 植物，-e (n.) 名词后缀；“在石头缝里生长的植物”→]
  n.石生植物

13. microphyte  [micro 微,小、phyt 植物，-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 微植物

14. paleophyte  [paleo 古、phyt 植物，-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 古生代植物

15. protophyte  [proto 原始、phyt 植物，-e (n.);“生长在原始社会的植物”→]
  n. 原生植物,单细胞植物

16. xerophyte  [xero 干燥、phyt 植物，-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n. 旱生植物

17. zoophyte  [zoo 动物，phyt 植物]
  n.植物形动物

词根：phyll(o) = leaf 叶

  来源于希腊语,它相应的拉丁语词根为：-foli- 叶，来源拉丁语 folium。

同源词：

1. phylloid  [phyll 叶，-oid 似...的]
  adj.叶状的

2. phyllophagous  [phyllo 叶，phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj.食叶的，以叶为食的

3. phyllophorous  [phyllo 叶，phor 带有，-ous ...的]
  adj.生叶的

4. phylloxanthin  [phyllo 叶，xanth 黄，-in 素]
  n.叶黄素

5. chlorophyll  [chloro 绿，phll 叶]
  n.叶绿素

6. chlorophyllous  [chloro 绿，phyll叶,-ous ...的]
  adj. 叶绿素的

7. leucophyll  [leuco 白，phyll 叶]
  n.叶白素（含在叶中的白色元素）

8. mesophyll  [meso 中间，phyll 叶；“叶中间的部分”]
  adj.叶肉

9. platyphyllous  [platy 广，阔，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.宽叶的

10. polyphyllous  [poly- 多，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.多叶的

11. protophyll  [proto 最初，原始，phyll 叶]
  n.原生叶，原始叶

12. aphyllous  [a- 无 / 没有、phyll 叶，-ous (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj.无叶的

13. diphyllous  [di- 两 / 二、phyll 叶，-ous (a.) 表示“…的”;“形容长有两片叶子的”→]
  adj.具两叶的

14. heterophyllous  [hetero 异，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.具异形叶的

15. monophyllous  [mono- 单一，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj. 单叶的，一叶的

16. triphyllous  [tri- 三，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.具有三叶的

17. tetraphyllous  [tetra- 四，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.具四叶的

18. pentaphyllous  [penta- 五，phyll 叶，-ous ...的]
  adj.具五叶的

19. xanthophyll  [xanth 黄，-o-,phyll 叶]
  n. 叶黄质

词根：reg (reig) = to rule（统治）, king（王）, 规则

  来自拉丁语的reg意为to rule，king。reig是它的变形。同义词根有来自希腊的arch,cracy/crat。
  （*拉丁文regere(=to rule),rex(=king)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. regal （治理的reg(=rule)）
  adj.国王的，帝王的；国王般的；庄严的，华丽的
  Our Great Dane,Bobby,has a noble,even regal manner.我们的大丹狗博比有一种贵族，甚至是帝王的风范。

2. regnant
  adj.统治的；优势的，占支配地位的
  Queen Regnant （作为君主的）女王

3. regicide
  n.弑君（罪）；弑君者 *cid(=kill)

4. Regina
  n.女王（略作：R.）
  Elizabeth Regina （略作：E.R,用于正式文件中）伊丽莎士白女王
  Regina v. Hay女王诉海案（诉讼事件的名称）
 
5. regent
  n.摄政王；<美>（州立大学的）校务委员
  adj.摄政的
  the Prince Regent 摄政王
  the Queen Regent 摄政女王
 
6. regency
  n.摄政；摄政统治区；摄政期；摄政权；<美>（州立大学等的）校务委员职位
  the Regency [英史]报政时期

7. regalia
  n.王位的标志（如王冠）；（官职、协会等的）徽章，标记

8. regime
  n.政权；政体
  military regime 军事政权
  under the old regime在旧政体下

9. regiment
  n.[军]团（缩写：regt,R.）；(~of)大群的
  v.使系统化；严密管制，编成团队
  regimentation n.系统化；严密管制
  the first battalion of the Manchester Regiment 曼彻斯特团第一营
  whole regiments of starlings 一大群惊鸟
  regiment the workers of a country严密控制一个国家的劳动者

10. regimental
  adj.团的；兵营式的
  n.(pl.)军装
  regimental colr/tie 团旗/团旗的装饰带
  in full regimentals 穿一身军装

11. regimen
  n.食疗法；养生法

12. region
  n.地域，地带，地区；（艺术、科学等的）领域；（身体的）局部，部位
  tropical/fertile/forest region 热带地区/富饶的地区/森林地带
  the lower/infernal/nether regions 地狱
  the upper regions 天国
  region beyond the grave 地府
  region of metaphysics 形而上学的领域
  abdominal /lumbar region 腹部/腹部

13. regular
  adj.端正的；整齐的；规律的；定期的；日常的；不变的；正规的，正式的；<美>政党领导选定的；<口>挺不错的
  n.(pl.)正规兵；常客；忠于自己政党的人
  regularly adv.有规则地；定期地
  garden regularly laid out 修剪得整整齐齐的花园
  regularity n.规则；一成不变
  win a prize for regularity of attendance 得全勤奖
  regular breathing /habits 有规律的呼吸/习惯
  regular customers 常客
  soldiers 正规兵; regular army 正规军; regular member 正式成员

14. regularize
  v.使有规律；使规范化
  regularize the proceedings 调节

15. regulate
  v.控制；管束；调整（机器等），调节
  regulator 调整者；调整器；（特别指手表等的）快慢针
  regulate one's conduct/expenditure 控制行为/费用
  regulate the traffic 指挥交通
  regulate a clock校准一只钟表
  regulate the speed of a machine 调节木器的速度

16. regulation
  n.调整，调节；规则，规定，法规
  adj.按规定的，正式的
  regulation of affairs /of a clock 业务的/钟的调整
  safety /traffic regulations 安全规则/交通规则
 
17. reign  *reig,reg(=rule)
  n.支配，统治；在位期间；优势
  v.支配；占优势；盛行
  the Reign of Terror 法国资产阶级革命期间的恐怖统治时期
  in the reign of King Alfed 在艾尔弗雷德国五的统治下
  reign of law /reason 法律/理性的主宰
  The King reigns,but he does not rule.国王是国家元首，但是不法理国家事。
  reign over people 统治人民
  Silence reigns.四周一片寂静
  reigning beauty 第一美人

词根：par(pair, per, pir, peer) = equal平等, 相等, 准备

    来源于拉丁语 par(=to arrange,to appear,to produce,equal) 意为“相等的,平等的”，pair,per,pir,peer这四个词根是词根par的变形。词根par的同义词根有来源于拉丁语的词根equ,同形异义词根有来源于拉丁语 parere 的词根par，意思是“生 ，生育，显示，出现”。

    追本溯源：par表示“相等”来自原始印欧语根*per-,最原始的含义是表示“切”，由此根产生的一个简单的单词pare,就是“切，削”的意思。把东西从中间切开一分为二就得到一对（pair);把东西切很多分，就得到各个不同的部分(part);客人来了，提前把苹果切好，就是准备(prepare)。由“切”引申出“带来”的含义，所以父母(parent)就把你带到这个世界上的人。

同源词：

1. apparel [靠近排列ap<ad(=to, near)+par(=arrange)]
  n. 衣着；服饰
  vt. 给…穿衣
  ex) My teacher told me that shorts aren't appropriate apparel  for class. 老师告诉我穿短裤来上课不合适。

2. imperative [在里面排列、整理的im<in(=in, intensive)+per<par(=arrange)]
  adj. 必需的；紧急的；必须服从的，强制的；命令式的
  n. 命令
  ex) It's imperative to remove your shoes once you enter the temple. 进入寺院时你必须脱掉鞋子。

3. imperious [在里面排列或整理的im<in(=in,intensive)+per<par(=arrange)]
  adj. 飞扬跋扈的，傲慢的，专横的；紧急的；迫切的
  ex) She's an imperious  little tot, always bossing around her young cousins. 她是一个专横的小女孩,经常对她的堂弟妹颐指气使。

4. irreparable [无法重新整顿或安排的ir<in(=not)+re(=again)+par(=arrange)]
  adj. 无法修补的；无法挽回的
  ex) A broken teacup is irreparable,no matter what the glue package says. 无论胶水的外包装上怎么写，摔碎的茶杯都是无法修补的。

5. apparition [出现在附近ap<ad(=to, near)+par(=appear)]
  n. 幽灵，鬼怪；幻影；特异景象
  She claims to see apparitions in the graveyard at night. 她坚持说晚上在墓地看到幽灵。

6. transparent [通过某种东西出现、显示到另一边的trans( =through,across)+par( =appear)]
  adj. 透明的；清澈的；明了的，明白的
  transparency/transparence  n. 透明（性）；幻灯片
  ex) The transparent turquoise waters of the Caribbean are spectacular. 加勒比海透明的蓝绿色海水非常壮观。

7. disparage [认为某人和自己不平等dis(=not)+par(=equal)]
  vt. 轻视，藐视；中伤，诽谤；贬低
  disparagement  n. 轾视；诽谤
  disparagingly  adv. 轻视地
  ex) Insecure people often disparage the achievements of others. 不安的人总是会贬低别人的成绩。

8. disparity [不同等dis(=not)+par(=equal)]
  n. 不同，不等
  ex) The disparity between rich and poor in Venezuela is startling.委内瑞拉的贫富差距令人吃惊。

9. impair[使与以前不一样im<in(=not)+pair<par(=equal)]
  vt. 损伤：削弱
  impairment  n. 损害，损伤
  ex) Alcohol had so impaired his faculties that he was unable to drive. 酒精极大地损伤了他的机能，以至于他开不了车了。

10. apparatus
  n. （一套）装置，设备；器械，器具；（身体的）器官；（政党或地下活动的）机构  *ap<ad(=near), par(=arrange)
  heating apparatus  暖气
  chemical apparatus  化学器械
  electric apparatus  电器设备
  digestive apparatus  消化器官
  bureaucratic apparatus  官僚机构
  espionage apparatus  间谍机构

11. empire
  n. 帝国 *em<en(=intensive), pir<par(=arrange)
  emperor  n. 皇帝
  empress  n. 皇后；女皇
  the Roman Empire  罗马帝国
  the British Empire  大英帝国
  Empire City  帝国城，纽约市的别名
  Empire State  帝国州，纽约州的别名
  Empire State Building  纽约帝国大厦（102层，381米．1931年竣工,1950年在大楼项部修建高67.7米的电视塔）

12. imperial
  adj. 帝国的；皇帝的；宏大的；专横的  *im<in(=intensive), per<par(=arrange)
  Imperial City  帝都，罗马的别名
  ex) His Imperial Majesty  陛下
  imperiai president 专横的总统

13. imperialism
  n.帝国主义：（领土）扩张主义 *im<in(=intensive), per<par(=arrange)
  imperiatist  n. 帝国主义者
  imperialistic  adj. 帝国主义的

14. parade
  n. 阅兵，阅兵式；行列；游行；炫耀
  v.（列队）行进；炫耀，夸耀  *par(=arrange)
  hold a parade  举行阅兵式
  march in parade  列队行进
  political parade  政治性游行
  be on paracte  在游行
  parade ground  阅兵场
  make a parade of one's virtues  夸耀自己的优点
  parade one's abilities  炫耀自己的能力

15. pare
  v. 削（水果等的）皮；修剪（指甲等）；修掉（边、角等）；消减 *par(=arrange)
  parings  n. 削下、刺下的东西
  pare one's naics  剪指甲

16. prepare
  v. 准备 *pre(=before),par(=arrange)
  preparedness  准备
  be prepared to  准备好做…

17. preparation
  n. 准备，预备；（药品的）调制，配制；配制好的东西  pre(=before), par(=arrange)  *par ( = arrange)
  preparations for war  战备
  make preparations for a voyage  准备航海
  pharmaceutical preparation  药物制剂

18. preparatory
  adj. 准备的，预备的 *pre(=before), par(=arrange)
  preparatory school  预备学校，预科

19. repair
  v. 修理；修补风修补  *re(=again), pair<par(=arrange)
  repairable  adj. 可修理的
  repairer  n. 修理工

20. reparable
  adj. （损失等）可补偿的；可修缮的 *re(=again), par(=arrange)

21. reparation
  n. 补偿；赔偿；(pl.)（战败国的）赔款  *re(=again), par(=arrange)

22. separate
  v. 分离，分开；分散  adj. 分离的，分开的；单独的; n. 不是成套的女装  *se(=away), par(=arrange)
  separately  adv. 个别地
  separator  n. （牛奶的）脱脂器
  separatist  n. （政治上或宗教上的）分离主义者

23. separation
  n. 分离：脱离；[律]（夫妇）分居  *se(=apart,away)，par(=arrange)
  separation of powers  分权
  judicial separation  （法庭判决的）夫妇分居
  atter a separation of five years  分离五年后

24. separable
  adj.可分离的 *se（= apart．away）

25. apparent
  adj. 明显的；明白的；外观的，表面的  *ap<ad(=near), par(=appear)
  apparently  adv. 明白地：外观上地，表面上地
  ex) in spite of her apparent indifference 尽管她表面上冷淡

26. appearance
  n. 出现；外观，外表，外貌  *ap<ad(=near),pear<par(=appear)
  appear  v. 出现．（演员、歌手、讲演者等）露面
  make an appearance  演出，露面
  to/ by all appearance(s)  从外表看

27. compare
  v. 比较，对照；比喻作；（可）与…相比；匹敌  *com(=together), par(=equal)

28. comparison
  n. 比较，时照；匹敌；比喻 *com(=together),par(=equal)

29. comparable
  adj. 可匹敌的；可比较的  *com(=together),par(=equal)
  ex) His achievements are comparable with the best. 他可以同成就最高的人相匹敌。

30. comparative
  adj. 比较的；[语]比较级的
  comparatively  adv. 比较地；有点 *com(=together), par(=equal)
  comparative literature  比较文学
  comparative religion  比较宗教
  comparative politics  比较政治学

31. compeer
  n. 地位相等的人；同伴  *com(=together),peer<par(=equal)

35. disparate
  adj. （质、量等）无法比较的，根本不同的,(pl．)无法比较的事物  *dis(=not)

36. pair
  n. 一对，一双，一副；一对（夫妻、情侣、舞伴等）  v. 成双，成对  *pair<par(=equal)
  the happy pair  幸福的一对
  in pairs  成双地，成对地

37. par
  n. 同等；平价；票面价值；平均，标准
  nominal par  票面价值
  issue par  发行价格
  above/below par  高于/低于票面价值
  on a par with  争…不相上下
  par of exchange  外汇平价

38. parity
  n. 同等，平等，同位；平价 *par(=equal)
  parity of exchange  外汇平价

39. peer
  n. 同辈；（社会地位或能力）同等的（或可以匹敌的）人；（英国的）贵族  v. 凝视，盯着看 *peer<par(=equal)
  peeress  n. 女贵族
  peerage  n. [总称]贵族；贵族头衔；贵族名册
  be raised to the peerage  晋升为贵族

40. peerless
  adj. 无可匹敌的 *peer<par(=equal),less(=without)

41. umpire
  n. 仲裁；（比赛的）裁判员 v. 仲裁；裁判 *um<un(=not),pir<par(=equal)
  act as umpire 担任裁判
  umpire a cricket match 担任板球比赛的裁判

42. vampire
  n.吸血鬼；吸血蝙蝠；高利贷者 *vamp(=temptress),pir<par(=equal)

43. oviparous
  adj. （鸟、鱼、爬虫类）卵生的  *ovi(=egg),par(=produce)

44. parental
  adj. 父母亲的  *par(=produce)
  parents  n. 双亲，父母
  parentage  n. 父母的身份
  parental authority  亲权
  parental anxieties  父母的担忧
  parental care  父母的熙顾

45. parricide
  n. 杀父母；杀父（或母）的人  *par(=produce), cid(=kill)

46. parturition
  n. 分娩，生产  *par(=produce)

47. viviparous
  adj. 胎生的 *viv(=Iife)，par(=produce)

词根：oste(o) = 骨

同源词：

1. osteology  [osteo 骨，-logy ...学]
  n. 骨学

2. osteologist  [osteo 骨，-logist ...学家]
   n.骨学家

3. osteitis  [oste 骨，-itis 炎症]
  n.骨炎

4. osteoarthritis  [osteo 骨，arthr 关节，-itis 炎]
  n.骨关节炎

5. osteocranium  [osteo 骨，cranium 头颅]
  n.骨颅

6. osteogenesis  [osteo 骨，gen 生，-esis 生物学名词后缀]
  n.骨生成；成骨；骨发生龙活虎

7. osteoid  [oste 骨，-oid 似...的]
  adj.似骨的,骨样的

8. osteoma  [oste 骨，-oma 肿瘤]
  n. 骨瘤

9. osteopathy  [osteo 骨，pathy 疗法]
  n.骨疗法

10. osteotomy  [osteo 骨，tomy 切]
  n.截骨术
 
11. periosteum  [peri- 周围，oste 骨，-um 名词后缀；“在骨的周围”→]
  n. 骨膜

12. periostitis  [见上，-itis 炎]
  n. 骨膜炎

词根：ot(o) = ear 耳

  来源于希腊语 ous/otos 耳,词根-oto- 为 -ot- 的变体，它相应的拉丁语词根为：-aur- 耳，来源于拉丁语 auris。

同源词：

1. otology  [oto 耳，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”;“研究与耳有关的学科”→]
  n. 耳科学

2. otologist  [见上，-ist 表示人]
  n.耳科学者；耳科医生

3. otopathy  [oto 耳，pathy 疾病]
  n. 耳病

4. otophone  [oto 耳，phon 声音、-e (n.) 名词后缀;“可以帮助耳朵听清声音的仪器”→]
  n.助听器

5. otorhinolaryngology  [oto 耳，rhino 鼻，laryngo 喉，-ology ...学]
  n. 耳鼻喉科学

6. otoscope  [oto 耳，scope 镜;“可以检查耳朵的带镜仪器”→]
  n.检耳镜,耳镜

7. otolith  [oto 耳，lith 石 镜→]
  n.耳石

8. otalgia  [ot 耳，alg 痛，-ci ...的]
  adj.耳痛的

9. otitis  [ot 耳，-itis 炎症]
  n. 耳炎

10. otic  [ot 耳，-ic ...的]
  adj.耳的，耳部的

11. parotic  [par- 在旁边，ot 耳；“在耳朵旁”→在耳朵下]
  n.耳下腺，腮腺

12. parotid  [par- 在旁边，ot 耳；“在耳旁”→，在耳朵下]
  n.耳下腺，腮腺

13. parotitis  [见上，-itis 炎症]
  n.腮腺炎

14. periotic  [peri- 周围，ot 耳，-ic ...的]
  adj.耳周围的

词根：ophi(o) = 蛇

  词根ophi(o) 派生出来的单词不多，也不是重点词根，这个词根来源基础词 ophite 蛇石，为它的变体，含义为它的引申义。

同源词：

1. ophite  [oph(i) 蛇，-ite 名词后缀，表示矿物
  n.蛇石,蛇纹大理石 ，纤闪辉绿央（与蛇有关的石头）

2. ophiology  [ophi(o) 蛇，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n. 蛇学,蛇类学

2. ophiologist  [ophi(o) 蛇，-logist (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学者”]
  n.蛇类学者

3. ophiolatry  [ophi(o) 蛇，latry 崇拜;“以蛇为偶像的崇拜”→ ]
  n.对蛇的崇拜

4. ophiolater  [ophi(o) 蛇，later 崇拜者;“崇拜各种蛇的人”→ ]
  n. 崇拜蛇者

5. ophiological  [ophio 蛇，-logical ...学的]
  adj.蛇类学的

6. ophiophagous  [ophio 蛇,phag 吃、-ous (a.) 表示“…的”;“形容喜欢吃蛇肉的”→ ]
  adj.吃蛇的,以蛇为食的

7. ophiomorphous  [ophio 蛇,,morph 形、-ous (a.) 形容词后缀;“形容类似蛇的形状的”→ ]
  adj. 蛇形的

词根：ov(i) = 卵

  来源于拉丁语 ovum，词根ov(i)有同形同义词根oo。

同源词：

1. oval  [ov 卵，-al 形容词后缀, ...的]
  adj.卵形的

2. ovary  [ov 卵，-ary 名词后缀，表示场所；“卵的场所”→]
  n.卵巢

3. ovaritis  [ovar(y) 卵巢，-itis 炎症]
  n.卵巢炎

4. ovate  [ov 卵，-ate ...的]
  adj.卵形的

5. ovicidal  [ovi 卵，cid 杀，-al ...的]
  adj.能杀卵的

6. oviduct  [ovi 卵，duc 引导；“引导卵子”→“输送卵子”→]
  n.输卵管

7. oviform  [ovi 卵，-form 有...形的]
  adj.卵形的

8. oviferous  [ovi 卵，fer 具有，-ous ...的]
  adj. 有卵的

9. oviparous  [ovi 卵，par 生，-ous ...的]
  adj.[生物]有卵的

10. oviposit  [ovi 卵，posit 放；“放卵”→]
  v. 产卵

11. ovoid  [ov 卵，-oid 似...形的,似...形之物]
  adj./n. 卵形的；卵形体，蛋形体

12. ovum  [ov 卵，-um 名词后缀]
  n. 卵

13. ovulite  [ov 卵，-u-,lite 石]
  n. 卵石，卵化石

14. obovate  [ob- 倒，ov 卵，-ate ...的]
  adj. （植物叶）倒卵形的

词根：ole(o) = 油

同源词：

1. petroleum  [petr 石，ole 油，-um 名词后缀]
  n.石油

2. petrolic  [petr 石，,ol(e),油，-ic ...的]
  adj.石油的

3. oleiferous  [ole 油，-i-,fer 产生，-ous ...的]
  adj.产油的

4. oleograph  [ole 油，graph 写，画]
  n.石印油画

5. oleoresin  [oleo 油，resin 树脂]
  n.含油树脂

6. oleometer  [oleo 油，meter 计]
  n. 难油计

7. olive  [ol=ole 油，-ive 表示物；“其果实能产油的一种植物”→]
  n.橄榄树；橄榄

8. olivaceous  [见上，oliv(e) 橄榄，-aceous 是后缀-ous 的扩展后缀，表示...的]
  adj.橄榄的；像橄榄的；橄榄绿的

9. olivary  [见上，oliv(e) 橄榄，-ary ...的]
  adj.橄榄形的

词根：odont(o) = tooth 牙齿/牙

  词根odont(o)来源于希腊语 odon 齿,-odonto- 为 -odont- 的变体,词根odont有异形同义词根：-tooth- / -teeth- 牙齿，其中，词根 -teeth- 是根据五元音 a/ e/ i/ o/ u 音的交替规律由 -tooth- 变来的，且为双元音，如：toothed 有齿的；另有异形同义词根dent(词根dent的变体有dont/dento/denti)来源于拉丁语 dens/den 牙齿。

同源词：

1. odontalgia  [odont 牙，alg 痛、-ia (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病；“牙很痛的疾病”→]
  n.牙痛

2. odontalgic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj. 牙痛的

3. odontic  [odont 牙齿，-ic ...的]
  adj.牙齿的

4. odontoid  [odont 牙齿，-id (a.) 表示“…的”；“与牙齿有关的词汇即”→]
  adj. 似牙齿的,齿状的

5. odontology  [odont 牙齿，-o- 连接词、-logy (n.) 表示“…学”，关于牙齿的科学]
  n.牙科学,齿科学

6. odontoma  [odont 牙齿，-oma (n.) 名词后缀，表示瘤；“长在牙齿上的肿瘤”→]
  n. 齿瘤

7. odontoscope  [odont 牙齿，-o-,scop 观察，-e 后缀；“观察牙齿的镜子”→]
  n. 检齿镜

8. macrodont  [odont 牙齿，macr(o) 大 / 长；“形容有很大 / 长牙齿的”→]
  adj. 有巨齿的

9. homodont  [hom(o) 相同，odont 齿]
  adj.同型齿的

10. microdont  [micro(o),小，odont 齿]
  adj.有小齿的，有微齿的

11. orthodontia  [orth 正，odont 齿，-ia 名词后缀]
  n. 正齿学，畸齿矫正术，娇形齿科学

12. orthodontist  [orth 正，odont 齿，-ist 人]
  n.齿娇正医生，娇形齿科医生

13. xanthodontous  [xanth 黄，odont 齿，-ous ...的]
  adj.有黄牙齿的；黄牙的

词根：nom(y) = 学, 术, 法, 治

  来源于希腊语 nomos 法律；词根 -nim- = -nym- = -nom-(name)，即该词根来源于 -nim- 或 -nym- 的变体；有同形异义词根：-nom- 名，如：nominate 提名这；有同类词根（在学校学习做学问）：-schol- / -school- 学校 / 学问，来源于拉丁语，如：school 学校 / 学院 / 学派、scholar 学者

同源词：

1. astronomy  [astro 星→星象，天文, -nomy- 学，研究与星星有关的学问→]
  n.天文学

2. astronomical  [见上，-ical ...的]
  adj.天文学的

3. astronomer  [见上，-er 者]
  n.天文学者

4. agronomy  [agro 田地,nomy 学,研究与田地有关的学问→]
  n.农艺学,农学

5. agronomic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.农学的，农艺学的

6. agronomist  [见上，-ist 者]
  n.农学家

7. anthroponomy  [anthrop 人，人类，-o-,nomy ...学]
  n.人类进化学

8. antinomy  [anti- 反对,相反,nomy ...学,与学问有些相反观点的看法→]
  n.两法相反,法律上的自相矛盾,两种法律问题的矛盾

9. autonomy  [auto- 自己,nomy ...学，自己管理自己的学问→]
  n.自治,自主,自治权

10. autonomous  [auto- 自己，nom ...学，-ous ...的]
  adj.自治（权）的

11. autonomist  [见上，-ist 者]
  n. 自治论者；主张自治者

12. heteronomy  [hetero 异，他，nomy法，治理，；“他人治理”→]
  n.他治，不自治，受补人统治

13. bionomy  [bio 生命,nomy 学,研究与生命有关的学科→]
  n.生理学,生态学

14. gastronomy  [gastro 胃,nomy 法,研究使胃不断满足的学问→]
  n.美食法,烹调法

15. heteronomous  [见上，-ous ...的]
  adj.受外界支配的，不自治的

16. bionomics  [见上，-ics ...学]
  n.生态学

17. gastronomic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.烹调法的,美食法的

18. gastronomist  [见上，-ist 人]
  n.爱吃的人；讲究吃的人

词根：necr(o) = death（死亡）, deadbody（死尸）

  来源于希腊语 nekros 死尸,词根necr 为  necro 的变体。

同源词：

1. necropolis  [necro 死尸，死者,polis 城,供死者安息的小城→]
  n.墓地,坟地

2. necrophagous  [necro necro 死尸，死者,phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj.吃死尸的，吃（腐）尸的

3. necrophobia  [necro 死，phob 恐，怕，-ia 表示疾病]
  n. 恐死症

4. necroscopy  [necro 死尸，scopy 看 / 检查,检查死者的尸体→]
  n.验尸,尸体剖检

5. necrosis  [necro 死，-osis (n.) 名词后缀，表示疾病,有关彻底死亡的病症→]
  n.坏死

6. necrotic  [necro 死，-tic ...的]
  n.坏死的

7. necrology  [necro 死，死亡，log 言→宣告，-y 名词后缀；“宣告死亡”→]
  n.死亡通知，讣告；死亡者名单

8. necrologist  [见上，-ist 表示人]
  n.写讣告者，编写死亡名单者

9. necromancy  [necro 死亡，死尸，mancy 占卜，利用死人来占卜的巫术→]
  n.向亡魂问卜的巫术

10. necrolatry  [necro 死尸，死,latry 崇拜,崇拜死人的现象→]
  n.对死者的崇拜

词根：nat, nasc(naiss, naiv) = to be born 出生

    词根nasc来源于拉丁语 nasci 出生，是它的不定式词干，它在英语中派生词数量较少，词根nat来源于 nasci 的完成时词干 ( 此动词无动名词形式 )；词根 -nasc-也可以理解为是根据辅音的交替规律由 -nat- 变来的，属于单 / 双辅音交替规律，词根nat有同形异义词根：-nat- 游泳，来源于拉丁语 natare，如：natant 漂浮的 / 游泳的、natator 游泳者。变形为naiss,naiv。


同源词：

1. innate（从出生时起就在某人之内的 in(=in) + nat(=to be born)）
  adj.天生的，天赋的，与生俱来的
  Birds have a miraculous,innate ability to navigate across continents. 鸟类天生就具有飞越大陆的惊人能力。

2. nascent（出生的 nasc (=born,native)）
  adj.尚未形成的；初期的
  The nascent age of internet communication has had its pitfalts. 早期的互联网通迅有缺陷。

3. nation
  n.国家；民族；国民
  nationhood n.作为一个独立国家的地位
  achieve nationhood 实现国家的自主独立
  nationwide adj.全国的
  Western nations 西方国家

4. national
  adj.国家的；国民的；民族的；国有的，国营的，国立的；全国性的
  n.国民，国人
  national anthem/debt/flag/holiday/language/mourning 国歌/国债/国旗/国定假日/国语/国葬
  National Security council 国家安全委员会
  National Assembly （韩国、法国等的）国民大会
  National Convention （政党的）全国代表大会

5. nationalism
  n.民族主义；国家主义；（受他国控制国家在政治上、经济上的）民族独立运动

6. nationalist
  n.民族主义者；国家主义者；民族独立运动拥护者；(N~)民族主义（或国家主义）政党成员
  adj.民族（或国家）主义的；独立运动的；族主义（或国家主义）政党成员的
  nationalistic adj.民族主义（者）的
  nationalist movement in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦的民族独立运动

7. nationality
  n.国籍
  What is your nationality ? 你是哪国人？
  ship of unidentified nationality 国籍不明的船只
  men of all nationalities 各国的人

8. nationalize
  v. 国有化；使成为国家
  nationalize the railways / the coal mines/the steel industry 使铁路/煤矿/钢铁工业国有化

9. nationalization
  n.国有化
  nationalization of the railways 铁路的国有化

10. native
  n.本地人；土著民；原产地的运动、植物
  adj. 出生的；出生地的；土著民的；与生俱来的，天生的；本土的；本国的；(-to)（动、植物等的）土生的；（金属）天然的
  native of New York /South Korea 土生土长的纽约人/韩国人
  native speaker of English 母语为英语的人

11. nativity
  n.出生，诞生；(the Nativity)耶稣隆生（图）
  Nativity Play 耶稣诞生剧

12. nature
  n.自然，自然界；自然力；自然状态，原始状态；天性，本笥；性质；各类；生命力；人体的本能（或需要）
  naturism n.裸体主义
  naturist n.裸体主义者
  the laws of nature 自然（界）法则
  human nature 人的天性
  good nature 和蔼，各善
  things of this nature 这种事
  Nature failed at last.最终耗尽了生命力
  ease/relieve nature 大便/小便

13. natural
  adj.自然的；自然界的；自然发生的；天生的，天赋的；自然状态的；天然的，不做作的；正常的；合乎自然规律的；[音]本位音的
  n.天生有才能的人；白痴；本位音
  naturally adv.自然地；天生地；当然；不做作地
  naturalism n.自然主义
  naturalistic adj.自然主义的
  natural enemy 天敌
  natural gas 天然气
  natural resources 自然资源
  natural rubber 天然橡胶
  natural sciences 自然科学
  natural selection 自然选择
  natural death 自然死亡

14. naturalist
  n. 博物学者（尤其指直接观察动、植物者）*ist(=person who)

15. naturalize
  v. 使（外国出生的人）加入国籍，使归化；采纳（外语、外国的风俗习惯等），吸收；使动、植物适应异域生长的环境
  naturalizatio n.归化；移植
  naturalization papers 归化国籍的相关文件
  She was naturalized in South Korea .她加入了韩国国籍
  naturalized citizen 归化公民

16. renascent
  adj.新生的；再生的，复兴的 *re(=again)
  renascence n.新生；再生，复兴

17. renalssance
  n.复活，复兴，再生；(the R~)文艺复兴运动（时期）*re(=again),naiss<nasc(=to be born)
  Renaissance art 文艺复兴时期的艺术

18. agnate
  n. 男系的（亲属）；同族的（人）《ag- = ad- = to 》
  agnatic adj. 男系亲属的
 
19. cognate
  adj.同族的；同起源的；同性质的（相同来源）《cog- = com- = together》

20. cognation
  n. 同族；亲戚

词根：mes(o) = middle 中间

  来源于希腊语,-mes- 为 -meso- 的变体。这个词根派生出来的单词多与一些动植物组织结构相关。

同源词：

1. mesentery  [mes 中间，enter 肠、-y (n.) 名词后缀;“长在肠子中间的薄膜” →]
  n.隔膜,肠系膜

2. mesial  [mes 中间，-ial 形容词后缀，...的]
  adj.中间的，中央的

3. mesenteritis  [mes 中间，enter 肠，-itis 炎症]
  n.肠系膜炎

4. mesoblast  [mes 中间，blast 胚，处在中间层次的胚→]
  n.中胚层

5. mesocarp  [mes 中间，carp 果；“处在果皮中间部分的”→]
  n.中果皮

6. mesosphere  [mes 中间，sphere 圈；“地处中央地段的圈”→]
  n.中圈,中层

7. mesocephalon  [mes 中间，cephal 头→脑，-on 名词后缀]
  n. 中脑
  mesocephalic  adj. [见上，-ic ...的] 中脑的

8. mesosperm   [mes 中间，sperm 种子；“处在种子中间的皮层”→]
  n.中皮层,种子的内皮

9. mesoderm  [meso 中间，derm 胚]
  n.中胚层

10. mesogastrium  [meso 中，gastr 腹，-ium 名词后缀]
  n.中腹部

11. mesophyll  [meso 中，phyll 叶；“叶的中部”→]
  n.叶肉

12. mesosperm  [meso 中，sperm 种子]
  n. 中种皮，种子的内皮

词根：liber, libr, liter, lev(el) = 天平, 秤, 称

  词根助记：lb 代表“磅”是拉丁语libra 的缩写。意大利的“里拉lira 也代表“磅”，2002年1月1日开始便不在市场流通（英语有很多词汇不断的增加，又有很多词汇，不断的消失不再使用，目前英语词汇约300万，每天不断几何级数增加，每天也有大量词汇不断废弃），但2002年2月29日前仍可兑换欧元。

  重量“称”后才知多少“磅”，称的时候两边会“平衡”。词根lev(el)是由于发生了t—v音变而来。

同源词：

1. deliberate  [de- 加强意义（=thoroughly）,liber 秤，称量→衡量，-ate 动词后缀，做...，作...,“仔细衡量”→认真思考→]
  v./adj. 仔细考虑，深思熟虑 [-ate 形容词后缀，...的]深思熟虑的，审慎的；故意的

2. deliberately  [见上，-ly 副词后缀，...地]
  adv.深思熟虑地，审慎地；故意地

3. deliberation  [见上，-ation 名词后缀]
  n.考虑，细想，谨慎；故意

4. deliberative  [见上，-ive ...的]
  adj.考虑过的，慎重的

5. equilibrate  [equi 相等，libr 天平，秤，-ate动词后缀；“使天平两边保持相等”→]
  v. （使）均衡，（使）平衡；（使）相称，（使）平均

6. equilibration  [见上，-ation 名词后缀]
  n.平衡，均衡；相称

7. equilibrator  [见上，-ator 表示物]
  n.平衡器

8. equilibrist  [见上，-ist 表示人]
  n.使自己保持平衡的人（如表演走钢丝者）

9. equilibrium  [equi 相等，libr 称，-ium 名词后缀]
  n.平衡，均衡；平均，相称

10. librate  [libr 天平，-ate 动词后缀]
  v. （如天平在平衡前的）摆动；保持平衡

11. libratory  [见上，-atory = -ory ...的]
  adj.保持平衡的；摆动的

词根：laryngo, = throat 咽喉

  来源基础词 larynx 喉，词根laryng为它的变体，含义与之相同 。scop 镜、（可以用来观看咽喉的带镜仪器，即喉头镜 / 喉镜）

同源词：

1. laryngitis  [laryng 咽喉，-itis (n.) 名词后缀，表示炎症]
  n.喉炎

2. laryngeal  [laryng 咽喉，-al (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
  adj.喉部的

3. laryngology  [laryng 滑，溜，-logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学”]
  n.喉科学

4. laryngologist  [laryng 滑，溜，-logist (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学者”]
  n.喉科学家

5. laryngological  [见上，-logical (a.) 表示“…学的”]
  adj.喉科学的

6. laryngoscope  [见上，scop 镜,-e (n.) 名词后缀]
  n.喉头镜,喉

7. laryngitic  [见上，-ic...的]
  adj.喉炎的

8. laryngoscopy  [见上，-y 名词后缀]
  n.喉镜诊察（法）

9. laryngotomy  [laryng 喉，tomy 切]
  n.喉切开术

10. larynx  n. [laryng  →larynx] 喉

11. otorhinolaryngology  [oto 耳，rhino 鼻，laryngo 喉，-logy ...学]
  n.耳鼻喉科学

词根：ferr(o) = iron 铁

  这个词根派生出来的单词，都是科技词汇，而且多为名词。词根ferr 来源于拉丁语 ferrum 意思是“铁”，这个词根与词根terr 只有一个字母的差别，但是来源和意思完全不同，注意区别。词根ferr 相应的希腊语词根为：-sidero- 铁，如：siderite 菱铁矿、siderolite 铁陨石；③有同类词根（铁属于金属）：-metal-， -metallo- 金属，分别来源于拉丁语 metallum 和希腊语，如：metallurgy 冶金、metallography 金相学、metalloid 类金属。

同源词：

1. ferrate  [ferr 铁，-ate 化学名词后缀，表示盐类]
  n.高铁酸盐

2. ferreous  [ferr 铁，-eous ...的]
  adj.硬如铁的；铁的；含铁的

3. ferric  [ferr 铁，-ic ...的]
  adj.铁的；含铁的

4. ferricyanide  [ferr 铁，-i-,cyan 氰，-ide 化学名词后缀]
  n.铁氰化物，氰铁酸盐

5. ferriferous  [ferr 铁，-i-,fer 带有，含有，-ous... 的]
  adj. 含铁的

6. ferrite  [ferr 铁，-i-,-ite 名词后缀，表示盐类]
  n.铁酸盐

7. ferroalloy  [ferro 铁，alloy 合金]
  n.铁合金

8. ferroaluminium  [ferr 铁，aluminium 铝]
  n.铁铝合金

9. ferrocobalt  [ferro 铁，cobalt 钻]
  n.铁钻全金

10. ferroconcrete  [ferro 铁，concrete 混凝土]
  n. 铁（钢）筋混凝土

11. ferrochrome  [ferro 铁，铬]
  n. 铁铬合金

12. ferromagnesian  [ferro 铁，magnesia 镁]
  adj.含有铁和镁的
  n.铁镁矿物

13. ferromagnetic  [ferro 铁，magnet 磁]
  adj./n. 铁磁的；铁磁体

14. ferromanganese  [ferro 铁，manganese 锰]
  n.锰铁，铁磁体

15. ferromolybdenum  [ferro 铁，molybdenum 钼]
  n.钼铁，钼钢，铁钼合金

16. ferronickel  [ferro 铁，nickel 镍]
  n.镍铁，铁镍合金

17. ferrosilicon  [ferro 铁，silicon 硅]
  n.硅铁，硅钢

18. ferrosteel  [ferro 铁，steel 钢]
  n.钢性铸铁

19. ferrotitanium  [ferro 铁，titanium  钛]
  n.铁钛合金

20. ferrotungsten  [ferro 铁，tungsten 钨]
  n.铁钨合金

21. ferrous  [ferr 铁，-ous ...的]
  adj.铁的；含铁的；亚铁的

22. ferrovanadium  [ferro 铁，vanadium  钒]
  n.铁钒合金

词根：febr(i) = 热

  来源于拉丁语 febris 发烧，有异形同义词根：ferv,calor,thermo 表示“热”，前二个词根来源于拉丁语,后一个词根来源于希腊语。

同源词：

1. febrific  [febri  热，-fic 形容词后缀，表示 致...的]
  adj.致热的；致生热病的

2. febricity  [febr 热，-icity 名词后缀]
  n.发热；热性

3. febricula  [febri 热，-cula 名词后缀，表示小]
  n.小热，轻热病，微热病

4. febrifuge  [febri 热，fug 逃；“使热逃散” → ]
  n.退热药，解热剂

5. febrifugal  [见上，-al ...的]
  adj.解热的，退热的

6. febriferous  [febri 热，fer 带有，具有 → 产生，-ous ...的]
  adj.生热病的

7. antifebrile  [anti- 反对，见上；“反对热” → 解热]
  adj./n. 退热的；退热药

8. febrile  [febr 热，-ile 形容词后缀]
  adj.热病的

9. antifebrin(e)  [anti- 反对，febr 热，-ine 名词后缀]
  n.[化学]乙酰苯胺（用作退热剂）

词根：entom(o) = 昆虫

  词根entom(o)来源于希腊语 enteoma 昆虫,它相应的拉丁语词根为：-insecti- 虫，来源拉丁语 insectum,这二个词根意思相同，来源不同即为异源同义词根。

同源词：

1. entomic  [entom 昆虫，-ic ...的]
  adj.昆虫的

2. entomology  [entomo 昆虫，-logy ...学]
  n. 昆虫学

3. entomologist  [entomo 昆虫，-logist ...学家]
  n.昆虫学家

4. entomological  [见上，-logical ...学的]
  adj.昆虫学的

5. entomologize  [见上，-ize 动词后缀]
  v.研究昆虫学

6. entomoid  [entom 昆虫，-oid 形容词后缀,如...的]
  adj.如昆虫的，似昆虫的

7. entomolite  [entomo 昆虫，lite 石]
  n. 昆虫化石

8. entomophagous  [entomo 昆虫，phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj.[动物]食虫的

9. entomophilous  [entomo 昆虫，phil 爱，-ous ...的;“虫喜爱的” → ]
  adj.[植物]虫媒的

10. entomotomy  [entomo 昆虫，tomy 切开 → 解剖]
  n.昆虫解剖；昆虫解剖学

词根：ethn(o) = nation, people 人种, 种族

  来源于希腊语 ethnos 人种，种族，有的书上介绍词根ethn(o) 来源于希腊语ethnikos。与这个词根异源异形，但意思相近或相关的的词根有来源于拉丁文populus的词根popul（人民），词根hum （人类），来源于希腊语demos 的 词根dem,来源于希腊文anthropos 的词词根anthrop （人）等。

同源词：

1. ethnical  [ethn 人种，-ical 形容后缀，...的]
  adj.种族的；人种学的

2. ethnology  [ethno 人种，-logy ...学]
  n.民族学

3. ethnologist  [ethno 人种，-logist ...学者]
  n.人种学者；民族学者

4. ethnologic  [ethno 人种，-logic ...学的]
  adj.人种学的；民族学的

5. ethnogeny  [ethno 人种，-gen 生长 → 起源，-y名词后缀]
  n.人种起源（学）

6. ethnography  [ethno 人种，graphy 写，记录 → 史]
  n.人种史；人种论

7. ethnographer  [见上，-er 者]
  n.人种史研究者；人种史学者

8. ethnocentrism  [ethno 人种，种族，centr 中心，-ism 主义 → 以自己（民族）为中心的 → ]
  n.种族（或民族）中心主义

9. ethnocentric  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.种族（或民族）中心主义的

10. paleethnology  [pale 古，ethno 人种，-logy ...学]
  n.古人种学

11. paleethnologist  [见上，-logist ...学者]
  n.古人种学者

12. paleethnological  [见上，-logical  ...学的]
  adj.古人种学的

词根：dendr(o) = 树

  词根dendr(o)来源于希腊语,它对应的拉丁语词根为：-arbor-，-sylva- 树，后者引申义为树林，如：arboreal 树栖的、silvics 森林生态学、silviculture 造林学。

同源词：

1. dendrology  [dendro 树，-logy ...学]
  n.树木学

2. dendrological  [dendro 树，-logical ...学的]
  adj.树木学的

3. dendrologist  [dendro 树，-logist ...学者]
  n. 树木学者，树木学家

4. dendriform  [dendr 树，-i-,-form 形容词后缀，如...形态的]
  adj. 树状的，结构上像树的

5. dendrite  [dendr 树，-ite 名词后缀，表示矿物]
  n.[地质]树枝石

6. dendritic  [dendr 树，-itic 形容词后缀，...的]
  adj. 树枝状的

7. dendroid  [dendr 树，-oid 形容词后缀，似...的]
  adj.似树的，树状的

8. dendroidal  [dendr 树，-oidal 似...的] = dendroid

9. dendrometer  [dendro 树，meter 测量器]
  n.（测量树木的直径和高度的）测树器

词根：dactyl(o) = 指, 趾

  来源于希腊语。在这里我们再介绍一个词根-vir- 意思是“男人”，来源于拉丁语 vir。这个词根派生出来的一个词是virile 意思是“男性的，男的，精力充沛的”，词根vir虽然与词根dactyl(o)没有关系，但是为了记忆dactyl(o)我们用这个词根来加强记忆。

同源词：

1. dactylogram  [dactylo 指，gram 写，画 →图形]
  n.指纹，指印

2. dactylography  [dactylo  指，graph 写，画→图形，-y  ...学，...法]
  n.指纹学；指纹法

3. dactylitis  [dactyl 指，趾，-itis ...炎]
  n.指炎；趾炎

4. monodactylism  [mono- 单一，dactyl指，趾，-ism 表示现象、状态]
  n.单指畸形；单趾畸形

5. didactylous  [di- 两，二，dactyl 指，趾，-ous ...的]
  adj.有二指（或二趾）的；二指畸形的；二趾畸形的

6. tridactylous  [tri- 三，dactyl 指，趾，-ous ...的]
  adj. 三指（或三趾）的

7. tetradctyl  [tetra- 四，dactyl 趾]
  n. 四趾动物

8. tetradactylous  [见上，-ous ...的]
  adj. 四趾的

9. pentadactyl  [penta- 五，dactyl 指，趾]
  adj.有五指（或五趾）的

10. polydactyl  [poly- 多，dactyl 指，趾]
  adj.多指（或趾）的

11. polydactylism  [见上，-ism 表示现象、状态]
  n.多指；多趾；多指（或趾）畸形

12. macrodactylia  [macro 大,dactyl 趾，指，-ia 名词后缀]
  n.巨指（趾）畸形

13. adactylia  [a- 无，dactyl 指，趾，-ia 名词后缀]
  n.无指（趾）畸形

14. pterodactyl  [ptero 翅，翼，dactyl 指→手]
  n.飞龙目动物（如翼手龙）

15. zygodactyl  [zygo 成对，dactyl 趾]
  n./adj. 对趾鸟；对趾的

16. syndactyl  [syn- 共同，合并，dactyl 指，趾]
  adj./n. 并指的；并趾的；并趾鸟（或动物）

17. syndactylism  [syn- 共同，合并，dactyl 指，趾，-ism 表示现象]
  n.并指；并趾；并指（或趾）畸形

18. dactyloscopy  [dactylo 指 → 指纹，scopy 观察，-y 名词后缀]
  n.指纹鉴定法

词根：cyan(o) = 蓝, 青, 氰

  词根来源于希腊语,相应的拉丁语词根为：-cerule- 蓝，该词根不常用。

同源词：

1. cyanate  [cyan 氰，-ate 化学名词后缀，表“酸盐”]
  n.氰酸盐

2. cyanic  [cyan 氰，-ic ...的]
  adj.氰的；含有氰的；青蓝色的

3. cyanide  [cyan 氰，-ide 化合物]
  n. 氰化物

4. cyanite  [cyan 蓝，-ite 石]
  n.蓝晶石

5. cyanogenetic  [cyano 氰，gen 产生，-etic ...的]
  adj.能产生氰化物的

6. cyanohydrin  [cyano 氰，hydr 水，-in 化学名词后缀]
  n.氰醇

7. cyanometer  [cyano 蓝，meter 测量器]
  n.（测量天空蓝度的仪器）天蓝计

8. cyanotic  [cyan 青，-otic 急...病的]
  adj.[医学]发绀的，青紫的

9. cyanosis  [cyan 青，-sis 表示疾病名称的后缀]
  n.[医学]发绀，青紫

10. cyanuric  [cyan 氰，ur 尿，-ic ...的]
  adj.氰尿的，三聚氰的

11. anthocyanin  [antho 花，cyan青，-in 素]
  n.[植物]花青互，花色素苷

12. ferricyanide  [ferri 铁，cyan 氰，-ide 化合物]
  n.铁氰化物

13. hydrocyanic  [hydro 水，氢 ，cyan 氰，-ic ...的]
  adj.氢氰的

14. hemocyanin  [hemo 血，cyan 蓝，-in 表化学名词后缀]
  n.血蓝蛋白

词根：chrom(o), chromat(o) = 色

  来源于希腊语 khroma/chromatos 色彩，色素，chromo，chromato，chromat 为 chrom 的变体，前两个用于辅音前，而其它两个则用于元音前。

同源词：

1. chromatic  [chromat 色，-ic 形容词后缀]
  adj.色彩的，颜色的

2. chromatics  [chromat 色，-ics 名词后缀...学]
  n.色彩学

3. chromatist  [chromat 色，-ist 人]
  n.色彩学家

4. achromatic  [a- 无，非，chromat 色，-ic ...的]
  adj.非彩色的

5. achromatize  [见上，-ize 动词后缀]
  v.使成非彩色

6. achromatopsia  [a- 无，chromat 色，ops 视，-ia 表病名]
  n.色盲，全色盲

7. monochrome  [mono- 单一，chrom 色]
  n./adj. 单色画，单色照片；单色的

8. monochromat  [mono- 单一，chromat 色；“单色”感觉，看任何颜色都是“一种颜色”，不能分辨颜色→]
  n.全色盲者

9. monochromatism  [见上，-ism 名词后缀，表示疾病]
  n.全色盲

10. monochromatic  [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj.单色觉的，全色盲的；单色的

11. monochromist  [mono- 单一，chrom 色，-ist 表示人]
  n.单色画家

12. polychrome  [poly- 多，chrom色]
  n.多色的；彩色

13. polychromy  [poly- 多，chrom 色，-y名词后缀]
  n.多色画法

14. polychromatic  [见上，-ic 形容词后缀]
  adj.多色的

15. bichrome  [bi- 两，chrom 色]
  adj.两色的

16. isochromatic  [iso 相等，chrom 色]
  adj. 等色的，同色的，一色的

17. beliochrome  [helio 太阳→天然，chrom 色,-e后缀]
  n. 天然色照片

18. beliochromy  [见上，-y 名词后缀]
  n.天然色照相术

19. homochromous  [homo- 相同，chrom 色，-ous ...的]
  adj.同色的

20. photochrome  [photo 照相，chrom 色]
  n.彩色照片

21. photochromy  [photo 照相，chrom 色，-y 名词后缀]
  n.彩色照相术

22. hemachrome  [hema 血，chrom 色]
  n.血色素，血色质

23. parachromatism  [para- 不正，错误，chromat 色，-ism 表示疾病]
  n.色觉倒错

24. panchromatic  [pan 全，泛，chromat 色]
  adj.[摄影]全色的，泛色的

25. orthochromatic  [ortho- 正，chromat 色]
  adj.[摄影]正色的

26. orthochromatize  [见上，-ize 动词后缀]
  v.使呈正色

27. metachromatism  [meta- 变，chromat 色，-ism 表情况]
  n.变色反应

28. metachromatic  [meta- 变，chromat 色,-ic ...的]
  adj.变色的

29. chromatin  [chromat 色，-in 表生物学名词]
  n.染色质

30. chromatogram  [chromato 色，gram 写]
  n.色层谱

31. chromatograph  [chromato 色，graph写→印]
  n.套色印刷复制

32. chromatophore  [chromato 色，phor 带有]
  n.载色体

33. chromatron  [chrom 色，彩色，-tron ...管]
  n.彩色电视显像管

34. chromatrope  [chrom 色,trop 转]
  n.彩色旋转幻灯片

35. chromatosis  [chromat 色，-osis 表示疾病]
  n.皮肤变色，色素沉着

36. chromogen  [chromo 色，gen 生]
  n.生色体，色素原，色母

37. chromogenic  [chromo 色，gen 生，-ic ...的]
  adj.生色的，发色的

38. chromolithograph  [chromo 色，litho 石，graph 写→印]
  n.彩色石印画

39. chromolithographer  [chromo 色，litho 石，graph 写→ 印，-er...人，...者]
  n.做彩色石印图者

40. chromolithography  [见上，-y 名词后缀]
  n.彩色石印刷术

41. chromophore  [chromo 色，phore 带有，具有]
  n.发色团；色基

42. chromoplast  [chromo 色，plast 质体]
  n.（细胞中）有色体

43. chromosome  [chromo 色,some 体]
  n.（细胞中）染色体

44. chromosphere  [chromo 色，shpere 球]
  n.（太阳的）色球层

45. chromoxylograph  [chromo 色，oxylo 木，graph 写，画]
  n.彩色木版画

46. chromoxylograph  [chromo 色，oxylo 木，graph 写，画,-y名词后缀]
  n.木版彩印术

47. chromophotograph  [chromo 色，photograph 相片]
  n.彩色相片

48. chromophotography  [见上，-y 名词后缀]
  n.彩色照相法

49. cytochrome  [cyto 细胞，chrom  色]
  n.细胞色素

50. trichromatic  [tri- 三，chromat 色，-ic ...的]
  adj.三（原）色的；三色版的

词根：crani(o) = 头颅, 头盖

同源词：

1. cranial  [crani 头盖,-al ...的]
  adj.头盖的，头盖骨的

2. craniate  [crani 头盖，-ate 有...的]
  adj.有头盖的

3. craniology  [cranio 头盖，-logy ...学]
  n.盖学，头骨学

4. craniologist  [cranio 头盖，-logist ...学者]
  n. 头盖学者

5. craniological  [cranio 头盖，-logical ...学的]
  adj. 头盖学的

6. craniometry  [cranio 头盖，metry 测量]
  n.头盖测量（法）；头盖测定学

7. craniometer  [cranio 头盖，meter 测量器]
  n.头盖测量器，测颅器

8. cranioscopy  [cranio 头盖，scop 看，察看，-y 名词后缀]
  n.头盖检查，颅诊察术

9. craniotomy  [cranio 头盖，tomy 切]
  n.头颅切开术，颅骨切开术

10. cranium
  n.头盖，头盖骨，脑壳

11. hemicrania  [hemi- 半，crani 脑壳；“半个脑壳”痛→]
  n.偏头痛

词根：andr(o) = man, male 人, 男人, 雄性

  来源于希腊语 andr 人,词根andr(o)派生出来的单词也比较多，这里列出来我们常用的词汇。

同源词：

1. android [andr 人，-oid 名词后缀，似...之物]
  n.（科学幻想小说中的）机器人，似人自动机

2. androphagous [andro 人，phag 吃，-ous ...的]
  adj. 吃人的

3. andrology  [andro 人，男人，-logy ...学]
  n. 人学；[医学]男科学

4. androgyne  [andro 男人，gyn 女人]
  n. 阴阳人，具有男女两性的人

5. androgynism  [andro 男，gyn 女,-ism 表示性质、状态]
  n. 半男半女

6. androgynous  [andro 人，gyn 女，-ous ...的]
  adj. 半男半女的，半男半女的

7. andromania  [andro 男，mania 狂热，病狂]
  n.男色狂

8. andromorphous  [andro 男人，phob 怕，-ia 表示疾病]
  adj. 人形的；男人形的

9. androphobia  [andro  男人，phob 怕，-ia 表示疾病]
  n. 畏男病，憎恶性症，男性恐怖

10. monandrous  [mon- 单一，andr 男，雄  -ous ...的]
  n. 一妻一夫制

11. polyandry  [poly- 多，andr 男人；“许多男人”→]
  n.一妻多夫制

12. polyandric  [poly- 多，andr 男，丈夫,-ic ...的→]
  adj. 一妻多夫制的

13. polyandrist  [poly- 多，andr 男，丈夫，-ist →]
  n. 多夫的女人

14. anandrous  [an- 无，andr 雄性，-ous ...的→]
  adj.无雄蕊的，缺雄蕊的

15. androspore  [andro 雄，spore 芽孢→]
  n.[植物] 雄芽孢，产雄器孢子

16. andropetalous  [andro 雄，petal 花瓣，-ous ...的→]
  adj. [植物]雄蕊花瓣状的

17. diandrous  [di- 两个，andr 雄，-ous ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具两雄蕊的

18. triandrian  [tri- 三，andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具三雄蕊的

19. tetrandrous  [tetr- 四，andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具四雄蕊的

20. pentandrous  [pent- 五，andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具五雄蕊的

21. hexandrous  [hex- 六，andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具六雄蕊的

22. heptandrian  [hept- 七，andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具七雄蕊的

23. octandrous  [oct- 八,andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具八雄蕊的

24. enneandrous  [oct- 九,andr 雄，-ian ...的→]
  adj. [植物]具九雄蕊的

25. decandrous  [dec- 十，andr 雄，-ous ...的]
  adj. [植物]具十雄蕊的

词根：anthrop(o) = man, human 人, 人类

  词根anthrop来源于希腊文anthrops,由anthr 和opos 构成。anthr 来自古希腊语aner,表示“人”；opos 表示“眼睛或脸”，在西方人的观念里，人类就用长有眼睛的脸来表示了。例如anthropology（人类学）就是研究人类的分布、起源、进化、文化信仰和习俗的学科。anthropology 一词最早出现在古希腊思想家亚里士多德的著作中，不过当时的意思并非“人类学”，而是指“如何对待人类”；亚历山大大帝的英文名叫做Alexander,alex表示“保护”，ander和anthr 同源，表示“人类”，亚历山大的寓意就是“人类的保护者”！

  另一词源释义：来源于希腊语 anthropos 人，该词根在构词中经常跟元音字母 o 连用，所以可以将词根 -anthropo- 看成它的同源异形词根，在它后面可接一些科学术语，可构成学科名，如：anthropography 人类志、anthropotomy 人体解剖学。类似的词汇可以讲字尾 -y 去掉，加上后缀 -ist 或 -ic，就可变成某某学家和形容词了。

同源扩展：

同源词：

1. anthropic
  adj.人类的（-ic形容词后缀）

2. anthropology
  n.人类学（-logy=science;研究人的学问）

3. anthropoid
  n.类人猿

4. anthropography
  n. 人类志(graphy=writing;记录人类的东西）

5. misanthrope
  n.厌世者（mis-=hate;厌恶人类的人）

6. philanthropy
  n. 慈善；善心；博爱(phil= to love)

7. anthropologist
  n. 人类学家（-ist名词后缀）

8. anthropocentric
  adj. 认为人为宇宙中心的；以人类的观念解释宇宙万物

9. anthropogenesis
  n. 人类起源学( gene=generate)

10. anthroposociology
  n. 人类社会学（sociology社会学）

11. anthropogeography
  n. 人类地理学（geogoraphy地理学）

12. anthropomorphous
  n. 有人形的；拟人的

13. anthropomorphize
  v. 拟人；赋予人性；人格化(morph=form)

词根：bi(o) = life 生命, 生物

  词根bi(o)来源于希腊文bios ,意为“life （生命，生物）”。这个词根bi与前缀bi-完全一样的二个字母，但是却是二个完全不同的东西，一个是词根，一个是前缀。

同源词：

1. biology  [bio生物，-logy ...学]
  n.生物学

2. biologist  [bio 生物，-logist ...学家]
  n.生物学家

3. biography  [bio 生物，graph 词根表示“写”，文字 → “记录”,-y 名词后缀：“一人生平的记录”→]
  n.传记

4. biographer  [见上，-er 表示“人”的后缀→]
  n.传记者

5. autobiography  [atuo 自已，bio 生物，graph 词根表示“写”，文字 → “记录”,-y 名词后缀→]
  n.自传

6. biotic  [bio 生命，生物，-tic 形容词后缀,...的 → ]
  adj. 生命的，生物的

7. antibiotic  [anti 反对，抗，见上 →]
  adj./n. 抗生的；抗生素

8. amphibian  [amphi 两， bi 生物，-an 名词及形容词后缀 →]
  n./adj. 水陆两栖生物；水陆两栖的，水陆（或水空）两用的

9. amphibious  [见上，-ous ...的]
  adj. 两栖的，水陆（或水空）两用的

10. microbiology  [micro- 微，biology 生物学→]
  n.微生物学

11. microbiologist  [见上，-ist 表示人→]
  n.微生物学者

12. macrobian  [macro- 长，bi 生命，-an 表示人 →]
  n.长寿的人

13. biosphere  [bio 生物，sphere 范围→]
  n. 生物圈,生物层

14. biocide  [bio 生物→虫，cid 杀]
  n.杀虫剂

15. biochemistry  [见上，chemistry →]
  n.生物化学

16. biophysics  [见上，physics 物理学→]
  n.生物物理学

17. bioelectricity  [见上，electricity →电流]
  n.生物电流

18. bioexperiment  [见上，experiment →实验]

19. bioclean  [bio 生物→策生物→细菌，clean 清洁的→]
  adj.无菌的

20. biometry  [bio 生物，metry=meter 测量→]
  n.寿命测定；生命统计学

21. symbiotic  [sym- = together 一起，共,-tic 形容词后缀 ]
  adj. 共生的

词根：cent(i) = 百, 百分之一

  词根cent来源于拉丁语的centum(hundred),这个词根与另一个同形的前缀cent-来源于拉丁语,都表示"hundred"。

同源词：

1. percent [per每，cent 百]
  n.每百中，百分之...

2. percentage [见上，-age 抽象名词后缀]
  n.百分数，百分比

3. centennial [cent 百，enn 年，-ial 形容词后缀]
  adj. 一百年的

4. centenarian  [cent 百，en <— enn 年，-arian 名词后缀，表示人]
  n.百岁老人

5. centigrade  [centi 百，grade 度]
  adj.分为一百度的，百分度的

6. centipede  [centi 百，ped 足：“百足虫”]
  n.蜈蚣

7. centuple  [cent 百，-u- 连接字母，-ple 倍]
  n./adj./v. 百倍；百倍的；使增至百倍

8. century  [cent 百，-u- 连接字母，-ry 名词后缀]
  n.一百年，一世纪

9. bicentennial  [bi- 二，cent 百，enn年，-ial 形容词后缀]
  n.二百年一次的；持续二百年的

10. centigram  [centi 百分之一，gram 克]
  n.厘克

11. centiliter [centi 百分之一，liter 公升]
  n.厘升

12. centimeter  [centi 百分之一，meter 米]
  n.厘米

13. cent [一元的百分之一]
  n.分（货币的单位）；分币

14. centurion
  n.（古罗马的）百夫长 *cent(=hundred)
  ex When Jesus had entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him, asking for help. 耶稣进了迦百农，有一个百夫长前来求助。

15. centenary  [cent 百,en = ann 年,-ary 名词或形容词后缀]
  n.一百年；百年纪念
  adj.百年的

16. centuplicate  [cent 百，-u- 连接字母 plic 多，倍，-ate 动词后缀]
  v.以百乘之；使成百倍；印一百份

词根：cept, cap, capt, ceiv(ceit, cip, cup) = to take, to seize 拿, 抓,

  来源于拉丁语 capere意为 to take,to seize。变形为 ceit,cip,cup。同义词根有来自拉丁语的prehend/prehens,pris,empt/em,rap/rav,sum/sumpt,lab/lep 等。其中 cap(cip)还有head 的含义。
    —— 出处金正基《英语词根词典》

  词根cap来源于拉丁语capere ,可以追溯到原始印欧语根*kap-,表示“take,hold,seize（取，抓住）”。我们熟知的单词have同出此源，h-c互换，p-v互换，其构词智慧可理解为“只有抓住了，才能称得上是拥有”。单词capable 由cap 加上形容词后缀-able构成，表示“能够取得的，能够抓住的”，所以表示“有能力的，能干的”。根据元音弱化规律，cap衍生出了ceive 这个词根。为了衔接后面的成分，cap加上字母t,演变成了capt/cept。capture （捕获）和captivate（迷惑）同源，所谓“迷惑”，也就是你的心被他或她“捉住”。单词concept 表示‘概念、观念’，（大家熟知的《新概念英语》就是New Concept English）前缀con-表示全部，cept是抓，这里引申为接受，概念就是大家都接受的东西。名词conception还有怀孕的含义，把精子和卵子“抓”到一起来，不就怀孕了吗？电影Inception （《盗梦空间》）这个单词体现出来的核心概念就是“进到别人的梦境里去获取（拿）大脑里面的信息”，再深层次就是“进入梦境里面植入构想”前缀in-表示“里面”,cept-表示“拿”，-tion是名词后缀。单词incetion还有“开始”的含义，就是“拿在手里，开始着手做”的意思。

  来源于拉丁语 capere/capax 拿 / 容纳，它的同源异形词根有四个：-capt- / -cept- / -ceive- / -cip-，它们的拼法之所以不同是由于历史原因造成的。像ceiv- 的拼法是由拉丁语到法语，再由法语到英语的。所以，当你看到由-ceiv- 构成的词汇时，可以试试它与 -cap- 的联系。如：captive 俘虏、capture 捕获 / 战利品、deception 阴谋 / 诡计、deceptive 虚伪的 / 欺骗的、conceive 想象 / 设想、perceive 了解 / 觉察、incipient 初期的 / 刚开始的、incipience 初期 / 早期；②来源于词根 -cap- 头 / 首的变体，含义为它的引申义。
【引申】取/拿/抓住/握住/容纳/接收
【属性】母义：-cap- = hold/ catch/ take/ seize/ receive 拿 / 抓 / 取 / 握住 / 接收
【其他】① -capt- / -cep(t)- / -ceiv(e)- / -cip- / -cup- 为 -cap- 的变体，有同形异义词根：-cap- 头；②有异形同义词根：-cep- / -cept- / -ceiv- / -cip- / -em- / -mpt- / -sum- / -decho- / -deco- 拿 / 拿出，后两者是它相应的希腊语词根，如：decorate 装饰
   —————— 出处贾晶晶《赢在单词》


同源词：

1. concepte（con<com(=together) + cept(=take) 一起抓、取 -->抓住全部思想的精华，你就会有自己的思想体系，进而形成一种观念，即观念）
  n.概念，观念
  Dr.Jameson's theory about personality is not a new concept. 詹姆森博士有关人格的理论不是一种新概念。
  conception n. 概念，观念

2. inception（带到里面去 in(=in,on) + cept(=take)）
  n.开始，起初，发端 （着手；启程）
  inceptive adj. 开始的，起初的 n.表始动词
  At its inception,our company had just 2 employees. 在创立初期，我们公司只有两名员工。

3. intercept （在中间抓住、夺取 inter(=between) + cept(=take)）(inter 在…中间+cept 拿住→拦截)（在你回家途中抓住你，即拦截 / 阻止）
  vt. 拦截
  interception n.拦截
  interceptor n.拦截者；拦截机
  Could you please intercept Ms. Barnes on her way out and give her this message? 你能拦住巴恩斯女士告诉她这个消息吗？
  inception n. 开始，开端

4. perceive（能过某种事情抓住或理解 per(=through) + ceiv(=take)）
  vt. 察觉，感知；认识到；理解
  perception n.察觉，感知
  perceptible adj.可感觉到的
  perceptive adj.感知的；敏锐的
  perceptibly adv. 可察觉地，可感觉地 cf.imperceptibly adv. 察觉不到地，细微地
  Studies show that two witnesses can perceive the same event quite differently. 研究表明，两名证人对同一事件的理解可能有很大的不同。

5. precept（事先抓住 pre(=before) + cept(=take)）
  n.训诫；戒律 （拿到众人之前的东西）
  preceptor n.教师，训诫者
  One of the main precepts of the Boy Scouts is to be " morally straight and clean" 。童子军的要训诫之一是“品德端正纯洁”。

6. susceptible（容易被捕捉的 sus<sub(=under,intensive) + cept(=take)）
  adj.易受影响的，易动感情的；敏感的；允许的；可以...的 （被放到 ～ 之下 -->蒙受）
  susceptibility n.多情，善感；敏感
  susceptive adj. 能感受到的，容许的
  Dong't bother flirting with me . I'm not susceptible to your dubious charms. 不要向我卖弄风情，我对你的风情不感冒。

7. capacious （收容很多人的cap (=take)）
  adj.容积大的，宽敞的，广阔的
  capacity n. 容量，才能；资格；接受能力 (cap+acity→拿住的能力→容量;才能)（把你头部有用的部分都抓出来，这样你的才能才有可能，全部发挥出来，即才能）

8. caption（抓住或采用 capt(=takek)）(cap+抓+ion 抓住主要内容→标题)
  n.（杂志等报道的）标题，题目；附在照片、插图上的说明文字；（电影的）字幕
  vt. 为...添加标题
  The caption under the picture was wrong. The editor made a mistake. 那张图下面的说明文字不对，编辑弄错了。
  capacious adj. 宽阔的;容积大的

9. recipient（作为酬谢收下 re(=back) + cip<cap(=take)）
  n.接受者，受领者
  adj.接受的，受领的
  The award recipient was so nervous he tripped and fell of the stage! 那个获奖者太紧张了，以至于绊倒摔下了舞台！

10. receptive（很好地接受、理解的 re(=intensive) + cept(=take)）
  adj.易于接受的；接受的
  receive v.接受；接待
  reception n.接受；接待；欢迎会
  receptionist n.招待员
  received adj.被认可的，被认为标准的
  The mechanics union officials seem to be receptive to the new offer. 技工工会的干部似乎接受了新提议。

11. accept （ac- (=to) 去（去抓住一切机会接近他，他真的很亲切，即接收 / 认可））
  v. 接受；答应；认可；[商]承兑（汇票） *ac<ad(=near)
  accept an invitation 接受邀请

12. acceptable
  adj.可接受的；令人满意的 *ac<ad(=near)
  acceptability n.可接受 (accept+ability→接受能力)
  acceptable present 令人满意的礼物

13. acceptance
  n.接受；承认；承兑，认付；承兑汇票 *ac<ad(=near)
  acceptance speech <美>总统候选人接受提名时所作的演讲
  acceptance payable 应付承兑汇票
  acceptance receivable 应收承兑汇票

14. accepted
  adj.公认的 *ac<ad(=near)

15. conceive
  v.抱有（想法等）；构想，构思，想像；认为；怀孕 *con<com(=with,togehter)

16. conceivable
  adj.可想到的，可想象的 *con<com(=with,together)
  conceivably adv. 想得到地

17. conception
  n.想法，构想；概念；怀孕
  conceptual adj.概念上的
  conception cotrol 避孕

18. conceit
   n.自豪;自大，自负，自满；奇想，幻想
   conceited adj.骄傲自满的，自以为是的 *con<com(=intensive,together)

19. contraception
  n.避孕（法）*contra (=against)
  contraceptive n.避孕工具，避孕药 adj.避孕（用）的 *contra (=against)
  contraceptive pills/devices 避孕药/避孕用具

20. deceive
  v.欺骗，行骗 *de(=away)
  deceiver n.骗子
  deceivingly adv. 欺骗地

21. deception
  n.欺骗，行骗；受骗；诈术，诡计 *de(=away)
  gross deception 大骗局
  deceptive adj.欺骗的；虚伪的；迷惑（人）的 (de(=away) 坏+cept+ive→拿坏的东西来→欺骗性的)

22. deceit
  n.欺骗，欺诈；谎言，欺诈手段 *de(=away)

23. deceitful
  adj.骗人的，欺诈的
  deceitfully adv. 欺骗地，骗人地
  deceitful behavior 欺诈的行为

24. except (ex 出→cept→拿出)
  v.把...除外 prep. 除...之外 *ex(=out)
  excepting prep. 除...之外
  present company excepted 不计这里的几个人

25. exception
  n.除外；例外；例外的人（或事物）；异议 *ex(=out)

26. exceptional
  adj.例外的；特别的，特殊的 *ex(=out)
  exceptionally adv. 例外地；特别地
  exceptionable adj.可反对的，可提出异议的
  exceptional child 特殊/异常儿童（因智力低下、身心障碍等需要接受特殊教育的儿童）

27. receptacle (re 再+cept+acle 东西→拿东西的东西→容器)
  n.容器

28. capable
  adj. 有能力的，有才能的，（人）有能力做...的

29. capability
  n.能力；（pl.）潜能
  nuclear capability 核能力

30. captivate
  v.（使）迷惑

31. captive
  adj.（人、兽）被俘；受监禁的
  captive audience 受制听众（指心理上被动接受广告等宣传的人）

32. captivity
  n.被俘；囚禁
  in captivity 被俘；被囚禁

33. captor
  n.捕捉者，捕获者

34. capture (capt+ure→抓住毛病→挑剔的)（抓住了敌人，且获得了很多战利品，即捕获 / 战利品 / 俘获）
  v.捕获，俘虏；夺取；获得（奖项），赢得 n.捕获，俘虏；捕获物
  capture of a thief 捕获小偷

35. incapacitate (in 无+capacit 能力+ate→无能力)
  v. 使无能力，使不能 *in(=not)

36. incapable
  adj.不能的；无能的；不能正常行动的 *in(=not)
  incapability n.无能
  drunk and incapable 醉得不能动的

37. recapture
  v.夺回 *re(=back)

38. anticipate (ant<ante(=before) 前+cip 抓+ent→开始抓→开始的)
  v.预料;预期
  anticipatory adj.预期的，预先的
  anticipation n.预期；预料；预料的事物 *ant<ante(=before)

39. incipient (in+cipi 抓+ent→开始抓→开始的)
  adj.开始的;初期的
  incipient decay of the teeth 早期龋齿

40. participate
  v.参加，参与 *part(=part) （取得一部分）
  participation n.参加，参与
  participant adj.参加者，参与者
  participatory adj.参与的
  participatory democracy 分享民主制

41. participle
  n.[语]分词 *part(=part)（同时进行两件工作）
  participial adj.分词的

42. principal (prin(=first) 主要的+cip + -al)
  adj.主要的，首要的，最重要的 n.校长，（组织的）负责人；（经济人或代理人所代表的）委托人，本人；主要屋架；本金，资本；主犯 *prin(=first)
  principally adv. 主要地
  principal and accessory 主犯与从犯

43. principle
  n.原理，原则；信条，主义 *prin(=first)
  moral principles 道义
  low /high pricipled woman 品格低下的/高尚的女人

44. prince
  n.（小国的）君主，诸侯；王子；...公；巨着；名家 *prin(=first) ,ce<cip(=take)
  princedom 小国君主的地位或领地
  precess n.王妃；公主
  ON PRINCE 马基雅维利的《君主论》
  the Crown Prince/the Price lmperial 王储/太子
  teh Prince of Wales 威尔士王储

45. princely
  adj.王子般的；高贵的；慷慨的；豪华的；庄严的 *prin(=first),ce<cip(=take)
  princely gift 丰厚的礼物
  princely mansion 豪华住宅

46. principality
  n. 公国；侯国；封邑；（the P～）威尔士的别称

47. recipe
  n.烹饪法；（药剂等的）处方（符号R）；诀窍 *re(=again,intensive)

48. occupy (oc 再次+cupy 抓→抓住地盘→占领)
  v. 占领，占据;使用,占用（时间、场所）；使（某人）从事；担任（职务）*oc<ob(=near,against,intensive)
  " Occupid" （使用中（挂在厕所、浴室等们上加以提示）

49. occupation
  n.职业；居住；占有，占领 *oc<ob(=near,against,intensive)
  army of occupation 占领军
  occupational adj.职业的 *oc<ob(=near,intensive)
  occupational experience 工作经验、工作经历

50. occupant
  n.（职位的）占有者，（房屋等的）现居住者 *oc<ob(=near,intensive)
  occupancy n.（房屋、土地等的）占有；战用期

51. occupler
  n.占有者；（土地或房屋的临时的）占有者 *oc<ob(=near,intensive)

52. preoccupy
  v.使（某人）全神贯注；抢先占有，抢先占据 *pre(=before),oc<ob(=near,intensive)

53. preoccupled
  adj.全神贯注的；热衷的；抢先占有的 *pre(=before),oc<ob(=near,intensive)
  preoccupied by family troubles 一心只挂念家中麻烦的
  preoccupied with thoughts of the coming holidays 一心只想着即将到来的假期的

54. preoccupation
  n.全神贯注，专注；偏见；关注的事物；抢先占有   *pre(=before),oc<ob(=near,intensive)
  her greatest preoccupation 她最关注的事

55. recuperate
  v.恢复（健康）；挽回（损失等） *re(=backe)
  recuperation n.恢复；挽回
  recuperative adj.恢复的；有恢复力的

56. receive (re 再+ceive 抓→全部→发觉)
  v.接受;收到;理解；欢迎；收容（拿到自己这一方）
  receivable adj.可接受的
  receiver n.收受人；收报机；受话器
　
57. emancipate (e 出+man 手+cip+ate 提前抓住→预料)
  v.解放；解除；使脱离（把手中的东西拿出来）《e- = ex-(=out) + man = manus(=hand) + cipate(=to take)》
  emancipation n.解放

58. receipt
  n. 收据

词根：bar (baro, bary) = 重, 压

  来源于希腊语 baros 重量，其中词根baro,bary 为bar的变体，如：baryon 重子；词根bar有同形异义词根：bar 含义是横木，栏杆，如：barrier 障碍物；bar相应的拉丁语词根为：-gravi-/ -press- 重 / 压，分别来源于拉丁语gravis 和 premere，如：gravity 重力 / 地心引力 / 严重性、pressure 压力 / 压迫 / 压强、suppress 压制。

同源词：

1. baric  [bar 重，压→气压，-ic 形容词后缀 →]
  adj.气压的

2. barite  [bar 重，-ite 名词后缀，表示矿物 →]
  n.重晶石

3. barogram  [bar 压，气压，gram 写，画 →]
  n.气压图

4. barology  [bar 压，-logy ...学 →]
  n.重力学，重力论

5. baromacrometer  [baro 重，macro 长，大，meter 测量器]
  n.产儿体重，身长测量器

6. barometer [baro 压→气压，meter 测量器]
  n.气压计；晴雨表

7. barometric  [baro 压 → 气压，metr 测量，-ic形容词后缀 ]
  adj.气压（计）的，测定气压的

8. barometry  [baro 压 → 气压，metry  测量法→]
  n.气压测定法

9. baroscope  [baro 压 → 气压，scop 看，观察 →]
  n.气压测验器

10. barothermograph  [baro 压 → 气压，therm 热 → 温度，-o- 连接字母，graph 写→ 记录]
  n. 气压，温度记录器

11. isobar [iso 相等，bar 重，压 → 气压→]
  n. 等压线，等压线

12. isobaric  [isobar + -ic 形容后缀→]
  adj. 等压（线）的

13. centrobaric  [centr 中心，-o-连接字母，bar 重，-ic 形容词后缀 →]
  adj. 重心的

词根：alg(o) = 痛

  由词根alg多与表示“疾病”的后缀 -ia 构成很多关于疾病的词汇，而且这些派生出来的单词多为名词，词根alg来源于希腊语 algos 痛。algo为词根alg的变体，用于辅音前，而它则用于元音前；有异形同义词根：agon,pain 意为

“痛，痛苦”。

同源词：

1. algometer  [alg 痛，-o-,meter 计 →]
  n. 痛觉，测验器，痛觉计

2. algometric [见上，-ic ...的]
  adj. 痛觉测验的

3. arthralgia  [arthr 关节，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病  →]
  n. 关节神经病，关节痛

4. cephalalgia  [cephal 头，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 头痛

5. cardialgia [cardi 心，alg 痛,-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.心痛

6. enteralgia  [center 肠，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 肠痛

7. neuralgia  [neur 神经，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.神经痛症

8. neuralgic  [neur 神经，alg 痛，-ic ...的 →]

9. odontalgia  [odont 牙，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.牙痛
  odontalgic  adj.  [见上，-ic ...的] 牙痛的

10. gastralgia  [gastr 胃，alg 痛,-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 胃痛

11. otalgia  [ot 耳，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.耳痛

12. rachialgia  [rachi 脊椎，alg 痛,-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 脊椎痛，脊柱痛

13. adenalgia  [ aden 腺，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 腺痛

14. nephralgia  [ nephr 肾，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 肾痛

15. pleuralgia  [ pleur 肋膜，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.肋膜痛，胸膜痛

16. myalgia  [ my 肌，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 肌痛

17. metralgia  [ metr = metro 子宫，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n. 子宫痛

18. hemialgia  [ hemi- 半，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.半身痛证，偏侧痛

19. hyperalgesia  [hyper- 过多，alg 痛，-ia 表示疾病 →]
  n.涌觉过敏
  hyperalgesic  adj. [见上，-ic ...的  →] 涌觉过敏的

20. hypalgesia  [ hyp-  少，弱，alg 痛， -esia 表示疾病  →]
  n. 痛觉迟钝

21. antalgic  [ ant- 反，对 → 制止，alg 痛 ,-ic ...的  →]
  adj./n.止痛，镇痛的；止痛药，镇痛剂

22. analgesia  [an- 无，alg 痛， -esia 表示疾病  →]
  n. 痛觉缺失，无痛

23. nostalgia  [nost 来自希腊语的nostos,意为“回家”，alg 痛 → 有痛经常是痛的→病→“回家病”→]
  n.怀乡病
  nostalgic  adj. [见上，-ic ...的 →] 怀乡的

24. rhinalgia  [ rhin 鼻，alg 痛，-a 表示疾病→]
  n.鼻痛

词根：agogue(agog) = lead, leader 领导, 领导者, 引导

  词根agogue 来源于希腊语 agogos/agein 领导，其中词根agog为agogue的变体,与这个词根相关的词根有来源于希腊语 anarchos的anarch，anarcho，这二个词根的意思都表示“没有领导人，无政府主义的”分别用于元音和辅音前，如：anarch无政府主义者、anarchism 无政府主义，由这二个词根派生的单词还有很多。下面是词根agogue(agog)派生出来的单词，请注意有的书籍上把agog作为词根含义是“引导”，如英文单词的奥秘一书中就是这样解释的，有的书籍把agogue作为词根，如刘毅词根字典，有的书籍解释为agog是由agogue 变化而来，这里为方便大家查询，把这二个词根放在一起供参考。

例词：

同源词：

1. pedagogics  [ped 儿童， agog 引导，-ics 学，术，法；“引导儿童的方法” → 教育儿童的方法 →]
  n.教育学；教学法

2. pedagogy  [见上 -y...学]
  n.教学法；教育学

3. pedagogic  [见上，-ic ...的 →]
  adj.教育学的;教师的

4. pedagogue  [引导儿童，教育儿童 →]
  n.教师

5. demagog(ue) [dem 人民，群众，agog引导，诱导；“引导群众”起来的人，煽动群众的人 →]
  n. 政治煽动家，煽动者

6. demagogy  [见上，-y 抽象名词后缀 →]
  n.蛊惑民心的宣传，煽动

7. demagogic  [见上，-ic...的 →]
  n.煽动的，蛊惑的

8. emmenagogue  [em- 表示in,men月，转为“月经”，“引导月经的”→]
  n.通经药，调经药，催月经药

9. cholagogue  [chol 胆汁，agog 引导，“引出胆汁” →]

10. cholagogic  [见上，-ic ...的→]
  adj. 排泄胆汁的,利胆的

11. hydragogue  [hydr 水，agog引导；“引导水”，“把水引出体外”→]
  n. 利水剂，利尿药，驱水药

12. galactagogue  [galact 乳，agog引导；“引导乳汁”→]
  n./adj. 催乳药；催乳的

13. mystagogue  [myst 神秘，agog 引导→]
  n. 引人入秘教者                                                   
 
14. synagogue  [syn- =together,集合，聚集]
  n.犹太教堂;犹太人集会

词根：aem, haem(o), haemat(o), em, hem(o), hemat(o) = 血

  这些词根派生出来的单词，基本上都是与疾病有关词汇，而大多数是名词或形容词词性。来源于拉丁语或希腊语 haima 血,其中词根em,hem(o),mae(mat),mato,hemat(o),haemo,haemat(o)均为词根 aem 的变体。

同源词：

1. anaemia [an- 无，aem血，-ia 名词后缀，表示疾病名称：“无血”→]
  n.贫血症
  anaemic adj. [an-无，aem血，-ic形容词后缀] 贫血的

2. dysaemia [dys- 不良，恶，aem血，-ia名词后缀，表示疾病名称]
  n. 血液不良症，血液坏变，（血液）循环障碍

3. uraemia  [ur 尿， aem 血，-ia 表示疾病名称；“尿中毒质混入血液中” →]
  n. 尿毒证

4. uraemic  [见上，-ic 形容词后缀 →]
  adj. 尿毒症的；血中毒症的

5. toxaemia  [tox 毒，aem  血,-ia 表示疾症名称→]
  n.毒血症；血中毒症
  toxaemic  adj. [见上，-ic 形容词后缀→] 毒血症的

6. septicaemia  [septic 腐败的，aem 血，-ia 表示疾病名称→]
  n. 败血症

7. hyperaemia  [hyper- 过多,aem 血,-ia 表示疾病名称：“多血”→]
  n. 充血
  hyperaemic  adj. [见上，--ic 形容词后缀 ...的→] 充血的，多血的

8. leukaemia  [leuk=leuc 白，aem 血，-ia 表示疾症名称→]
  n. 白血病

9. haemal  [haem 血,-al 形容词后缀]
  adj. 血管的，血液的

10. haemachrome  [haema 血，chrom 色]
  n.血色素

11. haematemesis  [haemat 血，emesis 吐]
  n. 吐血，呕血

12. haematic  [haemat 血，-ic... 的]
  adj.血液的，含血的

13. haematimeter  [haemat 血，-i- ,meter 计]
  n. 血球测量器，血球计

14. haematin(e)  [ haemat 血，-in "素" ]
  n. 血红素,正铁血红素

15. hematogen  [hemato 血，gen 生长：“生血的”→]
  n. 血母，血原质

16. hematoid  [ hemat 血，-oid 似...的 →]
  adj. 似血液的，血一样的

17. hematology  [hemato 血，-logy ...学 →]
  n.血液学

18. hematoma  [hemat 血，-oma  名词后缀，肿 →]
  n. 血肿

19. hematose  [hemat 血,-ose 多...的→]
  adj. 多血的，充血的

20. hematuria  [ hemat 血，ur 尿,-ia 疾病名称→]
  n. 血尿病，血尿

21. hemoglobin  [hemo  血，glob 球，-in “素”→]
  n. 血球素，血红蛋白，血红素

22. hemorrhage  [hemo 血，rrhage 流出→]
  v. 出血，流血

23. hemorrhagic  [hemo 血，rrhag 流出，-ic ...的→]
  adj. 出血的

24. hemostasis  [hemo 血，sta 停止，立，-sis=-esis 表示医学名词→]
  n. 止血（法）

25. hemostatic  [hemo 血，sta 立，停止，-tic ...的→]
  adj./n. 止血的；止血剂

26. hemothorax  [hemo 血，thorax 胸腔→]
  n.血胸，胸腔溢血

27. hemophilia  [hemo 血,phil 爱好 → 倾向于→,-ia 表示疾病→]
  n. 易于出血病；血友病

28. hemocyte  [hemo 血，cyt 细胞→]
  n. 血细胞，血球

29. hemodynamics  [见上，dynam 力，-ics ...学→]
  n.血流动力学

30. hematoblast  [hemato 血，blast 胚,细胞→]
  n.血小板，成血细胞

31. hematophagous  [hemato 血，phag 吃，-ous ...的→]
  adj. 食血为生的

32. oligaemia  [olig 少,aem 血，-ia 表示疾病的→]
  adj. 血量养减少，血量不足

33. hemoid  [hem 血，-oid 似...的→]
  adj. 似血的，血样的

34. hemocyanin  [ hemo 血，cyan 蓝，-in 表示化学名词 →]
  n. 血蓝蛋白

词根：sid(sed, sit), sess(sid) = to sit 坐

  词根sid来源于拉丁语的不定式词干 sidere,词根sess来自动名词词干，都意为to sit（坐）或to settle（安定）。sid为元音弱化后形成的词根。sid,sess属于一对同源异形根，反义词根有来自拉丁语的st,stat,stit,sist等。

同源词：

1. assiduous [一直坐着的as<ad(=to,intensive)+sid(=sit)]
  adj.“constant or unwearied in application; diligent 刻苦的；勤奋的：He is assiduous in his study 他学习勤奋。
    assiduity [as-; sid;-u-；-ity n.]n.刻苦；勤奋

2. preside  [before前；sid= to sit 坐；-e- “to sit before others 坐在其他人前面”]  v. sit in authority; act as chairman 主持；作会议主席：
    to preside at a meeting  主持会议
    presider  n.（会议的）主席；主持者
    presidium  n．主席团；常务委员会

3. president  v.主持，当权；-ent n．= person 人 →] 
  n.person chosen to preside over a nation. university or any other organization  总统；大学校长：会长：社长等
    presidency  n. 总统等的职位或任期
    presidential adj. 总统（或校长等）的

4. reside [re-= back,down 回，下；sid = to sit or settle 坐，安放：-e → "to sit backward, to settle down 靠背安坐，安顿下来” →]
  v. make one's home at a place 安家，居住：to reside in the city  在城市居住
    resident n. 居民
    residence n. 居住；住宅

5. subside [sub- = under,down下；sid= to sit or settle 坐，停留：-e →“to settle down 停在下面，停息”→]
  v. ①sink down 下沉；沉降：The building subsides gradually. 这座房子逐渐下沉。
     ②fall into a state of quiet 平息：The wind has subsided  风停了。
     subsidence  n.下降；沉降；平息

6. dissident [dis-= apart 分开；sid= to sit 坐；-ent  n. = person 人世间→ "person who sits apart from others 与别人分开坐的人”→]
  n. person openly disagreeing with an opinion; dissenter  持异议者；反对者：political dissidents  持不同政见者
     dissidence [dis-; sid; -ence n.]  n. 异议；不一致

7. insidious [in- = in 内；sid= to sit 坐；-i-; -ous adj. = like 像……的_→ "like sitting in a hidden place，like setting an ambush 像坐在暗处的，像打埋伏的”→]
  adj. ① intended to entrap 伺机为害的：insidious diseases 暗疾
       ②deceptive; treacherous 暗中为害的；阴险的：an insidious tempter 阴险的诱惑者
      insidiousness  n. 阴险；狡诈

8. session [sess= to sit 坐；-ion n. = the act or state 表行为或状态 →]
  n. ① act of sitting 坐；就座
     ②sitting or time of sitting, as of a court or public body 开会；开庭；会期；开庭期：plenary session 全体会议
      sessional  adj. 开会的；开庭的

9. possess [pos(来自potis) = able 能……的；sess= to sit 坐→ "to be able to sit in a place 能坐在一个位置上”→]
  v. ① inhabit or occupy 居住于；占据
     ② have or hold as property own 具有；占有：He possessed landed property 他拥有地产。
     ③ maintain or control 保持；控制：She was possessed by the desire to be rich  她被发财的欲望所支配。
     possessor [possess; -or n.] n.占有人；所有人
     possession [possess;-ion n.] n.占有；占有物；财产；领地
     possessive [possess; -ive adj.] adj. 占有的 n.[语法]所有格

10. assess [as-(ad-) = to,at在；sess= to sit坐→“(judges in a court) to sit at or sit by（法官等在法庭）就座”→ "to judge or estimate 作判断，估计”→]
  v. ①fix the value or profits of 对……进行估价：His property is assessed at one million dollars  他的财产估价为100万元。
     ② decide the amount of(a tax)征收（税款）：to assess a tax of ten pounds 征税10镑
    assessment [assess; -ment n.]  n.估价；评价
    assessor [assess; -or n.]  n. 估价财产的人；确定税款的人
    assessable [assess; -able a.]  adj.可估价的；可征税的

11. sedate [sed=sid坐+ate……的→坐着的,文静的]
  adj.文静的

12. consider  [con全部+sid坐+er→坐在一起→考虑到]
  v.考虑,细想;体谅,顾及;认为,把…看作

13. supersede [从上往下坐下 super(=over)+ sed(=sit)]
  vt. 代替；取代
  supersession n.取代
  Model AE-400x supersedes Model AE-200.模型AE-400X取代AE-200。

14. obsession  [妨碍地坐着ob(=in the way)+sess(=sit)]
  n.着迷；迷住
  obsess v.妄想、固有观念等）萦绕心头，不停地困扰
  obsessive  adj. 使人着迷的
  Eating is my hobby. Shopping is my obsession! 吃东西是我的兴趣，购物让我着迷！

15. sedan
  n.箱式小客车（可容纳4人以上）；（17 - 18世纪的）轿子
  sedan chair 轿子

16. sedimentary
  adj.沉渣的，沉淀物的；由沉淀物生成的
  sedimentary rocks 沉积岩（如粘板岩、石灰岩等）

17. sedulous
  adj.坚忍不拔的；勤勉的，刻苦的；小心周到的
  pay him sedulous attention 密切地关注他

18. saddle
  n.马鞍； （自行车或摩托车的）车座； 鞍形架，鞍状物； （动物的）脊肉
  vt.& vi.给（马）装鞍
  vt.使承担

19. possess
  v. 持有，拥有；控制；（恶魔、邪念等）缠住，迷住（某人） *pos (=powerful,able)
  possess a large fortune 拥有大量财产
  be possessed with/by devils 着魔的
  be possessed with the idea that someone is persecuting him 着魔地认为有人在迫害他
  be possessed by envy 内心充满嫉妒
 
20. possession
   n. 所有；（pl.）所有物；财产 *pos(=powerful,able)
  illegal possession of arms 非法持有武器
  a man of great possessions 富翁

21. possessive
  adj.所有的；所有权的；[语]所有格的；占有欲强的
  possessive manner 极具占有欲的态度
  possessive adjective/case/pronoun 所有格形容词/所有格/所有格代词

词根：spect, speci, spec(spic, spi, spy) = to look, to see 看

  词根spect,spec,speci是同源异形根，都来源于拉丁语的specere,其最早的来源可追溯到古印度的梵语 spac/spek 看，其中speci,是不定式词干；spect是specere的强调形式动词spectare的词干，它的孳生能力最强，spect中的元音e进一步弱化变形成了词根spic，c变成s就演变出了词根spis，spic,spi,spy都是spec的变形。

  同义词根有来源于拉丁语的vid/vis及变形vic,view, voy ,vey/vei,vy/vi,ud,来源于拉丁语的the ,tu,来源于希腊语的orama,scop,以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的see等。

  单词auspice字面意思是“鸟类观察（au在拉丁语中表示bird）”，该词源于古罗马：古罗马人极为迷信，每次重大活动之前都要举行占卜以测凶吉，其中一种很奇怪的方法就是观察鸟类的飞行是否正常，正常则为吉兆，反之则为凶兆。该词传入法语后有了“预兆”之意，尤指“吉兆”，由此派生的形容词auspicious就表示“吉兆的，幸运的”；另外，spy一词来自古法语的espier，同样有“看”之意，只不过是“暗中监视”，因此spy有“间谍，密探”等意思。同源的还有scope（范围，眼界）。

同源词：

1. aspect [看起来很近a<ad(=to)+spect(=look)]
  n. 方面；外观；观点
  ex) I don't understand all aspects of the subject.  我并不能理解这个主题的所有方面。

2. perspective [通过某物看per(=through)+spect(=look)]
  n. 展望；观点，看法；透视画法；透视图
  perspectively  adv. 依透视画法
  ex) It's difficult to get a good perspective on problems while they' re occurring. 人们很难对正在发生的问题有正确的看法。

3. specious [外表上看见的spec(=look)]
  adj. 外表美观的，华而不实的；似是而非的，貌似有理的
  Al Gore was roundly criticized for his specious claim that he invented the internet. 阿尔.戈尔貌似有理地宣称自己发明了互联网，遭到了严厉的指责。

4. auspicious [看鸟的au<avi(=bird)+spic(=look)+ous(=having the quality of)]
  adj. 吉利的，吉祥的；顺利的
 
5. conspicuous  [看起来非常好的con<com(=intensive)+spic(=look)]
  adj 显眼的；引人注目的；显著的
  conspicuously  adv. 显著地
  A conspicuous mole disfigures the beauty of her tace. 一颗很显眼的痣破坏了她脸部的美。

6. despicable [向下、向低处看的de(=down)+spic(=look)]
  adj. 卑鄙的，卑劣的
  despicably  adv. 卑劣地
  Apologize to your mother for your despicable language． 你要为你卑劣的言辞向你妈妈道欺．

7. perspicacious [通过某事来透视的per(=through)+spic(=Iook)]
  adj. 有洞察力的；聪明的，敏锐的

8. respite [在后边看或者拉开距离看re(=back, away)+spi(=look)]
  n. 休息；延期．延缓；缓期执行
  The shady pines offered respite from the burning sun. 松树的绿荫为我们提供了一个避开灼热阳光的休息场所。

9. circumspect
  adj. 慎重的，谨慎小心的 *circum(=around)
  circumspection  n. 慎重，谨慎小心

10. conspectus
  n. （问题、事件等的）概观；概要，摘要；一览表 *con<com(=together)

11. expect
  v. 期待；预计；认为；怀孕 *ex(=out), pect<spect(=look)
  expected reply  所期望的回答
  expected objections  预想到的反对
  as was expected  正如所预期的
  I am expecting  我怀孕了。

12. expectation
  n. 期待，预想；期待、预想的事物；前程；可望继承的遗产 *ex(=out),pect<spect(=look)
  beyond expectation  预料之外
  expectation of life  预期寿命
  not come up to one's expectations 没有达到某人的预期

13. expectancy
  n. 期待；预期 *ex(=out), pect<spect(=look)
  life expectancy  预期寿命
  with a look of expectancy 带着期待的表情
 
14. expectant
  adj. 预期的，期待的；待产的；（父或母）未来的 *ex(= out), pect<spect(=look)
  expectantly  adv. 期待地，期望地
  expectant father  准爸爸
  expectant mother  准妈妈，孕妇

15. inspect
  v. 检查；视察；检阅 *in(=into)
  inspect troops 检阅军队

16. inspection
  n.检查；视察；检阅 *in(=into)
  medical inspection  检疫
  aerial inspection  空中视察
  close inspection 严密的检叠

17. inspector
  n. （工矿等的）督察员；检阅者；检查员（官）；（警察）巡官 *in(=into)
  inspectorate  n. 视察团
  inspector general 督察长
  inspector of Taxes  税务稽查员

18. introspect
  v. 内省，自省 *intro(=within)
  introspection  n. 内省
  introspective  adv.内省的，自省的

19. prospect
  n. 预想；期待的事物；
  v. 勘探（金矿、油矿等）勘察 *pro(=forth)
  prospector  n. 勘探者,勘察者
  prospect for gold 勘探金矿
  good/bad prospect 好的/不好的前景

20. prospective
  adj. 预期的；未来的 *pro(=forth)
  prospective advantage/wealth  预期的好处，财富
  prospective buyer  可能的买主
  my prospective bride  我未来的新娘
  prospective Republican candidate  未来的共和党候选人

21. prospectus
  n. （新公司等的）创办计划书；（新出版书籍的）内容说明书 *pro(=forth)

22. respect
  n. 尊敬，尊重；童视；关系；方面；(pl.)问候
  v. 尊敬，尊重；重视；关于，涉及 *re(=again)
  in all/some/any/every/this  respect(s) 在所有/某些/任何/每个/这个方面
  with respect to  关于…
  pay respect to 尊敬…

23. respectable
  adj. 值得尊敬的；体面的；相当的 *re(=again)
  respectability  n. 可敬；体面：受尊敬者
  respectably  adv. 体面地；高尚地；相当地
  respectable citizens  正派的市民
  respectable position  相当高的地位

24. respectful
  adj.表示敬意的，恭敬的；有礼貌的 *re(=again)
  respecttully  adv. 恭敬地，谦恭地
  stand at a respectful distance from 恭敬地、保持距离地站着

25. respective
  adj. [一般和复数名词一起使用]分别的，各自的，各个的  *re(=again)
  respectively  adv. 各个，各自，分别地
  have one's respective merits  各有优点
  according to one's respective abilities  根据各自的能力

26. retrospect
  n. 回顾，回急 *retro(=backward)
  retrospection  n. 回顾，回想
  in retrospect  回想起来，事后看来

27. retrospective
  adj. 回顾的，回想的：（法律或决定）溯及既往的 *retro(=backward)
  retrospective exhibitiOn of a painter's work  画家的作品回顾展
  retrospective legislation  有追溯效力的立法
  retrospective wage increase  有追溯效力的加薪

28. spectacle
  n. 壮观的景象；公开展示；(pl.)眼镜
  spectacled  板眼镜的
  see everything through rose-coIored spectacles  乐观地看待每一件事

29. spectacular
  adj. 引入注目的；壮观的；惊人的  n. 奇观 精彩的表演：惊人之举
  president Nixon's spectacular visit to Peking  尼克松总统访问北京的惊人之举
  spectacutar display of fireworks  壮观的烟火表演
  Christmas T.V. spectacular  精私的圣诞节的节目

30. spectator
  n. （公开展示或比赛的）观众；旁观者
  spectator sports  吸引众多观众的体育运动，如足球

31. specter
  n. 幽灵，鬼怪；（萦绕在心头的）担忧

32. spectral
  adj. 幽灵的，鬼怪的；光谱的
  spectral apparatus  分先器
  spectral colors  谱色

33. spectroscope
  n. 分光镜  *scop(=see)
  spectroscopic  adj. 分光镜的

34. spectrum
  n.光谱；（喻）（宽广的）范围；系列
  solar spectrum  太阳光谱
  the whole spectrum of recent philosophical inquiry  近来哲学探索的总体范畴
  a broad spectrum of  广泛的

35. suspect
  v. 怀疑；疑有，察觉  n. 嫌疑人，嫌疑犯；可疑分子
  adj. 可疑的；不可信的 *sus<sub(=under),pect<spect(=to look)
  political suspect  政治嫌疑犯

36. especial
  adj. 特别的，特殊的 *e<ex(=out)
  especially  adv. 特别，尤其
  in especial  特别，格外

37. spec
  n. 投机（speculation的缩略形式）
  on spec  碰运气

38. special
  adj. 特别的，特殊的；专用的；额外的  n. 临时巡警；专列；特刊，号外；特色菜
  specially  adv. 特别地
  special effects  特殊效果
  Special Forces  <美>[军]特种部队

39. specialist
  n. 专家；专科医生
  eye specialist  眼科医生
  specialist in plastic surgery  外科整形专家

40. specially
  n. 专业，专长；特制品；名产
  make a specialty of  以…为专业，专攻某学科
  Embroidery is her specialty． 她的专长是刺绣。
  Wood-carvings are a specialty of this village  木刻是这个村庄的名产。

41. specialize
  v. 专门从事，专攻；专业化；限定（意义、范围等）*ize(=make)
  specialization  n. 专业化；限定
  specialize in political science  专攻政治学
  specialized knowledge  专业知识
  specialized magazine  专业杂志

42. species
  n. [生]种
  speciation  n. 物种形成
  a species of  一种
  ex) The Origin of Species 《物种起源》

43. specific
  adj. （叙述等）明确的，具体的；特有的；[医]有特效的；[生]种的凡．特效药 *tic(=make)
  specifically  adv. 明确地；具体地
  specific orders  明确的命令
  specitic remedy  特效药
  specific purpose  明确的目的

44. specification
  n. 详述：（产品的）说明书；( pl．)明细（单）；规格  *fic(=make)
  technical specifrcations of a new car  新型汽车的技术规格

45. specify
  v. 明确说明，载明；详述；把…列入计划或说明书 *fy(=make)

46. specimen
  n. 样本，标本；（化验用的）抽样；家伙，怪人
  zoological specimens  动物标本
  urine specimen  化验用尿样
  What a queer specimen he is! 他真是个怪人！

47. speculate
  v. 思索；玄想；推测；投机，做投机买卖
  speculate in oil shares  做石油股票投机买卖
  on speculation  碰运气

48. speculative
  adj. 思索的，冥想的；[哲]思辨的；推测的；投机的
  speculative philosophy  思辨哲学
  speculative purchase of grain  投机购买谷物
  speculative market  投机市场
  speculative stock  投机股票
  speculative buying  投机购买

49. speculator
  n. 沉思者；投机商；票贩子

50. perspicuous
  adj. 明了的  *per(=completely,intensive)
  perspicuity  n. 明了
  perspicuously  adv. 明了地

51. spice
  n. 调味品，香料；（喻）风味，情趣；香味  v. 加香料于；使增添趣味
  spicy  adj. 香料的；香的；下流的；痛快的
  mixed spice(s)  混合香料
  a spice of humor  幽默情趣

52. suspicion
  n.嫌疑；怀疑，猜疑；少量  *sus<sub(=under)，pic<spic(=look)
  above suspicion  不容置疑
  ex) There was a suspicion of sadness in her voice． 她的声音里带着一丝伤感。

53. suspicious
  adj.可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的 *sus<sub( = under), pic<spic( = look)
  inspect all suspicious cars  检查所有可疑的车辆
  suspicious  look  怀疑的眼神
  suspicious nature  多疑的性格

54. despise
  v. 蔑视，鄙视 *de(=down)

56. despite
  n. 侮辱；损害；恶意prep，尽管 *de(=down)
  despiteful  adj. 有恶意的

57. espionage
  n. 刺探；间谍活动 *e<ex(=out)
  counterespionage  反间谍活动

58. espy
  v. 发现；窥见 *e<ex(=out)

59. frontispiece
  n. （书的）卷首插画 *front(=forehead)

60. spy
  n. 间谍；密探以暗中监视；发现
  police spies  警方的密探
  industrial spies  工业间谍
  spy on the enemy's movements  侦察敌人的动态
  spy satellite  间谍卫星
  spy ship  间谍船

词根：pend, pens(pond, penc) = hang悬挂, weigh 称量, pay 花费

  词根pend,pens 是同源异形词根，pend来源于拉丁动词 pendere，词根pens来源于拉丁动词pendere的动名词pensum,这二个词根意为to hang,to weigh,to pay,to consider,其汉语意思概括为：“悬挂；称量；付钱”，其中“悬挂”是基本义，后二个是根据“悬挂”的这基本义引申而来。

  为什么会有这三个意思呢？这与古罗马时期用天平“称量”和to pay（支付）有关，在当时是用来称黄金的重量，这样下来才有了三种不同含义；这二个词根的变形有：pond,penc是pens变形，pond,poise是pend的变形。这些词根都有上面三个意思。

同源词：

1. append [悬挂在某物之上ap<ad(=to, add)+pend(=hang)]
  vt. sth+to+sth 附加，添加；悬挂
  appendix  n. 附录
  appendage  n. 附加物
  appendicitis  n. 阑尾炎
  She usually appends a postscript to her letters. 她通常在信上加一些附言。

2. compendium  [从某物上分离出来悬挂com(=with)+pend(=hang,weigh)]
  n. 概论，概要：简编
  compendious  adj. 简洁的，简明的
  This guidebook contains a compendium of common French idioms and expressions. 这本指南手册包括法语中常见的习惯用语和表达法的简编。

3. impending  [悬挂在上面的im<in(=on)+pend(=hang,weigh)]
  adj. 迫近的：悬挂的，悬置的
  ex) l'm dreading my impending tax audit with the Internal Revenue Service. 对国内收入暑即将对我进行的税务审计，我感到很害怕。

4. compensate [用某物来偿还com(=with)+pens(=pay, hang)]
  vt. sb + for+ sth  补偿；赔偿  vi. for+sth补偿；弥补
  compensation  n. 赔偿，补偿；<美>报酬
  compensatory  adj. 补偿的；报酬的
  I gave the girl 100 dollars as compensation for her pain when my dog bit her. 我的狗咬了那个小女孩，作为对她所受痛苦的补偿，我给了她100美元。

5. propensity [预先挂好pro(=forth)+pens(=hang,weigh)]
  n. 倾向；习性
  ex) I have a propensity to tap my fingers when l'm nervous. 我在紧张的时候会弹手指。

6. indispensable [不分开悬挂的in(=not)+dis(=apart) +pens ( = hang, weigh)]
  adj. 不可缺少的，必需的
  indispensability  n. 不可缺
  ex) A thesaurus is an indispensable writing tool for any university student. 词典是所有大学生不可或缺的写作工具。

7. expend [支付以使某物完尽ex(=out)+pend(=pay,weigh)]
  vt. sth+on+sth 消费；耗尽，用光
  expenditure  n. 支出，经费
  expense  n. 费用，支出；牺牲
  expensive  adj. 昂贵的
  expendable  adj. 可花费的；可牺牲的
  ex) About 28% of the library’s annual budget is expended on new acquisitions. 那家图书馆约28%的年预算用来购置新书。

8. recompense [用某种东西偿还re(= back)  + com  (= with )+ pens(=pay) ]
  vt. 报答；赔偿；补偿
  ex) The insurance company recompensed the people injured in the auto accident.保险公司对在车祸中受伤的人给予了赔偿。

9. depend
  v. 依靠，依赖；取决于；相信 *de(=down),pend(=hang)
  dependable  adj. 可信赖的，可靠的

10. dependant
  n. 受抚养的家属  *de(=down),pend(=hang)
  adj. 依赖的，依靠的；由…决定的，取决于…的  n. 受抚养的家属
  *de(=down), pend(=hang)
  dependent on his wife's earnings 依靠妻子的收入的
  dependent upon weather 取决于天气的

11. dependence
  n. 依靠，依赖；信赖 *de(=down), pend(=hang)
  drug dependence  药物依赖

12. dependency
  n. 附属国，附属地 *de(=down), pend(=hang)
  The island is no longer a dependency of the USA．那座小岛不再是美国的附属地了。

13. independence
  n. 独立，自立 *in(=not), de(=down), pend(=hang)
  independence Day  美国独立纪念日（7月4日）
  independence Hall 独立纪念馆（位于费城，内部保存有自由钟）
  The Declaration of independence （美国的）<独立宣言>
  independence Movement（独立运动）

14. independent
  adj. 独立的，自主的  n. 无党派人士 *in( =not), de( =down), pend( =hang)
  independently  adv. 独立地，自主地
  independent of  独立于
  independent research  独立的研究
  Vote for the independents at the next election. 在下一次选举中投票给无党派人士。

15. penchant
  n. 强烈的倾向；嗜好 *penc<pens(=hang)
  have a penchant for 嗜好…

16. pendant
  n. 垂饰；吊灯 *pend(=hang)

17. pending
  adj. 悬而未决的 prep.在...过程中，在...期间；在...之前 *pend(=hang)
  a patent pending 待批专利
  The lawsuit was then pending. 那次诉讼当时未作判决。
  pending the negotiations 在谈判之前
  pending her decision 她作为决定之前

18. pendulous
  adj. 悬挂的；摇摆的 *pend(=hang)
  the pendulous nests of weaver-birds 织巢鸟悬垂着巢。

19. pendulum
  n. （钟等的）摆；摇摆不定的人（或物）*pend(=hang)
  the swing of the pendulums  摇摆不定的舆论；（政党等的）的胜负交替

20. perpendicular
  adj. 成直角的，垂宜的；直立的  n. 垂直面 *per(=completely),pend(=hang)
  out of(the) perpendicular  不垂直

21. suspend
  v. 悬挂；使悬浮（于液体、空气中）；中止；暂缓作出（决定等） *sus<sub(=under), pend(=hang)
 lamps suspended from the ceiling  悬挂在顶棚上的灯
  dust suspended in the air 飘浮在空中的灰尘
  suspend payment  中止支付
  suspend judgment  暂缓判决

22. suspension
  n. 悬挂；悬浮（状态）；悬而未决；暂令停职；中止 *sus<sub(=under), pens(=hang)
  suspension bridge  吊桥
  suspension of a congressman  中止议员资格

23. suspender
  n. <美>裤子-背带；(英>吊袜带 *sus<sub(=under), pend(=hang)

24. dispense
  v. 分配，分发；配药；（～ with）免除 *dis(=apart,away)，pens(=weigh)
  dispenser  n. 分配者；药剂师；分配嚣（可以不打开盖子而直接抽取物质的容器）

25. dispensation
  n. 分配，分发；[宗]天意，天道：教规；处方 *dis(=apart,away),pens(=weigh)
  dispensation of food  食物分配
  dispensation of providence  天意，上天的安排
  Mosaic dispensation  摩西律法

26. dispensable
  adj. 非必要的；可分配的  *dis(=apart,away),pens(=weigh)

27. dispensary
  n. （医院等）药房  *dis(=apart,away),pens(=weigh)

28. ponderable
  adj. 可称重的；可衡量的；可估量的  n. (pl.)可估量的事物 *pond<pend(=weigh,consider)

29. ponderous
  adj. 沉重的；笨重的；（文章、谈话等）沉闷的 *pond<pend(=weigh)
  ponderous movements  笨重的动作
  ponderous building  庞大的建筑

30. preponderance
  n. （重量、力量方面的）优势，优越 *pre(=before),pond<pend(=weigh)
  preponderance theory  力量优势论

31. preponderant
  adj. （在重量、数量、力量等方面）占优势的，压倒的  *pre(=bafore), pond<pend(=weigh)

32. preponderate
  v. （重量、数量、力最等）占优势  *pre(=before), pond<pend(=weigh)
  reasons that preponderate over other considerations  优先考虑的理由

33. inexpensive
  adj. 便宜的，花费不多的  *in(=not), ex(=out), pens(=pay)

34. pension
  n.退休金；养老金  v. 发退休金 *pens(=pay)
  pensionable  adj. （根据职位、年龄等）有资格领退休金的
  pensioner  n. 领退休金者
  old-age pension  养老金
  draw one's pension  领取养老金
  retire on a pension 拿着退休金退休

35. stipend
  n. （学生定期领取的）生活津贴；（牧师等的）薪金，薪俸  *sti(=prick),pend(=pay)
  stipendiary  adj. 领薪金的，有薪水的

36. pensive
  adj. 沉思的；忧心忡忡的 *pens(=consider)
  pensive looks  沉思的表情
  look pensive  看起来陷入了沉思

37. pendée
  n.思想；（pl.）冥想录，随患录  *pens(=consider)
  Je pense，donc je suis. 我思故我在。

38. ponder
  v. 深思，沉思 *pond<pend(=consider)
  ponder on a difficulty  仔细思考困难

39. prepense
  adj.[用于名词后]预谋的，故意的，蓄意的 *pre(=before),pens(=consider)
 

  对上面的单词进行按词根的意思，进行分类整理如下：

(1)称量物体的重量时，须将物体悬起，吊起，因此，悬挂(物体)→称量(物体的质量)

(2)金，银等物作为钱币使用时，付钱须称量其重量，因此，称量(金，银等重量)→付钱、支出，花费

(3)因此，pend，pens由“悬挂”引申为“称量”，再引申为“付钱，支出，花费”

(a)pend，pens=hang悬挂

  depend        [de-下，pend悬挂;“挂在他物下面”→依附于另一物体”] 依靠，依赖
  dependent     [见上，-ent形容词后缀，…的] 依靠的，依赖的，不独立的，从属的
  dependence    [见上，-ence名词后缀] 依靠，依赖
  dependency    [见上，-ency名词后缀] 依赖，从属，属地，属国
  dependable    [见上，-able形容词后缀，可…的] 可依赖的，可依靠的
  independent   [in-不，depend依靠，-ent形容词后缀，…的] 独立的，自主的
  independence  [见上，ence名词后缀，表示行为，情况] 独立，自主
  independency  [见上，-ency=-ence] 独立，独立国
  interdepend    [inter-相互，depend依赖] 互相依赖
  interdependence [见上，-ence名词后缀] 互相依赖
  interdependent  [见上，-ent形容词后缀，…的] 互相依赖的
  pending        [pend悬挂，ing形容词后缀，…的] 悬而未决的
  pendent        [pend悬挂，-ent形容词后缀，…的] 悬空的，下垂的，悬而未决的;[-ent表示物] 悬垂物
  suspend       [sus=sub下，pend悬，吊，挂，“挂起来”] 挂，悬，中止，暂停
  suspension    [见上，-ion名词后缀，表示行为，情况] 悬挂，悬而不决，中止，暂停
  suspensive    [见上，-ive形容词后缀，…的] 可悬挂的，可吊的
  append       [ap-表示to，pend悬挂] 挂上，附加
  appendage    [见上，-age名词后缀，表示物] 附加物，附属物
  impend       [im-加强意义，pend悬挂] 悬挂;[悬在上面→悬在头上→事到临头] 即将发生，即将来临，逼近
  impending     [ 见上，-ing形容词后缀，…的] 即将来临的，迫近的
  impendent     [见上，-ent形容词后缀，…的] 悬挂的，即将发生的，逼近的

（b）pend，pens=weigh称量

  dispense        [dis-分散，pens称量;“分开称量物品的份量，进行分配”] 分配，分发，配发
  dispensary      [见上， -ary表示场所，地点;’分配药品的地方”] 药房，配药处
  dispensation    [见上，-ation名词后缀] 分配，分给，分配物
  dispenser       [见上，-er表示人] 分配者，施与者，配药者，药剂师 [-er表示物] 分配器，配出器，自动售货机
  pensive        [pen称量→衡量，权衡→思考，-ive形容词后缀，…的] 沉思的
  perpend       [per-完全，十分，彻底，pend称量→衡量;“仔细称量”→仔细衡量”] 细思，思考，考虑
  ponder        [pond→pend称量，-er动词后缀;称量→衡量，权衡→思量，思考] 深思，考虑，估量，衡量
  ponderable    [见上，-able形容词后缀，可…的] 可衡量的，可估量的

(c) pend，pens=pay 付钱，支出，花费

  expend   [ex-出，pend付钱;“把钱付出”] 花费，消费，用款
  expenditure   [见上，-ture=-ure表示行为或行为的结果] 支出，消费，花费
  expendable  [见上，-able形容词后缀，可…的] 可消费的
  expense   [ex-出，pens付钱] 支出，花费，消费
  expensive  [见上，-ive形容词后缀，…的] 花费的，花钱多的，昂贵的
  spend    [s-为ex-或dis-的缩形，pend花费] 花钱，花费，消耗(时间)
  pension   [pens付钱，-ion名词后缀，表示物;每年’付出的钱”] 年金，养老金，退休金
  pensioner   [见上，-er者]领取养老金者

词根：equ(iqu) = equal, same 相同, 相同

  来源于拉丁语形容词aequus,意为equal,same。这个词根与其它词根构词时，常还有连接字母（中缀）-i-,也可以把equi看作是equ的变体。词根equ的变形还有iqu。同义词根有来源于拉丁语的sembl,simil/simul,par,ident等和来源于希腊语的tauto。

同源词：

1. adequate [在相同的、同等的事物上添加的ad(=to,add)+equ(=equal)]
  adj. 适当的；足够的
  adequacy  n. 适当；足够
  adequately  adv. 适骞地；足够地
  My mother always reminds me of taking an adequate supply of socks to camp. 我妈妈常常提醒我：去野营时一定要带够袜子。

2. equitable [使能够同等的equ(=equal,same)]
  adj. 公正的，公平的；[律]衡平法的
  equity  n. 公正，佘平；衡平法；(pl．)股息不定的普通股
  equitabiy  adv. 公正地，公平地
  ex) The divorcing couple negotiated an equitable property settlement．那时离婚的夫妇就公平的财产分配达成了协议。

3. equivocate [发出同样的声音aqu(=equal,same)+voc(=call,voice)]
  vi 支吾，含糊其辞
  equivocal  adj. 歧义的；暧昧的，模糊的
  equivocation  n. 含糊其辞
  equivocally  adv. 含糊地
  ex) Stop equivocating and get to the point! 别兜圈子了，快说重点！

4. inadequate [不是往同样的东西上添加的 in(=not)+ad(=to, add)+equ(=equal)]
  adj. 不充分的；不适当的
  inadequacy  n. 不充分；不适当
  inadequately  adv. 不适当地；不充分地
  His academic performance has been inadequate for several semesters running.他的学术研究成绩连续几个学期都不合格。

5. iniquity [不相同或不正确in(not) + iqu<equ(=equal，same)]
  n. 不公正；邪恶；( pl．)不公正的行为；邪恶的行为
  iniquitous  adj. 不公正的；邪恶的
  God banished Satan to hell for his iniquity 上帝因撒旦的邪恶行径而将他放逐至地狱。

6. equable
  adj. 变化小的，稳定的；平和的
  equable climate/disposition/temper  变化很小的气候/平和的性格/温和的脾气

7. equal
  adj.相同的，同等的；平等的；胜任的  n. 同等的人；可匹敌的事物  v. 跟…相同；比得上
  equally  adv. 同样地，同等地；平等她
  equal opportunity  均等的机会
  equal opportunity employer  提供公平机会的雇主
  ex) She has no equal in cooking.  在烹饪方面没有谁能和她匹敌。
  Equal Rights Amendment  （美田宪法的）平等权利修正案

8. equalitarian
  adj. 平等主义的 n. 平等主义者

9. equality
  n. 平等；同等；均等

10. equalize
  v. 使相等；使平等 *ize(=make)
  equalization  n. 平等化；平等化
  equalize tax burdens  均掉捐税负担
  equalize income  使收入均等

11. equate
  v. 等同；使相同 *ate(=make)
  equate the possession of wealth to happiness  认为拥有财富就等于幸福
  equate two quantities  使两个数量相同

12. equation
  n. [数]方程式；等式；相等

13. equator
  n. （the ～ ）赤道

14. equatorial
  adj. 赤道的；赤道附近的
  equatorial Africa  位于赤道附近的非洲
  equatorial orbit  赤道轨道
  Equatoria Guinea  赤道几内亚

15. equidistant
  adj. 等距的 *di<dis(=away),St(=stand)
  equidistant diplomacy  等距离外交

16. equilateral
  adj. 等边的 *later(=side)
  equilareral triangle  等边三角形

17. equilibrium
  n. 平衡状态；均衡；（心情的）平静  *libr(=balance)
  in a state of equilibrium  处于平衡状态的
  scales in equilibrium  平衡的天平
  maintain /lose equilibrium（保持／失去平衡）

18. equinox
  n. 昼夜平分时，春分或秋分 *nox(=night)
  autumnal/spring equinox 秋/春分

19. equinoctial
  n. 昼夜平分的，春分或秋分的 *noct(=night)
  equinoctial circle/line  天（球）赤道
  equinoctial point  二分点
  oquinoctial gales/tides  二分点风暴/分点湖

20. equipoise
  n. 平衡，均衡；平衡物；秤锤 *pois<pos(=put)

21. equivalent
  adj.同等的几同等物；相当物；意义相同的词（或符号、表达法等）*val(=worth)
  equivalent to an insult  等于辱骂的
  the Korean equivalent of "thank you”  和“thank you”相对应的韩语
  noun equivalent  相当于名词的形式

22. equivalence/-ency
  n. 等同；等价 *val(=worth)

23. inequality
  n.不平等；不同；不均衡；不等式 *in(=not)
  the inequality between the rich and the poor 贫富间的不平等

24. inequitable
  adj. 不公平的，不公正的 *in(=not)
  inequitable division of the profits 不公平的收益分配

25. inequity
  n.不公平，不公正 *in(=not)

26. unequal
  adj. 不同的；不公平的 *un(=not)

27. unequalled
  adj. 无与伦比的 *un(=not)

28. unequivocal
  adj. 明确的，不含糊的 *un(=not),voc(=voice,call)

词根：sal (sul, sil, sail, saul) = to leap 跳

  词根sal 来源于拉丁语 salire/salare 跳，其变形有sul,sil,sail,saul,s(a)ult等。此外，sal还有salt和health的意思。词根sal还有个同形异源异义词根sal,意思是“盐、卫生”。

同源词：

1. assailant [向某人跳的人as<ad(=to) + sail<sal(=leap)]
  n. 攻击者
  assail  v. 攻击
  ex) Three assailants robbed me of my purse． 三个袭击者抢走了我的钱包。

2. salient [跳上去的sal(=leap,salt)]
  adj. 显著的，明显的，突出的；凸起的
  n. 凸角；[军]（战线或筑城的）突出部
  salience;-ency  n.突出（部分）；特征
  In your composition, each paragraph should develop a single salient point.写文章时，每一段落都应该有一个突出的论点。

3. exult [用力跣跃ex(=intensive)+ul<sul<sal(=leap)]
  vi. at/in + sth 狂喜，欢欣鼓舞
  exultation  n. 狂喜
  exultant  adj. 狂喜的
  exultantly  adv. 狂喜地
  She exults in her good fortune to have triplets. 她非常高兴自己有幸生了三胞胎。

4. resilient [回跳、跳上的 re(=back)+sil<sal(=leap)]
  adj. 有弹力的；有复原能力的；富有活力的
  resile  v.跳回；弹回；退缩（跳回来） re-(=back)
  resilience/resiliency  n. 弹性，弹力；恢复力
  Most children are quite resilient and quickly recover from bumps and scrapes.  大部分被子的恢复力都很强，磕碰、擦伤的地方很快就会好。

5. salutary [健康的sai(=health)]
  adj. （对身心）有益的
  ex) The doctor gave you salutary advice. Now you need to follow. 医生给了你有益健康的忠告，你要遵守。

6. assault
  n. 突击；强攻  v. 强攻；偷袭（阵地等）
  assautt and battery  量力殴打
  assaulr craft  突击舟

7. consult
  v. 参考；与…商议 *con<com(=together), sul<sal(=leap)
 
8. consultant
  n. 咨询者；（公司等的）顾问；会诊医生 *con<com(=together), sul<sal(=leap)
  consultant surgeon  外科会诊医生
  firm of consultants  咨询公司

9. consultation
  n. 商议，磋商；咨询；磋商会议 *con<com(=together), sul<sal(=leap)

10. consultative
  adj. 咨询的；商议的，磋商的；顾问的 *con<com= together),sul<sal(=leap)
  consultative committee  顾问委员会

11. desultory
  adj. 散漫的：无条理的；不连贯的 *de（=off）,sul<sal(=leap)
 
12. exile
  n. 放逐；背井离乡，流亡；被放逐者；离乡者  v. 放逐；使背井离乡 *ex(=out), il<sil<sal(=leap)
  place of exile  流放地
  after an exile of ten years  流亡十年以后
  cxiled for lite  被终生流放的

13. insult
  n. 侮辱，无礼  v．侮辱，羞辱
  insulting  adj. 侮辱的，无札的

14. result
  n. 结果 v. 发生；导致 *re(= back), sul<sal ( = leap)

15. resultant
  adj. 作为结果的；合成的  n. 结果 *re(=back),sul<sal(=leap)
  resultant force 合力
  resultant velocity  合速度

16. salacious
  adj. （言语、书、两等）猥亵的，淫秽的，下流的 *sal(=leap)

17. sally
  n. （被包围军队的）突围，出击；俏皮话  v. （情感）迸发 *sal(=leap)

18. salmon
  n. 鲑鱼；鲑鱼肉：橙红色 *sal(=leap)

19sultry
  adj. （天气）闷热的，酷热的：（人）易动感情的，热烈的 *sul<sal(=leap)

20. salad
  n. 色拉，凉拌菜  *sal(=salt)
  chicken salad  鸡肉沙拉
  fruit salad  水果色拉
  salad days  少不更事的时期
  salad-dressing  色拉调料（由油、醋、香抖等混合在一起和制作而成）
  salad-oil  色拉油

21. salary
  n. 薪金，薪水 * sal(=salt)
  salary of $30, 000 per annum 年薪3万美元

22. salaried
  adj. 有薪水的  *sal(=salt)
  salaried classes  工薪阶层
  salaried posts  蒂薪职位

词根：cor, cord(cour) = heart 心

  来源于拉丁名词cor属格（即所有格）形式 cordis词干部分，意为等于英语基本词hear 心，同义词根为来源于希腊语的card。另有词根cour,cor 为 cord  的变体。

同源词：

1. accord [心在近处ac<ad(=to, near) + cord(=heart)]
  vi. with + sb 一致，调和
  n. 一致，调和；协议，协定
  accordance  n. 一致，调和
  accordant  adj. 一致的，和谐的
  The union reached an accord with managernent at 4：30 this aftemoon. 工会于今天下午4点30分和管理层达成了协议。

2. concord [心一致con<com(=with)+cord(=heart)l
  n. 一致；和谐
  concordance  n. 一致；和谐；用语索引
  concordat  n. 协定，协约
  concordant  adj. 一致的；和谐的
  The marital rift was short lasting,ending in concord. 婚姻生活的不和谐持续了一小段时间，但最终还是归于和睦。

3. cordial [出自内心的cord(=heart)]
  adj. 衷心的，诚恳的
  n. 甘露酒
  cordiality  n. 热诚，诚挚
  cordiaily  adv. 热诚地，诚挚地
  We received a cordial welcome when we arrived at my uncle's home.  当我们到叔叔家时，受到了热烈的欢迎。

4. discordant [心分开的dis(=apart) + cord(=heart)]
  adj. 不和的；不一致的;（声音）不和谐的；刺耳的
  discord  v. 不一致；不和；（几）不和；纷争
  discordance/discordancy  n. 不调和；不一致
  A number of discordant views were vigorously expressed at the meeting. 会上人们踊跃地提出了很多不同的意见。

5. core
  n. 核心；重要部分，中心部分；果核，果心
  v. 挖去…的果核
  Core English 核心英语
  to the core  彻底
  corean apple 挖出苹果的核

6. courage
  n. 勇气，胆量  *cour<cor(=heart)
  Dutch couragec  酒后之秀；一时的虚勇

7. courageous
  adj. 英勇的，勇敢的 *cour<cor(=heart)
 

8. discourage
  n. 使丧失勇气，使沮丧；使打消念头；阻碍  *dis(=away)
  discouragement  n. 阻碍：灰心

9. encore
  n. 请求再演 v. 要求再演（法国喊“bis"） *en（=intensrve）
  get an encore  被要求再演
  encore the pianist 要求那位钢琴演奏家再表演一曲
  encore hours （应观众要求的）重播时间

10. encourage
  v. 激励，鼓舞；促进 *en(=make)
  encouragement  n. 激励，鼓励；促进

11. record
  n. 记录；履历；唱片；（比赛等的）最高纪录  v. 已录；录音 *r(=again)
  off the record  adj. 非正式的；不得发表的
  good record  好的记录
  record-breaking  打破纪录的

12. recorder
  n. 记录员;记录器，录音机，录像机
  tape recorder  录音机
  video tape recorder 磁带录像机

13. recording
  adj. 记录的  n. 录音，录像 *re(=again)

14. obcordate [ob- = reversed 倒转的；cord = hear 心；-ate adj. = having 有...性质的 --->]
  adj. having the shape like a reversed heart 倒心形的
  an obcordate leaf 倒心形的叶片

词根：val(vail) = worth（价值）, strong（强壮的）

  来源于拉丁语 valere意为worth（价值）,strong（强壮的） 变形为vail。此外，来自拉丁语的rob,fort/forc,firm,bil等也有strong的意思。
 
  相关的词根：牛的力量很强：-vacc- 牛，来源于拉丁语vacca，如：vaccinal 疫苗的、vaccinia 牛痘。

同源词：

1. available [对某人有价值的a<ad(=to)+vail<val(=worth)]
  adj. 可利用的，可使用的；有用的；可入住的；有空的：可见面的；可获得的
  availability  n. 有用（性）
  avail  v. 有助于
  Many kinds of organically grown vegetables are available at this store. 在这家商店可以买到很多种有机蔬菜。

2. ambivalent [价值站在双万的ambi(=both)+val(=worth)]
  adj. （两种态度、意义等）对立的，矛盾的
  ambivatence  n. 矛盾情绪；摇摆
  I'm ambivalent  about  his  films. They' re brilliant——but they' re too violent! 我对他的电影持矛盾的态度——电影很精彩但过于暴力！

3. invalidate [使没有价值in(= not) + val (= strong, worth)]
  invalidation  n. 便无效
  invalidity  n. 无效
  invalidism  n. 痛弱，虚弱
  invalid  adj. 无效的；(n)/(adj.) 病人；有痛的
  Her research findings were invalidated by her strong personal bias. 她的研究成果因她顽固的个人偏见而变得毫无用处。

4. prevail [力量领先pre(=before)+vail<val(= strength, worth)]
  vt. 占优势，战胜；普及，盛行；奏效
  prevailing  adj. 占优势的；普及的，流行的；有效的
  prevalent adj. 普及的，流行的
  prevaience  n. 普及，流行
  Although the team was down in the 3rd quarter ,in the end they prevailed．虽然那个队在第三局处于劣势，不过最终他们还是赢了。

5. convalesce
  v.（生病后渐渐地）恢复健康  *con<com(=with)，esc(=becoming)
  convalesce atter a long illness  久病之后逐渐康复

6. convalescent
  adj.（病）渐愈的；恢复中的几康复期病人
  convalescence  n. 渐愈；恢复期
  convalescent hospital （为康复期病人提供的）康复院．疗养院

7. countervail
  v.与…势均力敌；抵消；补偿 *counter(=against),vail<val(=strong,strength)
  countervailing duties  抵消关税

8. devaluate
  v. 降低…的价值，（使）贬值  *de（=down）
  devalue  v. （使）贬值
  devaluate the dollar  使美元贬值

9. devaluation
  n. 贬值 *de(=down)
  devaluation policy  贬值政策

10. equivalent
  adj. 同等的 n. 同等物；相当物；意义相同的词（或符号、表达法等）*equ(=equal)

11. evaluate
  v. 评价；鉴定 *e<ex(=out)

12. evaluation
  n. 评价 *e<ex(=out)

13. invalid
  adj.无效的  n. 患者，病人仉病弱的；（因病或伤导致的）残疾的；供病人用的
  v. （因病或伤而）使退役 *in(=not)
  invalidity  n. 无效
  invalidism  n. 长期的病弱状态
  invalid excuses  无效的辩解
  invalid will  无效遗嘱
  be invalided out of the army  因伤病而退伍

14. invaluable
  adj.无法估价的，非常贵重的 *in(=intensive,not)

15. revalue
  n.对…再评价；对…再估价 *re（again）

16. revaluation
  n. 再评价；再估价；币值的重新调整 *re(=again)
  revaluation of the German mark  量新调整德国马克的币值

17. unavailing
  adj.无效的；无益的；无用的 *un（=not），a<ad(=to),vali<val(=worth)

18. undervalue
  v. 低估
  overvalue 高估

19. valence/valency
  n. 原子价，化合价

20. valetudinarian
  adj.体弱多病的；过分担心健康的
  n. 体弱多病的人；过分担心健康的人

21. valiant
  adj. 勇敢的，英勇的
  valiant soldier  勇敢的战士

22. valid
  adj. 有效的；有根据的；正当的
  valid for six months  六个月内有效
  raise valid objections  提出有根据的异议

23. validity
  n. 正当性；有效性；效力
  validate v. 使生效

24. valour
  n.（特指人在战场上的）勇气；勇猛
  valorous  adj. 勇敢的．勇猛的

25. valuable
  adj.贵重的；有价值的；有用的 (pl.)贵重物品
  valuable friend  可贵的朋友
  valuable discovery  有价值的发现

26. valuation
  n. 评价；估价；估定的价格

27. value
  n. 价值；价格；有用性
  v. 评价；尊重；重视
  valueless  adj.没有价值的
  valuer  n. （财产、土地等的）估价师：评价者
  value-added tax  增值税

词根：lig (li, leag, ly) = to bind, to tie 绑

  词根lig来源于拉丁语 ligare 绑 / 约束；li,leag,ly 为 lig  的变体,同义词根有来源于拉丁语的cinct,nect/nex,strain/strict/string/stress等和来源于盎格鲁-撒克逊语的bond。此外，意为to join 的junct/join/jug也与此词根含义相似。

  词根lig还有二个同形异源词根一个是与来源于拉丁语 lustrare 表示“光”的lust异形同义词根lig;一个是表示“选”的意思的lig。即如果不看这个词根的来源lig有“绑”、“选”、“光”的意思，但是他们的来源完全不一样，注意区别。

同源词：

1. alliance [捆得很近al<ad(=to,near)+li<lig(=bind)]
  n. 同盟；联姻
  ally  v. 结盟；联姻；联合；(n.)同盟国，联盟国；姻亲
  allied  adj. 结盟的
  In alliance with my mother, we convinced my father to buy us kids a car. 我们和妈妈联合起来说服爸爸给我们小孩子买了一辆汽车。

2. obligate [用力地捆 ob(= intensive)+lig(=bind)]
  vt. sb+to do 使负有责任、义务
  obligation  n. 义务，责任
  obligatory  adj. 有义务的；必须的
  A typical rental lease obligates the landlord to make any needed repairs. 典型的租赁合同上都规定房东有义务负责所有必要的维修。

3. liaison [起到捆的作用li<lig(=bind)]
  n. 联络；私通
  liaise n. 取得联系；充当联络人
  I work as a liaison between top management and the union leaders. 我负责最高管理层和工会领导人之间的联络工作。

4. liability
  n.  责任，义务；倾向；(pl．)债务；负债；不利（的事情） *li<lig(=bind)
  liablity insurance  责任保险
  liability for military service  兵役义务
  liability to disease  易于患病的倾向

5. liable
  adj. 有责任的，有义务的；可能遭受…的；易患…的  *li<lig(=bind)

6. league
  n. 联盟，同望；盟约；里格（长度单位，约为3英里、5公里或3海里） v.（使）结盟，联盟，（使）订立盟约 *Leag<lig(=tie)

7. ligament
  n. 系带,纽带；韧带

8. ligature
  n. 带子，绳索；绷带；结扎线

9. oblige
  v. 迫使；施恩于；答应…的请求 *ob(=to)
  obliging neighbors  乐于助人的邻居

10. rally
  n. 大会,集会；（重新）集合  v. 重新集合、聚集；召集  *r<re(=again), al<ad(=near), ly<lig(=tie)
  political rally  政治集会
  peace rally  和平集会

11. reliable
  adj. 可靠的；可依赖的 *re(=again),li<lig(=tie)
  reliability  n. 可靠性，可信赖性
  reliable information 可靠的信息

12. reliance
  n. 信任，信赖；可依赖的人（或物）*re(=again),li(lig(=tie)
  reliant  adj. 信任的；依赖的

13. rely
  v. 依靠；信赖 *re(=again),li<lig(=tie)

14. religion
  n. 宗教：信仰；信条 *re(=again)
  great religions of the world  世界主要宗教  (Christianity, Judaism, lslam,Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.)
  freedom of religion  宗教信仰自由

15. religious
  adj. 宗教的，宗教上的；虔诚的；修道的；认真的， n. 修道士；修女；和尚；尼姑 *re(=again)
  religious rites  宗教仪式
  religious life  修行生活
  religious man  虔诚的人

词根：apt(ept, att) = fit 适当的

  来源于拉丁语的aptus(=fit),词根ept,att是apt的变形。

同源词：

1. adapt [便适合于某物ad(= to) + apt (=fit)]
  vt. oneself + to +sth 使适应，使合适：改编；改造
  vi. to + sth
  adaptation  n. 适应，顺应；改编
  adaptability  adj.适应性
  adaptable adj.可适应的；可改蝙的
  adapted  adj. 合适的
  adaptive  asdj.合适的，适应的
  They say it takes 6 weeks to adapt to a new town after you move. 人们说搬家之后需要6用的时间来适应新城市的生活。

2. adept [正好适合于某物的，合适的ad(=to) +ept<apt(=fit)]
  adj. 熟练的，娴熟的，精通的
  n. 能手；内行
  He's quite adept at archery，nearly always hitting the target dead on. 他很擅长射箭，几乎每次都能射中靶心。

3. inept [不适当的in(=not)+ept<apt(=fit)]
  adj. 不适当的；不熟练的；愚笨的；无能的
  ineptitude  n. 不熟练，不适宜；不当的言行
  ineptly  adv. 不适当地
  l apologize for my inept remark;I never meant to offend you． 我为自己不恰当的言语道歉,我绝不是有意冒犯您。

4. apt
  adj. 合适的，恰当的；聪明的；易于…的，有…倾向的
  aptly  adv. 适当地；巧妙地
  aptness  n. 适合性；倾向；才能

5. aptitude
  n.恰当，适宜；天资；倾向
  aptitude test  能力倾向测验
  Scholastic Aptitude Test  学习能力倾向测试，即SAT,美国大学本科标准入学考试

6. attitude
  n.态度；姿势 *att<apt(=fit)
  strike an artitude  装腔作势

7. attitudinize
  v. 装腔作势 *att<apt(=fit)

8. contraption
  n.奇妙的装置；新发明物 *contr<contra(=against)

9. periapt
  n.护身符 *peri(=around)

词根：ne(na, no, n) = not 不

  来源于古英语或拉丁语ne，亦作 n- ( 它在元音前的变体 ) 意为not,表示否定。其变形有na, no,n等。

同源词：

1. annul [使接近没有an<ad(=to, near)+n<ne(=not)+ul(=any)]
  vt. 宣布…无效；废止，取消
  annulment  n. 取消，废止
  Failure to arrive to work on time will annul your employment contract. 如果你不能准时上班，将被解除聘用合同。

2. nefarious
  adj. 恶毒的，邪恶的 *fa(=say)

3. nescience
  n. 无知 *sci(=know)
  nescient  adj. 无知的

4. neuter
  adj. 中性的；（植物）无性的；生殖器发育不全的；不生育的
  n.[语]中性名词；中性；生殖器发育不全的动物；阉割过的动物
  v. 阉割
  *uter(=whether of the two)
  neutered tomcat  阉割过的雄猫

5. neutral
  adj.中立的；中立国的；中性的；模糊的；略带灰色的；（齿轮）空档的
  n. 中立者；中立国；（齿轮）空档  *utr<uter(=whether of the two)
  neutral nations  中立国
  neutral tints  暗淡色;灰色

6. neutrality
  n. 中立状态 *utr<uter(=whether of the two)
  armed neutrality  武装中立
  strict neutrality  严榕的中立

7. neutralize
  v. 使中立；使无效；使中和 *utr<uter(=whether of the two)
  neutralize a poison  中和毒素

8. neutron
  n. 中子

9. naught/nought
  n. 零；无 *ught(=thing),na,no<ne(=not)
  come to nought / naught 归于失败
  point nought / naught one 零点零一(0.01)

词根：ced, cess(ceed, ceas) = to go 走

  词根ced,ceed,cess 是同源异形根，来源拉丁动词cedere,意为to go （走）。其中，ced是不定式词干；ceed是ced 在英语中的音变形式，它在英语中只有proceed,succeed和exceed三个原生派生词；cess是动名词词干，用来组成与某些动词相应的名词或形容词。
 
  同义词根有来源于拉丁语的grad/gress/gred,it,vad/vas,还有来源于希腊语的bat[bet,bit]和来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的fare。

同源词：

1. access [走近ac<ad(=to，near)+cess(=go)]
  n.进入，接近；病的发作
  vt.[计] 存取；接近
  accessibility  n. 可接近
  accessible  adj.可接近的；易得到的
  You can only access the building by one entrance on weekends. 周末只能通过一个入口进入那座建筑。

2. accede [走近ac<ad(=to,near)+ced(=go)]
  vi. to + sth  同意；就任；继承；正式加入
  accession  n. 继承：就任；接近；加盟
  The police negotiator acceded to the kidnappers' demands. 警方谈判人员同意了绑架者的要求。

3. concede [带着某物走con<com(=with)+ced(=go)]
  vt. 承认；让步；给予
  concession  n. 让步，容忍；租地营业（权）；特许
  concessive  adj.让步的，让与的
  As much as I hate losing an argument,I have tO concede that you are correct. 我虽然很不喜欢在争论中输给别人，但我不得不承认你是对的。

4. incessant [不能走的in(=not) +cess(=go)]
  adj. 无休止的，不停的
  incessantly  adv. 不间断地
  My ex-wife was an incessant complainer; my present wife isn't． 我的前妻常无休止地抱怨，而我现在的妻子不这样。

5. precedent [向前走pre(=before) +ced(=go)]
  n. 前例，先例；判例
  precede  v. 领先；先于…
  precedence  n. 领先，优先，居先
  preceding  adj.在前的
  precedented  adj.有先例的
  Some say the government's decision to continue logging sets a dangerous precedent. 有人说政府决定继续伐木开了一个危脸的先例。

6. predecessor [领先往下走的人 pre(=before)+de(=down)+cess(=go)]
  n. 前任；祖先；被代替的原有事物
  The new Miss America was crowned by her predecessor. 前任美国小姐给新当选的美国小姐戴上了王冠。

7. recede [向后走re(=back)+ced(=go)]
  vi.退，后退
  recession  n. 退，后退 
  recess  n. 假期；休会；休庭；幽深处
  recessive  adj.后退的，逆行的
  recessional  adj. 后退的；（英）议会休会的；(n．)退场时唱的赞美诗
  The flood waters are expected to recede within 36 hours. 预计暴涨的洪水将在36个小时内退去。

8. intercede [走向其间inter(=batween)+ced(=go)]
  vi. in+sth; with+sb +for+ sb  调停；仲裁；请愿，求情
  intercession  n. 仲裁；调停；请求，请愿
  We asked the consulate to intercede when our son was arrested in Panama. 儿子在巴拿马被捕时，我们请求领事馆予以调解。

9. successive [连在底部、尾部走的suc<sub(=under) +cess(=go)]
  adj.连续的：继承的
  succession  n. 连续；继承（权）
  successor  n. 继承人；后继人
  I was late to work on three successive days． 我连续三天上班迟到。

10. abscess
  n. 脓肿，脓疮  *abs<ab(=away)
  abscesses on the gums  齿蠢脓肿

11. accessary
  n. 帮凶，从犯 *ac<ad(=near)
  accessary to a crime  某犯罪行为的从犯

12. accessory
  n.附属物；服饰搭配物（如钱包、手绢、胸针等）；从犯，帮凶 adj.附属的；帮凶的 *ac<ad(=near)
  accessories of a bicycle  自行车的附件
  accessories of a woman's dress  女装的搭配物

13. antecedent
  adj.在先的，先前的眼前情；祖先；经历；先行词 *ante(=before)
  antecedence  n.先行

14. cede
  v.转让（权力）．割让（土地）

15. cease
  v. 停止，终止  *ceas<cess(=go)
  ceaseless  adj.不断的
  ceasefire 停战
  without cease 不停地

16. cession
  n.（权力的）转让，（土地的）割让，让与；转让的事物

17. decease
  n./v.死广，亡故  *de(=down)

18. deceased
  adj.已死的，已故的 *de(=down)
  the deceased  死者
  the deceased father  先父
  family of the deceased  死者家属

19. epicedium
  n.哀歌：挽歌 *epi(=upon)

20. exceed
  v. 超越，超过，胜过 *ex(=out)
  exceeding  adj. 非常的，极度的
  exceedingly  adv. 非常地，极度地

21. excess
  n.过多，过剩；超过；过度，无节制；过分的行为；暴行
  adj.过量的 *eX(=out)
  excess of imports  入超
  excess baggage，luggage  超重行李

22. excessive
  adj.过度的；过多的 *ex(=out)
  excossively  adv. 过度地
  excessive charges 过高的收费

23. cessation
  n.停止；中止
  cessation of hostilities  停战，停火

24. nacessarily
  adv.必然地，必定地；必需地 *ne(=not)

25. necessary
  adj.必要的；必然的 n．必需品
  necessary evil 无法避免的坏事：不得已的事
  necessary condition 必要条件

26. inaccessible
  adj.难以接近的  *in(=not),ac<ad(=near)
  Inaccessibility  n. 不易接近，难以达到

27. necessitate
  v. 使成为必要；迫使 *ne(=not)

28. necessitous
  adj.穷困的；贫乏的 *ne(=not)
  in necessitous circumstances  在贫困的环境里

29. necessity
  n.必要，必然性；必需品 *ne(=not)
  daily necessities  生活，必需品
  Necessity knows no law. 情出无奈，罪可赦免，（做事不择手段的辩解语）

30. procedure
  n. 程序，步骤，手续：（事态等的）进程 *pro(=forward)
  legal procedure  法律程序
  parliamentary procedure  议会议事程序
  the code of civil/criminal procedure  民事/刑事诉讼法

31. proceed
  v.继续进行；出自，源于；起诉  *pro(=forward)
  diseases that proceed from dirt  因不干净而引发的疾病

32. proceeding
  v.进行；(pI．)行为；诉讼（程序）；会议录 *pro(=forward)
  take/start legal proceedings against  对…起诉
  the proceedings of the Kent Archaeological Society  肯特考古学会的会议录

33. proceeds
  n.收入，收益  *pro（=forward，forth）
  net proceeds  纯收入
  proceeds of business 营业收入

34. pocess
  v. （为保存原材料而进行）处理，加工（食品）；[摄]洗（胶卷）；[计]处理数据
  n. 进程，过程；工序，步骤；制作方法；[印]照相制版术；[律]所讼：传票，诉讼过程中的各种命令
  processed cheese/butter  加工过的奶酪/黄油
  process film  冲洗胶片
  new process of dyeing 新式染色法
  three-color process 三色印刷法
 
34. procession
  n.（人、车等的）行列；行进 *pro(=forward)
  in procession 列队

35. processional
  adj.行列的；列队时用的  *pro（=forward）

36. secede
  v.（从政党、教会组织等中）退出，脱离 *se(=away,apart)

37. secession
  n.退出，脱离（组织、政党等）；[美史]（引发南北战争的）南部十一州脱离联邦  *se(=away,apart)
  secessionist n.(分离论者；脱离派者；[芙史](S~)南北战争中主张脱离联邦者

38. success
  n. 成功；继承 *suc<sub(=under)
  succeed to an estate  继承财产
  success story  成功故事
  Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成，事事成。

39. successful
  adj.成功；兴旺；成功的人（或事）*suc<sub(=under)
  successfully  adv. 成功地，圆满地
  successful bid 中标
  successful candidate 当选者
  successful business  兴隆的生意

40. unprecedented
  adj.无先例的  *un(=not), pre(=before)
  precedented  有先例的

词根：preci(prais, pric, priz) = price（价格, 价值）

  来源于拉丁语 pretium 价值,prais,pric,priz为preci的变形。

同源词：

1. appreciable [可以给某物定价的ap<ad(=to)+preci(=price)]
  adj. 可感知的；可观的；可估计的
  appreciate  v.感谢；正确评价；欣赏；（充分）意识到
  appreciation n. 感谢；评价；欣赏；重视
  appreciative  adj.欣赏的；感激的
  appreciably  adv.相当地；明显地；可察觉地
  My uncle earned an appreciable amount of money in the stock market. 我叔叔在股市赚了一大笔钱。

2. depreciation [价格向下、降低de(=down)+preci（=price）]
  n. 降价，贬值；轻视；折旧
  depreciate  v. 降价；轻视，藐视
  depreciatory  adj.降价的；轻视的
  Capital equipment taxes are calculated after factoring in depreciation．资本设备税的计算要先考虑折旧因素。

3. precious
  adj.贵重的，珍贵的；<口> 十足的；可爱的 ad.非常，很
  precious metal  贵金属
  precious stone 宝石
  precious fool  十足的傻瓜
  precious cold 非常冷

4. appraise
  v.评价；估价 *ap<ad(=to), prais<preci(=price)

5. appraisal
  n.评价；估价 *ap<ad(=to), prais<preci(=price)
  interim appraisal 临时/中期评估
 
6. praise
  v./n. 称赞，赞美  *prais<preci(=price)
  praiseworthy adj.值得称赞的，可嘉的
  win high praise 赢得高度赞扬
  in praise of 赞美…

7. price
  v.给…定价；问…的价格几价格；代价；赏金
  pricy  adj.昂贵的
  price cartel 价格协定
  price index 物价指教
  price tag （贴在商品上的）价格标签
  market price 市价
  special price 特价
  fixed /set price 固定价格
  asking price 要价
  at cost price 按成本价
  put a price on one's head 悬赏捉拿或处死某人

8. priceless
  adj.贵重的，稀世珍重的；<口>极荒唐的；极有趣的 *pric<preci(=price)
  priceless paintings 非常贵重的画

9. prize
  n.奖赏；奖品；赏金；捕获物，战利品；（竞争等的）目标 v.评价；重视
  adj.该得奖的；了不起的；得奖的；作为奖品的 *priz<preci(=price)
  prizewinning  adj.获奖的，得奖的
  prize for good conduct 善行奖
  consolation prizes  安慰奖
  prize scholarship 成绩优良奖学金
  prize winner  获奖者
  prize medal 奖章

词根：sem(sembl), sim(simul, simil) = same, like, equal

  词根sem来源于拉丁语的semol，词根sembl是sem的变体;sim来源于拉丁语的similis=(like)，simil，simul是sim的变体，simil元音弱化后就变成了simul。以上所有词根及其变体都有“same（相同），like（类似），equal（相等）”的意思。与这些词根的同义词有来源于拉丁语的equ,par,ident等和来源于希腊语的tauto。

同源词：

1. assimilate [使几乎相同as<ad(=to, near)+simil(=same)]
  vt.使同化；把…比作；消化；理解
  assimilation n. 同化；消化
  lt's difficult to assimiiate so much information in a 1-hour lecture. 用一个小时的课程来消化这么多的信息是有难度的。

2. dissimulate [使不相同dis(=not) + simul<simil(=same)]
  vt. 掩饰（情感、动机等）；装假
  dissimulation n. 掩饰；装假
  Susan's efforts to dissimutate her feelings of inadequacy are a sign of immaturity. 苏珊试图掩饰自己无法胜任的感觉，这说明她还不够成熟。

3. simulate [使相同simul<simil(=same)]
  vt.假装；模仿；模拟
  simulation n.假装；模仿；模拟
  simulator n.（为实验准备的）模拟装置
  I only simuiate interest in her lectures because I think she's actually boring. 我只是假装对她的讲座很感兴趣，因为我觉得她实际上很无聊。

4. facsimile
  n.（笔迹、印刷品、藏等的）摹本；[电信]电传真 *fac(=make)

5. similarity
  n.类似（点），相似（处）

6. similar
  adj.类似的
  similarly  adv.类似地；一样地

7. simile
  n.明喻，直喻

8. similitude
  n. 类似，相似

9. simulacrum
  n.幻影：假象 *acr(=sharp)

10. simultaneous
  adj.同步的，同时发生的
  simultaneously  adv.同时地
  simultanerty  n. 同时发生；同时完成
  simultaneous interpreter 同声传译员

11. resemble [re- 再，sem 相同，-le后缀]
  v.相似（再看也感觉相同）
  resemblance n. [见上，-ance名词后缀]

12. verisimilar [ver(i) = true]
  adj. 像真实的；可能的（像真的）
  verisimilitude n.似真；好像真实；逼真

词根：lev(liev) = to raise（举, 升）, to light（轻的）

  来自拉丁语的levare意为to raise,to lift, light,smooth等。其变形为liev。

同源词：

1. alleviate [使变得更轻al<ad(=to, add)+lev(=light, lift)]
  vt.减轻（痛苦等），缓解
  alleviation n. 减轻，缓解
  Aspirin usually alleviates moderate pain symptoms. 通常阿司匹林可以缓解轻度疼痛。

2. irrelevant  [不能再举起的ir<in(=not)+re(=again)+lev（=lift,light）]
  adj.不恰当的，不切题的；无关系的
  irrelevance/irrelevancy n.不恰当，不对题；无关系
  My professor said the third paragraph of my essay is irrelevant . 教授说我论文的第三段与论文整体没有关联。

3. levity [轻浮的行为lev（=light,lift）
  n. 轻率；轻浮
  l enjoy our professor's levity,It makes the hour go faster. 我喜欢我们教授轻松的风格，因为这让时问过得很快。

4. relevant [再次举起的re(=again)+lev（=Iift, light）]
  adj.有关系的，有关联的；恰当的
  relevance/relevancy n.相关性；恰当
  relevantly adv.恰当地
  The bibliography contains items relevant to the subject of cardiopulmonary health. 参考文献目录中包含与心肺健康这一主题相关的条目。

5. elevate
  v.举起；提高  e<ex(=out), lev（=lift）
  elevate the voice 提南嗓音
  elevated railway/railroad 高架铁道

6. elevation
  n.高度，海拔；提高；高尚；（炮的）仰角；（建筑物的）立视图 *e<ex(=out),lev(=lift)
  elevation of 3.000 meters 海拔3.000米
  elevation of thought 思想的高尚

7. elevator
  n.电梯：升降机 *e<ex(=out), lev(=lift)

8. lever
  n.杠杆；控制杆；手段 v. 用杠杆移动 *lev(lift)

9. leverage
  n.杠杆作用；杠杆装置；（为达到某一目的而使用的）手段 *lev（=lift）
  political leverage  政治手段

10. levitate
  v.（使）飘浮；（使）升空 *lev（=lift）
  levitation n.（依靠超自然力量的）空中飘浮

11. levy
  v.征收（税金等）；征集，召集；发动与…的战争（~ on）；（依据法律）扣押
  n．课税，征税；征集；征兵 *lev(=light)
  levy a tax/a fine/a ransom on（向…征收税金，罚金/索取赎金）
  levy on a person's property/estate 扣押某人的财产/不动产
  capital levy 资产税

12. relieve
  v.减轻（痛苦、负担等）；救济；换班；使解除；使突出，使醒目 *re(=again), liev<lev(=lift)
  relief n.减轻；宽慰；救济；救济品；换班
  relieve one's feelings（哭喊或打闹以）发泄情绪
  relieve oneself，nature/the bowels 排泄，方便

词根：ali, al, alter(ulter, altru) = other 其他的, 变更

  词源：al,alter都来源于拉丁语的alter 意思是“其他的”，ulter,altru是词根alter的变形。词根ali的意思也是“其他的”。《赢在单词》这本词源书解释ali与al(ter)不是同源，ali来源于拉丁语的alius;al(ter)和ali是异源异形同义词根，由于本站词根是按词义介绍的，所以把它们放在一起了，而刘毅的英文字根字典把ali,al(ter)列为同源异形根，都来源于alter(=other)。all也是它们的同义词根，all来源于希腊词根词根allos ，也表示“其它的”意思，其中，由 -ali- 所构成的单词大部分会发生转意，还需要我们在使用时仔细辨认。但词根 -alter- 在单词中的意思却非常明显。

  这里的词根al与另一个来源于拉丁语alere(to nourish) 的词根al，是同形异源词根，注意不要混淆。

同源词：

1. adulterate [添加别的东西ad(=to,add)+ulter<alter(=other)]
  vt.掺杂，掺假
  adulteration  n.混合，掺和；掺假
  Cocaine dealers often adulterate the drug with harmless powder. 可卡因贩卖商常常将无害的粉末掺在可卡因中。

2. alienate [使具备其他性质ali(=other)]
  vt.使孤立．使疏远；[律]让渡
  alienation  n.孤立，疏远：让渡
  You're likely to alienate a lot of customers with this price increase. 这样提高价格很可能会使你和很多顾客疏远。

3. altercation [彼此意见不同alter(=other)]
  n. 争论，激烈的争吵
  The officers responded to reports of an altercation in apartment 3D. 警察们在接到3D号公寓内有口角冲突的报告后立即出动。

4. altruistic [向着其他人的altru<alter(=other)]
  adj.利他的
  He's very altruistic and devotes himself to good works. 他总是想着别人，常做好事。

5. alien
  adj.外国的；性质不同的；（想法等）不相容的以 n.外国人

6. inalienable
  adj.不能让与的 *in(=not)

7. alias
  n.（为隐藏身份而使用的）化名，别名  adv. 化名为
  The criminal  had several aliases. 罪犯曾有个化名。

8. alibi
  n. 不在犯罪现场的证明：辩解 *bi(=place)
  The accused man was able to prove/establish，set up an alibi. 被告可以证明自己不在犯罪现场。

9. adultery
  n．通奸 *ad(=add),ulter<alter(=other)
  adulterer n.奸夫
  adulteress n.奸妇

10. adulterous
  adj.通奸的 *ad(=add),ulter<alter(=other)
  adulterous woman 通奸的女人

11. alter
  v.改变，变更；修改（成衣的）尺寸
  alterable  adj.可改变的；可修改的

12. alteration
  n.变更；修改（成衣的）尺寸

13. alter ago
  n.第二自我；至交 *ego(=self)

14. alternate
  adj.轮流的，交替的；间隔的；（叶子）互生的；供选择的
  n. 替补者；候补者；代理人以
  v. 交替；轮流
  alternately  adv.轮流地；交替地；间隔地
  on alternate days 隔一天
  Day alternates with night. 日夜交替。

15. alternative
  n.二择一；可选择的办法
  adj.两者中择一的；供选择的
  alternatively  adv.两者中择一地
  alternative plan 供选择的计划

词根：rad, ras(raz) = to rub, to scrape（刮擦）

  来源于拉丁语 radere 意为to rub, to scrape 刮擦。其变形为raz，ras。

同源词：

1. erase
  v.擦掉 *e<ex(=out)
  erasure n.抹去；擦掉 [-ure抽象名词后缀]

2. eraser
  n.擦除器（如橡皮、黑板擦等）*e<ex(=out)

3. rase/raze
  v.拆毁，夷平
  city razed by an earthquake 被地震夷为平地的城市

4. abrasive [ab(=away) ras/rad(=scrape)] 刮擦以使脱离、消失
  adj. causing abrasion ;harsh,rough 磨擦的，磨损的；使和别人产生摩擦的；烦人的，恼人的；粗糙的；
  n.substance used for rubbing or grinding down surfaces 磨料
  abrasiveness n. 与人关系上的摩擦；
  abrasion n.磨损，磨耗；
  The texture of a cat's tongue is remarkably abrasive.猫的舌头异常粗糙。

5. rascal
  n.恶棍；（开玩笑愚弄人的）捣蛋鬼

6. rascally
  adj.流氓的，卑鄙的
  rascally trick 卑劣的伎俩

7. rash
  n.疹；短时间内爆发的一连串（多指不愉快的事物）adj.急躁的；鲁莽的，轻率的
  heat-rash 痱子
  come out in a rash 身上生满疹子
  rash act 草率的行动
  rash young man 鲁莽的年轻人

8. rasp
  n.粗锉刀；锉磨声
  v.用粗锉刀锉；刺激，使恼怒；发出刮攘声；发出刺耳的声音；用嘶哑的声音大声说
  rasp one's feelings/nerves 刺激某人的感情，神经
  rasp out orders 用嘶哑的声音大声命令
  rasping voice 刺耳的囔音

9. razor
  n.剃刀；刮须刀

10. raze
  v.（从记忆中）消逝；忘却；摧毁

词根：ori(ort) = to rise, to arise（升起）

  词根ori来源于拉丁语 oriri 出现,升起；ori的变形词词根有orig,ort。

同源词：

1. abortive [从产生的地方脱落的ab(=from)+ort<ori(=arise)]
  adj.失败的；流产的
  abortion n. 流产，堕胎；中途失败
  abortionist n. 流产权的支持者
  abort v.流产；中途失败
  The soldiers made an abortive attempt to rescue the hostages. 士兵们试图救出人质，但没有成功。

2. aboriginal
  adj.（人、生物）原始的；土著的月，上著居民；土生植物（或动物）*ab(=away)

3. aborigines
  n.土生植物（或动韧）群 *ab（=away）
  Aborigine 澳大利亚的土著居民

4. orient
  v.（使）适应（环境等）；（使）向东儿（the O ~）东方；（太阳等）升起的
  help freshmen to orient themselves to college and its life 帮助新生适应大学和大学生活

5. oriental
  adj.东方的；东方人的几(O～)东方人
  orientalist n.东方学者

6. orientation
  n.（向新生、新职员等进行的）情况介绍；（对环境的）适应；（方针、方向的）确定
  orientate v.（使）向东；（使）适应（环境）

7. oriented
  adj.以…为目的的；重视…的
  fand-oriented 以土地为目的的
  child-oriented home 重视孩子的家庭

8. origin
  n.起源，开端
  The Origin of Species <物种起源》
  the origin(s)of civilization 文明的起源
  a word of Latin origin 来自拉丁语的词

9. original
  adj.独创的，有创意的；最初的，本来的 n. 原物
  originally adv.独创地；原来，最初
  original edition 原版
  original writer 有创意的作家
  original mind 有创意的头脑

10. originality
  n.独创性，创造力，创意
  work that lacks originality 缺乏创意的作品

11. originate
  v.起源于，来自于；创作，发明
  originator n.创作者；创始人．发起人
  originate a new style of dancing 开创一种新的舞蹈风格

12. disorient
  v.使失去方位；使偏歪；使迷惑（使离开东方）dis(=away)
  disorientate v. = disorient
  disorientation n.失去方向；偏歪

13. reorientate v.=reorient
  reorientation n.再改方向；再定方位；再适应

词根：err(arr) = to wander（漫游）

  来源：①来源于拉丁语 errare 徘徊，arr是它的变形。如果你“漫游”的脱离了正道，太离谱，当然会“犯错误”，所以该词根所构成的词汇有很多都含有“犯错”的含义；②来源于拉丁格言：Errare humanum est．即：人非圣贤，孰能无过；③来源于字母的含义，e 代表“眼睛”，r 代表“树枝”，理解为：眼看着大树的树枝不断漫无边际地双倍向外生长。
  同义词根有来自拉丁语的plan和来自希腊语的vag,异形同义词根是：-vag- 徘徊，迷失。

同源词：

1. arrant
  adj.足的；臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
  arrant thief 臭名昭著的小偷
  arrant fool 十足的傻瓜
  arranf rogue  十足的恶棍
  arrant nonsense 一派胡言

2. err
  v.犯错：出差错

3. errand
  n.差事
  a fool's errand 白跑腿的差事
  errand boy 供差遣的童仆
  run errands 跑腿

4. errant
  adj.犯错误的，诶人歧途的
  errant husband  犯了错误的丈夫

5. erratic
  adj.古怪的；无规律的；无固定路线的
  erratic star 运行轨道不定的星星

6. erratum
  n.书写错误，印刷错误
  errata (erratum的复教)

7. erroneous
  asdj.错误的，不正确的

8. error
  n.错误，过失，失误
  clerical error 誊写工作中的笔误
  fall into error 误入歧途
  printer's errors 印刷错误
  error of judgment 判断错误

9. unerring
  adj.反正确无误的；没有偏差的 *un(=not)
  fire with unerring aim 瞄准射击
  strike an unerring blow 击中

10. oberrant
  adj.超乎党轨的；变态的；异常的（漂离）ab(=away)
  oberrance n.越轨；逸出
  aberration n.越轨；恍惚；错乱

11. inerrant
  adj. 无错误的 in(=not)
  inerrantic adj.非反复无常的；有规律的；固定的

12. aberration [脱离某物徘徊ab(=from)+err(=wander)]
  n. the state of being abnormal; an abnormal act; failure of rays to focus 脱离常规；越轨；像差（焦点不准确而造成的物象模糊）
  aberrant adj.脱离常规的；越轨的；
  An aberration in the lens caused the telescope to reveal a flawed image. 镜头出现了像差，导致望远镜上的图像有些走样。

词根：voc, vok(vouc, vow, voic) = to call 喊叫, voice（声音）

  说文解字:词根voc源自拉丁文vocare,表示“to call(喊叫)”，词根来源于vox表示“(声音)”,可以追溯到原始印欧语根*wekw-。单词vocation 原义是“由神呼唤出来的东西”，即“神召、天使”。那么，“神召唤你去干什么事情”则是“天职，职业”，当然完成这样的工作需要“禀赋和才能”。所以，与一般表示“工作，职业的单词相比vocation 侧重于那些“需要特殊才能的职业”。与vocation 一字之差的vacation 是表示“假期”，在词源上二者很容易区分开来，词根vac是“空”的意思，空闲出来的时间就是假期了。词根vok是voc的变体，体现了k-c之间的互换关系，例如单词convoke 字面理解就是“喊到一起”（con- = together),引申为“召集开会”的意思。

  voc和vok这二个词根因与拉丁语的vox,vocis 相关，所以也有voice的意思。vouc,vow,voic是其变形。

同源词：

1. avocation [远离上天所赋予的天职a<ab(=away)+voc(=voice,call)]
  n. 副业;业余爱好
  I am a poet．but only by avocation. 我是个诗人，不过只是业余的。

2. advocate [向人们大喊ad(=to) +voc(=call)]
  v. 拥护；主张
  n. 拥护者
  advocacy n.拥护；倡导
  advocator n.拥护者；倡导者
  The candidate advocates deep tax cuts. 那位候选人主张大幅削减税金。

3. evoke [向外、向上叫e<ex(=out，up)+vok(=call)]
  vt. 招（魂）；引起，唤起
  evocation n.引起；唤起
  evocative adj.引起的；唤起的
  That song evokes many pleasant high school memories for me. 那首歌唤起了我许多高中时的美好回忆。

4. avowed [向人们大喊的a<ad(=to)+vow<voc(=call)]
  adj.坦率承认的；公开宣布的
  avowal n.公开声明；坦率承认
  avow v. 公开声明；坦率承认
  avowedly adv.公然地廷
  My father is an avowed supporter of the Republican Party. 我父亲坦然承认自己是共和党的支持者。

5. disavow [向人们大喊说不是dis(= not) + a<ad ( = to) + vow<voc ( = call) ]
  vt. 否认；拒绝
  disavowal n.否认
  He put an ad in the nawspaper disavowing any debts of his ex-wife. 他在报纸上登广告表示拒绝对前妻所欠的任何债务负责。

6. invoke [依靠某物呼喊in(=on)+vok(=call)]
  vt.祈求神的庇护；请求：诉诸【法律）；以法术、咒语召唤（鬼怪等）
  invocation n.祈祷；求助
  People who say blessings at mealtime invoke the name of God with thanks. 就餐时祈祷的人心怀感激地呼唤上帝的名字。

7. irrevocable [无法叫回的ir<in(=not)+re(=back)+voc(=cali)
  adj.不能取消的；不可挽回的
  The country club gave my father an irrevocable lifetime membership. 那个乡村俱乐部授予我父亲终身会员资格。

8. provoke [向前召唤 pro(=forward,forth)+ vok ( = call) ]
  vt.激怒：诱发；激起
  provocation n.激怒；刺激；挑拨
  provocative adj.令人生气的；刺激的
  provoking adj.刺激的；惹人恼火的
  My words provoked her so much that she stopped speaking to me. 我的话让她很生气，所以她没再跟我说话。

9. avouch
  v.肯定；保证 *a<ad(=to)．vouc<voc(=call)

10. revoke [叫回 re(=back) +vok(=call, voice)]
  vt.撤回；废止，取消
  revocation  n.度止，取消
  revocable  adj.可以废止（或取消）的
  His driving license was revoked after his DUI arrest. 他酒后驾车被捕后，驾照被吊销了。

11. convoke
  v. 召集 *con<com(=together)

12. convocation
  n.（会议的）召集；（人学毕业生的）评议会；（英国教会的）主教区会议 *con（com（=together）

13. invoice
   n.发货单；清单  v．开清单；将…列入清单

14. unvoiced
  adj.（想法等）未说出的 *un(=not)．voic<VOC(=call)
 
15. vocabulary
  n.词汇 *ary ( = place where)
  a writer with a large  vocabulary 词汇量大的作家

16. vocal
  adj.声音的；声乐的
  vocalize v.  说；唱
  vocalist n. 声乐衮；歌手
  vocally adv.发声地：歌唱的
  vocalcores  声带
  vocalorgans  发声器官
  vocalmusic  声乐
  vocalscore  声乐钢缩编谱

17. vocational
  adj.职业的
  vocational guide 职业指导

18. vocative
  adj. 反称呼的；[语]呼格的
  vocative case 呼格

19. vouch
  v.保证，担保；证明 *vouc<voc(=call，voice)
  vouch for him /for his ability to pay，for the truth of his story 为他担保/证明他有支付能力，证明他所说的是事实

20. voucher
  n.收据，凭单；代金券 *vouc<voc(=call．voice)
  luncheon voucher（作为工责的一部分发给雇员供在餐馆使用的）就餐券
  meal voucher 餐券
  gift voucher 礼券
  hotel vouchers 住宿券

21. vow
  n.誓言，誓约以发誓，鼗誓 *vow<voc(=call,voice)
  marriage vows 婚誓
  break a vow 违背誓言

22. vowel
  n.元音 *vow<voc(=call,voice)

23. vox
  n.嗓音；声音；言醉 *vox<voc(=call,voice)
  Vox Populi Vox Dei 民之声，人之声

24. vociferate
  v. 大声喊叫；吼叫（使声音能传送至远处）fer(=to carry)
  vociferous adj. 大声喊叫；喧哗的；嘈杂的

25. equivocal [equi相等的，一样的，两可的，voc声，言语，-al形容词后缀，…的]
  adj.(语言)模棱两可的，双关的，含糊的，多义的
  equivocallity n. [见上，-ity名词后缀] (语言的)含糊，两可，多义性
  equivoke n. [见上] 模棱两可的话，双关语，两义语

26. multivocal
  adj. 多义的;暧昧的;喧哗的（许多声音前缀multi-的意思是many）

词根：ject, jac(jet) = to throw（投掷, 扔）

  这二个词根都来源拉丁语 jacere 投掷，它们属于一对同源异形根，词根jac是此词的不定式词干，在英语中的派生词较少；词根ject是此词的动名词词干，有较强的孳生能力；jet是他们的变形，同义词根还有来源于希腊语的bol(bl,bal)和来源于拉丁语的lanc/launc,sip等。

同源词：

1. abject [扔掉使脱离某物的ab(=from)+ject(=throw)]
   adj.悲惨的；糟透的；卑劣的；自卑的
  abjection n. 落魄；屈辱；羞辱
  abjectly adv. 悲惨地；卑劣地
  The prisoner of war was kept in abject circumstances. 战俘被关押在恶劣的环境中。

2. adjacent [扔得很近的ad(=to,near) +jac(=throw)]
  adj. 邻近的；相邻的
  adjacency n. 邻近
  The chicken restaurant is adjacent to the dry cleaners. 那家鸡肉馆挨着干洗店。

3. conjecture [带着某物扔con<com(=with)+ject(=throw)，共同投掷 → 将两者并列加以推量比较]
  n. 猜测，推测; 臆测 v. 猜测，推测
  conjectural adj.猜测的，推测的
  Without any scientific data, the best he could do was conjecture . 由于没有任何科学资料，他至多只能推测。

3. eject [向外扔e<ex(=out) +ject(=throw),向外扔出去]
  vt. 逐出，驱逐；喷射（液体等），吐出
  ejection n. 逐出；排出
  ejector n. 驱逐者；喷射嚣
  After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is ejected from the game. 篮球选手犯规五次就要被罚下赛场。

4. adjective
  n.形容词 *ad(=add,near)

5. deject
  n. 使灰心 *de(=down)
  dejected adj. 灰心的，气馁的  *

6. dejection [de-后缀表示离开，ject(=throw), -tion 名词后缀,→心被扔出去了 → 心从我的身上离开了 → 一下子没有了信心]
  n. 灰心

7. ejaculate [*e<ex(=out)出，离开，jac <ject(=throw),-ate(ulate可以看作-ate护展后缀)动词后缀]
  v．突然说出（或喊出）；射出（液体）
  elaculatlon n.突然的喊出或说出；射出

8. inject [in(=into)入，进入，里面，ject(=throw)扔，→ 把东西扔进 → 把液体扔进身体里→]
  v.注射（液体、药等）；注入
  inject penicillin into the blood-stream 往血液里注射青霉素
  inject new life into the committee 给委员会注入新的活力

9. injection [见上，-tion名词后缀]
  n. 注射；注入
  five  injections of glucose 五支葡萄糖的注射
  an injection in the left buttock 在左边臀部的注射
  fuel injeciion 燃料的注入

9. interject [*inter(=between)在...之间,ject 扔 → 某某在交流时把话扔向他们打断他们的交流 →]
  n.突然插话

10. jettison
  v. 投弁（指紧急情况时为减轻船的负载把货物抛弃）；抛弃
  Jettison an unpleasant passenger 丢下令人不快的乘客

11. jetty
  n.防波堤；码头

12. objective
  adj.客观的 n.目的 *ob(=to,toward)
  objectively adv. 客观地

13. object
  n.物体；目标；目的（被掷于眼前的东西）ob(=berfore)

14. object
  v.反对；拒绝（投向反对者）
  objection n. 反对；异议
  objective n. 目标；实体 adj. 实在的；客观的；目标的
  objectivity n. 客观性

15. project
  v.计划；设计；投影；突出
  n.计划；提案；事业（投掷到前方）《pro- = forward》

16. projectile
  n.抛射物；发射体 adj. 投射的；发射的
  projector n.发起人；设计师；放映师；放映机

17. reject
  v.拒绝；驳回；舍弃（投掷回来）《re- = back》
  rejection n. 拒绝；排泄物

18. subject
  v. 使服从；使蒙受；使罹患
  adj. 从属的；受支配的；容易罹患...的
  n.国民；主词；主题；科目（投身于...之下）《sub- = under》
  subjection n. 隶属；从属；服从
  subjective adj. 主观的；主格的 n.主格

19. trajectory
  n.弹道；抛物线（由一端把投到另一端的线路）《tra- = trans- = across》

20. subjacent
  adj.低下的；下层的（被投往下面）《sub- = under》

词根：sat(set) = enough 满

  来源于拉丁语 satur/satis/satiare 意为 enough,元音弱化后变成set。

同源词：

1. asset （在近处充分拥有 as<ad(=to,near) + set<sat(=enough)）
  n.（pl.）资产，财产；宝贵的人（或物）
  Harold has been a real asset to his company. 哈罗德一直是他们公司的骨干。

2. insatiable（不充分的in(=not) + sat(=enough)）
  adj.不知足的；贪得无厌的
  The addictive personality invariably has insatiable appetites. 上瘾的人都有贪得无厌的欲望。

3. satiate（使充分 sat (=enough)）
  vt. 使饱足；（因为太多而）使厌腻
  satiable adj.可满足的
  Just a salad and crackers tend to satiate me. I'm a light eater. 我要一份沙拉和饼干就够了，我的胃口不大。

4. insatiate
  adj.不知足的 *in(=not)

5. satisfaction
  n.满足；乐事；赔偿 *fact(=make)

6. satisfactory
  adj. 令人满意的 *fact(=make)
  satisfactorily adv.令人满意地

7. satisfy
  v.使满意，使满足；使确信
  satisfying adj.令人满意的

8. saturate
  v.浸透；（被湿气或潮湿的东西）浸湿；使饱享；充满；饱和
  saturated with sunshine 心情享受阳光的
  saturated with learning 专心于学问的
  saturated solution of salt 饱和盐溶液

9. saturation
  n.浸透；饱和（状态）
  saturation bombing [军]饱和轰炸
  saturation point 饱和点

词根：pris, prehend, prehens(pren, pregn, priev) = to take, to seize

  拉丁词根prehend来源于拉丁语的动词prehendere意为to seize，prehens是动名词词干，而pris则是prehens 在法语中的变体。prehend,prehens的变形有pren,pregn,priev，同义词根有来自拉丁语的cap/capt/cept/ceiv(cip,cup,ceit) ,empt/em,rap/rav,sum/sumpt,lab/lep等。

  （pris,prehend 来源于拉丁文prendere,prehendere 意为to take,to seize。predere是prehendere的简型。 —— 刘毅英文根字典）

同源词：

1. comprise（一起抓 com(=together) + pris(=take)）
  vt.由...组成；包含，包括
  The american Union comprises fifty states. 美联邦由50个州组成。

2. apprise（把某物带给某人ap<ad(=to) + pris(=take)）
  vt. sb + of + sth 告知
  The army apprised the woman of her husband's death in military action. 部队告知那个女子她的丈夫在战斗中牺牲了。

3. enterprising（在期间夺取，占据的enter<inter(=between) + pris(=take)）
  adj.有事业心的；进取的；有冒险精神的
  enterprise n.事业；企业；进取精神，冒险精神
  Her enterprising nature gives her a high probability for success as a CEO. 她积极进取的性格使她很有可能成为一名成功的首席执行官。

4. reprisal（困报答、回报而抓住re(=back) + pris(=take)）
  n.报仇，报复
  She didn't reprot her husband's abouse for of reprisals. 她因为害怕遭到报复而没有揭发丈夫的虐待行为。

5. imprison (*im<in(=into)进入+prison监狱→v.监禁)
  v.囚禁，关押

6. imprisonment （“imprison”的派生）
  n.关押，囚禁
  one year's imprisonment 一年监禁

7. prison (pris拿住,抓住+on表名词→抓人之地)
  n.监狱，牢狱；拘留所；监禁，囚禁，关押
  prison breaking 越狱
  be released from prison 被从监狱释放

8. prisoner
  n.囚犯，犯人；俘虏
  prisoner of conscience 政治犯；宗教犯
  prisoner of war 战俘（缩写：P.O.W.）
 
9. surprise (sur在……上面+prise拿住,抓住→在上面突然被抓住→吃惊)
  n.惊奇；惊人之事，意外之事；突袭，奇袭 v.使惊奇；突袭
  adj.令人惊讶的，感到意外的 *sur(=above,over)
  surprise party 惊喜聚会（秘密策划的庆祝活动）
  be taken by surprise 遇到突袭
  surprise attack / visit 突然袭击/突访

10. surprising (surprise诧异,惊异+ing状态→adj.令人惊讶的)
  adj.令人惊讶的，意外的 *sur(=above,over)
  surprisingly adv.惊讶地，意外地

11. prize
  n.奖品；战利品（从敌方取得的物品，竞赛所获之物）(priz价值,估价+e→估价→珍视→奖赏, 奖金)

  v.掳获得（以下的意思从price“价格而来的）adj.值得给奖的(priz价值,估价+e→估价→珍视→奖赏, 奖金)

  v.珍视；估价(priz价值,估价+e→估价→珍视→奖赏, 奖金)

12. prehensile
  adj.适于抓握的；有理解力的（能抓住的）《-ile 形容词字尾》

13. prehension
  n.捕捉；领会；理解

14. apprehend
  v.逮捕；理解；忧惧 （捕捉）《ap- = ad- = to》
  apprehendsion n.逮捕；理解力；忧惧
  aprehendsive adj.忧郁的；敏悟的；有知觉的

15. apprentice
  n.学徒
  v.使为学徒（捉来做徒弟）

16. apprenticeship
  n.学徒的身份；学徒的期限《-ship 表示性质、状态的抽象名词字尾》

17. comprehend (com全部+prehend抓住→全部抓住→理解)
  v.了解；领悟；包含（捉住~）《com- = with》
  comprehensible adj.能理解的
  comprehension n.理解（力）；包括
  comprehensive adj.广博的；有理解力的

18. misapprehend (mis不+apprehend领会理解→v.误会,误解)
  v.误解《mis- = wrong》
  misapprehension n.误解

19. reprehend (re反+prehend抓住→反过来抓住[别人的缺点])
  v.谴责,责难;申斥（逮捕带回）
  reprehensible adj.应受谴责的；应受责难的
  reprehension n.非难；谴责

词根：cent, cant(chant, chans) = to sing, song 歌唱

  源于拉丁语 canere 或希腊语动词 cante 唱歌，属于一对同源异形词根。当 -cant- 单独作为一个单词时，却是“黑话 / 切口”的含义； 意为to sing,song,元音弱化变成chant,chans。

同源词：

1. accentuate（用非常大的声音歌唱 ac<ad(=to,intensive) + cent (=sing)）
  vt.重读；强调；使突出
  accent n.重音；（v.）加重音符号
  accentuation n.重读；强调
  Your earrings accentuate the deep blue of your eyes. 你的耳环更加突出了你深蓝色的眼睛。

2. enchant（在里边歌唱 en(=in) + chant<cant(=sing)）
  vt. 使陶醉；使恍惚；对...施魔法
  enchantment n.着迷；着魔
  enchanter n.魔法师；使人着迷人
  enchantress n.女巫；迷人的女人
  enchanting adj.令人着迷的
  enchanted adj.入迷的，着魔的
  enchantingly adv.入迷地
  Fairy tales with trolls always enchant my children. 出现侏儒或巨人的童话总是能让我们的孩子们很着迷。

3. recant（向后、使消失地唱歌re(=back,away) + cant(=sing)）
  v.撤回；放弃
  recantation n.撤回；放弃
  After sessions with a deprogrammer,Iris recanted her allegiance to the cult.和说服她放弃被灌输的思想的人见了几次面之后，艾里斯放弃了对异教的效忠。

4. chanson
  n.<法>歌曲 *chans<cant(=sing)

5. chant
  n.歌曲；颂歌；吟唱 v.唱（歌曲、颂歌）；吟唱 *chant<cant(=sing)

6. descant
  n.高音部（歌唱或演奏中高于主旋律的装饰性曲调或对位音）；详述
  v.详谈，详述 *des<dis(=away,apart)

7. incantation
  n.咒语；魔法 *in(=in)

8. precentor
  n.（教堂圣歌的）领唱人 *pre(=before)

9. concert（con- 共同 / 一起 / 全部,为歌唱人员举办的晚会，即音乐会 / 演奏会 / 一致 / 和谐）
  n.演奏会,一致 ,和谐

10. concerto （见上，-o (n.) 表乐器）
  n. 协奏曲

11. cantor （-or 表示人）
  n. 歌咏班领唱者

词根：spers(spars) = to sprinke, to strew, to scatter 散, 撒

  来源于拉丁语的词根spargere 意为 to sprinkle,to strew。spars 是其变形。

同源词：

1. aspersion（向某人散播 a<ad(=to) + spers (=strew) ）
  n.洒圣水；诽谤，中伤
  asperse v.洒圣水；诽谤，中伤
  The movie star's autobiography cast aspersions on every director she'd worked with. 那个电影演员在自传里诽谤了所有与她合作过的导演。

2. disperse（分别散播 di<dis(=away,apart) + spers(=strew)）
  vt.驱散，使散开
  dispersal n.散布，分散；解散
  dispersion n.散布；分散
  The crowd of protesters dispersed when the police arrived. 警察一到，示威者们就散开了。

3. sparse（spars 散，-e 后缀；散-->散开-->稀疏）
  adj.稀少的，稀疏的 *spars<spers(=strew)）
  sparsity n.（见上，-ity 名词后缀）稀少，稀疏
  sparse population 稀少的人口
  sparse beard 稀疏的胡须

4. intersperse（在...中间，spers 散；“撒在中间”）
  v.散布，散置，点缀
  interspersion n.（见上，-ion 名词后缀）散布，散置，点缀

词根：junct, join(jug) = to join, to bind （连接）

  来源于拉丁语 jungere 连接，为它的动名词形式 junctum；意为to join,to bind。jug 是它们的变形。-join- 为 -junct- 的 变 体，一般构成动词，有异形同义词根：-nect- / -ser- / -sert- 连接此外，还有意为to bind,to tie 的来源于拉丁语的lig(li,leag,ly),cinct,nect/nex,strict/string/stress 和来自盎格-鲁撒克逊语的bond,含义相似。

同源词：

1. adjunct（另外再捆绑 ad(=to ,add) + junct(=join,bind)）
  n.附属物；助手，副手
  adj.附加的，辅助的
  A direct mail promotion will be an adjunct to our print advertising campaign. 以印刷广告活动为主，直接邮寄产品促销是辅助手段。

2. enjoin（用力捆绑 en(=intensive) + join(=join,bind)）
  vt.命令；吩咐；禁止
  The store was enjoined from selling the inflammable children's clothing. 那家商店被禁止出售易燃性儿童服装。

3. subjugate（在下面捆 sub(=under) + jug(=bind,join)）
  vt.使服从，征服；使从属；使屈从
  subjugation n.征服；从属
  Rapists subjugate women not only physically but also emotionally. 强奸犯不仅从身体上而且从精神上使女性屈从。

4. conjunction
  n.结合，连接；[语]连接词 *con<com(=together)
  in conjunction with 与...协力
  a coordinate/subordinate conjunction 并列连词/从属连词
  an unusual conjunction of circumstances 各种情况的奇特巧合

5. conjunctive
  adj.结合的；连接的；[语]连接词的 *con<com(=together)
  conjunctive n.结膜
  conjunctivitis n.结膜炎
  conjunctive word 连接词

6. conjuncture
  n.（事件的）共同发生；紧要关头 *con<com(=together)

7. disjunctive
  adj.[语]转折的 n.[语]转折连词 *dis(=away,apart)

8. junction
  n.连接，接合，汇合；（道路、铁道等的）会合处，交叉点；（铁路的）联轨站；（电路的）接点，中继
  effect a junction with the allies 与联合军汇合
  effect a junction with the Kyung-Bu Railway Line 与京釜线汇合
  junction circuit 中继电路

9. juncture
  n.形势，情况，事态；危急关头；联合，接合；汇合
  at this juncture 在这个当口，在这个节骨眼上

10. junta
  n.（西班牙、意大利等的）政务（审议）会；（通过军事政变掌握政权的）军人集团 *junt<junct(=join)

11. junto
  n.秘密政治集团；派系 *junt<junct(=join)

12. subjunctive
  adj.[语]虚拟的 n.[语]虚拟语气，虚拟式 *sub(=under)
  subjunctive mood 虚拟语气

13. adjoin
  v.贴近，毗邻 *ad(=near)
  adjoining adj.贴近的，毗邻的

14. conjoin
  v.结合；联合 *con<com(=together)

15. conjoint
  adj.共同的；联合的 *con<com(=together)

16. disjoint
  v.（使）脱节，（使）脱臼；拆开；解体 *dis(=away,apart)

17. disjointed
  adj.脱臼的；（谈话、文章等）无条理的 *dis(=away,apart)

18. joint
  n.接点，接线，接合处；关节；（下等的）小酒馆；大块肉；含有大麻的香烟
  adj.共同的，共有的；合作的 v.（用接缝方式）连接；从关节处切开
  jointly adv.联合地，共同地
  finger joints 手指关节
  out of joint 脱臼
  joint efforts 共同努力
  joint communique 联合公报
  joint resolution <美>（国会两院的）共同决议
  joint session （议会、国会两院的）联席会议
  joint venture 合作投资
  clip joint 索价特别高昂的商店（或夜总会、酒吧等）

19. jointure
  n.（结婚时指定的）寡妇授予产

20. subjoin
  v.附加 *sub(=under)
  subjoin a postscript to a letter 在信件上加附言

21. conjugal
  adj.结婚的 *con<com(=together)
  conjugally adv.结婚地
  conjugality n.婚姻；夫妇生活
  conjugal happiness 婚姻生活的幸福
  conjugal affection 夫妻之间的恩爱

22. conjugate
  v.[语]列举动词的词形变化；使结合 con<com(=together)
  conjugation n.词形变化；结合

词根：jud, jur, jus(t) = to judge（判断）

  词根jud 来源拉丁语 judicare/judex 意为to judge。judg- / -judic- 为 -jud- 的变体。
 

同源词：

1. adjudicate（对某物进行判断ad(=to) + jud(=judge)）
  v.判决；宣告
  My mother always adjudicates the fights i have with my sister. 每当我和我妹妹打架时，总是由妈妈来裁决。

2. judicious（具有判断力的jud(=judge)）
  adj.有判断力的；明智的
  The judicious use of antibiotics can prevent severe staphylococcus infections.明智地使用抗生素可以预防葡萄糖球菌的严重感染。

3. judge（ju=jus 法律，dg = dic 说，-e 后缀；解说法律的人 -->）
  n.裁判员；鉴定人，鉴赏家 v.判决，裁判；判断
  judgement(=judgment) n.看法，意见，评价；判断，判断力；审判，判决
  judge advocate 军法官；军事检察官
  the Day of Judgment （上帝的）最后审判日
  error of judgment 决断错误
  a man of judgment 有判断力的人，有辨别力的人
  in my judgment 以我之见
  judgment seat 法官席；法庭

4. judicature
  n.司法；[总称]法官
  the Supreme Court of Judicature <英>最高法院

5. judicial
  adj.司法的；法庭的；法官的；审判的
  the judicial bench 法官们
  judicial separation 法定分居
  judicial murder 合法但不公正的死刑判决
  judicial power(s) 司法权
  judicial precedent 司法判例
  judicial review <美>司法审查（权）

6. judiciary
  n.司法部；（国家的）司法系统；[总称]法官
  the judiciary 司法部 cf. the executive 行政部门
  the legislature 立法机关

7. extrajudicial
  adj.司法程序以外的；（正常）法律以外的 * extra（=outside）

8. injudicious
  adj.缺乏判断力的，不明智的 *in(=not)
  injudicious remarks 不明智的话

9. prejudge
  v.过早判断，预先判断；[律]不审而判 *pre(=before)
  prejudgment n.不审而判

10. prejudice（pre 预先，ju = jus 法律，dic 说，judic 解说法律 --> 判定、断定，-e 后缀；预先判定 -->）
  n.偏见；[律]侵害，损害
  v.使抱偏见；使怀成见；损害 *pre(=before)
  prejudiced adj.抱有成见的，有偏见的
  prejudicial adj.引起偏见的；有害的，不利的
  racial prejudice 种族偏见
  without prejudice 对合法权力无损害
  prejudiced opinion 偏见

11. unprejudiced
  adj.无偏见的；公平的 *un(=not),pre(=before)

12. just（just 公正 -->正-->正好-->）
  adv. 刚才； 仅仅，只是； 正好； 刚要
  adj. 公正的，合理的； 恰当的； 合法的； 正确的
  justice n.（just 公正，-ice 名词后缀）正义，公正；司法，法律制裁

13. justify（just 公正，ify 动词后缀，使成为）
  vt. 证明…有理； 为…辩护； 对…作出解释
  vi. 整理版面； 证明合法

14. jury （jur 法律，公正， -y 后缀；发誓一定公正给予真实回答的一组人-->）
  n.陪审团；（竞赛或展览的）评判委员会

15. injury（in- 不，jur 公正，-e 后缀；不公正而-->）
  n. 伤害，损害;受伤处

16. injure（in- 不，jur 公正，不公正而-->）
  vt.伤害，损害，损伤

词根：col(cul) = neck（脖子）

  词根col 来自拉丁语的col 意为neck。另外，col 还有to filter,large intestine,to fill,glue 等含义。cul 是它的变形。

同源词：

1. accolade（挂丰脖子附近ac<ad(=to ,near) + col(=neck)）
  n.称赞；赞赏；(the ～) 骑士爵位的授予典礼
  The poet received a prestigious accolade from the Literary Society. 那位诗人得了文学协会的极高赞誉。

2. collar
  n.领子；（狗、马等的）项圈；（连接两个管子、连杆别车轴等的）箍 *col(=neck)
  blue/white collar workers 蓝领/白领工作者
  collar stud 领扣
  collar bone 锁骨

3. decollation
  n.断头 *de(=down) ,col(=neck)

4. décolleté
  adj. <法>（衣服）低颈露肩的 *de(=down,away),col(=neck)

5. percolate
  v.过滤；（使）渗出；（使）浸透 *per(=through),col(=filter)
  percolator n.（带有过滤器的）过滤式咖啡壶
  Water percolates through sand.水从沙子里渗出来。
  I make coffee by percolating boiling water through ground coffee. 我用沸水滤过咖啡粉的方法煮咖啡。

6. colander
  n.过滤器，（厨房用）滤水器（碗态、有孔，用来过滤或淘洗食物）*col(=filter)
  cullender(=colander)

7. culvert
  n.阴沟；地下电缆管道 *cul<col(=filter)

8. colon
  n.结肠 *col(=large intestine)
  colon cleanse 肠清洗剂

9. colic
  n.（无腹泻的剧烈的）腹痛 *col(=large intestine)

10. colitis
  n.大肠炎 *col(=large intestine),itis(=inflammation)

11. colony
  n.殖民地；侨民；群体；[生]群落 *col(=till)
  colonist n.殖民地开拓者
  the South Korean colony in New York 纽约的韩国侨民
  a colony of artists 一群美术家
  a colony of ants 一群蚂蚁

12. colonial
  adj.殖民地的 n.殖民地居民（尤其指开拓者的子孙）*col(=till)
  colonialism n.殖民政策；殖民主义
  colonialist n.殖民主义者；殖民政策的支持者
 
13. colonize
  v.开拓殖民地 *col(=till)
  colonization n.殖民
  colonizer n.殖民地开拓者

14. neocolonialism
  n.新殖民主义 *neo(=new),col(=till)

15. cultivate
  v.耕种（土地），耕作；栽培；培养 *cul<col(=till)
  cultivated adj.有教养的

16. cultivation
  n.耕作；栽培；培养；修养 *cul<col(=till)
  cultivator n.耕作者，耕耘者，栽培者
  cultivation of the soil 耕种土地

17. culture
  n.文化；教养；修养；栽培；（医学、科学研究用的微生物）培养
  v. 培养（细菌等）；栽培，耕作  *cul<col(=till)
  cultured adj.（人）有教养的，有修养的；（兴趣、爱好等）高雅的
  cultural adj.文化的；教养的
  a man of culture 有修养的人
  culture of the mind 心性修养
  culture of cotton 棉花栽培
  silk culture 养蚕
  culture of cholera germs 霍乱菌的培养
  cultured pearl 养殖珍珠

18. collage
  n.拼贴画（用纸、布、照片、金属等的小片粘贴拼合而成）*col(=glue)

19. protocol
  n.（条约等的）草案；议定书；（外交）礼节 *proto(=first),col(=glue)

词根：pon, pound, pos(it) = to put（放置）

  我们知道来自法文的词根pos也表示“放；置”的意思，有的词根字典书籍上把这pos和pon放在一起了，有的则把这二个分开，例如刘毅词典就把他们分开了，我们这里也把这二个词根分开，以便更好的理解他们的区别与联系。

  词根pon来源于拉丁语 ponere 放 ，词根pos(it)是pon的变体,它们属于一对结合力非常强的同源异形根，pon是ponere的不定式词干，pos(it)是ponere的动名词词干，这族同根词不下百个。-posit- / -pound- 分别为 -pos- / -pon-

的变体；它相应的希腊语词根为：-the- 放，例如：thesaurosis 贮积病。

同源词：

1. proponent（向前放、提出pro(=forward,forth) + pon(=put)）
  n.提议者，发起者
  I've always been a proponent of gun control. 我一直都提倡管制枪支。

2. expound（放在外边、彻底说明 ex(=out,intensive) + pound(=put)）
  vt.详细说明 vi.on + sth 详细说明
  He loves to expound on any topic;he's such a blowhard. 他对每个话题都爱长篇大论，他真是个吹牛的专家。

3. component
  adj.组成的，构成（成品）的 n.成分，构成要素 （被放在一起） *com(=together)
  component parts 组成部分，零件
  the components  of a camera lens 照相机镜头的各组成部分

4. deponent
  n.[律]证人 *de(=down)

5. exponent
  n.说明者，解释者；（思想等的）拥护者；代表者；[数]指数 *ex(=out)
  exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文进化论的解说者（指赫克斯利）

6. opponent
  n.（比赛、争论等的）对手，对方；对抗者，反对者（置身于反对的立场） *op<ob(=against)

7. compound
  v. 合成，混合；妥协；加重；[经]以复利计算（利息）adj.复合的，混合的,合成的 n.混合物，合成物 （放在一起）*com(=together)
  compound sentence 复合句
  compound interest 得利
  compound fracture 有创骨折

8. impound
  v.扣押（证物等），没收，将（牲畜等）关在圈中 *im<in(=into)
  impoundment n.扣押；没收

9. propound
  n.提议 *pro(=forth)

10. postpone
  v. 延期，推迟 *post(=after)
  postponement n.延期

词根：onym(onom) = name（名字）

  来源于希腊语的onym 意为name,word。onom 是其变形。

（来源于拉丁文onoma(=name) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. anonymous（没有姓名的an (=not,without) + onym(=name,word)）
  adj.作者未详的；匿名的，不具名的
  anonymity n.匿名；作者不详
  anonym n.匿名者，假名（没有姓名的）
  The funds for the new library were given by an anonymous donor. 新图书馆的建设资金是一位匿名捐助者赞助的。

2. autonym
  n.真名；本名（自己的名字）aut(=auto- =self) cf.pseudonym（假名；笔名）

3. cryptonym
  n.化名；假名；秘密的名字（隐藏的姓名）《crypt = hidden》

4. pseudonym
  n.假名；（著者的）雅号，笔名 *pseud<pseudo(=false),onym(=name)

5. antonym
  n.反义词 *ant<anti(=against,opposite),onym(=word)

6. synonym
  n.同义词 （相同名称的）*syn(=alike,together),onym(=word)

7. synonymous
  n.同义词的，同义的 *syn(=alike,together),onym(=word)

8. homonym
  n.同音异义词 ；同名异人 （名称相同，但内容不一样）*hom<homo(=same),onym(=word)

9. heteronym
  n.同形异音异义词 *heter<hetero(=other),onym(=word)

10. metonymy
  n.[语]转喻（如用crown 代替king）*met<meta(=change),onym(=word)

11. acronym
  n.首字母缩略词；头字语（由数个字开头字母组成之字） *acr<acro(=high),onym(word)

12. onomatopoeia
  n.[语]拟声词；声喻法 （用声音表达名种）*onom<onym(=word),poeia(=make)

13. matronymic
  adj.出自母亲或女性祖先之名的；母姓的（=metronymic）
  n.换喻（如：将king 改称为the crown）（改变称谓）《met- = meta- = change》

14. patronym
  n.同源字（在旁边的另一名称）《par- = para- =beside》
  patronymic adj.取自父（祖）名的 ; n.取自父（祖）名之名字《patr = father》

词根：dot, don(dow, dos), dat(dit) = to give（给）

  词根来源于拉丁语的donare，donum 意为to give。dow,dos 是其变形。此外，与此相似的还有dat及其变形dit。

同源词：

1. anecdote（不向外给予an(=not) + ec<ex(=out) + dot(=give)）
  n.轶事，奇闻；（pl.）秘史
  Many public speakers begin their address with an amusing anecdote. 许多演说家都是以趣闻轶事开始演说的。

2. condone（完全给予 con<com(=intensive,completely) + don(=give)）
  vt.原谅，宽恕；不咎（过错）
  condonation n.宽恕；不咎（过错）
  In some countries,spousal physical abuse is condoned. 有些国家容许对配偶身体的虐待行为。

3. endow（向里边给予 en(=in) + dow<don(=give)）
  vt.sb + with + sth （向医院、学校等）捐赠；（天生）赋有（某种资质）
  endowment n.捐赠，捐助（款）；（pl.）天赋，天资
  The business tycoon endowed a professorship in the university's business school. 那位商业大亨向该大学商学院捐赠了教授基金。

4. render （还给 ren<re(=back) + der<der(=give)）
  vt.使...成为；以...回报；提出，提供，交付；演出，演奏；翻译；表达，描写
  rendition n.翻译；演出，演奏
  rendering n.翻译；演出，演奏
  A tranquilizer dart rendered the lion harmless. 狮子中了麻醉针剂后就不会伤人了。

5. antidote
  n.解毒剂；矫正方法 *anti(=against)

6. donate
  v.捐赠

7. donation
  n.捐献，捐赠，赠与；捐款；捐赠品
  donations to the Red Cross 给红十字会的捐款

8. donor
  n.捐赠者
  blood donor 献血者

9. pardon
  v./n.原谅，宽恕；赦免 *par<per(=completely)（完全给予）

10. dowager
  n.受有亡夫爵位（或遗产）的寡妇；老年贵妇人
  dowager duchess 公爵遗孀
  queen dowager 国王遗孀
  Empress Dowager Shih （中国清朝的）西太后

11. dower
  n.（寡妇应当分得的）亡夫遗产；嫁妆；天赋，天资
  v.给...亡夫遗产；赋予（才能等）

12. dowry
  n.嫁妆；天才

13. dose
  n.（药物等的）（一次）剂量一服；<口>（尤其指苦事的）一次，一番;<俚>花柳病 v.（按剂量）给...服药 （给予药品）
  six doses 服用六次的药量
  give him a dose 给他服一剂药

14. dosage
  n.（药的）剂量；（按剂量的）给药

15. antedate
  v.倒填（在信件、文件等的）日期；（时间上）先发生 *ante(=before)

16. postdate
  v.（在信件、文件等上）写上比实际日期晚的日期；（时间上）后于 *post(=after)

17. predate
  v.(=antedate) *pre(=before)

18. data
  n.资料，材料；数据
  data bank 数据库
  data processing 数据处理

19. date
  n.日期；（尤其指与异性的）约会；时代，年代；约会对象；海枣；枣椰树
  v.在...上注明日期；源自；（～ from/back to ）追溯至...；与...约会
  dated adj.过时的
  datable adj.可确定年代的
  dataless adj.无期限的；古老得无法确定日期的
  date line 国际日期变更线
  blind date 不相识的男女初次会面
  The castle dates back to the 14th century. 那座城堡早在14世纪就建成了。

20. dative
  adj.[语]与格的 n.与格

21. edit
  v.编辑 *e<ex(=out)

22. edition
  n.版本 *e<ex(=out)
  cheap edition 廉价版
  pocket edition 袖珍本
  first edition 初版
  revised edition 修订版
  popular edition 普及版
  deluxe edition 精装版

23. editor
  n.（书、报纸、期刊、广播节目等的）编辑；（报刊的）主编；（报纸专栏）主笔 *e<ex(=out)
  chief editor/editor-in-chief 总编辑，主编
  city editor 本地新闻主编
  financial editor 财经编辑
  managing editor 总编辑

词根：mne, mnes, mem(or) = to remember （记住的）

  词根mne,mnes,mem(or) 来自希腊语的mne,mnes 意为to remember。此外，来自拉丁语的mem(or)也有相似的含义。

  [探源]①来源于拉丁语 memor/memorare 留意的 / 使记住；②来源基础词 memory记忆 / 记忆力，为它的变体，含义为它的引申义，分解为：-memor- 记住的 + -y (n.) 名词后缀，记忆力的好坏决定你能记住多少东西，即记忆 / 记忆力。
  [引申]回忆 / 记忆 / 留心的 / 留意的 / 注意的
  [属性]母义：-memor- = remember/ mindful 回忆 / 记住的
  [其他]① -menber- 为 -memor- 的变体；②它相应的希腊语词根为：-mnemo- 记忆，如：amnesia 健忘 / 遗忘症、mnemonic 记忆存储器；②营养的缺乏限制了他记忆力的提高：-mne(mon)- 记住，来源于希腊语 mnasthai，如：amnesic 遗忘的 / 失去记忆的、amnesty 大赦 / 特赦

同源词：

1. amnesty（不记得犯过什么罪 a<an(=not,without) + mne(=remember)）
  n.特赦，大赦
  Vietnam War draft dodgers were granted an amnesty by President Carter. 卡特总统赦免了越南战争期间逃避兵役的人。

2. amnesia
  n.遗忘（症），记忆缺失 *a<an(=without,not)

3. mnemonic
  adj. 有助于记忆的

4. mnemonics
  n.忘记术

5. commemorate
  v.纪念（人、事件）；（物品等）成为...的纪念 *com(=with,together)
  monument to commemorate the victory 纪念胜利的纪念碑

6. commemoration
  n.纪念；纪念仪式 *com(=with,together)
  in commemoration of 纪念..

7. commemorative
  adj.纪念 *com(=with,together)
  commemorative stamps/medals 纪念邮票/纪念奖章

8. memento
  n.纪念物，引起回忆的东西

9. memo
  n.（memorandum 的简略形式）备忘录，便筏
  v.记录，向...提交备忘录

10. memoir
  n.传记，传略；（pl.）自传，回忆录
  war memoirs 战争回忆

11. memorable
  adj.值得怀念的

12. memorandum
  n.备忘录，便筏；外交备忘录；[商]代销委托书；[律]交易备忘录《memor(to remember) + -and = -end(to be done) + -um（名词后缀）》

13. memorial
  n.纪念碑；纪念馆；纪念物；（pl.）（历史的）记录；编年史 adj.纪念的；追悼的
  memorialize v.纪念；向...请愿
  Lincoln Memorial 林肯纪念馆
  memorial to the dead 纪念死者的纪念碑
  war memorial 战争纪念碑
  Memorial Day <韩>显忠日；<美>阵亡将士纪念日
  memorial  park 陵园
  memorial tablet （为追悼死者而挂在教会墙上的）纪念匾
  memorial service 追悼仪式

14. memorize （-ize (v.) 动词后缀，表示使（使之永远能够回忆起，即记住 / 熟记））
  v.背诵，记忆

15. memory
  n.记忆，记忆力；回忆，回想
  have a good /bad (poor) memory 记忆力好/坏
  memories of childhood 童年的回忆
  memory bank 存储体，数据总库

16. remember
  v.回忆;记住;记得；问候；馈赠（回想起来）《re- = back》

17. rememberance
  n.记忆；记忆（力）；纪念（物）；（pl.）问候

18. rememberable（re- (=back) 回、-able (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”（形容可被回忆起来的，即可记住的 / 可记得的））
  adj. 可记住的 , 可记得的

19. memorialize
v. 纪念（-ial (a./ n.)、-ize (v.) 动词后缀，表示使（回忆她是为了纪念她，即纪念））

词根：ple(t), plet, pli, ply, plen(i) = to fill, full 装满（的）

  词根ple来自拉丁动词plere 的不定式词干，plet是它的过去分词pletum 的词干，意为to fill（充满）；plen 是同源的拉丁形容词plenus 的词干部分，意为full（充满的），因为同源近义，把以把它们放在一起。此外，意为 to fold的plic,ply,pli,plex,plo 等与这些词根形态相似，注意不要混淆。

同源词：

1. compliant （完全满足对方的心情的 com (= thoroughly) + pli(=fill)）
  adj.服从的，顺从的
  compliance/compliancy n.顺从
  comply v.依从，顺从 （满足对方的要求）
  She has quite a compliant personality. 她的个性很温顺。

2. complement（完全添满 com(=intensive) + ple(=fill)）
  n.补充（物）；[语]补语
  vt. 补充，补足
  complementary adj. 补充的
  The belief that white wine invariably complements seafood is outdated. 认为吃海鲜总是要配上白葡萄酒的想法已经过时了。

3. implement（把...里面填满 im<in(=in) + ple(=fill)）
  n. 工具；手段
  vt. 履行（协定、约定等）；实行
  implementation n.履行；实行
  The plan will be implemented in stages,starting next week. 此计划下周开始分段实行。

4. supplement（在下面填满sup<sub(=under) + ple(=fill)）
  vt. sth + with +sth 补充
  n. 补充，增补；补充物；附录；增刊
  supplementary adj.补充的，追加的
  Most breakfast cereals contain a host of witamin and mineral supplements. 大部分的早餐谷物食品中都含有大量的维生素和矿物质添加剂。

5. deplete （对“装满”的轻微否定 de(=reverse) + plet(=fill)）
  vt. 用尽；使枯竭
  depletion n.消耗；枯竭
  Some cancer medications severely deplete calcium in bones. 一些治疗癌症的药物会使骨骼中的钙的含量迅速减少。

6. replete（完全填满的re(=intensive) + plet(=fill)）
  adj. 充满的；充实的；饱食的
  repletion n.充满；饱食
  The shelter gave the men a Christmas dinner replete with all the trimmings. 那个避难所用各种食物拼配而成的丰盛的圣诞晚餐招待了那些人。

7. replenish （重新填满re(=again) + plen(=fill) ）
  vt. 再装满；重新补充
  It's your responsibility to inventory and replenish supplies. 你的责任是盘点和补充库存。

8. plenary （与填充的事物相关的 plen(=fill)）（-ary (a.) 表示“…的”（形容空瓶被填满的，即完全的 / 全部的 / 全体的）
  adj.完全的，充分的；绝对的；（会议）全体的出席的
  plenarily adv.完全地
  A vote was held at the plenary session of the city council. 在市议会的全体会议上进行了投票。

9. compliment
  n.称赞，赞扬；敬意；表示敬意；(pl.)祝词
  v. 恭维，称赞；向...赠送（某物）以表示敬意 *com(=with,together)
  pay a compliment 称赞
  give /present /send my compliment to your father 向你的父亲致意
  With the compliments of the season 祝贺佳节（圣诞节、新年等节日时的问候语）
  With the author's compliments （著者）谨赠，惠存（在赠送本上书写的字句）
  compliment her on her new snowboard 称赞她的新滑雪板
  compliment her with Vocabulary Workshop 向她赠送 Vocabulary Workshop 一书

10. complimentary
  adj.称赞的，赞美的；表示敬意的；免费赠送的 *com(=with,together)
  complimentary address 祝词
  complimentary copy/ticket /dinner 赠送本/优待券、招待券/（飞机上为顾客提供的）免费餐

11. supply
  v.供给（所需或所要求的物品），提供；满足（需求） n. 供给，供应；供应品；军粮补给品；储备物资；（个人的）生活费；代课教师 *sup<sub(=under)
  supplier n.（物资等的）供应者

  supplenment n. （sup-(=sub) = from under 自下；ple = to fill 装满；-ment n. = the act or result 表行为或结果 --> "the act or result of filling from under 自下而上装满的行为或结果" -->）填补物，增补物；百科

全书的补编 v.增补；补充；

  supply and demand 供求
  supplies in our reservoir 我们水库里的储备水
  medical supplies 医药用品
  supply teacher 代课教师

12. complete (com全部+plet满+e→全部满了→完成的)
  adj.完全的，全部的，完整的；彻底的 v.结束，完成；使完整 *com(=together)
  completely adv.完全地，彻底地
  complete failure 彻底失败
  complete stranger 完全不认识的人
  complete works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
  complete the puzzle 做填字游戏

13. completion
  n.完成，结束；（目的的）达成；[经]（销售契约手续的）正式完成 *com(=together)
  on completion of contract 完成合同手续后
  sentence completion 完成句子

14. expletive （ex- 出，外，plet 装，填，-ive 形容词后缀 --> 填在外面的，装在外面的--> 附加的）
  adj.附加的，填补的 ；仅有文法功用而无实际意义的
  n.虚词；助词；咒骂词 *ex(=out)

15. plethora
  n.过多，过剩；[医]多血症

16. plenipotentiary （potent 权力 / 全能、-i- 连接词、-ary (a./ n.)（形容掌满权力的人，拥有很大权力，即全权大使 / 有全权的））
  n.全权大使 adj.有全权的 *pot(=capable of ,powerful)
  ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使
  minister plenipotentiary 全权公使

17. plenitude （-itude (n.) 抽象名词后缀（全的，满的，即丰富 / 充足 / 完全 / 充分））
  n.充分；丰富
  in the plentitude of his powers 在他权力鼎盛之时

18. deplenish （de- 非 / 相反、-ish (v.) 动词后缀（装满水的瓶子被反过来，即倒空 / 弄空 / 使空））
  v. 倒空,弄空 , 使空

19. plenteous（plent(= fill) + eous 形容词后缀）
  adj. [诗]富饶的；丰富的（=plentiful）

20. plenum
  n.充满物质的空间；高压状态；充实；全体会议（完全充满）《-um 表示抽象名词》

21. ample
  adj.富足的；充分的（充满于四周的）《am- = amb- = about》

22. accomplish
  v.完成，达成《ac- =ad- =to》
  accomplishment n.完成；成就；（pl.）技艺；才能

词根：punct, pung(punc, pounc, polgn, pon, point) = to prick（刺）,

  词根来源于拉丁动词pungere,"to prick or stab",和拉丁名词punctum," point"。punc,pounc,poign,pon,point 等是它们的变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的stinct/sting/stig/sti。

  （*拉丁文pungere(=to prick)。过去分词是由“穿刺”引申为“（突出之）点”的意思。 —— 英文根字典）
 

同源词：

1. compunction （用力地、狠狠地扎 com(=intensive)加强意义 + punct(=prick)刺 + -ion 名词后缀；“良心受到刺痛”-->内疚，后悔）
  n.良心的谴责；悔恨
  compunctious adj.内疚的，后悔的
  compunctiously adv.后悔地
  Some parents feel no compunction at beating their disobedient children. 有些父母因为孩子不听话崦打孩子时，从不感到内疚。

2. punctilio （突出的小点）
  n.（仪式等的）细枝；拘泥细节
  stand upon punctilios 过分拘泥于细节

3. punctilious (punct点,变尖,指,针+ilious→[做事]点滴不漏→小心的)
  adj.谨小慎微的；拘泥于细节的
  punctiliously adv. 谨小慎微地；拘泥于细节地

4. punctual (punct点,变尖,指,针+ual……的→着眼于一点的→限于一限于一点的→不偏不差的→)
  adj.严守时间的，准时的；精确的
  punctually adv.严守时间地
  (as) punctual as the clock （像钟表般）准时的
  punctual to the minute 分秒不差，准时
  be punctual for the lecture /in payment of one's rent 准时上课/按时交纳房租

5. punctuality (punctual[adj.严守时刻的,准时的,正点的]+ity表名词后缀→n.准时)
  n.严守时间

6. punctuate (punct点,变尖,指,针+ -u- + -ate 动词后缀→加上点→加标点)
  v.在...间加标点；不时打断
  speech punctuated with cheers 不时被叫喝彩声打断的演说
  punctuate one's remarks with thumps on the table 时不时敲击桌子打断某人的话

7. punctuation (punctuate[v.加标点于;不时打断]+ion表名词→punctuation标点)
  n.标点
  punctuation mark 标点

8. puncture (punct点,变尖,指,针+ -ure 名词后缀→点[进去]→刺穿；（转为动词后为（用针）刺，刺破）)
  v.穿孔，扎，刺
  n.（用尖的东西扎出的）小孔
  puncture an abscess /her husband's ego 刺破脓肿/刺伤自己丈夫的自尊心
  Two of my tires punctured while i was on that stony road. 经过满是石子的马路时，我的两个车胎被扎破了。

9. expunge
  v.擦去，抹去；删除 *ex(=out)

10. pungent (pung(=punct,punct通过音变g <-- ct,变成了pung)点,变尖,指,针+ent……的→尖的→尖锐的)
  adj.（气味、味道）辛辣的；刺激性的；（言语等）尖锐的，辛辣的，尖刻的
  pungently adv. 辛辣地；刺激地
  pungency n.辛辣；尖锐；刺激性
  pungent sauce 辛辣的酱汁
  pungent criticism /remarks /satire 尖刻的批评/话/讽刺

11. pounce
  v.猛扑；突袭 *pounc<pung(=prick)
  The tiger pounced savagely on a mouse. 那只老虎猛地扑向一只老鼠。

12. punch (punch=punct点,变尖,指,针→n.冲压机,冲床;穿孔机 v.冲压,穿孔)
  n.打孔；打孔机，穿孔机，冲压机；猛击，用拳头击打；力量；活力；潘趣酒（酒、果、汁、香料等混合而成的饮料）v.（用打孔机）打孔、冲孔；用拳头猛击 *punc<pung(=prick)
  give him a punch on the nose 对他的鼻子猛地一击
  punched cards 打孔卡
  punch him on the chin 对他的下巴猛地一击
  face i'd like to punch 欠揍的脸
  Punch-and-Judy show 英国滑稽木偶剧（主人公潘趣杀死了孩子和妻子朱迪，最终被判处绞刑）
  (as) pleased / proud ad Punch 非常开心/骄傲的

13. poignant
  adj.痛切的；伤心的；辛酸的 *poign<pung(=prick)
  poignantly adv.惨痛地；伤心地；辛酸地
  poignancy n.辛酸；惨痛；伤心
  poignant sorrow/regret/memories 彻骨的伤痛/深深的懊悔/痛苦的回忆

14. poniard
  n.短剑，匕首 v.以匕首刺 *pounc<pung(=prick)

15. point
  v.（~to）指；显示，表示，表明；（~at）向...瞄准；指向...；（~out）指出；削尖（铅笔等）；强调
  n.要点，要义，论点；项目，细目；特点；瞬间，刹那；（钉子、铅笔、刀的）尖头，尖端；岬；（作为符号的）点；（空间、时间上的或想法的）点；（温度计、指南针等的）度；得分，评分；学分 *point<pung(=prick)
  The clock points to twelve. 时钟指向12点
  Don't point a finger at a lady. 不要用手指着女士。
  point a pencil 把铅笔削尖
  miss the point 没抓住要点
  What's the point? 重点是什么？
  good /bad points 优点/缺点
  turning point 转折点
  at the point of the sword/bayonet 剑拔弩张
  decimal point 小数点
  the boiling /freezing/melting point 沸点/冰点/熔点
  vantage point 优势地点
  trading point 交易地点
  to a certain point 到某种程度
  score twenty points 得20分
  Grade Point Average 平均成绩点数（缩写：GPA）
  point system 驾驶违规的记分制度

16. pointed
  adj.有针对性的（明确指向某人或行为）；尖锐的 *point<pung(=prick)
  pointed reproof 尖锐的指责
  show pointed attentions to the glamorous movie star 十分关注那位迷人的电影明星

17. point-bland
  adj.（射击）近距离平射的；直截了当地 *blank(=white),point<pung(=prick)
  fire at point-blank range 近距离射击
  point-blank refusal 直截了当的拒绝

18. pointer
  n.指针；短毛大猎狗 *point<pung(=prick)

19. pointless
  adj.无意义的；没有目标的，无目的的；未得分的 **point<pung(=prick),less(=without)
  pointless draw 零比零

20. appoint (ap加强+point指→指定)
  v.任命，委任；指定（时间、地点等）；约定；给...提供装备 *ap<ad(=to),point<pung(=prick)
  appointee n.被任命者

21. appointed
  adj.指定的，指派的；约定的；设备好的 *ap<ad(=to),point<pung(=prick)
  at the appointed time 在约定的时间
  his appointed task 指派给他的任务
  well-appointed/badly-appointed library 设备好的/简陋的图书馆

22. appointment
  n.指定；任命，作用；约会；职位，职务；（pl.）设备，阵设 *ap<ad(=to),point<pung(=prick)
  make /keep/break an appointment with him 约好和他见面/遵守约定与他见面/失约没去和他见面
  get a good appointment in a business firm 在公司里谋求到一个好职位

23. disappoint (dis不+appoint任命→不被任命→使失望)
  v.使失望；挫败（计划等）；使（希望等）破灭 *dis(=away,apart),ap<ad(=to),point<pung(=prick)
  disappointed adj.失望的
  disappointing adj.令人失望的，辜负期望的
  disappointedly adv.失望地，灰心地

24. disappointment
  n.失望；令人失望的人（或事物） *dis(=away,apart),ap<ad(=to),point<pung(=prick)
  to my great disappointment 令我极其失望的是
  suffer many disappointments in love 经历多次失恋

25. acupuncture (acu尖+punct点+ure表名词→用尖[针]点→针炙)
  n.针炙

26. punctate（punct 点 + -ate 形容词后缀，...的）
  adj.缩成一点的，点状的

27. punctum（点，-um 名词后缀）n.斑点

词根：clud, clus(clos, clois, claus, clot) = to shut（关闭）

  clud,clus是同源异形根，来源于拉丁动词claudere意为to shut（关闭）。clud来自不定式词干claud,常见于英语动词；clus 来自动名词词干claus,多见于相应的名词和形容词。clos,clois,claus,clot 是它们的变形。

同源词：

1. conclusive（一起关闭的 con<com(=together) + clus(=shut) + -ive）
  adj.决定性的；确凿的；最终的
  conclude v.下结论
  conclusion （conclude 的对应名词：conclus = to conclude 结束，决定；-ion n. = the act or result 表示行为或结果 --> " the act result of concluding 结束，决定的行为或结果" -->）n.结论
  conclusively adv.决定性地，最终地
  The investigator presented conclusive evidence that the criminial was guilty.  那位调查员出示了确凿的证据，证明那个犯人有罪。

2. preclude（事先关上、关押起来pre(=before) + clud(=shut)）(pre预先,提前+clud关闭+e→提前关闭→阻止)
  vt. 阻止，妨碍；排除；防止
  preclusion n.排除；妨碍；防止
  preclusive adj.排除的；妨碍的；防止的
  Some medical conditions preclude getting facial cosmetic surgery. 某些医疗条件妨碍脸部整形手术的进行。

3. recluse（不露面，躲在里面过着封闭的生活 re(=back) + clus(=shut)）
  n.脱离世俗的人；隐遁者
  adj.脱离世俗的，隐遁的
  My aunt is agoraphobic and something of a recluse. 我姑姑有广场恐惧症，活得像个隐士。

4. seclusion（脱离，过着封闭的生活se(=away) + clus(=shut)）
  n.隔绝；隐退，隐遁
  seclude v.隔绝；使隐退 (se分开+clud关闭+e→分开关→隐居的)
  secluded adj.隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的
  She went into seclusion after the traffic death of her toddler. 自从她那蹒跚学步的孩子死于车祸后，她便过起了隐居的生活。

5. exclude （ex-(=out 外) + clud(=to shut关闭) + -e --> " to shut out 关在外面 " ）
  v.拒绝（接纳）；排斥；排除（可能性）*ex(=out)
  exclusion n.拒绝；排除
  exclude all possibility of doubt 排除一切怀疑的可能性

6. exclusive
  adj.排除的，除外的；孤傲的；（集团、团体）排他的；（商品）独家经营的；独占的，唯一的 *ex(=out)
  exclusively adv.专有地；排他地；独占地
  exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（缩写：EEZ）
  exclusive right 专有权

7. include （in- (= in 内) + clud (= to shut 关闭) + -e -->" to shut in 关闭在内 " -->）
  v.包含，算入 *in(=in)
  inclusion n.包含，算入
  This atlas contains fifty maps,including six of North America. 这本地图册共由50幅地图组成，其中包含6张北美地图。
  postage included 包含邮资

8. including
  prep. 包含，包括 *in(=in)
  There are seven of us including myself. 把我算在内共有7个人。

9. inclusive
  adj. (~of)包括的，包含的
  inclusively adv.包括地，在内地
  five inclusive of the driver 包括司机共5个人

10. disclose (dis分开,打开+clos关闭+e→把关的打开→揭发)
  v.揭露，暴露，揭开，透露；分开 *dis(=not)
  refuse to diclose one's name and address 拒绝透露姓名和地址

11. disclosure
  n.暴露，透露；公开；被揭发的事 *dis(=not)

12. enclose (en进入+clos关闭+e→被关起来→包围)
  v.围绕，（用围墙或栅栏等）围起来；封（信）；放入（纸袋、包裹），封入 *en(=in)
  A check for 50 dollars is enclosed. 附上一张50美元的支票。
  Enclosed please find a check for 50 dollars .  请收下附上的50美元支票。

13. enclosure
  n.围绕；围栏；（特指随信一起）封入；封入之物
  enclosure of common land 用围栏圈起一块公有土地

14. close (close=clos关闭→靠拢→近的→接近)
  v.闭（眼）；关（门、窗等）；收起（伞）；合上（书）；封闭（通道、入口、小孔）；关闭（店铺等）；结束，终止；商定（交易）；靠拢，密集
  n.（期限的）结束，（活动等的）终止；（四周围住的）场地；院子；死胡同
  adj.（空间、时间上）接近的；（关系）密切的，亲密的；（在比赛中）势均力敌的，差异微小的；密集的；缜密的，周密的；吝啬的；（天气）闹热的；（房间等）通风不畅的，（空气）污浊的；隐藏的，非公开的
  adv.接近地；紧密地；紧紧地
  close a deal 成交
  close call/thing/shave 侥幸脱险
  close cut 捷径
  close friend 密友
  close relatives 近亲
  close election/contest/match /finish 势均力敌的选举/竞争/比赛/结局
  You are very close. 你已经接近正确答案了。
  in close order 以密集队形

15. closed
  adj.关闭的，密闭的，密封的；非公开的；排他性的
  Closed today. 今日停业
  closed-door 秘密的，非分开的 <-->open-door 公开的
  closed primary 仅由一个政党的成员参加的预选

16. closing
  adj.结尾的，结束的；闭会的 n.密封，封闭；终结，结束；结算
  closing date 截止时间
  closing address 闭幕词

17. closeness
  n.接近；密集；亲密
  the closeness of a resemblance 非常想像

18. closely
  adv.密集地，紧紧地；接近地；精密地；精密地
  listen closely 倾听
  closely contested election 势均力敌的选举

19. closure (clos关闭+ure表名词→close的名词)
  n.结束；终止；封闭；关闭
  pit closures 闭坑

20. closet (clos关闭+et小东西→关的小东西→壁橱)
  n. 壁橱；（旧用法）私室；书斋；厕所 adj.私人的；空谈的；关起门来的；秘密的
  v.把...引进私室密谈 *et(=small)
  closet thinker/strategist 纸上谈兵的空想家/战略家
  closet theory 空谈理论
  He was closeted with his advisor for two hours. 他和他的导师密谈了两小时。

21. cloture
  n.结束；截止 v.结束辩论 *clot<clos(=shut)

22. cloister
  n.修道院；（修道院、大教堂等的后院围成四角形的）有房顶的回廊；（the ~）隐居生活
  v.使居于修道院中 *clois<clos(=shut)
  live a cloistered life 过修道院的隐居生活

23. clause
  n.（合约、法律文书等的）条目，条款；[语]从句
  penal clause 处罚条款
  clause by clause 逐条地
  subordinate clause 从句

24. claustrophobia
  n.幽闭恐怖（症） *phob(=fear)

25. mare clausum
  n.领海（<-->mare liberum 公海） *mar(=sea)

26. occlude (oc一再+clude=clud关闭→一再关起来不畅通→堵塞)
  v.闭塞,堵塞

词根：strain, strict, string, stress(strang) = to draw tight（拉紧）

  来源于丁语的strain,strict,string,stress 意为 to bind,to tie,to draw tight。strang 是它们的变形。同义词根有来源于拉丁语的lig(li,leag,ly),cinct,nect/next 等和来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的bond。此外，意为 to join 的

junct/join /jug也与这些词相似。

  （*拉丁文stringere(=to draw tight,to compress),过去分词为strictus。（和stronge 有关系）—— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. constrain（全部都绑上con<com(=together) + strain(=tie,draw tight)）(constrain[v.限制,约束;克制,抑制]+t→n.强迫,结束;强制力)
  vt.迫使，强制，强迫；压制，抑制；束缚，拘束
  constraint n.强制，强迫
  constrained adj.被迫的
  I feel constrained by my religious beliefs to object to capital punishment. 我的宗教信仰迫使我反对死型制度。

2. constrict（用力捆绑con<com(=together,intensive) + strict(=tie)） (constrict[v.压缩]+ion表名词→n.压缩,收缩)
  vt.勒紧，压缩；（血管、肌肉）收缩；限制行动
  constriction n.压缩；收缩
  constrictor n.压缩机；大蟒
  constricted adj.压缩的
  I hate clothing that constricts my movemet. 我讨厌限制活动的衣服。

3. restrict（压着捆 re(=back,intensive) + strict(=tie,draw tight)）(re回+strict拉紧→拉回来,限制)
  vt.限制，限定；约束，束缚
  We had to restrict Donna's privileges because she wouldn't study enough. 我们不得不限制唐娜的一些特权，不然她不好好学习。

4. stringent（扎起来的 string (=tie)）(string拉紧+ent……的→拉紧的→紧迫的)
  adj.规定严格的；严厉的，不能违背的；银根紧的，奖金短缺的
  stringency n.严厉
  The captain is very stringent about enforcing the curfew rules. 警察局副巡官在执行夜间宵禁令方面非常严格。

5. distrain dis分开+strain拉紧→把财产拉走)
  v.（为获得租费而）扣押 *di<dis(=away)
  distraint n.扣押
  distrainer n.扣押人
  distrainee n.财务被扣押者
  distrain upon one's furniture for rent 扣押某人的家具作为房租

6. restrain (restrain抑制,制止+t→n.抑制,制止)
  v.抑制；束缚 *re(=back)
  restrained adj.严谨的；抑制的；克制的

7. restraint (re回+strain拉紧→拉回去→抑制)
  n.抑制；束缚
  without restraint 无拘无束地，自由地
  the restraints of poverty 贪困的束缚

8. strain (strain拉紧→v.拉紧;紧张;扭伤;竭尽全力 n.拉紧;负担)
  v.拉紧；歪曲；滥用；紧抱；（用布、筛子）过滤（液体）
  n.（人的）血缘，世系；种，族；（动植物的）种，品种；气质，（性格上的）倾向；曲子，旋律，歌；诗节；口吻，语气；笔调；情调
  strainet n.过滤器，筛子
  strain a rope to breaking-point （如同要拉断一样）拉紧绳子
  strain every nerve 竭尽全力
  nervous strain 神经质
  speak in a lofty strain 做慢地说话
  a stain of insanity 疯狂
  spaniel of good strain 优良品种的西班牙猎狗

9. strained
  n.（行动）勉强的；不自然的；牵强附会的；紧张的
  strained relations 紧张的（一触即发的）关系
  strained cordiality 不自然的热情
  strained laugh 强笑

10. unrestrained
  adj.无限制的，无拘束的 *un(=not),re(=back)

11. district (dis分开+strict拉紧→分开拉,分开管理→分区;区域, 地方)
  n.地域，地区；选区 *di<dis(=away)
  district attorney <美>地方检察官
  District council <英>区自治会
  district court <美>地方法院
  district leader <美>州议会议员选区的政党领导人
  district office 区政府
  the District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区（即美国首都华盛顿）
  single-member district system 单名选区制
  multi-member district system 复数选区制

12. strict (strict拉紧→adj.[with]严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的)
  adj.严格的，严厉的；完全的
  strictly adv.严格地，严厉地
  strict father 严厉的父亲
  strict discipline 严格的训练
  strict truth 完全属实
  strict order 严令

13. stricture (strict[adj.[with]严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的]+ure表名词→n.谴责,严厉,束缚)
  n.苛评，责难；[医]（人体异管病变性的）狭窄

14. strait
  n.[和专有名词一起使用]海峡；(pl.) 危难 adj.狭窄的；苦恼的 *strait<strict(=bind)
  straiten v.使窘困，使困苦
  the Straits of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡
  the Strait of Dover 多佛尔海峡
  in financial straits 经济拮据的
  in great straits 陷入严重困境的
  strait gate  窄门

15. astringent
  adj.收敛性的；严厉的，严格的 n.收敛剂 *a<ad(=to)
  astringency n.收敛性；严格

16. strangle
  v.扼死，使窒息 *strang<string(=bind)

17. string (string拉紧→用来拉的→绳)
  n.绳（比cord细，比tread粗），线，细绳；一串东西，一连串；（乐器或弓等的）弦；（the strings）弦乐器；木偶牵线
  v.给（弓、小提琴等）上弦，调弦；用线串起（珍珠等）；用绳缚，系；排成一排前进
  stringency n. 严格,紧迫,说服力 (string拉紧+ency表名词→拉紧→紧迫)
  a piece of string 一根线
  a string of beads/pearl 一串珠子/珍珠
  a string of abuses/curses 一连串的辱骂/诅咒
  a string of horses  一群马
  a string of cars waiting at a red light 一连串等红灯的车
  have two strings to one's bow 脚踏两只船，有两手准备
  pull (the )strings 在幕后操纵
  string-puller 幕后操纵者
  no strings (attached)/without strings （国家间的资金援助）无附带条件的/无条件的

18. stringy
  adj.线状的，绳状的；多纤维的；有筋的；黏稠的；瘦而结实的
  stringy meat 有筋的肉

19. constringent (constringe[v.使收缩,使收敛,压缩]+ent……的→adj.压缩的,收敛性的)
  adj. 压缩的,收敛性的

20. constringe (con共同+string拉紧+e→拉到一起,收缩)
  v.使收缩,使收敛,压缩

21. prestige (pre前+stige=string拉紧→在前面拉紧→声望, 威望, 威信)
  n.声望, 威望, 威信

22. overstrain (over超过+strain拉紧→v.使过度紧张, 使工作过度 v.过度紧张 n.过度紧张, 过劳)
  v.使过度紧张, 使工作过度

23. straight （完全张开）
  adj. 直的； 连续的； 直率的； 整齐的
  adv. 直地； 直接地； 坦率地； 立即
  n. 直线； 直线部分

24. strangulate
  v. 勒死 ;绞扼

25. stress (stress拉紧→n.&v.着重, 强调, 重读;n.压力)
  n.&v. 着重, 强调, 重读

26. distress (dis分开,各种各样+stress压力→各种各样的压力→苦恼，痛苦)
  v.使悲痛, 使穷困
  distressful adj.痛苦的；穷困的；悲惨的

27. distress (dis分开,各种各样+stress压力→各种各样的压力→苦恼，痛苦)
  n.苦恼，痛苦

28. stretch
  vt. 伸展； 张开； 充分利用； 使紧张
  n. 伸展； 延伸； 紧张； 弹性
  vi. 伸展； 伸开
  adj. 可伸缩的； 弹性的

词根：ger, gest(gist) = to carry（运、载）

  来源于拉丁语的ger,gest是一对同源异形根，意为 to carry,to bear，其中，ger 是拉丁动词 gerere的不定式词干；gest 是这个动词的动名词词干，其意思相当于to carry（运送，携带，传送）。在英语中ger只出现于

belligerent（交战中的），congeries （堆积）和gerund（动名词）等单词中；gest却有很强的孳生能力。词根的变形为gist。同义词根有来源于拉丁语的fer,lat,port,veh/vect 和来自希腊语的phor/pher。

同源词：

1. congest（一起搬运 con<com(=together) + gest (=carry,bear)）
  vt.使拥挤；使充满；使充血
  congestion n.拥挤；充血
  congested adj.拥挤的；充血的
  A number of large vehicles congested the bridge. 众多大型车辆使大桥拥堵。

2. belligerent（带来战争的 bell (=war) + ger(=carry)）
  adj.战争的，交战中的，好战的 n.交战国；参加斗殴的人（或组织）
  belligerency n.交战状态，好战性 cf.bellicose 好战的
  Son,i can't tolerate much more of your belligerent attitude. 孩子，我实在不忍受你好斗的态度了。

3. digest（di- < dis-(=away)离；gest = to carry 运送 --> " to carry away 运走或取去" --> " to take in 吸进来"）
  v.消化；领悟;做...的摘要 n.概要，摘要，纲要
  digestible adj.可消化的

4. digestion
  food hard/easy of digestion 难/易于消化的食物
  have a good / poor digestion 消化力强/弱

5. digestive
  adj.消化的 *di<dis(=away,apart)
  digestive system 消化系统
  suffer from digestive trouble 消化不良

6. exaggerate (ex出+ag=ad+ger带来,表达+ate表动词→表达太过分)
  v.夸张，夸大 *ex(=out),ag<ad(=intensive)

7. exaggerated
  adj.夸张的，夸大的 *ex(=out),ag<ad(=intensive)
  He has an exaggerated sense of his own importance. 他过于看重自己。

8. exaggeration
  n.夸张，夸张的言语
  story full of exaggerations 充满夸张的故事
  It is no exaggeration to say that 说...一点也不夸张

9. gerund
  n.[语]动名词

10. gestation
  n.怀孕（期）

11. gesticulate
  v.用手势交谈，做姿势表达
  gesticulation n.手势，示意动作；做示意动作、手势

12. gesture
  n.手势，示意动作 v.用手势、动作示意
  gesture of refusal 表示拒绝的手势

13. ingest
  v.摄取（食物）等 *in(=into)

14. nonbelligerent
  n.非交战国 adj.非交战国的 *non (=not) ,bell(=war)

15. suggest（sug<sub = under 在...下面；gest = to carry 送--> " to carry ( some idea) from under 从下面呈上（某种想法）" --> " to bring up for consideration 提出以供参考" ）（请注意：本实例中带sug的单词意思

都表示under,所以，这里其它单词一般没有写出来。）
  v.提议，建议；暗示；使想起，使联想到 *sug<sub(=under)
  suggestible adj.易受影响的；可建议的

16. suggestion
  n.提议，建议；暗示，启发；示意；联想；细微的迹象 *sug<sub(=under)
  suggestion(s) -box 建议箱
  hypnotic suggestion 催眠暗示作用
  not even a suggestion of fatigue 没有一点疲劳的迹象
  suggestion of blue in the gray 蓝灰色中还有一丝微蓝

17. suggestive
  adj.暗示的；启发的，示意的；引起联想的，使想起...的；挑动色情的 *sug<sub(=under)
  suggestive remarks 暗示的话
  suggestive jokes 挑动色情的笑话

18. register
  n.（出生、船籍的）登记簿；记录，登记，注册；（速度、现金出纳等的）自动登录机，收银机；通风调节设备 v.记录，注册，登记；用挂号方式邮寄；流露（感情等）；（温度计等）显示，（机器）标示，记录 *re

(=back),gist<gest(=carry,bear)
  register of voters 选举人名簿
  cash register 收银机
  register one's car /the birth of a child /a new trademark 给车登记/给孩子办理出生登记/注册新商标

19. registered
  adj.注册的，已登记的
  regustered desugb / trademark /letter/mail 注册图案/注册商标/挂号信/挂号邮件
  registered nurse 注册护士（有证书的护士）（缩写：RN）

20. registrar
  n.（美国大学里从事学生注册、核发成绩证明书、学籍管理等工作的）注册主任；户籍员 *re(=back),gist,gest(=carry,bear)
  Registrar's Office （美国大学的）学籍科

21. registration
  n.登记，注册；登记项目，记录事项
  registration number （汽车）牌照号码
  registration fee 注册费，登记费

22. registry
  n.登记处，注册处；登记簿；登记，注册
  marriage at a registry (office) （不举行婚礼的）登记结婚

词根：solid(sold) = firm, whole

  来源于拉丁语的solid 意为 firm,whole。注意 勿与意为comfort,alone,sun,whole/entire 的sol混淆。

同源词：

1. consolidate（使非常结实 con<com(=together) + solid (=firm)）
  vt. 合并，统一；变坚固，强化
  consolidation n.强化；合并，统一
  The companies consolidated several divisions after their merger. 那几家公司联合之后合并了几个部门。

2. solid (solid巩固,团结→n.固体, 立体 adj.固体的, 实心的)
  adj.固体的；（材料、结构）结实的，坚固的；可靠的，坚实的；全体一致的；团结的；连续的，不间断的 n.立方体；固体
  solidity n.固体；坚硬；坚固
  solid fuels 固体燃料
  Solid South (the ~ ) <美>（传统上一贯支持民主党的）南方诸州

3. solidarity (solidary[adj.团结一致的,休戚相关的]+ity表名词→solidarity团结)
  n.（源自于共同的利益关系或感情的）一致，团结
  national solidarity in the face of danger 面对危难全国人民团结一致

4. solidify (solid巩固,团结+ify表动词→v.[使]凝固,[使]团结, 巩固)
  v.（使）坚固；（使）凝固；使一致，使团结
  solidifying point 凝结点
 
5. solder
  n.焊锡 v.焊接 *sold<solid(=firm,whole)
  soldering iron 烙铁

6. soldier
  n.（陆军的）军人，士兵 v.当兵 *sold,solid (firm,whole)
  soldierly /soldierlike 军人般的；英勇的
  soldier of fortune （国家或个人的）雇佣兵
  private soldier 普通兵
  Soldier's Medal 军人奖章（用于表彰除战斗以外的英勇行为）

7. soldiery (solid巩固,团结+ary表形容词→adj.团结一致的,休戚相关的)
  n.[总称]军人 *sold<solid(=firm,whole)
  undisciplined soldiery 不遵守纪律的军人

词根：alesc (esc, alit, olesc) = becoming

  词根alesc来自拉丁语的alesc意为becoming。growing,esc,alit,olesc是它的变形。

同源词：

1. coalition（变成一起co<com(=together) + alit<alesc(=becoming)）
  n.联合；（政党间的）联盟
  coalesce n.联合
  A coalition nations attacked Iraq in 1991. 多国联军于1991年攻击了伊拉克。

2. adolescence
  n.青春期 *ad( = to ,toward),olesc,alesc(=becoming)
  The period of adolescence has fascinated people of all ages. 青春期阶段总是使各个年龄的人都着迷。

3. adolescent
  adj.青春期的 n.青少年 *ad( = to ,toward),olesc,alesc(=becoming)
  Aristotle characterized the adolescent as being "high-minded",but somewaht put this down to lack of experience. 亚里士多德认为青少年的特点是“高洁的”，但他也认为这在某种程度上缺乏经验。

4. florescence
  n. 开花，盛开；花期，全盛期 *flor (=flower),esc<alesc(=becoming)
  florescent adj.开花的，花盛开的

5. fluorescent
  adj.发荧光的，荧光性的 *fluor(=bloom),esc<alesc(=becoming)
  fluorescence n.荧光性
  fluorescent lamps /lighting 荧光灯/荧光照明

6. phosphorescence
  n.发磷光；磷光 *phos(=light),phor(=carry,produce),esc<alesc(=becoming)
  phosphorescent adj.发磷光的，磷光性的

词根：secr, sacr, sanct ( sacer, saint) = holy, sacred 神圣的

  来自拉丁语的sacer(=sacred),sancire(=to render sacred)。过去分词为sanctus。sacer,saint 是它们的变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的pi以及来自希腊语的hagi。

同源词：

1. consecrate（使和神圣在一起con<com(=together) + secr(=holy)）
  vt. 使神圣；献给，奉献
  consecration n.神圣化；奉献；（圣职）授任仪式
  A priest consecrates matzo and wine prior to a communion ceremony. 牧师在圣餐仪式之前将无酵饼和葡萄酒作为祭品。

2. desecrate（贬低神圣 de(=down) + secr(=holy)）
  vt. sth + to + sth 亵渎神圣，玷污神圣
  desecration n.亵渎神圣
  The Satanists desecrated the church sanctuary with animal blood. 那些崇拜撒时旦的人用动物的鲜血来玷污教会圣所的神圣。

3. execrable（脱离神圣的 ex(=down) + ecr<secr(=holy)）
  adj.极坏的；恶劣的
  execrate v.诅咒；憎恶
  execration n.诅咒；憎恶
  How execrabel,that a man guilty of murder should go free. 杀人犯居然逍遥法外，真是太可恶了。

4. sanctimonious（如圣者般行事的 sanct (=holy)）
  adj.伪装虔诚的，假装神圣的
  The sanctimonious religious right would outlaw everything fun if they could. 伪装虔诚的宗教保守主义势力总是尽他们所能禁止一切娱乐活动。

5. sacred
  adj.神圣的；神的；与宗教相关的；庄严的；不可侵犯的
  sacred cow （印度的）圣牛；<谑>神圣不容侵犯的事物
  sacred writings 宗教经典《古兰经》、《圣经》等
  sacred music 宗教音乐
  sacred promise 着重的诺言
  Sacre Coeur （法国巴黎的）圣心大教堂

6. sacrifice （成为神圣的东西）*fic(=make)
  n.牺牲，（供奉的）祭品；牺牲行为；牺牲品
  v.（向神）献祭；牺牲
  sacrificial adj.牺牲的

7. sacrilege
  n.亵渎神圣 *leg(=send)
  sacrilegious adj.亵渎神圣的

8. sacristan
  n.<古>（天主教）教堂看守人，圣器保管人

9. sacristy
  n.（天主教教堂的）圣器收藏室

10. sacrosanct
  adj.神圣不容侵犯的 *sanct(=holy)
  He regards his privileges as sacrosanct. 他认为自己的特权是不容侵犯的。

11. sacrament
  n.圣事，圣礼（包括洗礼、坚信礼、圣体，告解、终傅、神品、婚配
  the Blessed /Holy Sacrament 圣餐礼

12. sacramental
  adj.圣事的，圣餐（礼）的
  sacramental wine 圣餐用葡萄酒

13. saerdotal
  adj.圣职的，祭司的 *sacer,sacr(=holy),dot(=give)
  sacerdotalism n.祭司制度

14. sanctify
  v.使神圣 *ify (=make)
  sanctification n.神圣化

15. sanction
  n.批准，认可，承认，同意；（一般数个国家共同对违反国际法的国家所实施的）国际制裁 v.批准，认可，承认，同意
  a book that was translated without the sanction of the author and publisher 未经作者和出版人同意而翻译的书
  apply economic/arms sanctions against an aggressor coutry 对侵略国家实施经济/军事制裁
  punitive /vindicatory sanction 刑罚/惩罚
  Would you sanction flogging as a punishment for crimes of violence ? 你同意将鞭笞作为对暴力罪行的惩罚吗？

16. sanctity
  n.圣洁；神圣；(pl.)神圣的事物（如义务、感情等）
  violate the sanctity of an oath 亵渎誓言的神圣
  the sanctities of the home 家庭的神圣义务
 
17. sanctuary
  n.圣所，教堂，寺庙；内殿；祭坛；避难所，庇护所；（鸟兽等的）禁猎区 *ary ( =place where)
  seek /take sanctuary 寻找避难所/逃往圣所
  sanctuary of political refugees 政治流亡人士的避难所
  sanctuary privilege 庇护权
  bird sanctuary 鸟类禁猎区

18. sanctum
  n.圣所；密室 *un(=place where)

19. saint
  n.圣人；（死后）进入天国的人；天使；道德，崇高的人，似圣徒般的人；(S~)圣（在人名、教堂名、职位名等之前多写做St.） *saint<sanct(=holy)
  sainted adj.神圣的；追封为圣徒的
  sainthood n.圣徒身份；[总称]诸圣
  I'm no saint. 我不是圣人
  the (blessed) Saints 上天的各位圣人
  St.Luke 圣人卢克

20. saintly
  adj.神圣的；圣人般的 *saint,sanct(=holy),ly(=pertaining to)
  saintliness n.神圣，圣洁
  Saintlike adj.神圣的，圣人般的
  saintly expression on his face 他脸上圣人般的表情

21. obsecrate
  v.恳求；吁请（因为是神圣的）《ob- = on account of 》
  obsecration n.恳求；请愿

词根：tang, tact, ting (tig, tag) = to tuouch

  tang,tact,ting (tig,tag)为同源异形根，来源于拉丁语动词tangere的不定式词干，tact是名词词干,过去分词是tactus,它们的变形tig,tag 意为to touch。同义词根有来自拉丁语的palp和tegr。

同源词：

1. contiguous（和某种事物相接触的 con<com(=with) + tig<ting(=touch)）
  contiguity n.接触；临近
  TV weather broadcasters usually only offer forecasts for the 48 contiguous United States. 电视天气预报通常只预报叛国本土的48的州的天气情况。

2. disentangle（对“使被纠缠”的轻微否定 dis(=reverse) + en(=make) + tang(=touch)）
  vt. 解开；解决纠纷 vi.解开；松开
  disentanglement n.解开
  The detective managed to disentangle the 4 witnesses conflicting stories. 那位侦探从四位证人相互矛盾的叙述中了解了事实真相。

3. intangible（无法接触或抚摸的 in(=not) + tang(=touch)）
  adj.不能抚摸的；无形的；难以掌握的
  intangibility n.不可触知性
  Some of the most important gifts we receive from parents are intangible. 我们从父母那里得到的一些最重要的礼物是无形的财富。

4. tangible（可触摸的tang(=touch)）
  adj.通过触摸可以感知的；有形的；实际的；确凿的
  tangibility n.可触知；确实性
  tangibly adv.可触知地；确实地
  We can only go to court with tangible evidence. 我们只掌握了确凿的证据才可以起诉。

5. contingent
  adj.可能（但不确定）的，偶然的；（~to ）附带的；（~upon）以...为条件的
  n.分遗队；代表团
  contingent advantage 可能的优势
  Such risks are contingent to the trade. 贸易中伴随着这样的风险。
  fee contingent on success 成功后才能得到的报酬

6. contingency
  n.（事件的）偶然性，可能性；偶然事件；（紧随某事件之后的）附带事件 *con<com(=with),ting(=touch)
  prepared for all contingencies 准备应付所有偶然事件
  result that depends upon contingencies 事件偶然性所带来的结果
  contingency arrangements /plans 应对偶然事件的安排/计划
  contingency clause （交易合约的）意外条款
  contingency fund 应急专款

7. contagion
  n.（由接触引发的疾病）感染，传染；传染病；（思想、情绪、传闻等的）感染 *con<com(=with),tag,ting(=touch0
  A contagion of fear swept through the crowd .恐惧在人群中蔓延开来。

8. contagious
  adj.（疾病）接触传染性的；（人）携带传染病原的；易传染的，易感染的 *con<com(=with) ,tag<ting(=touch)
  contagiously adv.传染地
  contagious laughter /enthusiasm 感染旁人的笑容/热情
  Yawaning is contagious. 打哈欠是会传染的

9. entangle
  v.缠住；使卷入；连累 *en(=make)
  My fishing line got entangled in weeds. 我的钧鱼线被杂草缠住了。

10. entanglement
  n.纠缠；(pl.)（阻止敌人前进的）铁丝网 *en(=make)
  entanglements with rogues 和无赖纠缠
  emotional entanglement 感情的纠缠

11. tangle
  n.（线、毛等）纠结，纠缠，混乱状态
  v.使缠结，纠缠；使混乱；(~with)和某人争论，吵架
  make a tangle of my ball of wool 使我的毛线团缠在一起
  tangled hair 乱糟糟的头发

12. tangent
  n.[数]切线，正切（在数学公式中tangent 简写为tg）
  go /fly off at a tangent 突然离开原来的思路；突然离题
 
13. tact
  n.机智，机敏；教练
  tactless adj.不机智的；不教练的；笨拙的
  have great tact in dealing with people 在和人打交道方面很有一套。

14. tactful
  adj.有才智的，机智的，机敏的；老练的
  tactfully adv.机智地

15. tactics
  n.(sing.)战术，兵法；(pl.)策略，手法
  air tactics 空中战术
  grand /minor tactics 高级/初级战术
  win by surprise tactics 出奇制胜

16. tactical
  adj.战术的；作战的；善于用策略的
  tactically adv.战术性地
  tactician n.战术家，兵法家；谋士
  the Tactical Air command 战略空军词令部（缩写：TAC）
  tactical unit 作战部队
  tactical nuclear force/command ship 战术力量/战术指挥舰
  tactical target /weapon 战备目标/战略武器
  tactical error 战略错误

17. tactile
  adj.触觉的；可触知的
  tactile organ /reflex 触觉器官/反射

18. contact
  n. 接触，联系，联络；熟人
  v.（和某人）接触，联系

19. intact
  adj.原封不动的，未受损伤的，完整无缺的（未经接触的-->完整） *in(=not)
  He lived on the interest and kept his capital intact. 他不动本金，只靠利息维持生计。

20. attain
  v.达到；成就；得到（用手碰到目标物）《at- = ad- = to》
  attainment n.达到；(pl.)学识

21. attaint
  v.羞辱；丧失公民权利或财产 n.污点（接触病菌、污物）

22. taint
  v.受感染；腐败 n.污点；腐败；堕落

23. integer
  n.整数；整体（没有被碰触-->没有被损坏）
  integral adj.必要的；整数的；积分的 n.整数；积分；完整物
  integrant adj.构成整体的 n.成分

24. integrate
  v.使完全；求 ~ 之积分
  integration n.完成；积分法
  integratity n.正直；完整

词根：stern(stren) = rigid（严格的；僵硬的；（规则、方法

  来自拉丁语的stern 意为 rigid,它的变形为stren。stern 也有chest,breast 的意思，但此种用法不多见。

同源词：

1. consternation（身体完全变硬 con<com(=intensive) + stern(=rigid)）
  n.吃惊，惊愕；惊惶失措
  Imagine my consternation at seeing three hoods with guns approaching me. 想像一下，当看到三个强盗持枪向我走来时我是多么惊惶失措。

2. stern
  adj.严格的；苛刻的，严厉的；坚定的 n.船尾
  sternly adv. 严格地
  sternness n.严格
  stern treatment /rebukes 严厉的对待/严厉的指责
  stern taskmaster /face 严厉的工头/板着的面孔
  stern looks 严厉的表情

3. sternum
  n.胸骨 *stern (=breast,chest)

4. strenuous
  adj.奋发的；艰苦的 *stren<stern(=rigid)
  make strenuous efforts 竭尽全力
  strenuous work 艰苦的工作
  strenuous workers 勤奋的工人
  lead a strenuous life 生活艰苦

词根：pict(pig) = to paint

  来自拉丁语的pict 意为to paint,它的变形为pig。

（*拉丁文pingere(=to paint)。过去分词pictus,pictura(=the part of painting,picture) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. depict（非常生动地画、描写 de(=intensive) + pict(=paint)）
  vt.描画；描写；描述
  depiction n.描画；描写，描述
  The portrait depicts a placid woman,secrure in the bosom of her family. 这幅肖像画的是一个安详的女人，她被家人紧紧搂着。

2. pictograph
  n.古代石壁画；象形文字；统计图表 *graph(=write)

3. pictorial
  adj.画的；有插图的；图示的 n.有插图的杂志、报纸、画报
  pictorial record of the wedding 记录婚礼的图片
  pictorial magazine 画报
  pictorial puzzle 画谜

4. picture
  n.图画，绘画，照片；景色；美丽如画的物（或人）；相似的形象；（生动的）描述；状况；图像，画面；(the pictures)电影 v.描述；想像
  picture frame /mounting 画框/装裱
  draw a picture 画画
  Many i take your picture ? 可以为你照张相吗？
  Do you get the picture ?你了解情况吗？

5. picturedom
  n.电影界 *dom(=house)

6. picturesque
  adj.如画的，美丽的；别具一格的；生动的，栩栩如生的 *esque (=like)
  picturesque village 美丽的乡村
  picturesque language 生动的语言
  picturesque indian 奇特的印度人

7. pigment
  n.绘画颜料，涂料；色素
  pigment cell 色素细胞

8. pigmentation
  n.染色，着色；色素沉着

词根：tra, tract(treat) = to draw（拉拽）

  来自拉丁语trahere(=to draw),过去分词tractus，意为to draw ,变形为treat。词根tract的意思与tend正好相反，在英语中，tract 直接作为名词，意思为“一片土地”，“地带”。

同源词：

1. detract（向下拉de(=down) + tract(=draw)）
  v.from + sth;sth + from + sth 降低，贬低（名声、价值等）
  detraction n.诽谤，责难；减损
  detractor n.责难者，诽谤者
  detractive adj.诽谤的，责难的
  Her excess of makeup detracts from her natural beauty. 好的浓妆有损她的自然美。

2. intractable（无法拉拽的 in(=not) + tract(=draw)）
  adj.不听话的，倔强的；难以控制的，难以驾驭的
  intractability n.难以控制
  He died at 39,a victim of an intractable cancer. 他因癌症不治而死去，终年39岁。

3. retractable（可以向后拉的re(=back) + tract(=draw)）
  adj.可以取消的，可以撤回的；伸缩自如的，可以蜷缩的，可以塞进里面的
  retract v.撤回，取消；使一下子进去
  retraction n.回收，撤回；蜷缩
  retactile adj.可以收缩的
  I bought a set of retractable awnings for all my home's windows. 我为我们家所有窗户买了一套伸缩遮阳篷。

4. entreat（在里边拉、拽 en(=in) + treat<tract (=draw)）
  vt. 恳请；乞求
  entreaty n.恳求，哀求
  entreating adj.恳求的，乞求的
  entreatingly adv.哀求地
  The policeman entreated the suspect to surrender without violence. 警察恳求请嫌疑人自首投降，不要暴力反抗。

5. maltreat（不好地拉 mal (=bad) + treat<tract(=draw)）
  vt. 虐待，粗暴地对待；滥用
  maltreatment n.虐待；滥用
  Occasionally,day care workers maltreat the children entrusted to their care. 托儿所的员工有时会粗暴地对待入托的孩子。

6. abstract
  n.摘要，摘录；抽象概念 adj.抽象的 v.抽出，提取；偷 *abs<ab(=away)
  abstracted adj.心不在焉的，发呆的
  abstractedly adv.心不在焉地，走神地
  abstract of a sermon 布道摘选
  abstract metal from ore 从矿石中提炼金属
  abstract a wallet from his pocket 从他的口袋里偷走钱包

7. abstraction
  n.抽象；抽象概念；民不在焉 *abs<ab(=away)
  with an air of abstraction 一副心不在焉的样子
  in a moment of abstraction 出神的瞬间

8. attract
  v.吸引，引起（注意、兴趣）；引诱 *at<ad(=near)
  attract attention 引起注意
  Do you feel attracted to her ? 你对她有好感吗？

9. attraction
  n.吸引力；引力；吸引人的东西 *at,ad(=near)
  attraction of a pretty girl 美女的魅力
  attractions of a big city 大都市的各种诱惑

10. attractive
  adj.吸引人的，有魅力的 *at<ad(=near)
  attractive personality 有魅力的个性
  a most attractive girl 非常吸引人的女孩
  attractive price 吸引人的价格

11. contract
  v.（使）（肌肉等）收缩；缩小，缩减；患（病）；负（债）；沾染上（不好的习惯等）；约定，订合同
  n.契约，合同；承包合同 *con<com(=together)
  contractual adj.合同（上）的
  contractible/contractile 减少的，收缩性的
  contract a muscle 使肌肉收缩
  Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷却时会收缩
  I have contracted a bad cold .我得了重感冒。
  contract with a firm for 1,000 tons of cement 与一家公司签订1,000吨水呢的销售合同
  exchange contracts 社会契约/口头/书面合同
  conditions of contract 合同条件
  contract price 约定价格
  breach of contract 违反合同
  contract marriage 协议试婚
  work on contract 按合约行事

12. contraction
  n.收缩，缩短，缩小；收缩的东西；缩略形式 *con<com(=together)
  the contraction of a muscle 肌肉收缩
 
13. contractor
  n.立契约者；承包人 *con<com(=together)
  general contractor 总承包人
  engineering contractor 工程承包人
  army contractor 军需承包商

14. extract
  v.（通常指用力）拔出；榨取（果汁等）；提取；设法得到（信息等）；（从书籍、演讲中）摘录，选用 n.提炼物，浓缩物，浓缩汁，精；摘录，选萃 *ex(=out)
  extract a tooth / a cork from the bottle /a bullet from a wound 拔牙/从瓶中拔出软木塞/从伤口处取出子弹
  extract money /information from him 设法从他那儿弄到钱/情报
  oil extracted from olives 从橄榄中提炼出油
  vanilla /beef extract 香草精/浓缩牛肉
  extract of mait 麦芽油
  exktracts from a long poem 一首长诗的摘录部分

15. extraction
  n.拔出，抽出；血统，出身 *ex(=out)
  extraction of a tooth 拔牙
  an American of South Korean extraction 韩裔美国人

16. protract
  v. 延长，拖延（时间） *pro(=forward)
  protraction n.拖延，延长
  protracted visit/argument 持久的访问/争论
  protracted meeting （在某一时间内持续的）信仰复兴布道会

17. protractor
  n.量角器，分度规

18. subtract
  v.减去，扣除 *sub (under)
  6 subtracted from 9 gives 3. 9减6等于3

19. subtraction
  n.减去，减法 *sub(=under)
  subtrahed n.减数《subtrah = aubtract = to draw;-end 名词字尾》 cf.minuend （被减数）
  Two from five is a simple subtraction. 5减2是很简单的减法。

20. tract
  n.（山林、农田等）广阔土地；[解]管；（特指涉及宗教、政治等的）小册子，短文
  wide tracts of desert in North Africa 北非广阔的沙漠地带
  digestive /respiratory tract 消化道/呼吸道
 
21. tractable
  adj.易驾驭的；易处理的

22. traction
  n.拖拉，牵引；牵引力
  electric /steam traction 电力/蒸汽牵引（力）
  traction engine 牵引机车

23. tractor
  n.拖拉机，牵引车（牵引农业机械或其他载重装备）

24. distrait
  adj.心不在焉的，精神恍惚的 *dis (=away)

25. distraught
  adj.心烦意乱的;几乎发狂的

26. entrails
  n.内脏，肠，（物体的）内部

27. entrain
  v.使（军队）上火车 *en(=into)

28. portray
  v.画，为...画像；（用语言）描写；（在戏剧中）饰演...角色 *por<pro(=forth,forward)
  portrayal n.描画；描写

29. portrait
  n.肖像（画），画像，相片；（用语时行的）描写 *por<pro(=forth,forward)
  portraitist n.肖像画家
  portraiture n.肖像画；描写

30. trace
  n.足迹，痕迹，行踪，踪迹；微量，极少量；（马车的）缰绳，挽留 v.查出...的踪迹，跟踪；探出；画轮廓；描绘；（用绘画工具）刻印；复写；（费力、细心地）写（字）；追溯，探索来由
  traceable adj.可描画的，可描摹的；可追溯的；可追踪的
  tracing n.描摹；追踪
  traces of an ancient civilization 古代文明的踪迹
  mere trace of smile 淡淡的微笑
  trace of fear 一丝恐惧
  trace element 微量元素
  Archaeologists have traced many Roman in Britain. 考古学家们在英国发掘出很多古罗马人留下的道路。
  His fear of dogs traces back to a childhood experience. 他对狗的恐惧源于他童年的经历。

31. tracer
  n.映描员，描图者；追踪者
  tracer bullet /shell 曳光弹
  tracer element 示踪元素

32. track
  n. 踪迹；小路，小劲；历程；常规；轨道
  tracked adj.限制在轨道上
  trackless adj.无足迹的
  tracker n.追捕者
  trackage n.[集合用法]铁路轨道；铁路的使用权《-age抽象名词字尾》
  tracks of a rabbit 兔子的足迹
  track through the forest 穿越森林的小径
  the beaten track 常规，惯例
  track of a comet 彗星的轨道
  off the track 离题，误入歧途
  single/double track 单轨/双轨（铁道）
  running track 跑道
  track meet 田径运动会
  track system <美>分轨制（按照成绩编班）

33. tracking
  n.移动或跟踪摄影；（利用雷达对火箭、导弹）追踪；按学生能力，成绩分组
  tracking shot （电影、电视的）移动镜头
  tracking station （对人造卫星、宇宙飞船等的）跟踪站，观测站

34. trail
  n.踪迹，痕迹；拖拽物；（彗星等的）尾巴；（去或烟雾的）一缕；裙裾；（打猎中）猎物的足迹，气味；（荒野或荒地的）小径；持枪姿势 v.拖拽;（人）拖沓而行；（使烟、云等）飘出；（发丝）垂下；追随，追踪；（藤）蔓延，（草等）蔓生；立正持枪
  vapor trails （高空中飞行的飞机留下的）雾化尾迹
  Smoke trailed from the chimney. 烟雾从烟囱里袅袅飘出。
  trail a wild animal /criminal 追踪野兽/罪犯
  roses trailing over the walls 蔓过围墙的蔷薇（藤）
  Trail arms !（军令）正立持枪！

35. trailer
  n.（运输用）拖车；（用汽车拖着的旅行用的）活动房屋；（电影、电视的）预告片

36. train
  v.教导，培训，锻炼；使对准，瞄准 n.列车，火车；列，队列；（一）连串，（一）系列；长袍（或长裙）拖地的部分，裙裾；随之而来的情况
  trainer n.（特指运动选手、塞马、马戏团动物等的）训练员,教练，教练员；驯兽员，教练机
  trainbeares n.（仪式等中）拉衣裙者
  trainee n.实习生；新兵
  a train of camels 一队骆驼
  What an unlucky train of events! 这一连串的事真不幸！
  in train 准备就绪

37. training
  n.训练
  training college 职业学院；（旧时的）师范学院
  training ship 教练舰
  go into training 投入训练

38. trait
  n.特征，特性；少许，微量
  national traits 国民性
  culture traits 文化特性
  a trait of humor 一点幽默

39. retreat
  v.（特指军队）后退，撤退；凹陷 n.后退，撤退；撤退信号；休养所；藏身处，避难处，隐退处 *re(=back)
  retreat from the front 从前线撤退
  retreating forehead 凹陷的额头
  beat a retreat 撤退
  The army was in full retreat. 军队全都撤退了。
  quiet country retreat 安静的乡村休养所
  mountain retreat 山庄
  summer retreat 避暑地

40. treatment
  n.待遇，对待；处理（方法），处置；治疗（法）
  treatment of political prisoners 政治犯的待遇
  new treatment for cancer 新的癌症治疗方法
  She is still under treatment in hospital . 她还在医院接受治疗。

41. treaty
  n.条约，协定；约定，协商
  peace / commercial treaty 和平/通商条约
  nuclear non-proliferation treaty 防止核扩散条约

42. treatise
  n.（学术）论文，专著
  treatise on racial prejudice 有关种族偏见的论文
  Two Treatises on the Civil Government （洛克的）《政府论（两篇）》）

词根：grad, gress(gred) = to go, to walk（走）

  grad和gress 为同源异形根，grad来自拉丁动词gradi 意为to go,to walk（走），step（步）或来自拉丁名词gradus,意为step（步）；gress来自gradi的动名词词干，意思跟词根grad一样。它们的变形为gred。同义词根有来自拉丁

语的ced/cess(cead,ceas),it,vad/vas 和来自希腊语的bat(bet,bit)以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的fare。

同源词：

1. degrade（使向下走 de(=down) + grad (=go)）
  vt.使降级，阶级...的地位；使堕落，降低...的品格
  degradation n.降级；堕落
  The financial scandal degraded the bank officers involved. 卷入此次金融丑闻的银行官员们都被降了级。

2. ingredient（进入某物内部 in(=in,into) + gred<grad(=go,step)）
  n.（混合物的）成分，材料；要素，要因
  Delicious homemade ice cream can be made with a few simple ingredients. 用几样简单的材料就能做出美味的家庭自制冰淇淋。

3. digress（分开走di<dis(=apart) + gress(=go,step)）
  vi. from + sth （话、文章等）离题；走向贫道
  digression n.离题，脱轨
  Tell me what happened,and don't digress the way you usually do. 告诉我发生什么事了，别像你平时那样说跑题了。

4. transgress（超过去trans(=over,across) + gress(=go)）
  vt.超过（限制、范围）；违反（法律、条约、合同）
  transgression n.违反，违法，（宗教、道德上的）罪
  transgressor n.违反者，罪人
  It's not my habit to transgress the law,but i do smoke marijuana now and then. 我不是违法成性，不过我确实偶尔会吸大麻。

5. centigrad
  adj.（温度计上）百分度的；摄氏的 *cent(=hundred)
  centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计
  thirty degrees centigrade 30摄氏度
  cf.Fahrenheit 华氏（温度计）

6. gradation
  n.阶段性变化，逐渐的变化；（发展的）阶段；层次；程度
  gradation of color in the rainbow 彩虹色彩的逐渐变化

7. grade
  n.等级；程度；（中、小学的）年级；成绩，分数；倾斜（度） v.分等级；给（答案等）评分；把（路面等）筑平
  grademark n.货品质量等级标记
  grader n. ...年级学生
  a seventh grader 七年级学生
  Grade A 最高级的，一流的
  grade school 小学
  grade teacher 小学教师
  tenth grade 十年级
  Grade Point Average （缩写：GPA）年级平均成绩，平均积分点
  graded by size 根据大小分等级

8. gradient
  n.倾斜度；坡度；斜坡
  steep gradient 陡坡

9. gradual
  adj.逐渐的，阶段性的，循序渐进的；（坡度）平缓的
  gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地
  gradualism n.渐进主义

10. graduate
  n.毕业生；学位获得者 adj.有学位的；毕业的；研究生的
  v.毕业；（在...上）标刻度；分等级；（蒸发）浓缩
  graduation n.毕业，授予学位；毕业典礼
  high school graduates 高中毕业生
  graduate school 研究生院
  Graduate Record Examination （缩写：GRE）美国研究生入党资格考试
  graduate student 研究生
  graduated ruler 标有刻度的尺子
  graduated deterrence （使用战略核武器的）渐进威慑
  graduated taxation 累进税

11. postgraduate
  adj.大学毕业后的；研究生的 n.研究生 *post(=after)
  postgraduate school <英>研究生院
  postgraduate student<英>研究生

12. undergraduate
  n.大学生（还未毕业的在校生） adj.大学生的
  undergraduate work/studies 大学生的学业
  in my undergraduate days 我上大学的时候

13. retrograde
  adj.后退的，退步的；恶化的，退化的；逆行的 v.倒退；退步，恶化 *retro(=backward)
  retrograde motion 逆行
  retrograde plolicy 倒退的政策
  retrograde cancer 退行性癌症
  in a retrograde order 倒序

14. upgrade
  v.使升级，提升；提高（产品）质量 n.增加，提高，上升；上坡
  on the upgrade 改善的，上升的

15. aggression
  n.侵略 *ag,ad(=to ,toward)
  war of aggression 侵略战争

16. aggressive
  adj.侵略性的；挑衅的，有进取心的 *ag<ad(=to,toward)
  aggressor n.侵略者，侵略国
  aggressively adv.侵略地，挑衅地
  aggressive man 积极进取的人
  aggressive weapons 进攻性武器
  a man with an aggressive disposition 一个好斗的人

17. congress
  n.代表大会；（C~）<美>国会（由the House of Representatives （众议院）和the Senate （参议院）构成）*con<com(=together)
  Congressman <美>国会议员（尤其指议员）
  Congresswoman <美>国会女议员
  the Library of Congress <美>国会图书馆
  the Congress of industrial organizations 产业工会联合会（缩写：CIO，1955年与AFL（the American Federation of Labor 美国劳工联合会）合并后改称为AFL-CIO，即美国劳联——产联）

18. congressional
  adj.议会的；（C~）美国国会的 *con<com(=together)
  congressional debates 国会辩论记录文件
  Congressional district <美>国会选区
  Congressional Record <美>国会议事录

19. egress
  n.外出；出路 *e<ex(=out)

20. ingress
  n.进入；入口；准许进入；入境 *in(=into)
  means of ingress 入口

21. progress
  n.前进，进步；进展，发展；（帝王等的）巡行，巡游 *pro(=forward)
  The Pilgrim's Progress 《天路历程》（1678年英国作家John Bunyan （约翰.班杨）的作品
  in progress 进行中
  make progress 前进；进步

22. progression
  n.进步,进展;前进，进行；[数]级数 *pro(=forward)
  in geometrical progression 以几何级数

23. progressive
  adj.（不断地）前进的，进步的；渐进的，累进的；[美史]（P ~）进步党的 n.进步政策支持者；（P~）进步党党员 *pro(=forward)
  progressivism n.进步主义，革新论
  progressively adv.进步地
  make a progressive advance 进步
  progressive taxation 累进税制

24. regress
  v.回归；逆行；退回 *re(=back)
  regression n.回归；逆行；退回

25. regressive
  adj.后退的，退化的；回归的 *re(=back)

26. retrogress
  v.后退，退化 *retro(=backward)

27. retrogression
  n.后退，退化 *retro(=backward)
  retrogressive adj.后退的,退化的

28. gravigrade
  adj.走路时步伐很重要的（走路很重）《gravi = heavy》

29. digress
  v.离题（离去）《di- = apart》
  digressive adj.离题的；技节的

词根：vac(vas) = empty（空）

  来自拉丁语的vac意为empty,它的变形为vas。同义词根有来自拉丁语的van,void以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的wan。

同源词：

1. devastate（使完全变空 de(=intensive) + vas<vac(=empty)）
  vt.蹂躏；使荒芜
  devastation n.破坏，荒芜；蹂躏
  The tornado devastated a 4-block area of the small town. 那场龙卷风使小村庄的四个街区遭到了破坏。

2. vacate（使清空vac(=empty)）
  vt. 腾出屋子，搬出；退出，让出
  vacancy n.空房，空地，空白；空虚
  vacant adj.空的；空虚的
  The school was vacated for 2 hours while the police searched for a bomb. 在警方搜寻炸弹期间，学校清场两个小时。

3. vacillate（使成空的状态vac(=empty)）
  vi.犹豫不决，摇摆，踌躇
  vacillation n.踌躇，犹豫
  During my teenage years my singing voice vacillated between baritone and tenor. 在我十几岁的时候，我的嗓音总是在男中音和男高音之间变换不定。

4. evacuate
  v.（特指军人）从...撤退；使疏散，使避难；排空（胃或肠）*e<ex(=out)
  evacuation n.撤离，撤退；疏散；排泄（物）
  evacuee n.避难民，被疏散者
  evacuate a fort 撤离要塞
  The children were evacuated to the country. 孩子们被送到乡下避难。

5. vacancy
  n.空；空间；空虚；空白；空房，空地；心不在焉（的状态）；空职，空缺；空额
  look into vacancy 失神地望着
  good vacancies for typists and clerks 优厚的打字员和办事员的空缺
  fill(up) a vacancy 填补空缺
  three vacancies in the apartment 公寓里的三间空房
  I'd like to make a reservation for tonight. Do you have any vacacies ? 我想今晚订一间房，请问还有空房吗？
 
6. vacant
  adj.空白的，空的，空着的；（时间）空闲的；（心灵）空虚的；（眼神）茫然的
  vacant space 未使用的空间
  vacant room 空房间
  vacant position 空职位
  vacant possession 空屋（或空地）的合法占有
  vacant expression/stare 茫然的表情/茫然的凝视

7. vacation
  n.（大学的）假期；（法庭的）休庭期；休假日，休假；（特指避暑、避寒等的）休假旅行；（房屋等的）空出；辞职 v.度假
  vacationist n.休假者
  on vacation 休假中
  His vacation of a good position in the Civil Service was unwise. 他辞去不错的公务员工作非明智之举。

8. vacuous
  adj.发呆的；愚蠢的；茫然的；没有意义的；漫无目的的
  vacuously adv.直愣愣地；愚蠢地
  vacuity n.心不在焉；空虚；愚蠢；空洞无聊的话（或行为）

9. vacuum
  n.真空
  vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器
  vacuum flask/bottle 保温瓶，热水瓶
  vacuum pump 真空泵，真空抽气机
  vacuum tube/valve 真空管

10. vain
  n.无效的；空虚的（没有内容的）

11. vanity
  n.空虚；虚荣（心）

12. vanish
  v.消失；消灭（变成空虚）

13. evanesce
  v. 逐渐消失（出去而消失）《e- = ex- = out》

14. evanescence
  n.逐渐消失

15. evanescent
  adj.易消散的；暂时的

16. ineviable
  adj. 不可避免的《in- = not;e- = ex- = out》
  《in(not) + 拉丁文evitare(to avoid》

17. vainglorious
  adj.自负的；虚荣心强的《vain(empty) + glor(glory) + -ious（形容词后缀）》

词根：men (mean) = to lead

  来自拉丁语的men 意为 to lead，它的变形为mean。同义词根有来自拉丁语的duct/duc(du) 以及来自希腊语的agog。此外，意为to drive 的来自拉丁语的ag/ig/act /plus(peal)等也具有近似的含义。

同源词：

1. demeanor（很好地引导自己de(=intensive) + mean<men(=lead)）
  n.举动，行为
  demean v.使表现；贬低...的身份
  Her professional demeanor is reserved and cultured. 她工作时言语矜持，举止文雅。

2. misdemeanor
  n.轻罪 *mis(=bad) ,de(=down) ,mean<men(=lead)

3. amenable
  adj.顺从的；对...负有义务（或责任）的；经得起检验的 *a<ad(=to)
  amenable to kindness / advice /reason/flattery 易受好意感动的/能听从劝告的/通情达理的/易为吹捧所动的
  amenable to the law 服从法律的

4. commence
  v.开始，着手 *com(=together,with)（请注意：这里的com是一个前缀，要与词根com区分开来）
  The performance will commence soon. 演出马上就要开始了
  commence studying political science 开始学习政治学

5. commencement
  n.开始，开端；（大学等的）毕业典礼；学位授予仪式 *com(=together,with)
  The commencement ceremony was held on May 20,1990. 毕业典礼于1990年5月20日举行。
  Thirtieth Commencement 第30届毕业典礼

6. promenade
  n.散布，漫步；骑马；散步场所，海滨人行道；（大学、高中等的）舞会（也作prom）
  v.散步；带（某人）散步 *pro(=forward,forth)
  promenade concert （听众站立或走动着听的）散步音乐会
  promenade deck 散步甲板（供一等舱乘客使用）
  Senior Prom 毕业班舞会
  promenade his wife along the sea-front 带着他的妻子在滨海区散步

词根：lec ( let , lic, lig) = to entice

  来自拉丁语的lec意为to entice,它的变形为let,lic,lig等。

同源词：

1. delectable（引诱、唆使分离出来的 de (=away,from) + lec(=entice)）
  adj.令人愉快的，使人高兴的，宜人的；好吃的
  delectation n.愉快
  The smoked salmon was absolutely delectable. 熏鲑鱼真是美味可口。

2. dilettante
  n.（艺术等的）一知半解者，业余艺术爱好者 *di<dis(=away,from) ,let,lec(=entice)
 
3. delicate
  adj.微妙的，需要小心处理的；柔软的；纤弱的；精致的，精巧的；易损坏的；（光线）柔和的；（感觉）敏锐的，敏感的；（仪器）精密的；（食物）清淡的；鲜美的 *di<dis(=away,from) ,let,lec(=entice)
  delicate situation/question 微妙的事态/棘手的问题
  delicate skin of a young girl 小女孩柔嫩的肌肤
  delicate workmanship 精巧的工艺
  delicate china 易碎的瓷器
  delicate child 娇弱的孩子
  delicate shade of pink 浅粉色
  delicate sense of smell/touch 敏感的嗅觉/触觉
  delicate instruments needed by scientists 科学家们所需的精密仪器
  delicate food 美味的食物

4. delicacy
  n.精致，精美；优雅；敏感；微妙；棘手；柔软；（身体）纤弱；美味，佳肴
  the delicacy of her features 她容貌的优雅
  The political situation is one of great delicacy. 政局是最微妙的情形的之一。
  of extreme delicacy 非常棘手的
  all the delicacies of the season 该季节的所有美味
  table delicacies 各种美味、精美的食物

5. delicatessen
  n.（出售自己做好的肉、沙拉、熏鱼、香肠、罐头等的）熟食店（在美国多被称做deli)

6. delicious
  adj.美味的，香喷喷的；妙的，有趣的
  delicious cake 美味的蛋糕
  Sounds delicious 听起来不错
  delicious moment 愉快的瞬间
  What a delicious joke! 多么有趣的笑话！

7. delight
  n.快乐，高兴；乐事，乐趣 v.使人高兴

8. delighted
  adj. 高兴的
  I'm delighted to see you. 很高兴见到您。

9. delightful
  adj. 快乐的；高兴的
  delightful holiday 愉快的假期

词根：linqu ( lic, lict) = to leave

  来自拉丁语的linqu 意为 to leave,它的变形为lic,lict。同义词根有来自拉丁语的lip。

同源词：

1. delinquent（从某物上分离出去 de(=away) + linqu(=leave)）
  adj.失职；怠慢的；违法的；有过失的，有罪过的；拖欠的
  n.违法者；罪犯（尤其指少年犯）
  delinquency n.懈怠；过失；少年犯罪；违法
  The power got shut off because i've been delinquent in paying the electric bill. 我拖欠了电费，所以断电了。

2. derelict（完全置后de(=intensive) + re(=back) + lict<linqu(=leave)）
  adj.被抛弃的，被遗弃的；荒废的；破败的；玩忽职守的
  n.被社会遗弃的人，流浪汉；玩忽职守者；遗弃物；在海上被遗弃的船只
  dereliction n.遗弃；玩忽职守
  The family farm where i grew up is now a derelict ruin .我在家里的农场上长大，如今那里已经成为一片被遗弃的废墟。

3. relinquish
  v.放弃，抛弃；让与 *re(=back)
  relinquish a hope/shares to a partner 放弃希望/把股份让给合作伙伴

4. relic
  n.圣骨，圣徒遗物；（风俗、信仰等的）残余；遗物；遗迹 *re(=back),lic<linqu(=leave)
  relics of antiquity 古代的遗风
  relics of superstition 迷信的残余
  cultural relics 文化遗迹

5. relic
  n.遗孀，寡妇 *re(=back) ,lict<linqu(=leave)
  Alice,relict of Arthur Williams 阿瑟.威廉斯的遗孀艾丽斯

词根：cret, cern(creet, cre) = to observe（观察）to sift（筛选）

  cret,cern为同源异形根，来自拉丁语的cernere意为to observe,to sift,to separate,cern是不定式词干，常构成动词，cert是动名词词干，多出现于名词或形容词，它们的变形为creet ,cre。此外，意为to grow ,to increase的

cre,cru与这两词根的形态相似，注意不要混淆。

同源词：

1. discretion （分别观察 dis(=apart) + cret (=observe,separate)
  n.慎重；判断力；决定或行动的自由
  discretionary adj.任意的，自由决定的
  It's important to use discretion when disciplining an underperforming employee. 在处罚工作表现不佳的职员时慎重考虑是非常重要的。

2. discern（分别切开使分开dis(=apart) + cern(=separate)）
  vt. 分辨，识别；察觉出
  discernment n.洞察；识别
  discerning adj.有辨别力的
  discernible adj.可辨别的
  You can barely discern the white fences in the snow banks. 在雪堆中很难看出哪里是白栅栏。

3. discreet（个别分出）*dis(=apart),creet<cret(=separate,observe)
  adj.谨慎的，慎重的，深思熟虑的
  maintain a discreet silence 谨慎地保持沉默

4. discrete
  adj.分离的；不连续的 （一个二个地分开）*dis(=away)

5. decree
  n.法令；命令；判决；天使
  v.颁布；注定
  *de(=apart,away),cre<cret(=observe)
  issue a decree 颁布一项法令

6. excrement
  n.排泄物；(pl.)烘便，肥料 *ex(=out),cre<cret(=separate)

7. excreta
  n.排泄物；分泌物；（特指）粪便 *ex(=out)

8. secret
  n.秘密；机密（to secret（绝密，高密），secret（一级机密，机密），confidential（二级机密，秘密），restricted （三级机密，受限）；秘方；秘诀；奥妙，神秘
  adj.秘密的，不为人所知的；（地点）偏僻的，隐蔽的 *se(=away,apart)
  secret police 秘密警察

9. secrecy
  n.秘密（性）；保密，守口如瓶 *se(=away,apart),cre<cret(=observe,separate)
  promise secrecy 承诺保密

10. secrete
  v.分泌；躲藏，隐藏，隐匿 *se(=away,apart)
  secrete cell 分泌细胞

11. secretion
  n.分泌（作用）；分泌物（如唾液、胆汁等）；藏匿，隐藏 *se(=away ,apart)
  secretion of stolen goods 藏匿偷来的赃物

12. secretive
  adj.隐藏的；（对自己的想法、感情、意图等）遮遮掩掩的 *se(=away,apart)

13. secretary（拆开便可知它是由se- 分离 + cert 筛选 + ary 人 -->分先的人。这是从秘书把重要物品、消息隔离，不让众人接触的含义引申而来。）
  n.秘书；书记；干事；<美>部长 *se(=away,apart)
  Secretary Gengeral （联合国等大型机构的）秘书长
  Secretary of State <英>国务大臣；<美>国务卿

14. secretarial
  adj.秘书的，书记的；秘收（或书记）工作的 *se(=away,apart)
  secretarial duties/colleges 秘书的职责/文秘学校

15. secretariat
  n.秘收处，书记处 *se(=away,apart)
  get a position on the secretartiat of UNO in New York .在纽约联合国秘书处谋求一个位置

16. concern
  v.涉及；关心；（使某人）担忧，担心 n.关系；重要的事；商行；利害关系；担心，忧虑 *con<com(=together,intensive)
  so/as far as i am concerned 关于我，至于我，就我而言
  To whom it may concern （用做正式信件的开头）敬启者

17. concerned
  adj.担心的，忧虑的；有关的，相关的 *con<com(=together,intensive)
  with a concerned look 一副担忧的表情
  the authorities concerned 有关当局
  the parties concerned 有关方

18. concerning
  prep. 关于... *con<com(=together,intensive)
  concerning the matter 关于那件事

词根：cred(creed, cre) = to believe, to trust(相信)

  来自拉丁语的credere 意为to believe,to trust,它的变形为creed和cre。同义词根有来自拉丁语的fid(fi,fy,feder,feal)以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的tru(tro)等。

  unbelievable和incredible 都指“难以置信的”，区别是believe 来源于德语glauben （相信），源自对神的相信进入希腊语演变为gelefan,又变形为belefan,后进入西班牙语最后又演变成了believe,所以，believe是指心理上没有

怀疑地接受，比较主观，而credible和管理、金钱或工作作风等背景有关。

同源词：

1. discredit（不相信dis(=not) + cred(=believe)）
  vt. 使不足信；使丢脸
  n.信用的丧失；名声的败坏
  discreditable adj.有损信用的；丢脸的
  discreditably adv. 丢脸地
  Press leaks designed to discredit the senator appeared in morining newspapers. 为破坏那个参议员的声誉而由报界泄露的秘密被登在了早报上。

2. credibility（可以信赖 cred(=trust)）
  n.可信性
  credible adj.可信的
  credibly adv.可信地
  The credibility of a witness who testifies at trial is key. 出庭作证的人可信度很得要。

3. credulous（信赖的cred(=trust)）
  adj.轻信的；易受骗的
  credulity n.轻信，易受骗
  My mother's so credulous that she believes the car dealer is on her side. 我妈妈是如此轻信别人，以至于相信汽车销售员是站在她这一边的。

4. accredit
  v.任命，派出（使节）；（政府等）认可，承认（资格等）；鉴定...为合格 *ac<ad(=to)
  accredited school 经鉴定合格的学校
  accredited law schools 经鉴定合格的法学院

5. credence
  n.相信；凭证
  give/attach credence to 相信（传闻或别人的话等）
  a letter of credence 证明信

6. credential
  n.(pl.)证明书，证件；文凭；（大使递交的）国书
  His credentials were so satisfactory that he was given the post of manager. 他的文凭很令人满意，这使他获得了经理的职位。
  present one's credentials （大使等）递交国书
  credentials committee 资格审查委员会

7. incredible
  adj.难以置信的，惊人的，不可思议的 *in(=not)
  incredibly adv. 难以置信地
  incredible cost 惊人的费用
 
8. credit
  n.（赊账或交易的）信用；名誉，信誉；（银行等的）贷款（金）；贷方（<-->debit 借方）；（某科目的）（所修）学分；荣誉；赞扬
  v.信赖；把（金额）记人贷方；给（学生）记学分
  credit standing 债务偿付能力，信誉
  credit rating 信誉评价，信用等级
  letter of credit 信用证（缩写：L/C）
  credit inquiry 信用调查
  a man of the highest credit 名望最高的人

9. creditable
  adj.可信的，名誉好的；值得赞许的
  creditably adv.值得称赞地，有好名声地
  creditable attempt 值得赞许的尝试

10. creditor
  n.贷方，债权人（<-->debtor 借方，债务人）
  run away from one's creditors 为躲避债权人而逃跑

11. credo
  n.信条；（the Credo）信经

12. incredulous
  adj.不相信的，怀疑的 *in (=not)

13. creed
  n.宗教信条；教义 *creed<cred(=believe)
  the (Apostles')Creed （使徒）信经

14. miscreant
  n.恶棍，歹徙 *mis(=bad),cre<cred(=believe)

15. recreant
  adj.怯懦的；不忠的，背叛的 n.懦夫；背叛者 *re(=back),cre<cred(=believe)
  recreant lover 不忠的恋人

词根：min(men) = to hang, to project（突出）

  来自拉丁语的min 意为to project,to hang,它的变形为men。此外，来自拉丁语的minutus 的min 也有small 之意，注意不要混淆。

 （*拉丁文minere(=to jut,to project)。 —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. diminish（使分离后变小di<dis(=apart) + min(=small)）
  v.缩小；（使）减少
  diminution n.减小，缩小
  diminutive adj.微小的；(n.)表示“小”的词缀
  After an initial burst of fame,public interest normally diminishes in teen pop idols. 几十岁的偶像歌手们在初期红极一时之后，大众对他们的关注一般都会减少。

2. eminent（向外突出的e<ex(=out) + min(=project,hang)）
  adj.著名的；出众的；明显的；高耸的
  eminence n.著名，卓越
  eminently adv.出众地；明显地
  My grandfather was an eminent physician in this community. 我爷爷是这个社区有名的内科医生。

3. preeminent（之前向外突出的pre(=before) + e<ex(=out) + min(=project)）
  adj.优秀的，出类拔萃的，卓越的
  preeminence n.杰出，卓越，超群
  Ms.Barns is the preeminent attorney in this city. 巴思斯夫人是本市的优秀律师。

4. imminent（悬挂在某物上的im<in(=on) + min(=hang,project)）
  adj.紧急的；迫切的
  imminence n.紧迫，迫近
  imminently adv.迫切地，迫近地
  I'll wait and buy it later because their clearance sale is imminent. 因为他们马上就要清仓甩卖，所以我决定晚些时候再买那个东西。

5. prominent（向前突出的pro(=forth) + min(=project)）
  adj.显眼的，显著的；卓越的，著名的；突出的，突起的
  prominence n.突出，显著；卓越；著名
  My uncle is a prominent member of the city council. 我的叔叔是著名的市议会议员。

6. menace
  n.威胁，恐吓；极端讨厌的人或物
  v.威胁 *men<min(=project)
  menace to world peace 对世界和平的威胁
  That woman is a menace 那个女人真讨厌！
  countries menaced by war 受到战争威胁的国家

7. diminuendo
  n.[音]渐弱 *di<dis(=apart),min(=small)
  sudden diminuendo 突然渐弱

8. administer
  v.管理；执行（法令、仪式）；提供；执行管理/处理（遗产）职责 *ad(=to),min(=small)
  administer the affairs of state 管理国家事务
  administer the law 执法
  administer medicine to him 给他服药

9. administration
  n.管理，经营；行政；行政机关，政府；管理部门，行政部门；（法律的）执行；用药；（多写做A~)行政机关，政府 *ad(=to),min(=small)
  University Administration 大学行政部门
  Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士
  Bush Administration 布什政府
  civil/military administration 民政/军政

10. administrative
  adj.管理的；行政（上的）的 *ad(=to),min(=small)
  administrative law 行政法

11. administrator
  n.管理者；（有能力的）行政人员；财产管理人 *ad(=to),min(=small)

12. miniature
  n.缩略，缩样，模型；（特指在象牙、高级皮革上绘制的）微型人像画；微型绘画术
  adj.小型的；微型的 *min(=small)
  miniaturist n.微型图画绘制者，微画家
  in miniature 小规模地
  miniature camera （使用35毫米以下胶卷的）小型照相机
  miniature railway （游乐场的）迷你铁道

13. minimal
  adj.最小的；最小限度的 *min(=small)
  minimal art 微型艺术（用最小限度的造型手段制作的绘画或雕塑）
  minimize an accident 轻视事故

14. minimum
  adj.最小；最小量；最低限度 adj.最小量的；最低限度的 *min(=small)
  minimum temperature 最低温度
  minimum wage 最低工资

15. minion
  n.走狗，奴才 *min(=small)
  minions of the law 法律的忠仆（狱卒、警察等）
  minion of fortune 幸运儿
  Japanese minion 日本的走狗

16. minister
  n.部长（在美语中用secretary）；大臣；公使；（特指长老教、非国教派的）神职人员，牧师 v.帮助；照料 *ster(=person who),min(=small)
  ministerial duties 部长的职责
  ministerial benches 执政党阁员的席位
  the Ministerial Council of NATO 北约部长理事会

17. ministrant
  adj.协助的；服务的 n.服侍者；协助者 *min(=small)

18. ministration
  n.举行宗教仪式；服务，帮助 *min(=small)

19. ministry
  n.（政府的）部（在美语中用department);(the~)[总称]神职人员（牧师等）；神职人员的职务、任期 *min(=small)
  Ministry of Finance 财政部
  enter the ministry 当神职人员（牧师等）

20. minnow
  n.米诺鱼，鲤科淡水鱼 *min(=small)
  a triton among the minnows 鹤立鸡群
  throw out a minnow to catch a whale. 舍小鱼钓大鱼

21. minor
  adj.较小的；次要的；[音]小音阶的，小调的；（大学的）辅修的
  n.未成年人；（大学的）辅修科目 v.辅修 *min(=small)
  minor official 小公务员
  minor injuries/faults 轻伤/轻微过失
  minor offense 轻罪
  minor planets 小行星

22. minority
  n.少数；少数派；少数党；少数民族；未成年 *min(=small)
  minority group  （人种、国籍、宗教中的）少数派
  minority leader /whip 少数派党领袖/少数党督导
  minority problem 少数民族问题
  minority party 少数党

23. minus
  prep. 减去；失去，没有 adj.负的；阴极的；没有的，欠缺的，不足的 n.负号；负数 *min(=small)
  7 minus 3 is 4. 7减3等于4
  come back from the battle minus a leg 从战场上回来少了一条腿
  a book minus its cover 一本没了封皮的书

24. minuscule
  adj.非常小的 min(=small),cule(=small)

25. minute
  adj.微小的；详细的；精密的；快熟的 n.（时间的）分；（角度的）分；备忘录；(pl.)会议记录 v.将...记入议事录；将...记入备忘录 *min(=small)
  minutely adv.微小地；详细地；精密地
  minute particles of gold dust 金粉的微粒子
  minute difference 微小的差异
  minute description 详细的描述
  minute observer 细心的观察者
  minute hand 钟表的分针
  Just a minute 等一下
  37 degrees 30 minutes 37度30分
  minute book 会议记录
  minute pudding 快熟布丁

26. minutiae
  n.细节；琐事 *min(=small)

27. mince
  v. 剁（肉等），切碎；矫揉造作地说 n.碎肉，肉末 *min(=small)
  mincer n.碎肉机
  minced meat 碎肉
  mince pie 肉馅饼

28. mincing
  adj.装腔作势的，矫揉造作的
  affected,mincing young girl 装腔作势的小女孩
  take mincing steps 迈着做作的步子
 
29. supereminent
  adj.出类拔萃的；特别崇高的（更加突出）《super- = over》

30. supereminence
  n.出类拔萃；崇高

词根：fid (fi, fy, feder , feal) = to trust

  来自拉丁语的fid意为to trust ,它的变形为fi,fy,feder,feal等。同义词根有来自拉丁语的cred和来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的tru(tro)。

  （*拉丁文fidere(=to trust),fides(=faith) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. diffident（不相信的dif<dis(=not) + fid(=trust)）
  adj.不相信自己的能力的；缺乏自信的；羞怯的
  diffidence n.缺少自信；羞怯
  diffidently adv. 羞怯地；缺乏自信地
  The young boy's diffident manner made me want to mother him. 看到那个男孩羞怯的样子，我很想像妈妈一样照顾他。

2. fidelity（令人信赖fid(=trust)）
  n.忠实，忠诚；准确，精密
  I have seven dogs,and they show me more fidelity than any human ever did. 我养了七条狗，它们对我比任何人都忠诚。

3. perfidious（利用信任来欺骗的或者假装信任的per(=through,falsely) + fid(=trust)）
  adj.背信弃义的；不诚实的
  perfidy n.不义，不忠，背叛
  The perfidious fiend gained my confidence and then stole my wallet! 那个背信弃义的恶魔般的人在获取了我的信任后偷走了我的钱包！

4. confide
  v.吐露（秘密等）；托付，委托（事情、责任）；信赖 *con<com(=completely)
  confiding adj.易于信任别人的

5. confidence
  n.（对他人的）信任，信赖；自信，确信；私房话，秘密 *con<com(=completely)
  vote of (no) confidence （不）信任票
  vith confidence 充满自信地
  in strict confidence 绝对保密地，绝密地
  confidence man 骗子

6. confident
  adj.确信的；有信心的；自负的 *con<com(=completely)
  confidently adv.自信地
  confident smile 充满自信的微笑

7. confidential
  adj.机密的，秘密的；可信的；（人）表示信任的；易于信任他人的 *con<com(=completely)
  confidential documents 机密文件
  strictly confidential 绝密
  confidential inquiry 秘密调查

8. confidant
  n.（能够敞开胸襟吐露秘密，尤其是爱情问题的）知已 *con<com(=completely)
  confidante (confidant 的阴性词)

9. infidel
  n.无宗教信仰的人；异教徒
  adj.无宗教信仰的；异教徒的 *in(=not)
  infidel contempt for sacred places 异教徒对圣城的蔑视

10. infidelity
  n.背信弃义；不忠；无宗教信仰 *in(=not)
  conjugal infidelity 通奸

11. affidavit
  n.（可采作证据的）宣誓书 *af<ad(=to)
  affidavit of support 资助宣誓书
  swear /make/take an affidavit 立下宣誓书

12. bona fide
  adj./adv.真实的（地）；真诚的（地）；守信的（地） *bon(=good)
  bona fides  善意；真实
  bona fide buyer 有诚意的买家
  bona fide student 真诚的学生

13. defy
  v.挑战，挑衅，公然反抗（权威等）；藐视（竞争、攻击等）；使不能 *de(=away),fy<fid(=trust)
  I defy you to do so. 我倒要看看你能不能这么做。
  defy competition 藐视竞争

14. defiance
  n.挑战；抵抗，反抗；藐视 *de(=away),fi<fid(=trust)
  act in defiance of orders 无视生命而行动
  set the public opinion at defiance 蔑视舆论

15. defiant
  adj.挑战；反叛的 *de(=away),fi<fid(=trust)
 
16. affiance
  v.[常用被动语态]使订婚 *af<ad(=to ,near),fi<fid(=trust)

17. fiancé
  n.未婚夫 *fi<fid(=trust)
  fiancée n.未婚妻

18. confederate
  adj.结为同盟的，联合的；(c~)（美国南北战争时）南部联邦的 n.同盟者，同盟军；同谋
  v.和...结成同盟；使联合 *con<com(=together)
  confederate States of America 美国南部邦联（美国南北战争时期从合众国中分离出来的南部11个州）

19. confederacy
  n.（国家、政党、人的）联合，同盟；同盟国，联邦 *con<com(=together)
  Southern Confederacy 南部联邦

20. confederation
  n.同盟，联合；同盟国，联盟国；联邦；美利坚殖民地同盟（1781-1789年的美国13州邦盟）*con<com(=together)

21. federal
  adj.联邦（制）的；联邦政府的；支持联邦政府的
  federalism n.联邦主义（制度）；(F~)联邦党的主义（主张）
  federalist n.联邦主义者；(F~)联邦党党员
  Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局（缩写：FBI）
  Federal government 联邦（中央）政府
  Federal Reserve Bank （美国）联邦储备银行

22. federation
  n.（协会、工会等的）联合，联盟，同盟；联邦制；联邦政府

23. federate
  v.（国家、社会、团体）结成联邦，结成同盟

24. fealty
  n.（对领主的）忠诚

词根：vulg (mulg) = people

  来自拉丁语的vulg 意为people ,它的变形为mulg。 同义词根有来自拉丁语的popul(publ),pleb和来自希腊语的demo,以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的la等。此外，意为man （人类、人）的anthroo/man ，意为hom,man （男人）的andr/mascul/vir,以及意为woman （女人）的femin/gyn/virg等词根也与其意思相近。

同源词：

1. divulge（从秘密状态中脱离告知人们di<dis(=apart,away) + vulg(=people)）
  vt.泄露，透露
  divulgence n.泄露
  The journalist divulged the troop's location ,infuriating the general. 记者泄露了军队的位置，使将军勃然大怒。

2. promulgate（使站到众人面前pro(=forth) + mulg<vulg(=people)）
  vt. 发布（命令、新法等），公布；散布（信仰、知识、舆论、秘密等），传播
  promulgation n. 颂布，公布；普及，宣传
  The water commission promulgated several new regulations to reduce pollution. 水资源委员会颁布了几项减少污染的新条例。

3. vulgar
  adj.精俗的，缺少教养的；庸俗的；通俗的；大众的
  vulgarism n.粗话，下流话；下流的行为；下流
  vulgarity n.粗俗行为；下流行为
  vulgarize v. 使粗俗；使通化
  vulgar language/behavior /ideas 下流话/下流的行为/庸俗的想法
  vulgar mind （有）粗俗的想法（的人）
  vulgar display of wealth 俗不可耐的对财富的炫耀

4. vulgarian
  n.俗物；俗人，俗不可耐的暴发户 *arian (=person who)

词根：clin(cli) = to bend（弯曲）

  来自拉丁语的clin 意为to bend,它的变形为cli。同义词根有来自拉丁语的cliv,flect/flex,cumb/cub和来自央格鲁-撒克逊语的croach(croch,crouch,crotch,crutch,crook)。

  （*拉丁文clinare(=to bend,to lean) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. disinclined（对某事不屈身的dis(=not) + in(=no) + clin(=bend)）
  adj.不愿意做...的
  disincline v.不想做...
  disinclination n.不情愿,厌恶
  Despite natural musical gifts,our son is disinclined to practice the piano. 我儿子虽然有音乐天赋，但是却很不愿意练习钢琴。

2. inclined
  adj.想要做...的，有...倾向的；倾斜的 *in(=no)

3. incline
  v.（使）倾向于，（使）倾斜；俯首，低头；使愿意，使想要；有...倾向；(~to,towards)易于
  n.倾斜；斜面 *in(=in)

4. inclination
  n.倾斜；弯曲；点头；趋向，意向；倾向；爱好 *in(=on)
  inclination of the head 点头（打招乎）

5. decline
  v.婉拒，谢绝；减少，衰退，下跌；倾斜，（太阳）下沉 n.衰退，衰弱；晚期；倾斜 *de(=down)
  decline an offer / an invitation to dinner 婉拒提议/谢绝晚餐邀请
  The sun declines towards the west. 太阳西沉。
  the decline of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的没落
 
6. declining
  adj.倾斜的；衰退中的 *de(=down)
  declining birthrate /fortune /sales 下降的出生率/衰运/减少的销售额
  spend his declining years in Geoje island 在巨济岛上度过的晚年

7. declination
  n.（指南针的）偏差；下倾 *de(=down)

8. recline
  v.（使）倾倚；靠着躺，（~on)倚靠 *re(=back)
  reclining chair 活动靠背扶手椅，躺椅
  recline on a couch 斜靠在长椅上
  recline his head on a pillow 将头斜靠在枕头上

9. clinch
  v.敲弯（钉尖）；结束（合约、讨论），了结；（拳击中）扭住对手；用臂互抱，（热烈地）拥抱 n.敲弯；用臂互抱，热烈拥抱
  clincher n.敲弯钉尖的工具；紧钳，夹子；决定性的观点

10. clinic
  n.（上临床课的）医院，（上临床课的）讲习所（培训班）；诊所，诊室；临床课；会诊
  Dr.King's eye clinic 金大夫眼科门诊
  fee /birth-control /ante-natal/abortion clinic 免费诊所/节有诊所/产前诊所/堕胎诊所

11. clinical
  adj.临床的；临床课的；病房的；诊所的；客观的
  clinical pathology /psychology /diary 临床病理学/临床心理学/病房日志
  clinical thermometer 体温计
  clinical judgment 客观的判断

12. client
  n.诉讼（辩护）委托人；（商店的）顾客，常客；受保护者 *cli<clin(=bend),ent(=person who)
  a successful lawyer with hundreds of clients 拥有数百名委托人的成功律师
  client state 附属国
 
13. clientele
  n.[总称]委托人；（饭店、酒吧、剧院等的）主顾，常客；受保护者；扈从 *cli<clin(=bend)

14. acclivous
  adj.斜坡的；向上倾斜的（向上弯曲）《ac- = ad- =to ,up》

15. acclivity
  n.向上的斜坡

16. proclivity
  n.癖性；倾向；脾气

17. climax
  n.顶点；极点；高潮《cli = clin(to bend) + max(largest)》

词根：cur, curs ( cor, cour, cours, coars) = to run

  来自拉丁语的cur,curs 意为to run ,它们的变形为cor,cour,cours,coars。同义词根有来自拉丁语的lop,来自希腊语的drom,以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的run。此外，还有意为vehicle 的car/char等。

  （*拉丁文currere(=to run) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. discursive（分开跑的dis(=apart) + curs(=run)）
  adj.（人） 言行散漫的，不得要领的；离题的；推论的
  discursiveness n.散漫，不得要领
  discursively adv.散漫地
  He gave a discursive speech,difficult to follow. 他说的话东拉西扯，让人难以理解。

2. concur（一起跑con<com(=together) + cur(=run)）
  vi. with + sb;in + sth 同意，一致；同时发生；合作
  concurrence n.同意，一致；合作；同时发生
  concurrent adj.同时发生的；合作的；一致的
  concurrently adv.同时地
  I concur with my parents that illegal drugs carry many risks. 我同意我父母关于非法药品带有很大风险的意见。

3. precursor（事先、首先跑pre(=before) + curs(=run)）
  n.预先，预兆；先驱者，先觉者；前往
  precursory adj.先驱的；先觉的；预备的
  It has been said the Poe's novels were precursors to the modern detective novel. 坡的小说被认为是现代侦探小说的先驱。

4. cursory（仿佛跑似的curs(=run)）
  adj.（做事、阅读等）草率的，匆匆忙忙的，精略的
  The customs agent gave only a cursory glance at our luggage. 海关人员是草草地看了一眼我们的行李。

5. recourse（向后跑re(=back) + cours<curs(=run)）
  n.依靠，依赖；求助对象
  The condemned man had no legal recourse left to him and was executed. 那个死刑囚犯没有任何法律求助途径，最终被处死。

6. extracurricular
  adj.课外的 *extra(=outside)
  extracurricular activities 课外活动

7. incur
  v.招致，带来；背负（债务），蒙受（损失），遭受 *in(=into)
  incur debts/hatred/great expense/danger/displeasure 负债/招致仇恨/花费大量经费/招致危险/触犯，得罪

8. occur
  v. 出现，发生；（在心中）浮现；存在；被发现 *oc<ob(=to)
  An idea has occurred to me. 我有了一个主意。
  It occurred to me that~ 我想到...

9. occurrence
  n.发生的事情、事件；出现，发生 *oc<ob(=to)
  happy occurrence 喜事

10. recur
  v.再发生，复发；回归，重新浮上心头，重新忆起 *re(=again)
  problem which recurs periodically 定期反复出现的问题

11. recurrence
  n.重新想起；复起，反复 *re(=again)
  frequent recurrence of these headaches 这样的头疼的频繁复发

12. recurrent
  adj.定期（频繁）重复的；复发的，周期性的 *re(=again)
  recurrent expenses 定期开支
  recurrent fever 回归热

13. undercurrent
  n.底线，潜流；（不浮于表面的思想、感情等的）暗流 *under(=under)
  undercurrent of opposition /melancholy 潜在的敌对/潜在的忧郁

14. curriculum
  n.（学校、大学等）课程
  curriculum vitae 履历

15. currish
  adj.下贱的

16. current
  adj.通用的，现行的；现在的，正在进行的；流通的 n.（电、水、气等的）流；（时间、舆论、思想等的）潮流，倾向，趋势
  currently adv.通常地，普遍地；现在，目前
  current money 通用货币
  current news 时事新闻
  go (swim)with(against) the current (of the times) 随波逐流（反潮流）
  the current of time (the times) 潮流，时代潮流
  air currents 气流

17. currency
  n.通货，货币；流通，通用；流行，普及
  gold/paper currency 金币/纸币
  foreign currencies 外币
  currency circulation 货币流通
  Many slang words have short currency. 很多俚语的流行时间都非常短。

18. courier
  n.送快信、外交信件的信使；（旅行社的）导游，向导 *cour<cur(=run),ier(=person who)
  act as a diplomatic courier bringing an important message from the president for the new premier 以外交信使的身份向新任首相传达总统的重要信息

19. succour
  n.（困难时的）援助，救助 v.帮助（困难的人），援助 *suc<sub(=under),cor<cur(-run)

20. corridor
  n.走廊，回廊 *cor<cur(=run)
  corridors of power 权力走廊；暗中左右决策的权力中心
  Polish Corridor 波兰走廊
 
21. excursion
  n.远足，短程旅行 *ex(=out)
  excursionist n.运足者；短程旅行者
  make an excursion to the mountain 去大山中运足

22. incursion
  n.（多指非永久占领的）袭击，侵犯，入侵 *in(=into)
  the Danish incursions on our coasts in early times 早期丹麦人对我们（英国）海岸的入侵

23. cursive
  adj.（笔迹）草书的，草书体的

24. curse
  v.诅咒，咒骂；(be cursed with)使因...而遭难
  n.诅咒，咒骂；祸因，祸根；被诅咒的东西；(the ~)月经
  cursed adj.被诅咒的；可恶的，可惜的
  curse at a fate 诅咒命运

25. course
  n.进程；道路；（赛跑、比赛的）跑道；进展，趋势；（行动的）方针，（行动的）方向；（边续的）课，（党校伯）课程，（大学的）科目；单位；讲座；（吃饭时按顺序端上来的一道道的）菜
  v.以犬（灰狗）狩猎（特别是野兔）；（快速移动地）穿过；（液体的）流动 *cours<curs(=run)
  coursing n.带着猎犬打猎（野兔）
  courser n.猎狗；骏马
  in due course 在今后适当的时候
  a matter of course 理所当然之事，必然的结果
  stay the course 坚持到底，不放弃
  graduate course 研究生课程
  a dinner of six courses 六道菜品（一般包括汤、鱼、肉、糖果、奶酪、甜点）
  main course 主菜
  Tears coursed down her cheeks. 泪水滑过她的脸颊。

26. concourse
  n.（物品或人等的）集合；合流；集合场所；（站、机场、会馆等的）中央大厅，中央广场 *con<com(=together),cours<curs(=run)
  unforeseen concourse of circumstances 未能预料到的各种情况的同时发生
 
27. intercourse
  n.（个人间的）交往；（人、国家间的）往来；（意见等的）交换；性交 *inter(=between),cours<curs(=run)
  social /sexual intercourse 社交/性交
  our commercial intercourse with the Soviet Union 我国与前苏联的贸易往来

28. coarse
  adj.粗劣的；（布、网等）质地粗糙的；粗俗的，下流的 *coars<curs(=run)
  coarse food 粗粮
  coarse joke 低价的笑话

29. decurrent
  adj.（叶等）从茎下部向上生长的《de- = down》

30. transcurrent
  adj.横亘的；横贯的《trans- = across》

词根：tort(tor) = to twist（卷缩）

  来自拉丁语的tort 意为to twist,它的变形为tor。

  （*拉丁文torquere(=twist) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. distortion（用力拧dis(=intensive) + tort(=twist)
  n.曲解，歪曲；变形，扭曲
  distort v.歪曲，使变形
  distorted adj.歪曲的
  What he says is a distortion of the truth. 他的话是对事实的歪曲。

2. extort（扭曲使出来ex(=out) + tort (=twist)）
  vt. sth + from + sb 敲诈，强求，逼取；强夺，强取
  extortion n.强求，强夺；勒索钱财
  extortionate adj.勒索的；强求的
  The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband's debt. 黑手党成员微个老寡妇勒索钱财以偿还她丈夫的债务。

3. tortuous（扭曲的tort(=twist)）
  adj.弯曲的，曲折的；不正直的，不坦率的；绕圈子的
  My arms are tired from steering along this tortuous mountain road .沿着这条曲折的山路开车，我的胳膊很累。

4. contort
  v.扭曲，歪曲（意义）*con<com(=together)
  face contorted with pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸
  contort a word out of its ordinary meaning 曲解词义

5. contortion
  n.（特指脸、身体的）扭曲，歪曲；扭曲状态 *con<com(=together)
  contortionist n.（身体可以自由弯曲的）柔体杂技演员
  contortions of an acrobat 杂技演员的软功

6. retort
  v.（特指对指责、挑战等）回嘴；反击，报复 n.回嘴，反驳；蒸馏器；曲颈瓶；（提纯水银等使用的）干馏釡 *re(=back)
  retort insult for insult 以牙还牙
  retort an argument 反驳观点
  make an insolent retort 傲慢地回嘴

7. tort
  n.侵权行为

8. tortoise
  n.陆龟，乌龟
  Hare and Tortoise 龟兔赛跑
  tortoiseshell 龟甲，鳖甲

9. torture
  n.拷问；折磨，痛苦 v.拷问；折磨；歪曲
  torturer n.拷打者
  torture politics 酷刑政治
  instruments of torture 刑具，刑架，拷问工具
  tortured with anxiety 困焦虑而备受折磨

10. torch
  n.火把，火炬；照明物；（焊接用）喷灯，喷抢
  torchlight n.火炬之光
  torchlight procession 火炬游行
  torch race （古希腊的）火炬接力赛跑
  torch of Hymen 爱情

11. torment
  n.（身体、精神上的）剧痛；苦恼 v.使痛苦，折磨；烦扰
  torments of jealousy 因嫉妒而痛苦
  tormented with neuralgia/hunger/mosquitoes 受神经痛的折磨/受饱的折磨/受蚊子的烦扰

12. tornado
  n.龙卷风；旋风；飓风

13. torpedo
  n.鱼雷，水雷 v.用鱼雷攻击（破坏）；使彻底完蛋，破坏（政策、制度等）
  torpedo boat 鱼雷艇
  torpedo tube 鱼雷发射管
  Who torpedoed the Disarmament Conference ? 谁破坏了裁军会议？

词根：semin(semen) = seed（种子）

 来自拉丁语的semin意为seed,它的变形为semen。同义词根有来自希腊语的spor。

  （*拉丁文semin,semen(=seed) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. disseminate（使分离从而分开播种dis(=apart) + semin(=seed)）
  vt. 散布（思想、主义等），普及，传播
  dissemination n.散布
  disseminator n.传播者；散布者
  The internet is an amazing medium for disseminating information globally. 网络是一个将信自成传播到全世界的惊人媒体。

2. inseminate
  v.播种；灌输；使...受精 *in(=into)
  insemination n.受精；播种

3. insemination
  n.播种；受孕；授精 *in(=into)
  artificial insemination 人工授精

4. seminary
  n.神学院；（罪恶等的）温床 ；神学院；学校（尤其指私立女子学校）（孕育种子之处）*ary(=place where)，ary-表示场所的名词后后缀。
  seminarist n.神学院学生
  Union Seminary 协和神学院
  seminary of vice 黑恶的温床

5. seminar
  n.（大学的）研讨会（学生和讲师或教授为对某些问题进行研究而开设的研讨班或讨论会）；研究会；专家讨论会

6. semen
  n.精液 *semen<semin(=seed)
  semenal adj.精液的；种子的；生殖的；如种子般的；有潜力的

7. semination
  n.播种；接种；传播
 
8. seminiferous
  adj.产生精子的；产生清液的；输精的（产生种子）《-(i)ferous = bearing》

词根：quist, quest, quir, quer(quist) = to ask , to seek

  来自拉丁语的quist,quest,quir,quer 意为to ask,to seek,变形为quist。同义词根为来自拉丁语的rog。

  （*拉丁文quaerere(=to seek),过去分词为quaesitus —— 英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. disquisition（分别地、个别地询问dis(=apart) + quisit(=ask)）
  n.论文；研究
  I authored a disquisition on the evolution of the common law. 我写了一篇关于习惯法发展的论文。

2. acquisitive（补充要求的ac<ad(=to ,add) + quisit(=ask)）
  adj.想获得（知识、财富、势力等）的，贪婪的，欲望多的；可获得的
  acquisitiveness n.贪婪
  acquisition n.取得，获得；习得
  acquire v. 获得
  She's a great student,with a wonderfully acquisitive mind. 她是一名优秀的学生，有着强烈的求知欲。

3. inquiry（in(=into) + quir(=ask)追问到里面）
  n.询问，质询；研究，探求；调查，审查
  inquire v.询问，打听
  inquirer n.审查者，调查者
  inquiring adj.咨询的；爱追根究底的
  Some Democrats joined their call for the inquiry into the financial dealings of the Clintons. 一些民主党议员联合要求对克林顿夫妇的金融交易进行调查。

4. inquisitive（追问到里面的in(=in,into) + quisit(=ask,seek)）
  adj.好奇的；爱打听别人的事的
  inquisition n.调查；审讯；对异端者的镇压;(the In quisition) 宗教法庭
  inquisitor n.调查者；宗教法庭审判官
  inquisitorial adj.审讯者的；宗教法庭审判官的
  An inquisitive man claiming to be an insurance claims adjuster came to the door today. 今天来了一个特别爱追根问底的人，他自称是保险索赔调停员。

5. requisite（一定要求re(=intensive,again) + quisit(=ask)）
  n.必要条件；必需品
  adj.必要的，必需的
  requirement n.要求；必需品；必要条件
  requisition 要求，请求（书）；征用令；(v.)要求，征用
  If you have accumulated the requisite number of credits. you'll graduate. 如果你修满了所必需的学分，就可以毕业。

6. conquistador
  n.（新大陆）征服者（16世纪征服墨西哥，秘鲁的西班牙）*con<com(=completely,together),quist<quisit(=ask,seek)

7. exquisite
  adj.美妙的，精致的；（痛苦、快乐等）剧烈的；（感知能力）敏锐 *ex(=out)
  exquisite workmanship 精致的工艺
  exquisite lace 精美的花边

8. prerequisite
  adj.事先需要的，必须预先具备的
  n.先行（必要）条件 *pre(=before),re(=again,back,intensive)

9. bequest
  n.遗赠（品）；遗产 *be(=make,by)

10. inquest
  n.调查；（特指）验尸 *in(=into)
 
11. quest
  n.探索，探求
  in quest of 寻找

12. questionable
  adj.可疑的，有疑问的，有问题的

13. questionnaire
  n.问卷，调查表

14. request
  n.要求 *re(=again,intensive)

15. sequester
  n.将（某人）隔离开来，使隔离；使隐退；暂时扣押；没收 *se(=apart,away)
  sequestered adj.幽静的，隐蔽的，偏僻的

16. sequestrate
  v.临时扣押（债务者的财产），暂时查封（没收） *se(=apart,away)
  sequestration n.隔离；隐退；临时的强制管理；扣押，没收
  sequestrator n.扣押令行者

17. acquire
  v.得到，获得，取得 *ac<ad(=add,near,to)
  acquirement n.取得，获得;学识

18. qcquired
  adj.取得的，获得的；后天（养成）的 *ac<ad(=add,near)
  acquired rights 既得权利
  acquired taste 爱好，嗜好
  acquired charactor 获得性特征，获得性状
  acquired immunity 后天免疫性

19. require
  v.要求；需要 *re(=intensive,again)

20. requirement
  n.要求，需求；必需品，要求的东西；必要条件 *re(=intensive,again)
  requirements of the law 法律规定

21. conquer
  v.征服 *con<com(=completely,together)
  conquest n.征服；掠夺物，缴获品，战利品
  conqueror n.征服者

22. querulous
  adj.易怒的；爱发牢骚的
  in a querulous tone 以不满的口吻

23. query
  n.质问，疑问；疑问号
  v.质问，询问；表示怀疑；画疑问号

24. perquisite
  n.额外补贴；赏钱；犒赏；临时津贴（完全求得的东西）《per- = thoroughly》

词根：pot(pow, poss) = powerful, capable of

  来自拉丁语的pot 意为powerful,capable of,它的变形有pow,poss等

同源词：

1. empower（使强有力em<en(make) + pow<pot(=powerful)）
  vt. 授权
  empowerment n.授权
  The feminist movement empowered millions of women in america. 美国的女权运动赋予数百万女性以权力。

2. omnipotent（能够做所有的事的omni(=all) + pot(=capable of ,powerful)）
  adj.全能的
  omnipotence n.全能
  In the face of evil,many wonder if god is omnipotent. 在面对罪恶时，很多人怀疑上帝是否无所不能的。

3. potent（拥有力量的pot(=powerful)）
  adj.有力的；有权势的；有效力的，药物有效能的；有性交能力的
  potency n.力量；势力，权势；效能，效力；性交能力
  potentate n.当权者，有权势的人；君主
  A manta ray's tail contains a potent poison that causes a painful sting. 蝠鲼尾部含有一种能够吸引起剧烈疼痛的剧毒。

4. despot
  n.专制君主；独裁者；暴君 *des(=ligament)
  despotic adj.专制的；独裁的；暴虐的
  despotism n.独裁；专制（政治）；专制国家

5. impotent
  adj.无能为力的； 无力的，无力量的；（男性）阳痿的 *im<in(=not)

6. impotence
  n.无能为力；无力；虚弱；阳痿 *im<in(=not)

7. potentate
  n.有权势者，当权者；君主，统治者 *ate(=person who)

8. potential
  adj.潜在的，可能的 n.潜在事物；潜力；可能性
  potentially adv. 潜在地
  potentially rich country 有潜力的富庶国
  potential wealth/resources 潜在财富/潜在资源
  potential customer 有可能成为主顾的人，潜在顾客
  potential adversary 潜在的对手，假想敌

9. potentiallty
  n.潜力；可能性
  country with great potentialities 具有巨大发展潜力的国家

10. possibillity
  n.可能（性）；可能发生的事 *poss<pot(=capable of )

词根：croch (croach, crouch, crutch, crook) = hook, to bend

  来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的croch 意为hook,to bend。其变形为croach,crouch,crotch,crutch,crook。同义词根有来自拉丁语的clin/cli,flect/flex,cumb/cub等。

同源词：

1. encroach（像钩子一样蜷缩在里边en(=in) + croach<croch(=hook,bend)）
  vi. on + sth 侵入侵蚀；侵害（权利等）
  encroachment n.侵入；侵害；侵蚀
  suburban creep is encroaching on the family farm where i grew up. 我在我家的农场长大，现在它正受到郊区那些小偷的侵害。

2. crochel
  n.钩针编织（品） v.用钩针编织
  crochet hook 钩针

3. crouch
  v.（因害怕或要躲藏而）蹲伏；（动物准备跳跃前）蜷缩（身体） n.下蹲（姿势），蜷缩（姿势）*crouch<croch(=bend)

4. crotchety
  adj.反复无常的；有奇想的 *crotch<croch(=bend)
  crotchet n.怪想，奇想；反复无常；四分音符

5. crotch
  n.（树木的）枝丫；胯部，裤裆 *crotch<croch(=bend)
  sti in a crotch of a tree 坐在树枝上

6. crutch
  n.拐杖；（样子、用途像拐杖的）支撑物；精神支柱  *crotch<croch(=bend)
  go about on crutches 拄着拐杖走

7. crook
  n.钩状物；（牧童的）曲柄杖；（道路或河流的）拐弯处，弯曲处；骗子，小偷
  v.（使）弯曲；诈骗，欺骗 *crotch<croch(=bend)
  crookback n.驼背
  on the crook 诈骗地，以不正当手段地
  crook one's finger/arm 弯曲手指/胳膊
  crook a friend 欺骗朋友

8. crooked
  adj.弯曲的；歪的；（人、行动等）不正当的，不老实的，不正派的  *crotch<croch(=bend)
  crooked lane 弯曲的小路
  crooked stick 懒汉；不诚实的人

词根：am(em, im, m) = to love, frendly

  来自拉丁语的am意为to love,frendly,它的变形为em,im,m等同义词根有来自希腊语的phil和ero。

（*拉丁文amare(=to love) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. enmity（不爱en(=not) + e<am(=love)）
  n.不和；敌意，仇恨，憎恨
  Longstanding enmity between Muslims and Jews has caused much loss of life. 穆斯林和犹太人之间长久的不和导致很多人丧生。

2. inimical（没有爱的in(=not) + im<am(=love)）
  adj.敌意的；有害的
  Obesity is inimical to good health and longevity. 肥胖不利于健康和长寿。

3. amenity（使喜欢上 am(=love)）
  n.使生活便利舒适的设施；舒适，愉快，宜人；（交际上的）礼仪
  I always stay in Marriott hotels because of all the amenities. 万豪国际酒店的设施便利舒适，所以我们总是住在那里。

4. amiable（很容易喜欢上的 am(=love,frendly) + i + albe(=capable of )）
  adj.友善的；和蔼可亲的
  amiably adv. 和蔼可亲地
  while they aren't close friends,both men were amicable throughout. 尽管两人不是亲密的朋友，但彼此一直很友好。

5. enamor（常被动语态）使倾心；使迷变 *en<in(=in)
  I was enamored of her. 我被她迷住了。
 
6. paramour
  n.情妇（夫）；<古>情人 *par<per(=by)

7. amity
  n.（个人、国家间的）友好关系
  treaty of amity 友好条约

8. amorous
  adj.多情的；爱情的；（特指）色情的
  amorous looks 好色的表情
  amorous poetry 情诗

9. amateur
  n.业余技艺家；业余者（业余爱好技艺的人）

词根：per(pir, par) = to try out, to risk

  来自拉丁语的per意为to try out,to risk,它的变形为pir 和par。

同源词：

1. empirical（在内部严密地实验的em<en(=in) + pir<per(=try out)）
  adj.依赖观察和经验的；经验的，经验上的
  empiricism n.经验论；经验主义
  empiricist n.经验主义者
  empicric adj. 经验上；(n.)经验主义者
  empirically adv. 凭经验地
  Science requires empirical proof to support hypotheses. 科学需要实验的证据去支持假设。

2. peril
  n.危险；危险物品 v.[多用于书面语、诗中]冒险；使临险境
  perilous adj.危险的
  in peril of one's life 冒着生命危险
  perils of the ocean 海上的风险

3. imperil
  v.危及（生命、财产等）；使陷于危险 *im<in(=in)

4. pirate
  n.海盗（船）；剽窃者；盗版者，侵犯版权者，非法播放者 v.剽窃（书等），非法翻印 *pir<per(=try out,risk)
  piracy n.海盗行为；（书等的）剽窃
  piratical adj.海盗的；剽窃的
  pirate edition / publisher 盗版/盗版出版者
  pirate radio / tape 非法广播（特指在公海领域的广播）/盗版磁带
  pirate listener 广播听者

5. parious
  adj.危险的；不易对付的，狡猾的；惊人的 *par<per(=try out,risk)

6. experience
  n.经验，体验；(pl.)经历，阅历 v.经验；体验，经历 *ex(=out)
  teaching experience 教学经验
  religious experiences 宗教体验
  Experience keeps a dear school. 吃亏学乘代价高
  experience nausea/religion 感到恶心/宗教体验

7. experienced
  adj.富有经验的；熟练的；老练的 *ex(=out)
  experienced nurse /lover 有经验的护士/老练的情人

8. experiment
  n.实验；试验；尝试 v.进行实验 *ex(=out)
  experimentation n.实验；试验
  carry out an experiment in chemistry 做化学实验
  experiment upon dogs 拿狗做实验

9. experimental
  adj.实验的，实验用的；根据实验的；经验的，试验性的 *ex(=out)
  experimentalist n.实验家；经验论者
  experimentalism n.实验定义；经验主义
  experimental methods 实验方式（方法）
  experimental farm 试验农场
  experimental methods 经验知识

10. expert
  n.能手，专家；熟练手，行家；特等射手 adj.熟练的，有经验的；老练的；行家的,专家的，内行的 *ex(=out)
  economics/agricultural expert 经济/农业专家
  linguistic /mining expert 语言学/矿业专家
  expert carpenter 熟练的木匠
  expert advice /opinions 专家建议/意见

11. expertise
  n.专门知识（技术）；专家鉴定 *ex(=out)

词根：alt (haut) = high

  来自拉丁语的alt意hight,它的变形有来自语法的haut。同义词根有来自希腊语的acro。

  （*拉丁文altus=(high) —— 英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. exalt（使上得非高ex(=out,intensive) + alt(=high)）
  vt.提高或提升（地位、权力、品位、名誉、财富等）；赞扬；使喜悦，使得意
  exaltation n.提高，晋升；赞扬，得意洋洋
  exalted adj.高贵的
  Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by assassinations. 有时副总统会因暗杀事件而突然晋升为总统。

2. altar
  n.祭坛,（基督教教堂内的）圣坛
  lead a woman to the altar 和一个女子结婚
  altar bread  圣餐面包
  altar cloth 祭坛罩
  altarpiece 祭坛后面、上面的装饰（如绘画、雕刻、屏风等）

3. altimeter
  n.飞机等的高度计，测高仪 *meter(=measure)

4. altitude
  n.高度，（特指）海拔；(pl.)高处（海拔甚高的地方）；地平纬度（地平线以上天体的角度距离）
  altitude flight/record 高空飞行/登高记录
  mountain altitudes 高山地带
  altitude sickness 高空病
  grabbing for altitude 抢占高度

5. alto
  n.女低音，男声最高音；女低音歌手；中音乐器
  alto saxophone 中音萨克斯风
  altocumulus 高积云

6. hauteur
  n.傲慢，自大 *haut,alt(=high)

7. haughty
  adj.傲慢的，高傲的，自大的 *haught<haut<alt(=high)
  haughtily adv.傲慢地，高傲地
  treat the common people with haughty contempt 以不屑一顾的傲慢态度对待老百姓

词根：radic(radis) = root

  来自丁语的radic 意为 root它的变形为radis。

  （*拉丁语radix(=root) —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. eradicate（使连根拨出 e<ex(=out) + radic(=root)）
  vt.根除，根绝；清除；消灭
  eradication n.根除；消灭
  eradicator n.除草机；去污剂；墨水擦
  eradicable n.根除绝的；可拔去的
  Polio has been eradicated in North America,but not in Africa. 小儿麻痹在北美已被消灭，但在亚洲还没有。

2. radical
  adj.根本的，基本的；（意见、政策等）激进的，过激的；[数]根的
  n.激进分子，激进党派成员；根号；根数
  radically adv.根本地；激进地，过激地
  radical change/reform 彻底的变化/彻底的改革
  radical program 激进的方案
  the radical sign 根号（）
  radical left / right 极左/极右

3. radicalize
  v.使激进，使过激
  radicalism n.激进主义
  radicalization n.激进化；激烈化

4. radicle
  n.胚根 *le(=small)

5. radish
  n.（做沙拉时使用的白色或红色的）萝卜 *radis<radic(=root)

6. radicand
  n.[数学]被开方数（根号内的量）《-and = -end = inside》

7. radix
  n.根；基数；词根（属于根本的）

8. deradicalize
  v.使不急进（激进的相反）《de- = negative（否定）》

词根：hod(od) = way, road

  来自丁语的hod 意为way,road,其变形为od。

同源词：

1. exodus（走上外出的道路 ex(=out) + od<hod(=way)）
  n.（大批）的出走，迁出；(the E~) 古代以色列入出埃及；(E~)基督教《圣经》中的《出埃及记》
  After the earthquake,an exodus of peasants from the decimated city clogged the highways. 地震后，大批从遭到破坏的城市中逃离的农民堵塞了公路。

2. methodical（端正地走路的met<meta (=intensive,change,beyond) + hod(=way)）
  adj.有秩序的，井然的；（指人）做事有条理的
  method n.条理，秩序；方法
  methodology n.方法论，方法学
  Science can be defined as a methodical approach to knowledge acquisition. 科学可以被定义为一种系统获取知识的方法。

3. anode
  n.（电子管的、电解槽等的）阳极，（干电池、蓄电池等的）正极 *an<ana(=up),od<hod(=way,road)

4. cathode
  n.（电池的）阴极，负极 *cat,cata(=down)
  cathode ray （雷达、电视等使用的）阴极射线

5. odometer
  n.（汽车等的）里程表 od<hod(=way,road),meter(=measure)

6. period
  n.期间；周期；时代，时期；（学校的）学时，一节（课）；句号；疾病的期间（周期）；经期 *peri(=around),od<hod(=way,road)
  transition period 过渡期
  the second period 第二节课
  period of incubation 潜伏期

7. periodic
  n.周期的；定期的 *peri(=around),od<hod(=way,road)
  periodic attacks of malaria 疟疾的周期性发作
  periodic revolution of a heavenly body 天体的周期运转
  periodic table （元素）周期表

8. periodical
  n.期刊（期刊除外） adj.定期发行；期刊的；周期的；定期的 *peri(=around),od<hod(=way,road)

9. synod
  n.宗教会议 *syn(=together),od<hod(=way,road)

词根：manu (man) = hand（手）

  来自拉丁语的manu 意为hand,它的变形为man。同义词根有来自希腊语的chiro。

  （*拉丁文manus(=hand)  —— 英文根字典）

同源词：

1. emancipate（将抓着的手递到外边e<ex(=out) + man<manu(=hand) + cip<cap(=take)）
  vt. sb/sth + from +sth 解放（奴隶等）；给予自由
  emancipation n.（奴隶等）解放
  The army arrived and emancipated the prisoners of war. 军队到了之后释放了战俘。

2. manipulate（用手拉走man<manu(=hand) + pul(=drive)）
  vt. （熟练地）操作，使用；巧妙地处理
  manipulation n.巧妙地处理；操作
  manipulator n. 操作者
  The larynx is the structure that manipulates the vocal cords to produce speech. 喉咙是控制声带使之发声的器官。

3. manacle
  n.(pl.)手铐；脚镣 v.戴上手铐；束缚 *man<manu(=hand),cle(=small)

4. management
  n.经营，运营；管理；处理；(the ~)[总称]经营层；管理层 *man<manu(=hand)
  manage v.（用手）操作；管理
  manageable adj.易处理的；可操纵的
  managerial adj.管理人的；管理的；经理的
  manager n.经营者；管理者；负责人；主任；（演艺人员的）经理人
  manageability n.易管理；易处理
  joint consulation between workers and management 劳资双方的联席会议
 
5. manoeuver
  n.（军队等的）机动；(pl.)机动演习,军事演习；花招，伎俩；策略 v.机动；机动演习 *man<manu(=hand)
  maneuverable adj.机动性的，可调动的
  maneuverability n.机动性
  army/fleet maneuvers 陆军/舰队的机动演习
  troops on maneuvers 机动训练中的部队
  despicable maneuvers of some politicians 一些政治家的卑劣伎俩
  The fleet is maneuvering of the east coast. 舰队正在东海岸进行机动演习。

6. manicure
  n.修指甲 v.修指甲；修剪*man<manu(=hand),cur(=take care)
  manicurist n.指甲修剪师，美甲师
  have a manicure once a week 一星期修剪一次指甲

7. manifest
  adj.明白的，显然的，清楚的 v.表明，显示，表露；（幽灵等）出现；（在集会等）发表意
  n.（向海关提交的船运的）载货清单，舱单
  *man<manu(=hand),fest(=strike)
  manifest truth 显然的事实
  She doesn't manifest much desire to marry him. 她没表示很想和他结婚。

8. manifestation
  n.表现，表明，表示；显示；显示（表现）的言行 *man<manu(=hand),fest(=strike)

9. manifesto
  n.（统治者、政党等的）声明，宣言；（有关个人或团体特点、资格的）告示 *man<manu(=hand),fest(=strike)

10. manual
  adj. 手的；手动的，手工的；体力的 n.手册，简介，指南，便览；（风琴等的）键盘
  manual labor 体力劳动
  manual training （学校等的）手工课，如木工或、金属工艺活
  manual alphabet （聋哑人使用的）手语字母
  manual exercises 步枪操作练习
  shorthand manual 速记手册

11. manufacture
  v.（特指大规模地）制造；捏造（故事、借口等），虚构 n.制作，生产；制品，产品 *fact(=make)

12. manufacturer
  n.制作者，制造（业）者，生产者 *fact (=make)

13. mannerism
  n.（态度、说话等的）特殊习惯，怪癖；个人惯用的格调（特指文学、艺术的表现手法方面固守独特的格调或形式）*man<manu(=hand)

14. manure
  n.粪肥；肥料 v.给（土地）施肥，施肥于...
  artificial /chemical /nitrogenous manure 人工/化学/含氨肥料
  barnyard(farmyard) manure 厩肥

15. manumit
  v.释放（农奴、奴隶） *mit(=send)
  manumission （农奴、奴隶）解放

16. manuscript
  n.原稿，手稿（手写或打字机打出来的文稿）*script(=write)
  poems still in manuscript 尚未付印的诗作

词根：man (mn, main) = to flow, to stay

  来自拉丁语的man 意为to flow ,to stay,它的变形为mn,main。当意为to flow 时，同义词根有来自拉丁语的flu,lix和来自希腊语的rrh。

同源词：

1. emanate（向外流e<ex(=out) + man(=flow,stay)）
  vi.from + sth散发（气味、光、声音、蒸汽、热等）；发源
  emanation n.散发（物）
  The pain seems to emanate from the general location of my liver.疼痛好像来自肝那个部位。

2. remnant（再一次、继续逗留re(=again) +mn<man(=stay)）
  n.乘余，残余；（削价出售的）零料，零碎布头；(pl.)遗迹
  I bought this big bag of fabric remnants for just fifty cents.我只用50美分就买下了这一大包的零碎布头。

3. immanent
  adj.（性质）内在的；固有的；（上帝）无所不在的 *im<in(=in)
  immanence n.内在性；（上帝的）无所不在

4. immanuel
  n.以马内利（基督教《圣经》中先知Isaiah 及圣教徒Matthew等对耶稣基督的别称，意为：上帝与我们同在）*im<in(=in)

5. permanent
  adj.永久的，永恒的；固定性的；常在的 *per(=throughout)
  permanently adv.永久地
  permanent peace / tooth /address 永久的和平/恒齿，恒牙/固定地址
  permanent wave 烫发

6. permanence
  n.永久，永恒（性）；持久（性） *per(=throughout)
  permanency n.永恒的事物
  Is your new job a permanency or merely temporary ?你的新工作是固定的还是临时的？

7. manor
  n.领地；庄园（封建制度下领主所管辖的土地，包括领土直飞属土地和租种的土地
  manorial adj.领地的；庄园的
  manor house 庄园主宅地

8. manse
  n.（苏格兰的）牧师住宅

9. mansion
  n.大厦；（雄伟的）宅第；[用于专有名词中]公寓大楼
  victor Mansions 维多利亚公寓大楼

10. remainder
  n.剩余；残余者（物）；滞销图书 *re(=again) ,main<man(=stay)

11. remain
  v.留下，遗留；逗留；保持  *re(=again) ,main<man(=stay)

12. remains
  n.残留物；遗迹；遗体，遗骸 *re(=again) ,main<man(=stay)
  the remains of a meal 剩下的饭菜
  the remains of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹
  his mortal remains 他的遗骸

词根：it(i) = to go（走）

  来自拉丁语的it 意为to go，它的变形为i等。同义词根有来自拉丁语的ced/cess(ceed,ceas),grad/gress(gred),vad/vas和来自希腊语的bat(bet,bit)以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的fare等。
 
  （*拉丁文ire(=to go )——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. initiative（向里去 in(=in,into) + it(=go)）
  n.主动的行动；倡议；进取心，积极性；公民的立法提案权
  initiate v.开始；使初步了解；接纳（新成员）；(adj.)/(n.)新加入的（成员）；被传授初步知识的（人）
  initiation n.开始，着手；入会
  initial adj.初始的，开始的；(n.)首字母；姓名的首字母；(v.)用姓名的首字母签名
  initially adv.初始地
  Employees with initiative are likely to be promoted after their first year.积极进取的职员在第一年之后可能得到提升。

2. ambient（走向四方的amb<ambi(=around,both) + i<it(=go)）
  adj.环绕四周的；周围的
  ambience n.环境；氛围
  The ambient air has a scent of blooming jasmine. 周围的空气中有一股茉莉花香。

3. circuitous（绕着圈走的circ(=around) + it (=go)）
  adj. 迂回（线路）的，曲折的；绕行的
  We took a circuitous route to the concert to avoid heavy traffic.为避开交通堵塞，我们绕道去听音乐会。

4. transient（越过去trans(=over) + i<it(=go)）
  adj.一时的，暂时的，短暂的
  n.临时旅客，过往旅客
  So-called falling stars are transient phenomena,lasting just a few seconds.所谓的流星只是瞬时现象，仅仅持续几分钟。

5. transition（超过去trans(=over) + it(=go)）
  n.过渡（期）；变化，变迁
  The old currency will be used concurrently with the new during a transition period. 过渡期间新旧货币将同时使用。

6. reiterate（再一次，重复地去re(=again) + it(=go)）
  vt.重复，反复；重申
  reiteration n.反复；重申
  The company reiterated last week that it expects losses in the next quarter.那家公司上周重申预计下个季度可能会亏损。

7. perishable（新鲜味易于消失去per(=away) + ish<it(=go)）
  adj.（食物等）易坏的，易腐烂的；易毁灭的
  n.(pl.)易腐烂的东西
  perish v.灭亡，死亡；腐烂，腐朽
  perisher n.<口>讨厌的家伙
  Perishable items will be shipped in dry ice via  overnight express.易坏的物品将用于冰包好用隔夜快递发送。

8. seditious（分离去的sed<se(=away) + it(=go)）
  adj.煽动性的；参与煽动的
  sedition n.煽动；煽动性的言论;煽动叛乱罪
  The senator wants to deport the seditious aliens.那位参议员想将煽动叛乱的外国人驱逐出境。

9. ambit
  n.(pl.)界限；范围 *amb<ambi(=around,round)

10. ambition
  n.野心；雄心，志向，抱负 *amb<ambi(=around,round)

11. ambitious
  adj.野心勃勃的；有雄心壮志的 *amb<ambi(=around,round)
  ambitious plans 野心勃勃的遍地计划
  ambitious attempt 雄心勃勃的尝试

12. circuit
  n.巡回，周游；巡回审判；电路，线路 *circ(=round)
  circuit court 巡回法庭
  circuit diagram 电路图，线路图
 
13. coition/coitus
  n.性交，交媾 *co<com(=together)

词根：tim(tem) = to fear

  来自拉丁语的tim意为to fear,元音弱化后变成tem。同义词根有来自拉丁语的trem/trep 和来自希腊语的phob。

  （*拉丁文timere(=to fear)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. intimidate （使陷入恐惧的状态in(=in) + tim(=fear)）
  vt.使害怕；胁迫，威胁
  intimidation n.威吓；胁迫
  intimidator n.威吓者；胁迫者
  Some adults compel obedience from young children by intimidating them .一些大人通过威胁孩子来迫使他们服从。

2. timid
  adj.胆怯的，胆小的；羞怯的
  timidity n.胆怯，胆小；羞怯
  as timid as a rabbit 胆小如鼠
 
3. timorous
  adj.极胆小的，易受惊的，提心吊胆的

4. temerity
  n.鲁莽，冒失

词根：order, ord, ordin(ordain) = ord, ordin

 来自拉丁语的ord,ordin 意为to order,变形为ordain。

同源词：

1. insubordinate（下边接受命令的in(=not) + sub(=under) + ordin(=order)）
  adj.不服从的；反抗的
  insubordination n.不服从；反抗
  There's no room for insubordinate behavior in the army.军队绝不允许任何不服从的行为。

2. inordinate（不合乎秩序、道理、情理的in(=not) + ordin(=order)）
  adj.过渡的，过分的；节制的；非常的
  inordiately adv.过度地，过分地
  Our three teenage boys consume an inordinate amount of food.我那年三个十来岁的儿子饭量大得离谱。

3. subordinate（命令在下层被接受sub(=under) + ordin(=order)）
  adj.（地位、阶级等）低的，下级的；从属的
  n.下级，下属，部下
  vt.把..列入下级；使从属
  subordinattion 下级，从属
  subordinative adj.从属的
  If you speek to my subordiante,he can get the answer for you.如果你取代我的下属讲，他给你一个答复。

4. coordinate
  adj.同等重要的；同样质量的，同一级别（或类别）的；[语]并列的 n.同等物，同等者；(pl.)颜色，质料、样式协调的配套服装（或家具）
  v.调整，协调；使相配，使同等 *co<com(=togehter)
  coordinate clause /conjunction 并列分的/并列连词
  coordinate ideas 调整意见
  coordinate the movements of the arms and legs 协调胳膊和腿的动作

5. coordination
  n.协同，协调 *co<com(=togehter)

6. coordinator
  n.协调者 *co<com(=togehter)

7. extraordinary
  adj.异常的，非凡的；特命的；离奇的，使惊奇的 *extra(=outside)
  extraordinary adv.异常地；惊人地
  a man of extraordinary talents 拥有非凡才能的人
  envoy extraordinary 特派公使
  extraordinary weather 反常的天气

8. ordinal
  adj.顺序的 n.序数
  ordinal number （序数<-->cardinal number基数）

9. ordinance
  n.法令，条例
  imperial ordinance 敕令

10. ordination
  n.[宗]授圣职（礼）；颂法令
  ordinand n.圣职候选人

11. ordinary
  adj.平凡的，普通的；通常的
  ordinarily adv.普通地；惯常地
  nothing out of the ordinary 没有什么特别的东西

12. ordain
  v.授予圣职；（用法律、法令等）规定，决定；命令；（命运）注定 *ordain<ordin(=order)
  preordain v.预先注定；预先规定
  God has ordained that all men shall die.上帝注定了所有人都必然死亡。

13. disorder
  n.无秩序，杂乱，混乱 v.扰乱，使混乱 *dis (=not)

14. disorderly
  adj.无秩序的，杂乱的；目无法纪的；妨害治安的 *dis(=not)
  disorderly conduct 妨害治安的行为
  disorderly person 治安扰乱分子
  disorderly house 妓院；赌场

15. orderly
  adj.有秩序的，有规律的，整齐的，井然有序的 n.传令兵（医院尤指军队医院中通常是男性的）护理员
  a man with an orderly mind 头脑清晰、有条理的人
  orderly room 整洁的房间
  orderly crowd 有秩序的人群
  medical orderly 卫生员

词根：pun, pen(poen) = to punish, pen

  来自拉丁语的pun,pen 意为to punish,pen 变形为poen。同义词根为来自拉丁语的veng。

  （*拉丁文poena (=penalty),punire (=to punish)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. impunity（不受惩罚 im<in(=not) + pun(=punish)）
  n.免除（惩罚、损害等）
  Citizens bribe public officials with impunity in many third world nation. 在许多第三世界国家，公民向公务员行贿可以不受惩罚。

2. penal（是惩罚、刑罚的 pen (=punishment)）
  adj.刑罚的，刑事的
  penalize v.对...处罚；使处于不利地位
  penalty n.处罚，刑罚；罚金；犯规处罚
  penally adv.用刑罚；刑事上
  The warden has been advocating penal reform for many years.那监狱长很多年以来一直在提倡刑罚改革。

3. impenitent
  adj.不知悔改的 *im<in(=not)
 
4. impunity
  n.不受惩罚；免受伤害《im- = in = not》

5. penance
  n.赎罪，苦修

6. penitence
  n.后悔，改过；忏悔

7. penitent
  adj.悔罪的；后悔的

8. penitential
  adj.后悔的，忏悔的，悔过的；苦修赎罪的

9. penology
  n.刑罚学；监狱管理学

10. punishment
  n.惩罚，处罚，惩戒；刑罚；<口>虐待
  punish v.惩罚
  punishable adj.可处罚的
  capital punishment 极刑
  corporal punishment 体罚
  disciplinary punishment 纪律处罚
  divine punishment 天罚

11. punitive
  adj.刑罚的；惩罚的
  punitive expedition 讨伐
  punitive justice 困果报应

12. repent
  v.后悔，悔改 *re(=again,back)

13. repentant
  adj.后悔的，悔改的 *re(=again,back)
  repentant sinner 悔过自新的罪人
  repentant of his folly 对自己的愚蠢行为感到后悔
  the righteous and the repentant 正人君子和悔改者

14. subpoena
  n.[律]传票 v.传唤，传讯 *sub(=under) ,poen<pen(=punish)
  be subpoenaed as a withness 作为证人被传唤

15. penitentiary
  n.监狱 adj.导致监禁的；用做惩处的；监狱的 （使其反悔的地方）《-ary 表示场所的后缀》

16. penalize
  v.宣告有罪；规定应罚

词根：pover(pauper) = poor

  来自拉丁语的pover 意为poor,它的变形为 pauper。


同源词：

1. impoverish（造成贫穷的状态im<in(=in) + pover(=poor)）
  vt.使贫穷；使（资源，力量等）枯竭；使（土地）贫瘠
  impoverishment n.贫穷；贫乏
  impoverished adj.贫乏的；贫瘠的；贫困的；枯竭的；无创造性的
  The decade of drought impoverished the population of the Great Plains. 十年的干旱使大平原的人们陷入了贫困。

2. poverty
  n. 贫穷，贫困；缺乏
  poverty-stricken 为贫穷所困的，非常贫穷的
  poverty-striken homes 极度贫困的家庭
  poverty line 贫困线，最低生活保障标准

3. pauper
  n.赤贫者，贫民；靠救济度日者；乞丐 *pauper<pover(=poor)
  pauperism n.贫穷，贫困
  abolish pauperism 消除贫困
  pauperize v.使贫穷；使成为贫民

词根：bib(bev) = to drink

  来自拉丁语的bib意为to drink,它的变形为bev。


同源词：

1. imbibe（喝进去im<in(=in,into) + bib(=drink)）
  vt.喝；吸入；接受（思想等）
  imbibition n.吸收，吸入
  At a dude ranch the guests can imbibe the rural atmosphere for a few days.客人可以在观光牧场享受几天乡村气息

2. bib
  v.过多地喝酒，经常喝酒
  n.围兜；围裙（或工作服）的上部
  wine-bibbing 贪杯的
  win-bibber 酒鬼
  one's best bib and tucker 最好的衣服

3. beverage
  n.饮料 *bev<bib(=drink)
  alcoholic/cooling beverage 酒精饮料/清凉饮料

词根：var(i) = change

  来自拉丁语的var 意为change。

  （*拉丁文variare(=to vary) ,varius(=various)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. invariable（不变的in(=not) + var(=change)）
  adj.不变的；恒定的
  invariably adv.不变地
  An invariable truth of life is that all that lives must die. 生命不变的一个真理就是所有活着的都会死去。

2. variable（易于变化的var (=change)）
  adj.易变的，不定的
  n.易变的事物；变量
  vary v.（使）变化
  variation n.变化；变形物；变奏曲
  variance n.不和；不一致；变化
  variety n.变化，多样；变种；杂耍表演（把歌舞等节目编排在一起的演出）
  variability n.变化性；易变性
  varied adj.各种各样的；有变化的；多彩的
  various adj.各种各样的
  variant adj.不同的，相异的
  His scholastic performance has been variable all year.他的学习成绩在一年里一直不稳定。

3. variegated
  adj.杂色的，色彩斑驳的
  variegation n.杂色，色彩斑驳
  The flowers of pansies are often variegated 三色紫罗兰的花朵总是杂色的。

4. variform
  adj.形状不同的；有各种形态的

5. vary
  v.改变；不同

6. variegate
  v.使呈杂色；使有变化（驱使其变化）《eg = to drive》

7. varicolored
  adj.杂色的；五颜六色的

8. variometer
  n.磁力偏差计《meter = 计量器》

词根：damn (demn, dam) = ourse, harm

  来自拉丁语的damn 意为ourse,harm,其元音弱化后变成demn,它的变形为dam。


同源词：

1. indemnity（使不受损害 in(=not) +demn<damn(=harm,curse)）
  n.保障；损害赔偿；保障物；赔偿物，战败国缴纳的赔偿金（或物资）
  indemnify v.保障；赔偿
  indemnification n.赔偿；保障
  Many people invest in the indemnity provided by a life insurance policy.很多人投资购买人寿保险以获得赔偿金的保障。

2. condemn
  v.谴责，指责；宣判...有罪；宣告...不适用；宣告没收（走私物品、财产等）；充公；宣告...患有不治之症 *con<com(=together),demn<damn(=harm,curse)
  condemnation n.谴责，指责；宣告有罪；没收
  condemn a murderer to life imprisonment 判处杀人犯以终身监禁
  condemned cell 死刑犯牢房
  condemned building 被征用的建筑
 
3. damn
  v.谴责，指责；罚...下地狱;诅咒 n.诅咒；指责；[和否定词一起使用]点点，丝毫 adj.精透的，可恶的；十足的 adv.极其，非常 int. 他妈的，该死的
  The book was damned by the critics. 这本书受到了批评家们的谴责。
  Damn it!该死的！
  don't give a danm 一点也不在乎
  not (be) worth a damn 一文不值
  Don't be damn silly /a damn fool .别犯傻了！

4. damned
  adj.被诅咒的；该死的；遭透的 adv.极其，非常
  You damned fool! 你这个十足的笨蛋！
  damned hot / funny 极其热/非常好笑

5. damnable
  adj.讨厌的，可憎的；该遭天罚的；遭透的
  damnable weather 遭糕的天气

6. damnation
  n.遭天罚，毁灭；谴责，指责
  suffer eternal damnation 永世受罚

7. damage
  n.损害，损伤；(pl.)损害赔偿金；<口>费用 v.损害，毁坏 *dam<damn(=harm)
  do considerable damage to the crops 严重破坏农作物
  furniture damaged by fire 因火灾而受损的家具

词根：pet (pit, peat) = to rush, to seek, to strive

  来自拉丁语的pet 意为to rush,to seek,to strive,它的变形为pit,peat。

  （*拉丁文petere (=to fly,to seek)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. impetus（在内部猛冲 im<in(=in) + pet(=rush)）
  n.推动力，促进；刺激
  I don't think he has the impetus to complete in the 3-mile race.我认为他没有完成3公里赛跑的动力。

2. perpetual（一直寻找的per (=through,throughout) + pet(=seek,strive)）
  adj.永久的，永恒的；连续不断的
  perpetuate v.使永远存在
  perpetuity n.永远，不朽；终生养老金
  perpetuation n. 永存，不朽
  perpetually adv.永久地
  Maintaining a state of perpetual inner peace is a truth seeker's goal. 永远保持内心的平静是真理追寻者的目标。

3. propitious（为事先求得、获得而费心思的 pro(=before,forward) + pit<pet (=seek)）
  adj.顺利的，形势有利的；慈悲的
  Economic conditions are propitious for starting a new business now.现在的经济状况利于开展新的生意。

4. propitiate（事先求得 pro(=before) + pit<pet(=seek)）
  vt.劝解；安慰，抚慰；取悦
  propitiation n.劝解；安慰
  propitiatory adj.劝解的；安慰的
  I propitiated my offended wife with gift of roses. 我用玫瑰作礼物取悦我生气的妻子。

5. impetuous
  adj.激烈的，猛烈的；（言行）鲁莽的；冲动的 *im<in(=in),pet(=rush)
  impetuosity n.激烈；鲁莽的言行
  impetuous remarks 冲动的话
  impetuous charge/gale 猛袭/狂风

6. petulant
  adj. 性急的；易怒的；任性的 *pet(=rush)
  petulance n.性急；任性 *pet(=rush)

7. appetite
  n.食欲；欲求，欲望；爱好 *ap<ad(=to),pet(=seek)
  appetizer n.开胃食品，开胃饮料（或酒）
  have a big appetite 胃口大
  appetite for power 权力欲
  carnal/sexual appetite 性欲

8. appetizing
  adj.美味可口的；促进食欲的 *ap<ad(=to),pet(seek)
  appetizing smell from the kitchen 从厨房里飘来的诱人的香味

9. centripetal
  adj.向心的 *centr(=center),pet(=seek)
  centripetal force 向心力

10. compete
  v.竞争；比赛；对抗 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
  compete with/against others for a prize 和他人竞争奖项
  compete with /against other countries in trade 和他国进行贸易战争

11. competence
  n.胜任，能力；[律]权限 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
  his competence in handling money 他掌管钱财的能力

12. competent
  adj.（人）有能力的，胜任的；合格的；足够的；充足的 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
  competent player 有能力的选手
  competent knowledge of English 足够的英语知识

13. competition
  n.竞争；（较量知识、力量等的）比赛 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
  trade competition between countries 国家间的贸易竞争
  keen competition for a job 激烈的求职竞争
  boxing/chess competitions  拳击比赛/国际象棋比赛

14. competitive
  adj.竞争的；比赛的；有竞争力的 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
  competitive games 比赛
  competitive prices 有竞争力的价格
  competitive coexistence 竞争共存

15. competitor
  n.竞争者，竞争对手 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
  incompetence / incompetency n.不适当；无能力；无资格
  incompetent to teach science 不适合当理科教师的

16. petition
  n.请愿，恳求；申请；请愿书；（向法院递交的）诉状
  v.向...请愿，恳求;申请 *pet(=seek)
  petitioner n.请愿者；申请人；（特指）离婚诉讼的原告
  petition to the king 上呈给国王的请愿书
  petition of bankruptcy 破产申请
  petition of appeal 起诉书
  petition of revision 上诉状
  the Petition of Right 权利请愿

17. repetition
  n.重复，反复；背诵 *re(=again),pet(=seek)
  repetitive /repetitious 重复的，反复性的
  the repetitive work of a factory's production line 工厂生产线上的重复性的工作
  after numerous repetitions  在反复多次之后

18. repeat
  v./n.重复，反复 *re(=again),pet(=seek)
  repeated adj.反复的，重复的，再三的
  repeating adj.反复的；循环的；连发的
  repeatedly adv.反复地，多次地
  repeat performance 重演

词根：noc (nox, nic, nec) = to harm（伤害）

  来自拉丁语的noc 意为to harm,它的变形有nox,nic,nec等。

  （*拉丁文nocēre (=to harm)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. innocuous（不伤害的in(=not) + noc(=harm)）
  adj.无害的，（特指蛇等）元毒的；没有恶意的，无意冒犯的
  Uncle Henry is an innocuous enough figure,though he tends to be a bit gruff. 亨利叔叔脾气是有点坏，不过他却是一个毫无恶意的人。

2. obnoxious（给某人伤痛的ob(=to) + nox<noc(=hurt)）
  adj.非常讨厌的；令人极为不愉快的；可憎的
  That obnoxious little boy just kicked me in the shin! 那个可恶的小男孩儿刚好踢了我的胫骨！

3. pernicious（完全损害、损伤的 per(=through,thoroughly) + nic<noc(=harm,kill)）
  adj.有害的；恶性的
  A pernicious computer virus is invading home computers and erasing their data. 一种有害的计算机病毒正在侵入家用电脑，并删除电脑中的资料。

4. innocent
  adj.无罪的；无害的；单纯的，天真的；愚钝的 n.清白的人；单纯的人；无真无邪的人（尤其指孩子） *in(=not)
  innocence n.无罪，清白；无害；天真，单纯
  innocently adv. 天真地

5. noxious
  adj.有害的；有毒的 *nox<noc(=harm)
  noxious gases 有毒气体

6. internecine
  adj.自相残杀的，两败具伤的 *inter(=between),nec<noc(=harm)

词根：vuln (vult) = wound

  来自拉丁语的vuln 意为wound,它的变形为vult。


同源词：

1. invulnerable （不能使受伤的in(=not) + vuln(=wound)）
  adj.不能伤害的，固若金汤；无懈可击的
  Young men who take steroids can erroneously believe themselves to be invulnerable. 服用类固醇的年轻人会错误地认国他们是打不倒的。

2. vulnerable
  adj.易受伤的，易受攻击的；有弱点的
  vulnerability n.易受攻击；有弱点
  position vulnerable to attack 易受攻击的位置
  people who are vulnerable to criticism 易受批评的人们

3. vulture
  n.秃鹰；（从他人的不幸中牟取暴利的）贪婪的人 *vult<vuln(=wound)

词根：avi (av) = bird

  来自拉丁语的 avi 意为bird ，它的变形为au。

  （*拉丁文avis(=bird)—— 英文字根字典）


同源词：

1. inauspicious （没法看见鸟 in (=not) + au<avi(=bird) + spic(=look)）
  adj.不吉利的，不祥的
  inauspiciously adv.不吉利地
  After an inauspicious first quarter,the team went on to win the game. 那个队在比赛起初的四分之一虽然有些不顺，但之后却节节胜利，赢得了比赛。

2. auspicious （看见鸟的au<avi(=bird) + spic(=look)）
  adj.吉兆的，吉利的，幸运的；有前途的
  auspices n.赞助，资助
  I plan to propose when an auspicious moment presents itself.我打算在一个幸运的时刻求婚。

3. aviation
  n.飞行，航空；航空学
  civil aviation 民用航空
  aviation badge /cap /corps 飞行徽章/飞行帽/飞行队

4. aviator
  n.飞行员

5. avian
  adj. 鸟类的

6. aviarist
  n.飞禽饲养家

7. aviatrix
  n.女飞行员（trix = feminime （女性））

8. avicide
  n.杀害鸟类 *cid ( = to cut)

9. aviculture
  n.鸟类饲养

10. augur
  n.（古罗马）占兆官
  v.占兆;预言
  augural adj.占兆的；预言的
  augury n.占兆；预言

11. inauguration
  n.就职（典礼）；创始

词根：calc (culc) = to tread

  来自拉丁语的calc 意为to tread,它的变形为culc。


同源词：

1. inculcate（为进入某人内心而踩踏 in(=in,on) + culc<calc(=tread)）
  vt.sth + in/into +sb 灌输；谆谆教诲
  inculcation n.灌输；谆谆教诲
  Mr.scarrow inculcated in us a deep respect for people of all races.斯卡路先生谆谆教导我们尊重所有的人。

2. recalcitrant
  adj. 不服从的，反抗的；固执的 *re(=back,against)
  recalcitrance / recalcitrancy 不服从，反抗；固执

词根：veh, vect(veigh, vex) = to carry

  来自拉丁语的veh,vect 意为to carry ,它的变形为veigh ,vex。同义词根有来自拉丁语的fer,lat,ger/gest,prot 和来自希腊语的phor/pher。

同源词：

1. invective（向某人心里运 in(=in,into,to against) + vect(=carry)）
  n.痛哭；抨击；(pl.)骂人的话
  The movie review was an exercise in unmitigated invective.那篇影评是一篇十足的谩骂之词。

2. convection
  n.传送；对流 *con<com(=together),vect(=carry)
  convector n.对流式暖器，加热机
  convection current 对流

3. vehement
  adj.（感情）激烈的；（人或言行等）热烈的，充满感情的；猛烈的
  vehemently adv.激烈地，猛烈地；热烈地
  vehemence n.激烈，猛烈；热情
  a man of vehement character 热情的人
  vehement desires/passions 强烈的欲望/激情
  vehement wind 强风

4. vehicle
  n.（陆上的）交通工具，车辆；手段；媒介物 *cle (=small)
  vehicular adj.车辆的，用车辆运载的；用做媒介的
  Department of Motor vehicles （美国州政府的）机动车辆局（缩写：DMV）
  Art may be used as a vehicle of propaganda 艺术可以被用做宣传手段
  Language is the vehicle of human thought.语言是传达人们思想的手段。

5. inveight
   v.猛烈抨击，痛哭 *in (=against),veigh <veh(=carry)

6. convex
  adj. 凸的；凸面的 *con<com(=together)
  convexity n.凸状，凸面体
  convex lens 凸透镜

词根：cel (cul, ceal) = cul, ceal

  来自拉丁语的cel 意为cul,ceal。同义词根有来自拉丁语的cond,cover/cur,tect/teg 和来自希腊语的crypt。

同源词：

1. occult（严严实实地藏着的 oc<ob(=intensive) + cul<cel(=hide)）
  adj.掩藏的；神秘的，超自然的
  I've long been a student of occult arts. 我学秘术很久了。

2. cell
  n.（通常指革命的）政党团体的基层组织；（修道院的）单人房间；监狱的单人牢房；细胞

3. cellar
  n.地下室

4. conceal
  v.掩藏；隐瞒 *con<com(=completely),ceal<cel(=hide)

5. concealment n.掩藏；隐瞒 *con<com(=completely),ceal<cel(=hide)

词根：meter(metr) = measure, metr（测量）

  来自希腊语的meter 意为measure,metr 为其变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的mens。
  （*希腊文metron(=measure)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. parameter （向旁边量 para(=beside) + meter(=measure)）
  n.参数
  The company is always expanding the parameters of its product offerings. 那家公司常常扩大商品供给的参数。

2. asymmetry
  n.不均衡，不对称 *a<an(=not,without),sym<syn(=together),metr<meter(=measure)

3. symmetry
  n.对称；匀称 sym<syn(=together),metr<meter(=measure)
  symmetric/symmetrical adj. 均衡的；（图案）对称的
  symmetrically adv.对称地
  The bump on the left side of her forehead spoilt the symmetry of her face.她额头左侧的肿块坏了她脸的对称。

4. barometer
  n.气压计；晴雨表；<喻>显示（舆论、物价等）变化的事物 *baro(=weight,pressure)
  barometric adj.气压（计）的
  barometric pressure 气压
  barometer stock 标准度

5. chronometer
  n.（特别指航海中使用的）精密计时表 *chron (=time)

6. diameter
  n.直径；（透镜的）倍 *dia(=across,through)
  diameter of a tree-trunk 树干的直径
  a lens that magnifies 20 diameters 放大20倍的透镜
  in diameter 直径上

7. diametrically
  adv.完全相反地；直径地 *dia(=across,through)

8. geometry
  n.几何学 *geo(=earth)
  geometric /geometrical adj. 几何学（上）的；（线、条纹等）几何图案的
  geometrical patterns 几何图案（纹样）
  geometrical progression [数]几何级数

9. perimeter
  n.[数]周；周边 *peri(=around)

10. meter
  n.公尺；测量器
  v. 以测量器计重

11. metric
  adj.测量的；公制的

12. metricate
  v.采用公制

13. metrology
  n.度量衡学；度量衡制《ology = study》

14. metronome
  n.节拍器（按次序测量）《nome = order（次序）》

15. aerometer
  n.气量计；气体比重计《aero = air》

16. anemometer
  n.风速计；测风仪《anemo = wind》

17. centimeter
  n. 公分（百分之一公尺）《centi = hundredth》

18. dynamometer
  n.测力计；功率计《dynamo = power》

19. heliometer
  n. 太阳仪《helio = wet》

20. seismometer
  n.地震仪《seismo = to shake》

21. thermometer
  n. 温度计；寒暑表 《thermo = heat》

22. trigonometry
  n.三角学（测量三个角）《tri- = three;gon = angle(角)》

23. voltmeter
  n.伏特计；电压表 《volt = 伏特》

词根：vad, vas(wad) = to go

  来自拉丁语的vad,vas意为to go。变形为wad,同义词根有来自拉丁语的ced/cess(ceed,ceas),grad/gred/gress,it 和算来希腊语的bat(bet,bit)以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的fare。
  （*拉丁文vadere(=to go)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. pervade （这儿、那儿，一一走遍per(=through,throughout) + vad(=go)）
  vt.遍及；弥漫于，渗透于
  pervasion n.弥漫，渗透；普及
  pervasive adj.遍及的，普遍深入的；渗透的
  According to conservatives,harmful violence pervades a lot of television programming.保守主义者认为，有害的暴力行为渗透到了很多电视节目中。

2. invade
  v.入侵，侵略；侵害；大批进入 *in(=into)
  invasion n.入侵，侵略
  invader n.侵略者，入侵者
  city invaded by tourists 游客大批涌入的城市

3. vade-mecum
  n.随身携带品；袖珍指南手册 *mecum(=together with me)

4. wade
  n.涉水而过（江、河等） *wad<vad(=go)

5. waddle
  v.蹒跚而来 n.蹒跚，摇摆的步子 wad<vad(=go)

6. evade
  v. 逃避；闪避（逃避在外面）《a- = ex- =out》

词根：mea(me) = to pass

  来自拉丁语的mea意为to pass,其变形为me。


同源词：

1. permeate（这里、那里，一一经过、流过 per(=through) + me<mea(=pass,flow)）
  vt.渗透，浸透；弥漫
  permeation n.渗透，浸透；弥漫
  permeability n.浸透性，渗透性
  permeable adj.可以渗透的
  The smell of fish permeated the kitchen for days.连续几天厨房里一直弥漫着鱼腥味。

2. impermeable
  adj.不透水的 *im<in (=not),per (=through),me<mea(=pass)

词根：ambul(ambl) = to walk

  来自拉丁语的ambul 意为to walk,其变形为ambl。同义词根有来自拉丁语的pat。


同源词：

1. preamble（提前走出来pre(=before) +ambl<ambul(=walk,go)）
  n.（法律、条约等的）序言，前言
  My editor asked me to write a short preamble to my latest book.负责我书稿的编辑让我为自己的新书写一篇简短的序言。

2. perambulate
  v.走过；徘徊；巡视 *per(=throughout)
  perambulation n.徘徊；巡视记录

3. perambulator
  n.四轮婴儿车（简称：pram）（在美国一般用baby-carriage）*per(=throughout)

4. ramble
  v.漫步；漫谈；像蔓草一样横生 n.闲逛；漫步 *r<re(=again)
  rambler n.漫谈者；蔓生植物
  ramble roses 蔓生蔷薇

5. rambling
  adj.（街道、建筑等）布局零乱的；（演说、随笔等）散漫的 *r<re(=again)

6. noctambulist
  n.梦游病患者 *noct(=night)
  noctambulism n. *smon (=sleep)
  somnambulist n.梦游病患者

7. funambulist
  n.走绳的艺人 *fun (=rope)
  funambulism n.走绳索

8. amble
  v.（马）缓行；从容漫步 n.从容的步伐
  *ambl<ambul(=walk)

9. ambulance
  n.救护车
  ambulance corps 野战救护队

词根：mon(min) = to warn, to advise, to remind

  来自拉丁语的mon意为to warn,to advise,to remind。变形为min。
  （*拉丁文monere(=to advise,to remind)过去分词为monitus)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. admonish （向某人提出忠告 ad(=to) + mon(=warn,advise,remind)）
  vt.训诫，告诫；警告；劝告
  admonition n.训诫；警告
  admonitory adj.告诫的；警告的
  The teacher admonished the children not to ridicule the crippled girl.老师告诫孩子们不要嘲笑那个跛脚的女孩子。

2. premonition（事先警告、使想起pre(=before) + mon(=warn,advise,remind)）
  n.预感，前兆；预告
  premonitory adj.预告的；前兆的
  I had a premonition that we were going to have an earthquake.我预感到了我们会遭遇地震。

3. reminisce（返回记忆re(=back) +min<mon(=remind,remember,warn)）
  vi.追忆，回想
  reminiscence n.追忆，回想
  reminiscent adj.追忆的，回想的
  We had such fun at the 20th high school reunion,reminiscing about the old days.在高中同学毕业20周年聚会上，我们沉浸在对往昔的回忆中，过得非常愉快。

4. monitor
  n.（学校的）班长；国外电台监听员；监考员；告诫者，告诫物；监视器
  v.监控；监测；监视 *mon(=warn,advise)
  monition n.警告；告诫（忠告；劝告）
  monitorship n.班长的职务、地位、任期等；监督《-ship 表示性质、作用等的抽象名词后缀》

5. monument
  n.纪念碑；纪念塔;纪念馆;不朽的作品；历史遗迹 *mon(=remind)
  Washington Monument 华盛顿纪念碑
  the Monument （1666年的）伦敦大火纪念塔
  ancient monuments 古迹

6. monumental
  adj. 纪念的；（著作等）不朽的；极端的；非常的 *mon(=remind)
  monumental work不朽的作品
  monumental ignorance 极度的无知

7. summon
  v.召唤；传唤；召集 *sum<sub(=under),mon(=warn)
  issue a summons 发传票

词根：hab(hib) = to live, to have, to hold

  来自拉丁语的hab意为to live,to have,to hlod。它的元音弱化开为hib。
  （*拉丁文habere(=to have,to hlod,to keep)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. rehabilitate（重新拥有re(=again) + hab(=have,live)）
  vt.使（出狱的人或病愈）恢复正常生活；使复职，复位；使恢复名誉；复原（老建筑等），修复；使复生
  rehabilitation n.收复正常生活；复职；复位；恢复名誉
  I strongly believe prisoners should be rehabilitated during their incarceration.我坚持认为，犯人们在监禁期间应该接受正确的管教。

2. inhabitant（在里面生活的人 in(=in) + hab(=live,have)）
  n.居住于，居住者；（某地区）栖息的动物
  inhabit v.居住于；栖息于
  inhabitable adj.适合居住的
  inhabited adj.有人居住的
  There are only 7 inhabitants in this small apartment building.这座小公寓楼里只住了7个人。

3. habituate（使生活hab(=live,have)）
  vt.使习惯于
  Bears have become habituated to tourists as a primary food source.熊已经习惯将游客当作食物的首要来源了。

4. malady（具有不好的状态、恶性 mal(=bad) + ad<hab(=live,have)）
  n.疾病；（社会的）弊病
  My brother's a hypochondriac,always complaining of some malady or other. 我的弟弟是个忧郁症患者，经常抱怨有这样或那样的病。

5. inhibit（使不确定有 in(=not) + hib<hab(=have,hold)）
  vt.抑制；禁止
  inhibition n.抑制；禁止
  inhibitive adj.抑制的；禁止的
  I hate tight clothing,because it inhibits my movement.我讨厌紧身的衣服，因为它妨碍我的活动。

6. cohabit
  v.（尤其指未婚男女）同居生活；共同存在 *co<com(=together)
  cohabitation n.同居；共同存在
  cohabitation politics 左右共治

7. habitable
  adj.适合居住的
  The old house is no longer habitable.这座老房子再也不适宜居住了。

8. habitual
  adj.习惯的；习以为常的，惯常的
  habitually adv.习惯地
  habitude n.习惯，习俗；本性
  habitual reader 养成读书习惯的人
  habitual criminal 惯犯
  his habitual seat at the dining-table 饭桌上他经常坐的位子

9. habitation
  n.居住；住所，住宅
  houses that were not fit for habitation 曾经不适合居住的房子
  human habitation 人类的居住环境

10. habitat
  n.（动、植物的）栖息地；原产地
  natural habital 天然栖息地

11. habitue
  n.<法>常客，回头客
  habitue of the Restaurant Maxim 马克西姆餐厅的常客
  habitue of the orchestral concerts 经常去听管弦音乐会的人

12. habit
  n.习惯，习性；神职人员的服装；女子骑装
  creature of habit 习惯的奴隶
  monk's habit 僧服，法衣
  riding habit 女骑装

13. exhibit
  v.展示，阵列
  n.（博物馆等的）展览品;阵列，展示；（提供给法庭的）证据 *ex(=out)
  exhibitor n.（美术、花卉展等的）展览者
  Don't touch the exhibits 请不要触摸展览品
  exhibit A证据甲

14. exhibition
  n.展览，阵列；展览会；（学识等的）表现，显示 *ex(=out)
  exhibitionism n.表现癖
  exhibitionist n.有表现癖的人；裸露癖患者
  opportunity for the exhibition of one's knowledge 展示自己知识的机会

15. prohibi
  v.禁止；阻止 *pro(=before)
  prohibitive adj.禁止的，禁止性的；（价格）高得买不起的
  prohibitive price 高得买不起的价格
  prohibitory  adj.禁止的
  prohibitory laws 禁止法
  Smoking strictly prohibited 严禁吸烟

16. prohibition
  n.禁止；禁令；禁酒 *pro(=before)
  prohibitionist n.赞成禁止的人；禁酒主义者
  prohibition law [美史]禁酒令（美国于1920年到1933年实施）
  prohibition against the sale of cigarettes to children 禁止向儿童出售香烟的命令。

词根：tac(tic) = silent

  来自拉丁语的tac意为 silent，其元音弱化后变成tic。
  （*拉丁文tacēre(=silent),过去分词是tacitus——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. reticent（几乎没有话的re(=intensive) + tic<tac(=silent)）（一再沉默）
  adj.沉默寡言的，缄默的
  reticence n.沉默寡言，缄默
  Employees are often reticent ot  report fraud for fear of losing their jobs.职员们常常因担心丢掉工作而不报告欺骗行为。

2. tacit
  adj.无言的，沉墨的；默示的
  tacitly adv.肃静地
  tacit consent /agreement 默许/默契，默示协议
 
3. taciturn
  adj.无言的，沉默寡言的
  taciturnity n.无言，沉默

词根：dub(doub) = uncertain

  来自拉丁语的dub意为uncertain。其变形为doub。


同源词：

1. redoubtable（完全不正确或不明确的re(=intensive) + doub<dub(=uncertain)
  adj.可怕的；令人敬畏的
  Many modern politicans continue to quote the redoubtable Winston Churchill.很多现代政治家还在继续引用令人敬畏的温斯顿.丘吉尔的话。

2. indubitable（不是不确定的in(=not) + dub(=uncertain)
  adj.不容置疑的，明确的
  The indubitable conclusion is that you're either drunk or stoned.结论毫无疑问：你喝醉了或已烂醉如泥。

3. dubious
  adj.可疑的；半信半疑的；未定的，无把握的；暧昧的，含糊的；名声不好的
  dubious compliment 明褒实贬的恭维
  dubious blessing 令人怀疑的祝福
  dubious character 名声不好的人

4. dubiety
  n.怀疑

词根：fract, frag(fra, fring) = to break（打破）

  来自拉丁语的fract,frag意为to break，变形为fra,fring。同义词根有来自拉丁语的rupt。
  （*拉丁文 frangere(=to break),过去分词是fractus——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. suffrage（源自于从前投票都是利用陶器的碎片。破坏到底suf<sub(=under) + frag (=break,loud applause)）
  n.投票权，选举权；投票；赞成票
  suffragette n.主张妇女参政权的女子
  Suffrage is constitutionally guaranteed to all non-crimial adults. 宪法保障所有不违法的成年人都有选举权。
 
2. infraction（闯入里面in(=in,into,against) + fract(=break)）
  n.违反，违背
  I already have two traffic infractions on my record this year.今年我已经有两次违反变规的记录了。

3. refractory（继续破碎或粉碎的 re(=again) + fract(=break)）
  adj.不听话的，难以驾驭的，执拗的；（疾病等）难以治愈的，痼疾的；难熔的；难以处理的
  Four of the refractory children have been placed in foster homes.那些难管教的孩子中有四个被送到领养家庭了。

4. fractious（折断的fract(=break)）
  adj.易怒的，暴躁的；难以对待的，难驾驭的
  Italian politics are famously fractious—It's almost a national joke.意大利改治是出了名的难以驾驭——这差不多快成了国家的笑话了。

5. refract
  v.使（光线）折射 *re(=back)
  refraction n.折射
  Light is refracted when it passes through a prism.光在通过棱镜时会折射。

6. fraction
  n.小部分；一点，少量；[数]分数
  fractional adj.小的，没有多少的；分数的
  fractional distillation [分]分馏

7. fracture
  n.破碎，破裂；骨折 v.使破裂；使骨折
  compound/simple fractures 有创/单纯性骨折；bones that fracture easily 易碎的骨头

8. fragment n.碎片；片断 v.（使）成碎片
  put the fragments of a broken vase together 把破碎的花瓶片拼在一起
  overhear fragments of conversation 无意中听到谈话的只言片语
  The shell fragments on impact.贝壳会被击碎

9. fragmentary
  adj.碎片的；断断续续的；不完整的
  fragmentary report of an event对事件不完整的报道

10. fragmentation
  n.分裂；破碎
  fragmentation bomb/grenade 破裂弹/杀伤手榴弹

11. fragile
  adj.易碎的，易折断的；（体质）虚弱的
  fragility n.脆弱；虚弱
  fragile china /health/happiness 易碎的瓷器/虚弱的体质/易逝的幸福

12. infringe
  v.触犯（法规），违反；侵害，侵犯权利 *in(=against,in)
  infringement n.违反侵害
  infringe a rule / an oath/ copyright/a patent 违反规则/违背誓言/侵犯版权/侵犯专利权
  infringe upon the rights of other people 侵犯他人权利

13. frail
  adj.易碎的；（体质）虚弱的；（意志）薄弱的
  fail child /support虚弱的孩子/不结实的柱子
  frail happiness易逝的幸福

14. failty
  n.软弱，脆弱，薄弱；(pl.)缺点，瑕疵
  the frailty of human life 人生命脆弱
  He loved her in spite of her little frailties.他爱她，即使她有小小的缺点。
  Frailty,thy name is woman.软弱啊，你的名字叫女人。

15. refrain（请注意：这个单词作动词和名词时都是出自同一语源，但是语义不同，作动词时表示“拉回马的缰绳”之意。）
  v.节制，忍耐 n.副歌 *re(=back)
  Please refrain from spitting in public places.请不要在公共场所吐痰。
  will you all join in singing the refrain please?大家一起唱那段副歌吧。

16. diffract
  v.分散；使（光线、音波等的）绕射（使射开）《dif- = dis- =apart》
  diffraction n.（光线、音波等的）绕射

词根：rap, rav(rep) = to take, to snatch（攫取）

  来自拉丁语的rap,rav意为to take,to snatch。rap中元音弱化后变成rep。同义词根有来自拉丁语的prehend/prehens,pris,cap/capt/cept/ceiv(cip,cup,ceit),empt/em,sump/sumpt,lab/lep等。
  （*拉丁文rapere(=to snatch,to seize,to grasp)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. surreptitious（向下抓住、采用的sur<sub(=under) + rep<rap(=take)
  adj.秘密的；鬼鬼祟祟的
  That handsome dude over there is stealing surreptitious glances at you.那边那个帅哥正在向你暗送秋波呢

2. ravage（被抢夺或被夺取的状态 rav(=take,seize)
  n.破坏；荒废；(pl.)破坏后的残迹
  vt.破坏，使荒废；（军队等）劫持
  The lion ravaged the zebra until nothing was left but bones.狮子将一匹斑马吞食得只剩下骨头。

3. rape
  n./v.抢夺；强奸
  rapist n.强奸犯

4. rapaclous
  adj.（尤其指对金钱）贪婪的，掠夺的
  rapacity n.贪婪

5. rapid
  adj.（速度）快的；陡峭的
  n.(pl.)急流
  rapidity n.迅速，急速
  rapidly adv.快地，迅速地

6. rapine
  n.抢夺，掠夺

7. rapt
  adj.着迷的，埋头的
  with rapt attention 全神贯注地
  rapt in a book埋头读书的

8. rapture
  n.狂喜，高兴；着迷
  rapturous adj.狂喜的
  go into raptures over着迷于...

9. enrapture
  v.使狂喜 *en(=make)

10. raven
  n.渡鸦（通常被看做不吉利的鸟）
  adj.（毛发等）乌黑的
  v.掠夺
  raven locks 乌黑的头发
 
11. ravening
  adj.空腹觅食的；狼吞虎咽的
  ravening wolf 觅食的饿狼

12. ravenous
  adj.狼吞虎咽的，非常饥饿的；贪婪的
  ravenous appetite 极好的胃口
  ravenous hunger 极度的饥饿
  ravenous for power贪图权力的

13. ravine
  n.峡谷

14. ravish
  v.使狂喜；使陶醉；掠夺
  ravishingly adv.狂喜地；陶醉地
  ravishment n.陶醉；狂喜
  ravishing view 令人陶醉的景色
  ravished with her beauty 被她的美貌逮住

词根：mit, miss(mis, mess) = to send（送）, to throw（投；掷）

  来自拉丁语的mit,miss意为to send,to throw。变形为mis和mess。同义词根有来自拉丁语的leg和来自希腊语的stle。
  （*拉丁文mittere (=to send,to throw),过去分词为missus。——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. surmise （关于、对于某事迹寄送sur(=over) + mis (send)）
  vt. 推测；猜想
  n.推测；猜想
  The Republicans in this district aren't as conservative as you might surmise.这个地区的共和党人不像你想的那么保守。

2. demise （远远地、完全地寄送de(=away,intensive) + mis(=send)）
  n.去世，驾崩；转让；遗赠
  The demise of a national administration in the United States is never a crisis.在美国，一个政府的消亡不会成为危机。

3. emit（向外寄送e<ex(=out) + mit(send)）
  vt.散发（光、热、声音、气味等）；发射物；发行
  Smoke detectors emit a warning sound when the battery is low. 当电池电量低时，烟雾探测器会发出警报声。

4. intermittent（送向其间的 inter(=between) + mit(=send)）
  adj.间歇的；断断续续的
  intermit v.暂停，间断
  intermission n.中断；休息时间，幕间休息
  intermittently adv.间歇地；断断续续地
  Our smoke alarm makes an irritating intermittent beep that won't stop.我们家的火警器没完没了地发出烦人的间歇性的响声。

5. noncommittal （不传送自己的意见的 non(=not) + com(=with) + mit(=send)）
  adj.态度不明朗的，不表态的
  She was noncommittal about selling the house,but i think she wants to .尽管她对卖房子一事的态度并不明确，但我觉得她还是想卖的。

6. remit （远远地、向后寄送 re (=back,away) + mit(=send)）
  v.汇款；宽恕；免除；缓解；[律]将诉讼打回下级法院
  remission n.宽恕，赦免；免除；缓解
  remittance n.汇款（额）
  remittent adj.[医]弛张的
  We'll ship the merchandise as soon as you remit payment in full.你一将货款全部汇到，我们就用船运送货物。

7. remiss （向后寄送 re (=back,away) + mit(=send)）
  adj.怠慢的，疏忽的
  I was remiss not to greet you as you came in.我怠慢了，在您进来的时没跟您打招呼。

8. submissive（把自己向下运送的 sub(=under) + miss(=send)）
  adj.顺从的；驯顺的
  submit v.服从，屈服；提交
  submission n.服从；投降
  Rather than being submissive or aggressive,it's healthier to be assertive. 比起服从或者挑衅，自信坚定要更健康有益。

9. transmit （越过去输送 trans(=over,across) + mit(=send)）
  vt. 送（货物等），传递；发射（信号）；传送（光、热、电等），传导；遗传（给子孙）
  transmission n.传递；传达；传导；遗传；（汽车的）变速器
  transmitter n.传递者；传达者；话筒；发报台
  Long documents can easily be transmitted over the internet.长篇幅的文件可以通过网络轻松传送。

10. compromise
  n.折中；妥协，妥协或折中方案；让步，（原则等的）放弃；和解
  v.妥协，让步；泄露；危及 *com(=together),pro(=forth,forward)
  compromise agreement 和解协议
  effect a compromise 达成和解
  compromise one's honor 有损某人的名誉

词根：aud(ed, eis) = to hear

  来自拉丁语的aud 意为to hear。其变形为ed,eis。同义词根为来自希腊语的acou。
  （*拉丁文audire(=to hear)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. audition （听一听aud(=hear)）
  n.（歌手、演讲者等发声的）试听；听力，听觉；（对志愿艺人等的）面试（指试演、试唱、试奏等）
  My acting audition is at 3:30,and my singing audition is at 5:15. 我的试演时间是3点30分，试唱时间是5点15分。

2. obeisance （很听话ob (=intensive) + eis<aud(=hear)）
  n.敬礼；尊敬；服从
  My sister pays devoted obeisance to an Indian guru,of all things. 我妹妹完全忠实于一位印度教领袖。

3. audible
  adj.可听见的
  audibly adv.可听见地
  audibility n.可闻度
  in a scarcely audible voice 用勉强可以听得见的声音

4. audience
  n.听众，观众；（杂志等的）读者；谒见
  large audience 众多听众
  audience rating （电视、广播等的）收视率，收听率

5. audio
  adj.音频的；声音的
  n.（声音的）接收、传送
  audio-visual aids 视听教具

6. audit
  n.审计
  v.审计；旁听
  auditing n.审计；旁听

7. auditor
  n.听众；旁听人；审计师
  board of auditors 审计委员会

8. auditorium
  n.会堂，礼堂 *orium (=place where)

9. auditory
  adj.听觉的；耳朵的
  the auditory nerve 听觉神经；auditory canal 耳道

10. obedient
  adj.顺从的；恭顺的 *ob (=intensive),ed<aud(=hear)
  obediently adv.顺从地
  obedient children 听话的孩子
  Your obedient servant 您恭顺的仆人（正式公文末尾的套语）

11. obedience
  n.服从，顺从；恭顺 *ob(=intensive),ed<aud(=hear)
  blind obedience 盲从
  active /passive obedience 主动的/被动的服从

12. disobedience
  n.不服从，违抗 *dis(=not),ob(=intensive),ed<aud(=hear)
  disobedient adj.不服从的

13. audiometer
  n.音波计；听力计

14. audio-visual
  adj.视听的 《vis = to see》

15. audiphone
  n.助听器 《phone = sound》

16. obey
  v.服从；遵守

词根：matr (mater) = mother

  词根matr与patr正好成为一对词根，一个表示母亲的，一个表示父亲，词根matr来自拉丁语的matr意为mother,其变形为mater。

同源词：

1. maternal （母亲的mater<matr(=mother)）
  adj.母亲的，母亲般的；母亲一方的；母系的
  maternity n. 母性；为母之道
  maternalism n.母性；母性本能
  My dog didn't seem to have much natural maternal feeling for her puppies.我的狗对自己的幼崽似乎有多少天生的母性。

2. matriarch
  n.女家长；女族长 *arch(=govern)
  matriarchy n.母权制；母权制社会

3. matricide
  n.杀母（罪）；杀母者 弑母者 *cid(=kill)

4. matrilineal
  adj.母系的

5. matriculate
  v.（主要指在英国）准许入学
  matriculation n.大学入学许可

6. matrimony （-mony = -ment （抽象名词字尾））
  n.婚姻；夫妻关系；婚姻生活
  matrimonial adj.结婚的；夫妻的 matrimonial troubles 婚姻生活的麻烦
  unite persons in holy matrimony 让人们结成神圣的婚姻

7. matrix
  n.母体；子宫；基础；铸型；母岩

8. matron
  n.年长已婚妇女；护士长；女舍监；保姆

词根：patr(pater) = father, country

  词根patr来自拉丁语的patr意为father,country，它的变形为pater。

同源词：

1. paternal （父亲的pater<patr (=father)）
  adj.父亲的，父亲般的；父亲一方的；父系的
  paternity n.父亲的身份；父性；父权；父系 paternalism 家长作风；家长式的统治
  paternally adv.作为父亲；父亲般地
  The birth of our daughter brought out unsuspected paternal feelings in me.女儿出生唤醒了心中不曾意识到的父爱。

2. patriarch
  n. （男性）家长（相对matriarch（女家长）而言）；族长；无老；（早期基督教会的）主教；（罗马教和东正教的）最高一级的主教 *arch(=govern),patr(=father)
  patriarchy n.家长（或族长）统治；父权制 patriarchate 家长（或族长、教长）的统治（或地位）；宗族社会
  patriarchal adj. 家长的；族长的；（最高一级）主教的
 
3. patrician （*patr(=father)）
  n.（古罗马的）贵族
  adj.贵族的；贵族似的

4. patricide
  n.杀父者；杀父（罪） *patr(=father),cid(=kill)
  parricide(=patricide)

5. patrimony
  n.世袭的财产；继承之事物（如特征等）；教会（或寺院）财产 *patr(=father)
  the patrimony of St.Peter（圣彼得教产）

6. patrimonial
  adj.世袭财产的；祖传的；世袭的 *patr(=father)
  patrimonial waters /sea（承袭海）

7. patron
  n.（个人、企业、艺术等的）赞助人；资助人；保护者；（商店、旅馆等的）主顾（尤其指老顾客）*patr(father)
  patroness n.（女资助人，女赞助者；女主顾）
  the patron of the arts 艺术资助人
  theater patron 剧场观众
  patron saint 保护圣徒；守护神

8. patronage
  n.支援，赞助，保护；（客人的）惠顾，（作为常客的）光顾；施恩的态度；资助人身份；圣职授予权，任命（重要职位）权 *patr(father)
  under the patronage of Duke of Wellington 在惠灵顿公爵的支撑（或赞助）下

9. patronize
  v.保护；资助；对...以恩人自居；成为...的常客 *patr(=father)
  patronizing adj.以恩人自居的；屈尊俯就的

10. patronymic
  adj.取自父名（或祖先名）的 (Johnson (son of John),Robertson(=son of Robert)) *patr (=father),onym (=name)

11. patriot
  n.爱国者 *patr(=country)
  patriotism n.爱国主义；爱国心
  patriotic adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

12. compatriot
  n.同胞，同国人 *com(=together),patr(=country)
  overseas compatriot 海外同胞
 
13. expatriate （*ex (=out),patr (=country)）
  v.流放；放弃原国籍；（为了移居海外而）离开祖国
  adj.被流放国外的；移居国外的；放弃国籍的
  n.移居国外者；被流放国外者；放弃国籍的人
  expatriation 流亡国外；放弃国籍
  American expatriate in Paris 在巴黎的美国移民
  expatriate Americans移居国外的美国人

14. repatriate
  v.遣送回国
  n.被遣送回国的人 *re (=again,back),patr(=country)
  repatriation n.遣送回国
  repatriate refugees after a war战后遣送难民回国

词根：cruc (cruis) = cross（十字；交叉）

  来自拉丁语的cruc 意为cross。cruis是它的变形。
  （*拉丁语cruc,crux (=cross)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. crucial （像十字架的cruc(=cross)）
  adj.决定性的，至关重要的；严酷的，艰难的；十字形的
  Teachers can provide crucial emotional support to broubled children.老师能给那些苦恼的孩子以重要的精神支持。

2. crucible
  n.坩埚；严酷的考验
  in the crucible of 经受...的严酷考验的

3. crucifix
  n.十字架 *fix (=fasten)

4. crucifixion
  n.钉死于十字架；拷问；精神苦恼 *fix(=fasten)

5. cruciform
  adj.十字形的 *form (=form)

6. crucify
  v.在十字架上钉死；残酷折磨；压制（情欲等）；虐待 *ify (=make)
  Crucified Jesus Christ （被钉死在十字架上的耶稣基督）

7. cruise
  v.巡航；（汽车等）以经济巡航速度行驶；飞机以巡航速度飞行
  n.巡航；乘船游览 *cruis<cruc(=cross)
  cruise missile （巡航导弹）
  have a cruising speed of 50 miles an hour以时速50英里的经济巡航速度
  The liner is making a round-the-world cruise this year.那艘客轮今年将环球旅行。

8. cruiser
  n.巡洋舰；游艇；巡航飞机 *cruis <cruc (=cross)
  cabin-cruiser 具备食宿、沐浴等设施的游艇

9. crux
  n.关键；难题

10. excruciate
  v.施酷刑；拷打；使痛苦 《ex- = out》

11. cruciate
  adj.有十字形叶或花瓣的；十字形的

词根：coloss (colis) = great

  来自希腊语的coloss 意为great,变形为colis。同义词根有来自拉丁语的grand,maj,max和来自希腊语的magn,maha,mega/megalo,metro等。

同源词：

1. colossal （大东西的 coloss (=great)）
  adj.巨大的；庞大的
  Due to a colossal blunder,AIDS tainted blood was given to hemophiliacs. 国为一次大的失误，感染艾滋病毒的血液被输给了血友病患者。

2. colosseum
  n.古罗马圆形大剧场

3. coliseum
  n.体育馆；大型竞技场 *colis <coloss(=great)

词根：prim(prem, prin, pri) = first（第一）

  来自拉丁语的prim,意为first。变形有prem,prin,pri等。
  （*拉丁文primus (first)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. primordial （最早开始的prim (=first) + ord (=begin)）
  adj. 原始的；最早的；基本的
  Primordial warfare was performed with primitive weapons——but was still deadly.原始时代的战争虽然使用的是原始武器，但是仍然可以致使。

2. prima adj.第一的，主要的
  prima donna 歌剧中的女主角；首席女歌手；喜怒无常的人，自负的人，爱慕虚荣的人
  prima ballerina 芭蕾舞团首席女演员
  prima facie 乍看时，据初步印象
  prima facie evidence 初步证据
  have a prima facie/a good case接手了一个初步证据确凿的/看上去（对胜诉）有利的案件

3. primacy n.卓越，首位
  primal adj.最早的，原始的；首要的

4. primary adj.首位的，主要的；最早的，原始的；第一手的；基本的；小学（教育）的；初生的；原生的；n.（政党的）初选
  primarily adv.首先，主要地；起初，本来
  primary election /meeting 初选/政党地区会议；政党基层会议
  primary care 最初保健护理

5. primate n.首主教；灵长目动物
  the Primate of All England （英国的）坎特伯雷大主教 （= the Archbishop of Canter-bury）
  the Primate of England 约克大主教（=the Archbishop of York）
 
6. prime adj.首位的，主要的；基本的；一流的，一级的，最好的 n.全盛期，青春（时代），装年期；最好的部分，精华；初期 v.使准备好；给（爆炸物）装上雷管（或导火线）；使...启动；事先给...指导；使喝足，使吃饱；在（墙上或板子上）涂底漆（或底色）
  the Prime Minister 首相
  his prime motive 他的主要动机
  prime(cuts of)beef 上等牛肉
  of prime quality  上等的
  in prime conditions 最好的
  prime ribs 上等肋（牛肉最好的部位）
  prime time （电视、广播的）黄金时间
  prime the pump（尤其指以政府经费）刺激经济发展

7. primer n.初级读本，基础读物；雷管，导火线；底漆

8. priming n.装雷管；起爆药；底漆

9. primitive adj.原始的，远古的，早期的；粗糙的；简单的 n.文艺复兴以前的艺术家（或作品）
  Primitive Church 早期基督教教会
 
10. primogeniture n.长子身份；长子继承（权） *gen(= birth)
  right of primogeniture 长子继承权

11. priority n.优先（权）；先取权；（时间、顺序的）在先，先前；重点；应予优先考虑的事 *pri<prim(=first), or(=Latin comparative degree)
  top /first priority 头等大事
  priority seating （列车等的）老、弱、病、残、孕座位
  priority principle 优先原则
  creditors by priority 优先债权人
  have priority over 比...优先
  give priority to 给...优先权
 
12. prior adj.在前的；优先的，更重要的 adv.优先，在前 n.大修道院副院长；小陷修院长 *pri < prim (=first),or (=Latin comparative degree)
  have a prior claim to 对...拥有优先权
  prior to my arrival 在我到达之前
  prior to any discussion of this matter在对这件事进行讨论之前
  The house was sold prior to auction 那所房子在于拍卖之前就卖出去了

13. pristine adj.原始的；早期的，首位的 *prem<prim (=first)
  take the premier place 占首位/首席
 
14. premiere n.（戏剧的）首次公演，（电影的）首映 *prem < prim (=first)

15. primordium adj. 原始细胞《-um = 名词字尾》

16. primrose n.樱草；淡黄色 adv.樱草的；淡黄色的；欢乐的（最早的蔷薇——>早春开放的花）

17. prince n.王子；诸侯（坐于首席者）《-ce = to take》

词根：vag(vaga) = to wander（流浪；漂泊）

  来自拉丁语的vag 意为to wander。同义词根有来自拉丁语的err,plan。
  （*拉丁文vagari (=to wander)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. vagrant （彷徨 vag(=wander)）
  adj.漂泊的，流浪的；（思想等）游移不定的
  n.流浪者，漂泊者；无业游民
  vagrancy n.漂泊，流浪；游移不定
  I came across a couple of vagrants under the railroad bridge.我在铁路下碰到了几个流浪者。

2. vague adj.含糊的；不清楚的，不明确的，暖昧的；模糊的
  vaguely adv.不清楚地
  vague answer 含糊其辞的回答
  vague rumor 暖昧的流言
  vague demands 不确定的需要

3. vagabond n.流浪者；浪子 adj.流浪的 v.流浪
  live a vagabond life 过流浪的生活
  vagabond Gypsies 流浪的吉普赛人
 
4. vagary n.(pl.)怪异的行为，奇想；难以预测的变化
  the vagaries of human emotions /fashions 人情感的变化莫测/时尚的变化莫测

5. extravagant adj.奢侈的，挥霍的；（想法、话语、行为过分的，离谱的；放肆的 extra (=beyond)
  extravagant man 奢侈的人
  extravagant tastes /habits 奢侈的爱好/浪费的习惯
  extravagant praise /behavior 过分的称赞/行为
  extravagant price 过高的价格

6. extravagance n.奢侈，浪费；无节制；过分的话（或行为） *extra (=beyond)

7. divagate v.徘徊；入歧途；离题（因漫游而迷失）《di- = dis- = away》

8. divagation n.入歧途的；离题

词根：mun(muni) = duty, function, gift, service

  来自拉丁语的mun 意为duty,function,gift,service。
  （*拉丁文munus(=service)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. munificent （使成为礼物的mun (=gift,service) + i + fic (=make,do) + ent (=having the quality of)
  adj.慷慨的，大方的
  munificence n.慷慨
  The company made me a munificent offer,but i declined it.那家公司的出价很慷慨，但我还是拒绝了。

2. immunity （没有概念、效用 im<in (=not) + mun (=duty,function,gift)）
  immune n.（疾病的）免疫；免除的，免于...的
  immunize 使免疫；使免除
  immunization n.免疫
  immunology n.免疫学
  The prosecutor granted immunity to the witness in exchange for testimony. 检察官同志免除证人的责任以换取其证词。

3. municipal adj.市的；市立的；市政的；自治市的 *cip<cap(=take)
  municipally adv.市政地
  municipality n.自治市；市正当局
  municipal buildings市属/市立建筑
  municipalundertakings 市立企业

4. commune v.交流；交谈（一起共享）《com- = together》
  communion n.沟通；共有；交往

5. communicate v.传达；联络；通讯
  communication n.传播；通讯；交通（工具）

6. communism n.共产主义《-ism = 主义》

7. communist n.共产主义者；共产赏员

8. community n.社区；共有；群生

词根：clar(clair) = clear

  来自拉丁语的clar意为clear。clair是它的变形。


同源词：

1. clairvoyant （看上去分明、透明 clair<clar(= clear) + voy(=look) + ant(=having the quality of)）
  adj.有超人的视力的；有洞察力的
  n.有超人的视力的人；有洞察力的人
  clairvoyance n.超人的视力；洞察力
  She billed herself as a clairvoyant counseior.她在海报上宣传自己是一位极具洞察力的顾问。

2. clarify （使清楚 clar (=clear)）
  vt.阐明（意义、见解等）；澄清；净化
  clarification n.净化；澄清；说明 clarity n.明晰，明确；透明，清澈
  Could you please clarify for me the guidelines you use for grading essays?能否请您说明一下您给文章评分时所使用的标准？

3. clarinet n.单簧管
  clarinetist 单簧管演奏者

4. clarity n.透明；清澈；明确；明晰

5. declare v.宣传；断言；声明；（向海关）申报（纳税品等） *de (=intensive)
  declarable adj.应申报的
  declare the results of an election 宣传选举结果；declare war 宣战;Have you anything to declare?你有要申报过关的物品吗？

6. declaration n.宣言（书）；声明（文）；申报（单） *de(=intensive)
  declaration of war 宣战书；Declaration of Independence （美国的）《独立宣言》；declaration of income （向税务局提交的）收益申报

词根：aug, auct(aux) = to increase（增加）, to make to grow（使产

  词根来自拉丁语的aug,auct意为to increase。aux是它们的变形。
  （*拉丁文augere (to increase,to make to grow),过去分词是auctus。——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. auxiliary （使增长aux<aug(=increase)
  adj.辅助的；附属的
  n.[语]助动词；(pl.)外国援军
  We do have a good auxiliary library in our suburb.我们市郊有一个很不错的附属图书馆。

2. augment v.（使）增加
  augmentation n.增加；增加物
  augment my income by writing English textbooks for college students.我通过编写大学英语教材增加收入。

3. august adj.威严的，令人敬畏的（一直增加到伟大的程度）

4. auctiion n.拍卖
  public auction 公开拍卖
  Dutch auction （开价甚高然后逐渐降价的）荷兰式拍卖

5. auctioneer n.拍卖商
  come under the auctioneer's hammer 被拍卖

6. audacity n.大胆无畏的精神；胆识；厚颜无耻

7. author n.创始者；著作者（使事物产生的人）

8. authority n.权威；权势；当局；根据（事物产生的根源）

9. authentic adj.可信的；有根据的；真正的（作者亲笔所写的）
  authenticity n.真实性；确切性

词根：thet, thes(thec, them) = to place, to put（置放）

  来源于希腊语的thet,thes意为to place,to put。thec ,them是其变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的sert,loc,pos/post/pon/pound,stal等和来自希腊语的top。
   （*希腊文 tithenai (= to place,to put)。）


同源词：

1. hypothetical adj.假设的，假定的（放在下面的hypo(=under) + thet (=put)
  hypothesis n.假设，假定 （放在下面）《hypo- = under,thes = put,(s)is = condition》
  hypothesize v.假设，假定

2. synthetic adj.综合的；合成的，人造的；[语]综合型的（放在一起的syn (=together) + thet (=put)）
  synthesis n.综合；合成 synthesizer 音响合成器，电子合成器
  synthesize v.综合，合成；综合处理
  She refuses to wear clothing made from synthetic fibers.她拒绝穿合成纤维面料的衣服。

3. photosynthesis n.光合作用 *photo(=light),syn(=together)

4. thesis n.论文；毕业（或学位）论文；论题

5. antithesis n.对立面，对照；（修辞学的）对语 *anti (=against)
  antithetic/antithetical 对立的；对照的；对偶的

6. parenthesize v.置于括弧内；加入插句

词根：polit(polic, polis) = city, state

  词根来源于希腊语的polit 意为city,state。polic,polis是其变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的urb。
   （*希腊文polis(= city,state),politēs(=citizen)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. politic adj.明智的，精明的；策略性的；狡猾的；政治的（治理城市、国家的polit(=city)）
  politics n.政治（学） polity 政体；国家组织；政治组织 politician 政治家；政客
  political adj.政治的；政治上的
  politicize v.使政治化，使具政治性 politick 进行政治活动
  It's not politic to wear loud or provocative clothing in the workplace.在工作场所穿花哨或具有挑逗性的衣服是不明智的。

2. polity n.政体；政治组织；国家组织
  studentpolity （大学的）学生会

3. politburo n.（共产党的）政治局 *buro (= table)

4. cosmopolitan adj.世界性的；遍布世界各地的；世界主义的 n.四海为家的人；世界主义者 *cosm (=universe)
  1).Yet it could use a more cosmopolitan mix of capital.不过，它需要一个更世界性的资本组合。

  2)."Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan."而野营现场都是高度世界主义的。

  3).Those who stayed permanently in europe were unusually cosmopolitan in their origins.那些永远在欧洲住了下来的人，他们根本就是四海为家的。

5. metropolitan adj. 大都市的；（基督教）大主教辖区的；作为宗主国的 n.大都市；（基督教）大主教 *metro (=great)
  metropolitan area （大都市区） metropolitan police 大都市的警察 metropolitan newspapers 大城市的报纸 Metropolitan France 作为宗主国的法国（不包括殖民地等）

6. metropolis n.主要都市；（活动的）中心地；大都市；（殖民地的）宗主国；大主教辖区 *metro (=great)

7. acropolis n.（古希腊城市的）卫城，(the A～)雅典卫城（上筑有巴台农神庙） *acro (=high)

8. police n.(pl.)警察；(the～)警察机关；治安人员；（军营中的）内务执勤（兵） v.维护...的治安，守卫；监督，管理
  police officer 警察
  police sergeant/lieutenant/inspector/superintendent 警佐/警察副官/警察巡官/警司
  senior superintendent（缩写：Sr.Supt,高级警司）
  police chief 警察局局长
  policecommissioner 警察局局长；警长
  police action 警察行动（指为维护国际和平秩序所采取的地区性治安军事行动）
  United Nations forces policed the Gaza strip for a long period.联合国部队在加沙地区维持治安。

9. policy n.（国家，政党等的）政策，方针；策略；保险单
  South Korean foreign policy/eastern(northern) policy（韩国的外交政策/东部（北部）政策
  policy non-alignment（非同盟/不结盟政策（不加入两大阵营的任何一方）
  Honesty is the best policy.诚实是最明智的策略
  fire-insurance policy 大灾保险单
  policy holder投保人
  policy loan 保险单货款

10. impolitic adj.不智的；失策的《im- =in- = not》

词根：caval (chival) = hosre

  词根caval来自拉丁语caval 意为 horse,因为c-ch发音音变，所以，词根caval的变形为chival。同义词根有来自拉丁语的equ,和来自希腊语的hipp。

同源词：

1. chivalrous adj.骑士的，有骑士风度的；勇武的；骑士时代的；对女子有礼的 （骑马的 chival<caval(=horse)）
  chivalry n.骑士风度，骑士精神；骑士制度
  He played a chivalrous knight in the motion picture.他在那部动作电影里扮演了一个神勇的骑士。

2. cavlry n.[总称](pl.)骑兵（队）；高度机动化的地面部队
  cavalry soldier/officer 骑兵/骑兵军官

3. cavalier n.骑手；骑士；对女人献殷勤的男子；（17世纪英国内战中查理一世时代的）保王党党员
           adj.漫不经心的；傲慢的，目空一切的

4. cavalcade n.马队

词根：grat (grac) = thankful, pleasing（喜好）

  词根grat来自拉丁语的grat意为thankful,pleasing 等。grac是它的变形。
   （*拉丁文gratus(=pleasing),gratia(=favour)——英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. gratuitous adj.免费的，无报酬的；没有理由的（作为感谢而做的grat(=thank,pleasing)）
  gratuity n. 遗散费；（军人的）退役金
  Your gratuitous cruelty is abominable.I've had enough!你那无端的残忍在令人生厌，我已经受够了！

2. ingratiate vt.(~oneself)使满意，讨好，迎合 （使对方感到好感in(=in) + grat (=thank,pleasing,favor)）
  Despite my lack of credentials,I ingratiated myself with the hiring manager.虽然我不够资格，但我逢迎了招聘主管，使其对我满意。

3. congratulate v.祝贺 *con<com(=together)
  congratulatory adj.祝贺的 congratulatory letter/telegram 贺信/贺电

4. congratulation n.祝贺；庆贺；(pl.)祝词 *con<com (=together)
  Congratulations !祝贺；offer one's congratulations to 对...说祝贺的话

5. ungrateful adj.忘恩负义的，不知感谢的 *un (=not)

6. grateful adj.感谢的，感激的；令人高兴的，令人愉快的
  I am grateful to you for your kindness.谢谢你的好意。
  grateful letter 感谢信；trees that afford a grateful shade 有宜人荫凉的大树

7. gratis adv./adj.免费地（的）
  be admitted gratis 免费入场

8. gratitude n.感谢，谢意
  in token of my gratitude 为表达我们的一片谢意

9. grace n.优雅；好意，恩惠；（饭前、饭后的）谢恩祈祷；（神的）恩宠；慈悲；阁下，阁下夫人；（票据等的）宽限期
        v.使优雅；使增光
  graceful adj.优雅的 graceful dancer 优雅的舞蹈家；graceless难看的；粗俗的，不知礼的；graceless behavior 粗俗的行为；gracious 亲切的；慈悲的；her gracious Majesty the Queen 女王陛下

10. disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱；失宠
            v.使丢脸，玷污；使失宠 *dis(=not)
  disgraceful 可耻的；disgraceful behavior可耻的行为

11. ingrate n.忘恩负义的人 (in- = not)
   ingratitude n.忘恩负义

12. ingratiate v.讨好；逢迎（使高兴向着某人）《in- = toward》
   ingratiation n.讨好；巴结

词根：lumin (lun) = light

  词根lumin 来自拉丁语的lumin 意为light。lun是它的变形。同义词根有来自拉丁语的luc/lux/lust和来自希腊语的photo以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的light。
    （*拉丁文lumen (=light),luminare (=to light up) —— 英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. luminous adj. 发光的，明亮的；清楚的，易懂的 [充满光的、明白的lumin (=light)]
  luminosity n.光明，光辉；发光度；发光物
  We saw several luminous sea creatures on our deep dive.我们深度潜水时看到了几个发光的海底生物。

2. luminary n.发光体，天体（如太阳、月亮、星星等）；（在学识、道德或精神方面有影响力的）杰出人物；才智出众的人 *ary(=person who)

3. luminescence n.萤光；冷光

4. luminiferous adj.发光的（带光）《fer = to carry》

5. illuminate v.照亮，照明；（作为祝贺的表示，在街道上） 用灯装饰；阐明；启发；用金色、银色、红色或图案等装饰（起首字母或手搞）《il- = in- = on,upon》
  street illuminated by oil lamps 用油灯照明的街道；poorly illuminated rooms 照明不好的房间；illuminate a difficult passage in a book 阐明书中令人费解的一段

6. illumination n.照明，照亮；灯饰（用金色或鲜明的色彩、图案）装饰（起首字母或手搞）《il- = in- = on,upon》

7. lunatic n.疯子，狂人；极端愚蠢的人 adj.精神错乱的，疯狂的；极端愚蠢的 *lun<lumin(=light)
  lunatic asylunm 疯人院；lunatic fringe （政治、文学、宗教等的）少数狂热派、极端派；lunatic proposal 极端愚蠢的提案

8. lunacy n.精神失常；愚蠢的行为，疯狂的行为 *lun<lunmin (=light)
  It's sheer lunacy.这简直就是愚蠢的行为。

词根：phan (phen, fan) = to show, to appear

  词根phan来自于希腊语的phan（英文字根字典：phan来源于希腊语的phantazein） 意为to show , to appear,其元音弱化后变成phen。fan也是其变形，同义词根有来自拉丁语的monstr。

同源词：

1. diaphanous adj.（衣服等的布料）透明的；半透明的；模糊不清的[通过某物可见的 dia(=through + phan (=show,appear)]
  The diaphanous curtains are lovely but don't afford much privacy.透明的窗帘虽然好看，但是私密性较差。

2. phantom n.幻影；幽灵；(P~)鬼怪式飞机 adj.幽灵的；幻觉的
  phantom ships 幽灵船；phantom order 虚拟订货（政府订购军火等的须经正式批准执行方生效的长期协议）；phantom tumor 幻想瘤；假性瘤

3. phantasm n.幻影；幽灵 [浮在眼前的东西]
  phantasmal adj.幻影（似）的；幽灵（似）的；n.phantasmagoria 变幻无常的幻觉（梦中、发高烧时出现）

4. phenom n.（体育界等的）杰出人才 *phen<phan (=appear)

5. phenomenon n.现象；奇才；奇迹 *phen<phan(=appear,show)

6. phenomenal adj.现象的；关于现象的；感觉到的；惊人的，杰出的 *phen<phan(=appear,show)
  phenomenal world [哲]现象世界；phenomenal memory 惊人的记忆力

7. phenotype n.[生]表现型（指一个生物体的可观测性状）(genotype遗传型）*phen<phan(=appear,show)

8. fantasia n.幻想曲；集成曲 *fan<phan(=appear,show)

9. fantasy n.空想，幻想；幻想的产物；幻想曲 *phen<phan(=appear,show)

10. fantastic;-tical adj.空想的；怪诞的；（计划、想法等）不现实的；令人吃惊的；极好的 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
  Fantastic dreams/shapes/fashions 奇怪的梦/模样/时尚；Christina's a really fantastic girl!克里斯蒂真是个出色的女孩！

11. fancy n.（没有根据的）想像，幻想；爱好，嗜好
         adj.空想的，想像的；装饰的；花式的；花哨的；杂色的；别致的；精致的；精选的；
         v.空想的，想像；喜欢 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
  I have a fancy that she will not come.我猜她不会来了；fancy cake 花式蛋糕；fancy goods 花哨商品；fancy button 装饰性的纽扣；fancy ball/dress化装舞会

12. fanciful adj.陷入空想的，想像的，充满幻想的；不现实的；奇异的 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
  fancied adj.空想的，想像的 fancied grievances 无限据的不满
  fanciful writer 富于幻想的作家;fanciful drawings 奇异的画

13. fancier n.（附在名词后）爱好者；（展览或观赏型动、植物的）育种者 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
  bird/dog/rose fancier 鸟/狗/玫瑰的育种者

14. phase n. 方面；阶段；时期 v.使配合；分段实施 [眼睛所能看到的情况]

词根：mell, mel(mil, mol, mar) = honey

  词根mell,mel来自拉丁语的mel,mell意为honey,此外词根mil,mol,mar是他们的变形。

同源词：

1. mellifluous [像峰蜜一样流出来的mell(=honey) + flu (=flow)]
  adj.（嗓音、话语、音乐等）甜美的；柔和的；流畅的
  The mellifluous monotony of train wheels on tracks soothes me.火车车轮碰到轨道发出的柔和而单调的声音让我感到平静。

2. mellow adj.（果实因熟透而）甘甜的，甘美的；（酒）醇香的；（声音、颜色等）柔和的；（因年龄大、经验多而）成熟的；微熏的 v.使柔美，使甘甜，使成熟；（因用大麻等而）愉快忘情的
  mellow wine 醇酒；violin whith a mellow tone 音调柔美的小提琴；mellow judgment 成熟的判断（力）

3. melon n.瓜（尤其指西瓜、甜瓜等）；<俚>红利；赃物，横财
  watermelon n.西瓜
  a slice of melon 一块瓜;cut/carve/split melon瓜分巨额利益

4. molasses n.<美>糖蜜 *mol<mel(=honey)

5. mildew n.霉；（植物的）霉病 v.（使）发霉，（使）患上霉病 *mil<mel(=honey)

6. chamomile/camomile n.春黄菊（可药用） *chamo<chame(=earth),mil<mel(=honey)

7. marmalade n.（橘子或柠檬等制成的）果酱 *mar/mal<mel(=honey)

词根：insul(isol) = island受（岛屿）

  词根insul来自拉丁语的insul(刘毅词典：拉丁文insula(=island))意为island。isol是它的变形，同义词根有来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的nes。

同源词：

1. insulate [使成为岛屿 insul (= island)]
  vt.[物]使绝缘；使绝热；隔离，使孤立
  n.insulation 绝缘；隔离 insulator 绝缘体 insularity 岛国性质 insularism （思想观点的）偏狭性
  adj.insular 海岛的；岛民的；偏狭的 insulated 被绝缘的；被隔热的
  I insulated my home against undue heat loss. 为了防止热量过多散失，我把我们家做了隔热处理。

2. isolate vt.使孤立；隔离 adj.孤立的；单独的
  isolated house 单人房 community that had been isolated from civilization 与文明孤立隔绝的社会。

3. isolation n.孤立，隔离 *isol<insul(=island)
  in isolation 孤立地；独自地
  isolation hospital/ward 隔离医院/病房

4. insular adj.岛国特性的；岛屿的；偏狭的

5. island n.岛；岛屿；岛状物 v.使成为岛；孤立

6. peninsula n.半岛 （几乎成为岛的）《pen- = almost》

词根：varic- = to straddle 跨坐, 横跨, 跨越

  词根varic来源于拉丁语的varic 意为to strade。

prevaricate [使事先观望pre(=before) + varic(=straddle)]
  vi.说谎；含糊其辞，推诿；支吾
  prevarication n.说谎；支吾
  Most young children will prevaricate to avoid punishment.大多数小孩儿都会为躲避惩罚而说谎。

词根：phon-, phem-, phet- = sound（声音）, speak（说话）

  来自希腊语的phon 意为sound。同义词根有来自拉丁语的son 和来自希腊语的ech。
   （*希腊文 phone (sound),phemi(=I speak) —— 英文字根字典）

同源词：

1. cacophonous adj.（声音）剌耳的；发音不和谐的 [听起来声音不好的 caco (=bad) + phon (=sound)]
  cacophony n. 不和谐音
  There was a constant cacophonous hubbub in the substitute teacher's classroom.代课教师的教室里不断发出刺耳的吵闹声。

2. euphony n.悦耳之音，和谐音 *eu- (=well （和“u”的发音相同）) euphonious
          adj.悦耳的

3. megaphone n.扩音器 *mega (=great)

4. microphone n.麦克风 *micro (= small)

5. symphony n.交响曲，交响乐；交响乐团（的演出） *sym<syn(=together)
  symphonic 交响的 symphonic poem交响诗
  symphony orchestra 交响乐团

6. telephone n.电话 v.打电话 *tele (=far)
  telephony n.电话学；电话（指通讯方式）；telephonist n. 接线员；话务员
  telephone book (directory)/booth/call/exchange/line/message/number/operator/receiver/set/subscriber 电话簿/公用电话亭/电话/电话局/电话线/电话留言备/电话号码/话务员/听筒/电话机/电话用户
  I'll phone you tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。

7. xylophone n.木琴 *xylo (=tree,wood)

8. phoneme n.（语）音素；语音
  phonemic adj.语音的；phonemics n.语音学
  English has 24 consonant phonemes.英语有24个辅音音素

9. phonetic adj.（语）音素的；表示语音的；语音学的
  phonetics n.语音学
  phonetic notation /spelling /signs (alphabet,symbols)（注音/表音拼写法/音标）

10. phonic adj.音的；（语）语音的
   phonics n.读音法；声学

11. phonograph 留声机 *graph (=write)

12. phonology n.音韵学 *ology (=science)

13. phonetician n.语音学家

14. phonogenic adj.产生良好音响的（产生声音）《gen = to produce》

15. phonogram n.标音文字；（速记的）表音字《gram = to write》

16. phonography n.表音速记法；表音拼字法 （声音的记录）《graphy = writing》

17. phonometer n.音波测定器 《meter = 计量器》

18. phonophile n.唱片爱好者；音响爱好者 《phile = to love》

19. phonovision n.电视电话

20. gramophone n.[英]留声机（=[美]phonograph）

21. homophone n.同音异形异义字（声音相同）

22. interphone n.内部电话；内线电话；对讲机 (= intercom)（互通声音）《inter- =mutual》

23. megaphone n.传声筒；扩音器（将声音放大的东西）《mega- = large》

24. blaspheme v.亵渎（神祗）；咒骂

25. euphemism n.婉言；委婉的说法（听起来舒服的说法）《eu- =well》

26. euphuism n.华丽的词藻；夸饰的文体

27. prophecy n.预言；（代神）发言

28. prophet n.预言者；预言家

词根：prag-, pract- = to do, act 做事

  来自希腊语的prag,pracit意为to do ,business。

同源词：

1. pragmatic adj.实际的；实用主义的；实干的（不管什么都做的prag(=do,business)）
  pragmatism n.实用主义 pragmatist n.实用主义者
  The pragmatic decision is to forgo the vacation and study.务实的决定是放弃休假去学习。

2. practice n.实行；实施；实践；常规，惯例；习惯；练习；（医生、律师的）业务；诉讼手续 v.练习；实习；习惯做...;从事（职业）
  practiced adj.熟练的；老练的
  practice teacher （本人是学生的）实习教师；put a plan into practice 将计划付诸实施；practice medicine/law行医/做律师

3. practical adj. 实际的；实用的；（比起理论）注重行动的；实践的；事实上的，实际上的
  practically adv.实际地；实用地；事实上；几乎；have practically no fine weather 几乎没有好天气；practicality 实用性；实际事物；Let's get down to practicalities.让我们老虎一下实际；practical joke玩笑；恶作剧

；practical English 实用英语 ;practical knowledge 实用知识；ideas that appeal to practical minds 讲求实用义的想法

4. practicable adj.适用的；能实行的；可通行的
  practicably adv.可实行地
  practicability n.可行性
  methods that are not practicable 不可行的方法；mountain pass that is practicable only in summer只能在夏天通行的山路。

5. practitioner n.开业者（尤指医生、律师等）；从业者；实践者；（基督教科学派的）信仰疗法术士
  general practitioner （缩写：GP）（普通医生（相对于专科医生而言））

词根：chron- = time 时间

  来源于希腊语 khronos,意思是“time（时间）”，来源于希腊神话中的第二代神王克洛诺斯（Cronus）。弑父夺位的克洛诺斯，是掌管时间的神，由Cronus演变出来的词根chron-也就表示“时间”的意思了。由该词根构成的词汇基本

都与时间有关系，如：anachronism 时代错误。像英国伟大的戏剧家莎士比亚就犯过这种错误，他在《朱利阿斯·凯撒》（Julius Caesar) 中曾提起自鸣钟，但是真到了朱利阿斯那个时代，这种钟根本没有出现，这就是个时代错误了。

  词根chrono 为 chron 的变体，用于辅音前，而它则用于元音前,它相应的拉丁语词根为： tempor 时间，还有表示时间的词根有：tempo。

同源词：

1. chronic  [chron 时间  + -ic 后缀]
  adj. 长期的,慢性的,长时间的

2. chronograph  [chron 时间 + -o- + graph写,记录 →记录时间的仪器→]
  n. 计时器, 录时器

3. chronology  [chron 时间 + -logy (n.) 名词后缀，表示“…学” → 研究有关时间的学问 ]
  n. 年代学,年表

4. anachronic  [ana- 后,回 + chron 时间 +  -ic (a.) 表示“…的” → 时间不断往回走，当然不对了→]
  adj. 时代错误的

5. isochronal  [iso- 相等 + chron 时间 + -al (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的” → 形容具有相等时间的 →]
  adj. 等时的

6. synchronism  [syn- 同,等,相同 + chron 时间 + -ism (n.) 名词后缀，表示性质,状态  → 同一时间发生的事情 →]
  n. 同时发生,同步性

7. chronological  [chron 时间 + -o- + logical逻辑的→根据时间的逻辑来排列→]
  adj. 按时间前后顺序的

8. chronometer  [chrono=chron时间 + meter 测量 → 测量时间 → 记时器]
  n.精密计时器

词根：hetero- = 表示“异类, 异种”

heterosexual 异性的（hetero+sexual性别的）

heterodoxy 异教，异端（hetero+doxy观点→观点不同）

heterogeneous 异类的，不同的（hetero+gen产生＋eous→产生不同的）

词根：homo- = 表示“同类的”

homogeneous 同类的；同族的（homo+gen产生＋eous→产生相同的）

homosexual 同性恋的（homo+sexual性别的）

homocentric 同中心的（home+centric中心的）

homogenize 使一致（home+gen产生＋ize→产生一致→使一致）

词根：bene- = 表示"善, 好"

benewolent 好意的（bene+vol意愿+ent→好意的）

benefaction 好事；恩惠（bene+fact做+ion→好事）

benefit 好处，利益（bene+fit做→做事后的好处→利益）

benediction 祝福（bene+dict说+ion→说好话）

beneficent 仁慈的，善行的（bene+fic做+ent→做好事的）

词根：circum- = 表示"环绕, 周围"

circumcise 环割（circum+cise切→环切）

circumference 周长（circum+fer带来→ence→带来一圈→周长）

circumnavigate 环航世界（circum+navigate航行）

circumscribe 限制（circum+scribe写→规定范围→限制）

circumspect 小心谨慎的（circum+stance站→站在周围→环境）

circumvent 回避（circum+vent走→绕圈走→回避）

词根：patr-, patri-, pater-, patern- = 父

patriarch [patri父，祖arch首脑，长]家长；族长

patriarchal [见上，-al…的]家长的；族长的；家长似的

patriot [patri祖→祖国，-ot名词字尾，表示人]爱祖国者，爱国主义者

patriotic 〔见上，-otic形容词字尾，…的〕爱国的

patriotism [见上，-ism主义]爱国主义；爱国心

unpatriotic 〔un-不，见上〕不爱国的

paternal 〔pater父，-n-,-al…的〕父亲的，父系的

paternalism [见上，-ism表示行为，现象]家长式统治，家长作风

词根：matr-, matri-, mater-, matern-, metro- = 母

matriarch [matri母→女性，arch首脑，长]女族长；女家长

matrimony [matri母→婚姻，-mony名词字尾]婚姻，结婚

matrimonial 〔见上，-al…的〕婚姻的，结婚的

matron 〔mart母，-on表示人〕主妇，老妇

matronage [见上，－age名词字尾]主妇的身份或职责

maternal [matr母，-n-,-al…的]母亲的，母性的

maternity [见上，－ity名词字尾]母性的，母性的

metropolis [metro母，polis城市；"母城" →首城，最大的城]大城市，主要城市，大都会，首府

词根：anthrop-, anthropo- = 人, 人类

anthropology [anthropo人类，-logy…学者]人类学

anthropologist [anthropo人类，-logist…学者]人类学者

anthropogeography [anthropo人类，gegoraphy地理学]人类地理学

anthropomorphous [anthropo人，morph形，-ous…的]有人形的，似人的

anthroposociology [anthropo人类，sociology社会学]人类社会学

词根：popul- = 人民

population [popul人民→居民，-ation名词字尾]全体居民，人口

populous [popul人民→居民，-ous…的]人口稠密的

populate [popul人民，-ate动词字尾，使…,做…]使人民居住于…中，使人口集中在…之中，移民于….

Repopulate [re-再，重新，见上]使人民重新居住于…

Depopulate [de-除去，去掉，popul人民→人口，-ate使…]使（某地）人口减少，减少人口

Popularity [见上，-ity名词字尾，表示性质]大众性，通俗性

Popularize [见上，- ize…化，使…](使)大众化，（使）普及，推广

Popularizer [见上，-er者]普及者，推广者

Popularization [见上，-ation表示行为]普及，推广，通俗化

Populace [popul人民→平民，-ace名词字尾]平民，大众

词根：dem-, demo- = 人民

democracy [demo人民，cracy统治；"人民统治"→人民做主→]民主；民主政治，民主政体；民主主义

democrat [见上，crat主张…统治的人]民主主义者

democratism [见上，-ism主义]民主主义

democratize [见上，-ize…化]民主化；使民主化

democratic [见上，-ic…的]民主的，民主主义的；民主政体的

demography [demo人民→人数，人口，graphy写，记录→统计]人口统计学

demographic [见上，-ic…的]人口统计的

epidemic [epi-在…之间，dem人民，-ic…的；"流行于人民之中的" →]流行的，传染的；流行病，时疫

epidemiology [见上，- io-连接字母，-logy…学]流行病学

epidemiologist [见上，-logist…学者]流行病学者

epidemiological [见上，-logical…学的]流行病学的

词根：andr-, andro- = 男

androgyne [andro男人，gyn女人]具有男妇两性的人，阴阳人

androgynism [andro男，gyn女，-ism表性质状态]半男半女

词根：vir- = 男

virile [vir男，ile形容词字尾，…的]男的，男性的，男子的，有男子气概的，有男性生殖力的

virilism [见上，-ism表示现象]男性现象

virility [见上，-ity表示性质]男子气概，男生殖力，男子的成年

词根：gyn-, gyno-, gynec-, gyneco- = 妇女

gynecology [gyneco妇女，-logy…学]妇科学，妇科

gynecologist [见上，-ist人]妇科医生

gynecian [gynec妇女，-ian…的]妇女的，妇人的

词根：fem-, femin- = 女

female [fem女，妇女]女性的，妇女的；女子

feminine [femin女，-ine…的]女性的，妇女的

femininity [femin女，-ality表示性质]女性，妇女的特性

femininity [feminine(e)女性的，-ity表示性质]女子的气质，女人气，妇女总称

feminism [femin女，-ism主义]男女平等主义；[-ism表示行为]争取女权运动

femme 妇女；妻子

词根：dem-, demo- = people, 表示“人民, 人们”

democtracy n. 民主；民主政体（bemo+cracy统治）

demos n. 民众（demo+s表复数）

demagogy n. 煽动，蛊惑人心（dem+agogy教导；鼓动

demography n. 人口统计学（demo+graphy学科→人口学）

endemic a. 本地的；地方性的（en在…..内+dem+ic→在人民内→地方性的）

epidemic a. 流行的；传染性的（epi在…周围+dem+ic→在人们周围→流行的）

pandemic a. 广泛流行的（pan到处+dem+ic→到处流行的）

词根：forc-, fort- = strong, 表示“强大, 力量”

force n. 力量，强制力

forceful a. 有力的（force+ful)

enforce v. 强行；实行（en进入+force→进入力量→强行）

reinforce v. 加强，巩固（re 再次＋in＋force→再次增加力量）

fort n. 要塞，堡垒

fortress n. 堡垒（fort+ress 通常表示女性，这里指凹进去的堡垒；参考：actress女演员）

fortify v. 加固，加强（fort+ify→力量化→加固）

fortitude n. 刚毅，不屈不挠（fort+itude表示状态→强的状态）

effort n. 努力，奋发（ef出＋fort→出力→努力）

forte n. 长处，优点；a.强音的（fort+c→强大→长处）

comfort v. 安慰；舒适（com共同+fort强大→一起给力量→安慰）

comfortable a. 愉快舒适的（comfort+able)

discomfort v. 使不安，不愉快（dis 不＋comfort舒适→不舒适）

词根：mot- = move, 表示“动”

motion n. 运动（mot+ion)

motive n. 动机（mot+ive)

motivate v. 推动；激励（motive+ate→使有动机→推动）

promote v. 促进；提升（pro向前+mote→向前动→促进）

promotion n. 促进；升级（promote+ion)

remote a. 遥远的（re回+mote→动回去→退回去→遥远的）

demote v. 使降级（de向下+mote→向下动→降级）

commotion n. 骚动，动乱（com共同+mot+ion→大家一起动→动乱）

locomotive n. 火车头（loco地方+mot+ive→从一个地方动到另一个地方→火车头）

emotion n. 感情（e出+motion→动出[感情]→感情）

词根：the-, theo- = god 表示“神”

theism n. 有神论（the+ism主义，论）

atheism n. 无神论（a无+theism）

theology n. 神学（theo+logy学科）

theologian n. 神学家（theo+log研究+ian）

pantheist n. 泛神论者（pan泛+the+ist人）

theocracy n. 神权政治（theo+cracy统治）

spotheosis n. 神化（apo离开+theo+sis→离开人变成神→神化）

pantheon n. 开神殿（pan泛，全部+theon→全部神在一起→万神殿）

enthusiasm n. 热情（en进入+thus[theo神]+iasm状态→进入神的状态→热情）

词根：arbit, arbitr- = judge, 表示“判断”

arbiter n. 仲裁人；泰斗（arbit+er表示人）

arbirary a. 武断的（arbitr+ary→做出[自己的]判断→武断的）

arbitrate v. 仲裁，公断（arbitr+ate）

词根：glaci- = glacial表示“冰, 冰川”

glacial a. 冰河的；冰冷的

glaciate v. 使冰冻（glaci+iate）

glaciology n. 冰川学（glaci+o+logy学科）

前缀：a-

① 加在单词或词根前面，表示"不，无，非"

acentric 无中心的（a+centric中心的）

asocial 不好社交的（a+social好社交的）

amoral 非道德性的（a+moral道德的；注意：immoral不道德的）

apolitical 不关政治的（a+political政治的）

anomalous 反常的（a+nomal正常的+ous）

② 加在单词前，表示"在…，…的"

asleep 睡着的（a+sleep睡觉）

aside 在边上（a+side旁边）

ahead 在前地（a+head头）

alive 活的（a+live活）

awash 泛滥的（a+wash冲洗）

前缀：ab-, abs- 加在词根前, 表示"相反, 变坏, 离去"等

abnormal 反常的（ab+normal正常的）

abuse 滥用（ab+use用→用坏→滥用）

absorb 吸收（ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉）

absent 缺席的（ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的）

abduct 诱拐（ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐）

abject 可怜的（ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的）

abstract 抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉）

abstain 戒绝（abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝）

abscond 潜逃（abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃）

abscind 废除（abs+cind剪切→切掉→废除）

abscise 切除（abs+cise剪→剪掉→切除）

abstinence 节制；禁欲（abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除，禁欲）

前缀：ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- 等加在同辅音字母的词根前, 表示"一再"等加强意义

accompany 陪伴（ac+company伙伴→陪伴）

accelerate 加速（ac+celer速度→一再增加速度）

accentuate 强制（ac+cent唱歌→一再唱出→强调）

accumulate 积累（ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累）

accustom 使习惯（ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗）

addict 上瘾，入迷（ad+dict说→一再说起→对……入迷）

additive 上瘾的（addict的形容词）

adduce 引证，举例（ad+duce引导→一再引导→举例说明）

affable 亲切的（af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切）

afford 买得起（af+ford拿出→一再拿出{钱}→买得起）

affirm 肯定（af+firm坚定→肯定）

aggression 侵略，进攻（ag+gress走+ion→一再往前走→进攻）

aggrandize 扩大（ag+grand大→一再大→扩大[权力]等）

aggravate 恶化（ag+grav重+ate病加重）

announce 通告（an+nounce通知→通告）

appal 使震惊（ap+pal白色→[脸]变白→受惊）

applause 鼓掌（ap+pease赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌）

appreciate 欣赏（ap+reci价值+ate→一再给价→欣赏）

appoint 指定，任命（ap+point指→指定）

arrange 安排（ar+range排列→安排）

arrest 逮捕，阻止（ar+rest休息→不让动→逮捕）

arrive 到达（ar+rive河→到达河边→达到目标）

assault 进攻（as+saul跳→跳起来→进攻）

assiduous 勤奋的（as+sid坐+uous→一再坐着[学习] →勤奋）

assist 帮助（as+sist站→站过来→帮助）

associate 联合，结合（as+soci社团+ate→结成团队→联合）

assimilate 吸收；同化（as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化）

assure 肯定；确信（as+sure确定→一不再确定→肯定）

attach 附上；依恋（at+tach接角→接触上→附上）

attain 达到；获得（at+tain拿住→获得）

attend （at+tend关心→关心到了→出度）

attract 吸引（拉→拉过来→吸引）

attest 证实（at+test试验→一再试验→证实）

前缀：ad- 加在在单词或词根前, 表示"做…, 加强…"

adapt 适应（ad+apt能力→有适应能力）

adept 熟练的（ad+ept能力→有做事能力→熟练的）

adopt 收养；采纳（ad+opt选择→选出来→采纳）

adhere 坚持（ad+here粘→粘在一起→坚持）

adjacent 邻近的（ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的）

adjoin 贴近；毗连（ad+join参加→参加在一起→贴近）

administrate 管理；执行（ad+ministr部长+ate→做部长→管理）

admire 羡慕（ad+mire惊奇→惊喜；羡慕）

adumbrate 预示（ad+umbr影子+ate→[将来的]影子出现→预示）

adjust 调整（ad+just+正确→弄正确→调整）

adventure 冒险（ad+venture冒险）

admonish 告诫，警告（ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告）

advent 来临，来到（ad+vent来→来到）

前缀：amphi- 表示"两个, 两种"

amphibian 两栖动物（amphi+bi生命+an→两个生命→两栖动物）

amphicar 水陆两用车（amphi+car车→两用车）

前缀：an- 在词根前, 表示"不, 无"

anarchism 无政府主义（an+arch统治+ism→无统治→无政府主义）

anharmonic 不和谐的(an+hamonic和谐的→不和谐的)

anechoic 无回声的（an+echo回声+ic→无回声的）

anonymous 匿名的（an+onym名字+ous→匿名的）

前缀：ana- 表示"错误, 在旁边, 分开"

analogy 类比；类似(ana+logy讲话→再旁边讲→讲一样的东西→类似)

analogous 类似的（analogy的形容词）

analysis 分析（ana+lysis分开→分开来→分析）

前缀：ante- 表示"前面, 先"

antedate 提前写日期；先于，早于（ante+date日期→提前写日期）

anterior 前面的（ante+erior[…的] →前面的）

antecedent （aute+ced走+ent→走在前面的[事] →前事）

前缀：anti- 表示"反对, 相反"

antiwar 反战的（anti+war战争）

antipathy 反感（anti+pathy感情）

antithesis 对立；反论（anti+thesis论文；观点）

antibacterial 抗菌的（anti+bacterial细菌的）

antibody 抗体（anti+body身体）

前缀：be-

① 构成动词，表示"使…成为"

beguile 欺骗（be+guile欺骗）

belie 掩盖（be+lie说慌）

bequeath 遗留给，传下（be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给）

besiege 围攻(be+siege包围→包围起来)

beware 注意（be+ware注意）

befriend 友好对待（be+friend朋友）

befool 欺骗（be+fool笨蛋→使人成笨蛋→欺骗别人）

befall 降临；发生（be+fall掉下→掉下来→发生）

belittle 小看(be+little小→小看人)

bewilder 使…迷惑（be+wilder迷惑）

② 构成一些介词

before 在前面（be+fore前面）

beneath 在下面（be+neath下面）

前缀：bi- 表示"两个, 两"

biweekly 双周刊（bi+week星期+ly→两星期）

bilingual 双语种的（bi+lingu语言+al→双语的）

biennial 两年一次的（bi+enn年+ial→两年〔一次〕的）

biannual 一年两次的（bi+ann[年]+ual→一年两次的）

前缀：by- 表示"在旁边, 副的"

byproduct 副产品（by+product产品）

byroad 辅路（by+road路）

byway 小道（by+way小路）

bygone 过时的（by+gone过去的）

bypass 旁路；忽略（by+pass通过→从旁边通过→忽略）

bywork 副业（by+work工作）

前缀：co- 表示"共同", 通常放在元音词根前

cooperation 合作(co+operation操作→共同操作→合作)

coagulate 凝结(co+agul凝聚+ate→凝聚起来)

coalesce 联合；合作(co+al=ally联盟+esce)

coexist 共存(co+exist存在)

cohere 附着；粘着(co+here粘→粘在一起)

coincide 一致，符合，巧合(co+in进+cide掉下→共同掉进来→巧合)

coordinate 协调：同等的(co+ordin顺序+ate→顺序一样→同等的引申为平等；协调)

前缀：col-, cor- 在同辅音词根前, 表示"共同"

collaboration 协作；合著(col+labor劳动+ation→共同劳动)

collocate 并置，排列(col+loc地方+ate→放在同一地方→排列)

collingual 用同一种语言的(col+lingu语言+al→同语言的)

collapse 倒塌(col+lapse滑倒→全部滑倒→倒塌)

collate 校对(col+late放→放到一起→校对)

collateral 并列的，并行的(col+later边→al→周边的→并列的)

colleague 同事(col+→league捆绑→捆绑在一起的人→同事)

collect 收集(col+lect选择→放在一起选择→收集)

collegiate 学院的； 学生的(col+legi读+ate→共同读书→学院的)

colloquial 口语的(col+loqu说+ial→两人一起说→口语会话的)

collusion 共谋，勾结(col+lus玩+ion→共同玩弄→共谋)

correct 改正，纠正(cor+rect正→全部改正→纠正)

correspond 通信；符合(cor+respond反应→共同反应→相互通信)

corrupt 腐败的；变环的(cor+rupt断→全部断→变坏的，腐败的)

corrigible 能够改正的(cor+rig改正+ible→全部改正的)

corroborate 证实(cor+robor力量+ate→用力量→证实)

前缀：com-, con- 表示"共同"

combine 联合，结合(com+bine捆→捆在一起→结合)

compassion 同情(com+passion爱国者→同胞)

compatriot 同胞(com+patriot动→大家一起动→动乱)

commend 赞扬；推荐(com+mend信任；命令→大家信任→赞扬；参考；recommend)

commemorate 纪念(com+memor记住+ate→大家一起记住→纪念)

commensurable 相等的，相称的(com+mensur测量+able→能放在一起的测量→相等的)

comparison 比较(com+pari平等+son→一起平等→比较)

compact 紧密的；合同(com+pact压紧→全部压紧→紧密的)

comfort 安慰(com+fort加强→[精神]强大→安慰)

commodious 宽敞的(com+mod动+ious→共同动→有动的地方→宽敞的)

compete 比赛(com+pete追求→一起追→比赛)

component 成分(com+pon放+ent→放到一起[的东西]→成分)

compress 压缩(com+press压→一起压→压缩)

concentric 同中心的(con+centric中心的)

contemporary 同时代的(con+tempor时间+ary→同时间的)

conclude 结束；总结(con+clude关闭→全部关闭→结束)

confirm 坚定；证实(con+firm坚定)

condense 凝结；浓缩(con+dense 浓密的)

consolidate 巩固，加强(con+solid坚固+ate→成为大家的财产→没收)

conflict 冲突（con+flict打→一起打斗→冲突）

confluence 汇流（con+flu流＋ence→共同流→汇流）

congregate 集合的，聚集的（con+greg集合＋ate→集合到一起→聚集的）

console 安慰（con+sole安慰→一起安慰）

前缀：contra- 表示"反对, 相反"

contrary 相反的（contra+ary→相反的）

contradict 反驳；矛盾（contra+dict说→反着说→反驳）

contravene 违反，违背（contra+vene走→反着走→违反）

contraband 走私（contra+band命令→违反命令做事→走私；参考：ban禁止）

前缀：counter- 表示"反对, 相反"

counteract 对抗；抵消（counter+act行为→反着行动→对抗）

counterbalance 平衡（counter+balance平衡→两边一样→达到平衡）

countermand 撤消（counter+mand命令→反命令→撤消〔命令〕）

前缀：de-

① 表示"去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下"等

destruction 破坏（de+struct结构；建造＋ion→弄坏结构→破坏）

desalt 除去盐分（de+salt盐→去掉盐分）

deforest 砍伐森林（de+forest森林→去掉森林）

devalue 降低价值（de+value价值→去掉价值）

depress 压制，压抑（de+press压→向下压→压制）

detrain 下火车（de+train火车）

decelerate 减速（de+celer速度＋ate→使速度变慢）

decode 破译（de+code密码→去掉密码）

defame 诽谤，中伤（de+fame名声→名声变坏→诽谤）

② 表示"使…成为，加强"等

delimit 划定界限（de+limit限定→加强限定）

depict 描绘（de+pict图画→成为图画→描绘）

design 设计；计划（de+sign做标志→设计）

definition 定义；清晰（de+fin界限＋ition→划出界限→定义）

前缀：di-

① 表示"两个，双"

dichromatic 两色的（di+chrom颜色+atic→两色的）

dioxide 二氧化物（di+ox氧＋ide→二氧化物）

dilemma 进退两难（di+lemma争论→二种争论→进退两难）

dichotomize 分成二，对分（dicho=di+tom切割+ize→切成二分）

② 表示"使…变成，分开，离开"

dilate 膨胀，扩大（di+late放→分开放→扩大）

dilute 冲淡，稀释(di+lute冲洗→冲洗开→冲淡)

digest 消化；文摘（di+gest带→带下去→消化→经过消化后的精华→文摘）

diminish 减少；消失（di+mini小+ish→变小，减少）

digress 离题（di+gress走→走开→离题）

divide 分开（di+vide分开→分开）

divorce 离婚（di+vorce=vert转→从〔丈夫身边〕转开→离婚；参考：divert转开）

前缀：dia- 表示"穿过, 二者之间"

dialogue 对话（dia+logue话→对着说话）

diameter 直径（dia+meter测量→对着测量〔圆〕直径）

diaphanous 透明的；精致的（dia+phan显示＋ous→对面显示〔影子〕→透明的）

dialectic 辩证法（dia+lect讲+ic→二人对讲→辩证法）

diagnosis 诊断（dia+gnosis知道→穿过〔皮肤〕知道→诊断）

diagram 图表（dia+gram→交叉对着画→图表）

前缀：dif- 和辅音重复表示"不, 否定, 分开"

differ 不同（dif+fer带来→带来不同→不同）

difference 不同（differ的名词）

diffident 自卑的（dit+fid相信＋ent→不相信〔自己〕→自卑的）

diffuse 散布的，散开的（dif+fusc流→分开流→散布的）

difficult 困难的（dif+fic做＋ult→不好做→困难的）

difform 不同形式的；不规则的（dif+form形状→形状不同）

前缀：dis-

① 表示"不，消失掉"

dislike 不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）

disorder 无秩序（dis+order顺序→没有顺序）

dishonest 不诚实的（dis+honest诚实的）

disappear 消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）

disproof 反证，反驳（dis+proof证实→不证实→反证）

discourage 使失去勇气（dis+courage勇气）

disarm 解除武装（dis+arm武装→去掉武装）

dispel 驱除，消除（dis+pel推→推开→驱除）

dispassionate 平心静气的（dis+passionate有激情的）

discover 发现（dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现）

dismay 沮丧（dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧；参考：五月能种粮食，所以叫May）

② 表示"分开，分离"

disseminate 散布，传播（dis+semin种子＋ate→散布〔种子〕）

dispense 分配（dis+pense花费→分开花费→分配〔财富等〕）

distract 分心（dis+tract拉→把〔心〕拉开→分心）

distend 膨胀（dis+tend拉→分开拉→膨胀）

discriminate 辨别；歧视（dis+crimin分辨→ate→分辩开）

dismiss 解散；开除（dis+miss送→送出→解散）

disburse 支付，支出（dis+burse钱包→从钱包中分出→支出）

discard 丢弃，抛弃（dis+card扔→扔出去）

discuss 讨论（dis+cuss敲打→把〔问题〕分开敲→讨论）

前缀：dys- 表示"坏, 不良"

dyspepsia 消化不良（dys+peps消化；胃＋ia病→消化不好）

dystrophy 营养不良（dys+trophy营养）

前缀：e-, ef- 表示"出, 出来"

elongate 延长，拉长（e+long长＋ate→长出来）

elaborate 精工细做的（e+labor劳动＋ate→劳动出来→精做的）

eject 投出，掷出（e+ject掷→掷出）

emerge 浮现（e+merge投入；淹没→淹没的东西出现→浮现）

evade 逃出，逃避（e+vade走→走出去→逃避）

eradicate 根除，灭绝（e+radic根＋ate→把根挖出→根除）

effluence 流出（ef+flu流＋ence→流出）

前缀：em-, en-

① 表示"进入…之中，包围"

embrace 拥抱（em+brace胳膊→进入怀抱）

embed 安置；嵌于（em+bed范围；床→进入范围→安置）

empathy 感情相融的（em+pathy感情→进入感情）

embarrass 使难堪（em+barrass套子→进入套子→难堪）

embattle 整军备战（em+battle战斗）

enroll 注册，记入名册（en+roll名单）

encage 关入笼中（en+cage笼子）

enchain 束缚（en+chain锁链）

② 表示"使…进入状态"

empower 授权（em+power权力）

embitter 使痛苦（em+bitter痛苦的）

embody 体现（em+body身体→〔精神〕进入身体→体现）

embellish 装饰（em+bell美好＋ish→进入美好→装饰）

emboss 使凸出（em+boss凸出→使凸出）

empyreal 天空的（em+pyre火+al→进入火、太阳→天空的）

enact 制定；颁布（en+act行动→进入行动→颁布〔法令〕）

enchant 使迷醉（en+chant咒语→被咒语所迷醉）

encompass 包围，围绕（en+compass包围）

endanger 使危险（en+danger危险）

encourage 鼓励（en+courage勇气→使人进入勇气→鼓励）

enlighten 启发，开导（en+ligh光＋en→给人光明→启发）

前缀：epi- 表示"在….上, 在….周围, 在….后面"

epidemic 流行性的（epi+dem人民＋ic→在人民周围→流行的）

epigram 警句，格言（epi+gram写→写在上面的话→格言）

epilogue 后记，结尾部分（epi+lougue说→在后面说的话→后记）

episode 一段经历，片段（epi+sode路→在路上→一段经历；片段）

epitome 梗概，缩影（epi+tome卷册→〔一卷书后的〕梗概）

前缀：eu- 表示"好, 优秀"

eulogize 赞美（eu+log说＋ize→说好话）

euphemism 委婉的词语（eu+phem讲话＋ism→讲好话）

euphonious 声音优美的（eu+phon声音＋ious→声音好听的）

eurhythmic 协调的（eu+rhythm节奏＋ic）

euphoria 幸福愉快感（eu+phor带来＋ia→带来美好→愉快）

eugenics 优生学（eu+gen产出＋ics→产生优秀〔后代〕→优秀生）

前缀：ex-

① 表示"出，出去"

exclude 排外（ex+clude关闭→关出去→排外）

expel 赶出，逐出（ex+pel推→推出去→逐出）

expose 暴露（ex+plse放→放出去→暴露）

exalt 使升高（ex+alt高→高出来→升高）

extract 抽出，拔出（ex+tract拉→拉出→拔出）

excise 切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)

exceed 超过，超出（ex+ceed走→走出→超出）

exhale 呼气（ex+hale气→出气→呼气）

exhume 掘出，挖出（ex+hume土→出土→挖出）

expurgate 净化；删去（ex+purg冲洗＋ate→冲洗出来→净化）

② 表示"前面的，前任的"

ex-wife 前妻（ex前+wife妻子）

ex-president 前任总统（ex前+president总统）

前缀：exo- 表示"外部的, 外面"

exotic 来自异国的（exo+tic→从外面来的）

exoteric 外界的，外面的（exo+teric→外面的）

exocentric 外向的，离心的（exo+centric中心的）

exosphere 外大气层（exo+sphere球；大气层）

exodus 大批移出（exo+odus大批量）

exothermic 放出热量的（exo+therm热＋ic→热外出→放热）

前缀：extra- 表示"以外的, 超过的"

extracurriculum 课外的(extra+curriculum课程表)

extraordinary 格外的（extra+ordinary变通的→超出普通）

extrasolar 太阳系以外的（extra+solar太阳的）

extraneous 外来的（extra+aneous…的→从外面来的）

extravagant 奢侈的（extra+vag走＋ant→走得过分→奢侈的）

extrovert 性格外向的（extra+vert转→〔性格〕向外转→外向）

extrapolate 推断（extra+polate放→放到〔事实〕外→推断）

extraviolet 紫外线的（extra+violet紫色的）

前缀：fore- 表示"前面, 预先

"

forestall 阻止（fore+stall阻止）

forebode 预兆；凶兆（fore+bode兆头→预兆）

forefather 前人，祖先（fore+father父亲；祖先）

forearm 前人，祖先（fore+amr胳膊）

forecast 预料（fore+cast扔→预先扔下→预料）

foreshadow 预示，暗示（fore+shadow影子→影子预先来）

前缀：hyper- 表示“超过, 太多”

hyperactive 活动过度的（hyper+active活动的）

hypersensitive 过敏的（hyper+sensitive敏感的）

hypercritical 吹毛求疵的（hyper+critical批评的）

hyperbole 夸张法（hyper+bole抛→活抛得高→夸张）

hypertension 过度紧张；高血压（hyper+tension紧张）

前缀：hypo- 表示“下面, 次等”

hypodermic 皮下的（hypo+derm皮＋ic）

hypothesis 假说，假设（hypo+thesis论文→还不是正式的理论→假说）

hypomnesia 记忆力减退（hypo+mnes记忆+ia→记忆变得不好）

hypotrophy 发育不良(hypo+trophy营养→营养不够→〔导致〕发育不良)

前缀：il-, ir-

① 放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”

illegal 非法的（il+legal合法的）

illiterate 不识字的（il+literate认字的）

illogical 不合逻辑的（il+logical逻辑的）

illimitable 无限的（il+limit限制+able）

irregular 不规则的（ir+regular规则的）

irrational 不合理的（ir+rational合理的）

irrelative 无关的（ir+relative相关的）

irresolute 无决断力的（ir+resolute果断的）

irreproadchable 无可指责的（ir+reproachable能被指责的）

irrefutable 无可反驳的（ir+refutable可反驳的）

irresistible 不可抗拒的（ir+resistible可抗拒的）

irrevocable 不可取消的（ir+revocable可取消的；来自：revoke取消）

② 表示“使….成为，进入”

illustrate 说明，阐明（il+lustr光＋ate→进入光明→说明）

illuminate 照亮；使明白（il+lumin光+ate→进入光明→说明）

illusion 幻觉（il+lus玩弄+ion→被〔幻觉〕玩弄→幻觉）

illusory 虚幻的（来自illusion）

irruption 闯入，冲入（ir+rupt断＋ion→打断〔别人〕→闯入）

irradiate 使明亮，生辉（ir+radi发光+ate→发光→生辉）

irritate 激怒；刺激（ir+rit擦+ate→进入磨擦→激怒）

前缀：im-, in-

① 表示“不，无，非”

impossible 不可能的（im+plssible可能的）

immoral 不道德的（im+moral道德的）

impolite 无礼的（im+polite礼貌的）

impartial 公平的（im+partial有偏见的）

impassive 无动于衷的（im+pass感情+ive→没感情）

impeccable 无瑕疵的（im+pecc斑点+able→无斑点的）

immortal 不朽的（im+mortal死的）

immutable 不变的（im+mutable可变的）

inglorious 不光彩的（in+glori光荣+ous→不光荣的）

incapable 无能力的（in+capable有能力的）

inhuman 不人道的（in+human人道的）

injustice 不公正（in+justice公正）

incorrigible 积习难改的（in+corrigible可改正的）

inconstant 多变的，无常的（in+constant稳定的）

indifferent 冷漠的（in+different不同的→同与不同的“事不关已” →冷漠的）

innocuous 无害的（in+noc毒害+ous→无害的）

inimitable 无可比拟的（in+imit模仿+able→不能模仿的）

insubordinate 不服从的，反抗的（in+subordnate服从的）

② 表示“向内，进入”

imprison 监禁（im+prison监狱）

impel 驱动（im+pel推→推进，驱动）

imperil 处于危险中（im+peril危险）

impulse 冲动（im+pulse跳动→冲动）

implicit 含蓄的（im+plic重叠+it→进入重叠→不直说→储蓄的）

impersonate 扮演，模仿（im+person人+ate→进入别人→扮演别人）

inborn 天生的（in+born出生的）

inaugurate 举行就职典礼（in+augur预兆，开始+ate→进入开始→就职；参考：augury预兆）

incentive 激励（in+cent唱歌+ive→把精神唱进去→激励）

incorporate 合并，并入（in+corpor团体+ate→成为团体）

inflame 使燃烧；激怒（in+flame火焰）

inspired 有灵感的（in+spired有呼吸的→有生命的，有灵感的）

indoor 户内的（in+door门→门内的）

前缀：inter- 表示“在…之间, 相互”

international 国际的（inter+national国家的）

interpersonal 人与人之间的（inter+personal个人的）

interpose 置于，介入（inter+pose放→放在二者之间）

intersect 横断（inter+sect切割 →在中间切→横断）

intervene 干涉（inter+vene走→走在二者之间→干涉）

interaction 相互影响（inter+action行动→相互行动→影响）

interchangeable 可互换的（inter+changeable可改变的）

interlude （活动间的）休息（inter+lude玩→在中间玩→活动间休息）

interrelate 相互关连（inter+relate关连）

前缀：intro- 表示“向内, 入内”

introduce 引入，介绍（intro+duce引→引进）

introspect 内省，反省（intro+pect看→向内看→内省）

introvert 内向（intro+vert转→向内转→内向）

intromit 插入，干预（intro+mit放→放进去→插入）

introversible 可向内翻的（intro+vers转＋able→能向内转的）

前缀：macro- 表示“宏伟, 大”

macroworld 宏观世界（macro+world世界）

macrostructure 宏观结构（macro+structure结构）

macroscale 大规模的（macro+scale规模）

macrobian 长寿的（macro+bi生命＋an→大生命→长寿）

macroclimate 大气候（macro+climate气候）

前缀：mal- 表示“坏, 恶”（亦作male）

malcontent 不满的（mal+content满意的）

malpractice 不法行为（mal+practice做事，实践→做坏事）

malnutrition 营养不良（mal+nutrition营养）

malediction 诅咒（male+dict说+ion→说坏话）

malefaction 坏事，恶行（male+fact做+ion→做坏事）

malodor 恶臭（mal+odor气味）

maltreat 虐待（mal+treat对待）

malapropism 字的误用（mala＋prop恰当+ism→[用字]不恰当；来自一喜剧中的Mrs.Malaprop,以用词错误闻名）

malevolent 恶意的（male+vol意志+ent→坏意志）

maladroit 笨拙的（mal+adroit灵巧的）

前缀：micro- 表示“微, 小”

microscope 显微镜（micro+scope看→看小东西→显微镜）

microworld 微观世界（micro+world世界）

microskirt 超短裙（micro+skirt裙子）

microwave 微波（micro＋wave波）

microbe 微生物（micro+be=bi生命→小生命→微生物）

microbiology 微生物学（micro+bilolgy生物学）

microfilm 微缩胶卷（micro+film胶片）

前缀：mini- 表示“小”

minibus 小公共汽车（mini+bus公共汽车）

miniskirt 超短裙（mini＋skirt裙子）

miniwar 小规模战争（mini+war战争）

miniature 小画象，缩影（mini+ature表示物品→小物品→小画象）

minify 使…缩小（mini+fy→小化）

minimal 最低限度的（minim=mini+al→最小的）

minimum 最小量（minim+um）

minion 仆人（minim+on→小人〔仆人自称小人〕）

deminish 缩小的，减少的（de+mini小+ish→使…小→缩小）

前缀：mis- 表示“错误, 坏”

mistake 错误（mis+take拿→拿错→错误）

misspell 拼写错误（mis+spell拼写）

misunderstand 误解（mis+understand理解）

misdoing 坏事（mis+doing做事）

misrule 对…施暴政（mis+rule统治→统治不善）

misfortune 不幸（mis+fortune幸运的）

mistrust 不信任（mis+trust相信）

misanthrope 愤世嫉俗者（mis+anthrope人→不喜欢人）

miscreant 恶棍（mis+creant做事的人→做坏事的人）

mishap 坏运气，不幸（mis+hap运气→运气不好）

mischievous 恶作剧的（mis+chiev＝chief首领＋ous→做坏事的首领）

前缀：mono- 表示“单个, 一个”

monarch 君主，独裁者（mon+arch统治者→一个统治者）

monogamy 一夫一妻制（mono+gamy婚姻）

monologue 独白（mono+logue说话→一个人说话→独白）

monopoly 垄断（mono+poly→独家卖→垄断）

monotonous 单调的（mono+ton声音+ous→一个声音→单调的）

前缀：multi- 表示”很多, 很多”

multilingual a. 多种语言的(multi+lingual方向的)

multidirectional a. 多方向的(multi+directional方向的)

multiple a.多样的;多功能的(multi+pile→多的→多功能的)

multiply a.乘;繁殖(multi+ply表动词→变多→乘)

multiform a.多种多样的(multi+form形式)

multicultural a.多种文化的(multi+cultural文化的)

multimedia a.多媒体的(multi+media媒介)

multitude a.多数;群众(multi+tude状态→多的状态→多数)

前缀：neo- 表示”新的”

neonatal a.新生的,被生的(neo+natal出生的)

neogamist a.新婚者(neo+gamist结婚者)

neolithic a.新石器时代的(neo+lith石头+ic)

neophilia a.喜新成癖(neo+phil爱+ia 病→爱新的病)

neologism a.新词(neo+log词语+ism→新词语)

neoteric a.新近的;现代的(neo+oteric表形容词→新近的)

前缀：non- 表示”不, 非”

nonexistent a.不存在的(non+existent存在的)

nonsmoking a.不准吸烟的(non+smoking吸烟的)

nonstop a.直达的(non+stop停止→不停→直达的)

nonchalant a.冷漠的(non+chalant关心的→不关心的)

nonconformist n.不遵循传统竽活的人(non+conform一致+ist→[和传统]不一致的人)

前缀：omni- 表示”全部.到处”

omnipresent a.无所不在的(omni+present出现的)

omnipotent a.全能的(omni+potent的能力的)

omniscient a.无所示在的(omni+scient知道的)

前缀：out-

① 表示”超过.过度”

outdo v.胜过,战胜(out+do做→做得超出别人)

outlive v.活得比…长(out+live活→超过别人活着)

outnumber v.在数量上超过(out+number数量)

outsize a.过大的(out+size范围→范围超出)

outwear v.穿破(out+wear穿→穿出了[洞])

outwit v.以机智取胜(out+wit机智→机智超出别人)

outbid v.出价多于(他人)(out+bid出价→出价超出)

outlaw n.歹徒(out+law法律→超越法律之人)

② 表示”出去.过时”

outside ad.在外面(out+side旁边→在外边)

outgoing a.友善的(out+going走→走出来→心胸宽→待人友善的)

outlandish a.奇异的(out+land地→ish→外地来的→奇异的)

outrage n.粗暴,暴行(out+rage怒气→怒气外露→粗暴)

outskirts n.郊区(out+skirts裙子;城市周边→郊区)

outflow v.流出(out+flow流→流出)

outbreak n.爆发(out+break断裂→事情断裂→爆发)

outline n.大纲;轮廓(out+line线条→划出线条→大纲)

outmoded a.过时的(out+moded时髦的→出了时髦→不时髦的)

前缀：over-

① 表示”过度,过分”

overstudy n.用功过度(over+study学习)

overwork n.过度劳累(over+work工作)

overact v.表演过火(over+act演出)

overdose n.药物过量(over+dose剂量)

overproduction n.生产过度(over+productoin生产)

overcrowded a.挤满的(over+crowded拥挤的)

② 表示”在……之上”

overlap n\v.重叠(over+lap交叉→[大腿]交叉→重叠)

iverride v.推翻,不理会(over+ride骑→骑在上面→推翻[下面的])

overwhelm v.压倒;泛滥(over+whelm推翻→翻过来→压倒)

overbridge n.天桥(over+bridge桥→上面的桥→天桥)

overlook v.俯视;疏忽(over+look看→在上面看→俯视,z上申为疏忽)

overcoat n.外套(over+coat衣服→在衣服上的衣服→外套)

overcome v.战胜,克服(over+come来→来到上面→战胜)

③表示“翻转”

overturn 颠覆（over+rurn转→翻转）

overthrow 推翻（over+throw扔→扔翻了→推翻）

overhaul 彻底检修（over+haul拉→拉过去检修）

前缀：paleo- 表示:”古, 旧”

paleozoology n. 古动物学(paleo+zoology动物学)

paleotechnic a. 古代技术的(paleo+technic技术的)

paleontology n. 古生物学(paleo+notology存在学→古代存在学→古生物学;参考:ontology本体论)

前缀：pan- 表示“广泛的”

pan-American 泛美的

pandemic 大范围流行的（pan+dem人民＋in→人民广泛〔染病〕→广为流行的）

panorama 全景，概观（pan+orama视力→视力所及→全景）

panegyric 颂词；颂扬(pan+egyr聚集+ic→聚集一堂→颂扬〔国王〕)

pansophic 全知的（pan+soph智慧→ic→智慧广→都知道）

前缀：para-

① 表示“半，类似，辅助”

parastatal 半官方的（para+sttal国家的）

parapolitical 半政治的（para+political政治的）

② 表示“在旁边”

paradigm 范例，示范（para+digm显示→在旁边显示给〔别人〕→示范）

paradox 矛盾的说法（para+dox观点→观点边上有观点→矛盾）

paragon 典范（para+gon角→旁边顶尖人物→典范）

paralogism 不合逻辑的推论（para+logism逻辑→在逻辑边上→不是逻辑）

③ 表示“降落伞”

parachute 降落伞（para+chute降下）

paradrop 空投，空降（para+drop扔下）

前缀：pen- 表示“近似, 差不多”

peninsula 半岛（pen+insula岛→似岛一样→半岛）

penultimate 倒数第二的（pen+ultimate最终→靠近最终一个→倒数第二）

前缀：per-

① 表示“贯穿，自始至终”

perspective 透视的（per+spect看＋ive→看透了→透视的）

perennial 全年的（per+ennial年→全年的）

perspire 出汗（per+spire呼吸→全身呼吸→出汗）

permanent 永久的（per+man拿住＋ent→永久拿住→永恒的）

persist 坚持（per+sist站→站到最后→坚持）

persuade 劝说（per+suade劝→一直劝→劝说）

percussion 敲打（per+cuss震＋ion→震动→敲打）

perspicacious 独具慧眼的（per+spic看＋acious→全部看到→独具慧眼）

pernicious 有害的，有毒的（per+nic毒+ious→有毒的）

perplexed 困惑的（per+plex重叠+ed→全部重叠在一起→困惑了）

perforate 打洞（per+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞）

permeate 渗透（per+me走+ate→走过去→渗透过去）

② 表示“假，坏”

perfidy 不忠，背叛（per+fid相信＋y→假相信→不忠诚）

perjury 伪证，假誓（per+jur发誓＋y→假发誓；参考：jury陪审团）

perfunctory 草率的（per+funct作用+ory→没起好作用→草率的）

perpetrate 做坏事；犯罪（per+petr=patr父亲＋ate→以父亲式态度对待别人→专横，做坏事）

pervert 堕落，滥用（per+vert转→转向坏→堕落）

前缀：peri- 表示“周围, 靠近”

perigon 周角，360度角（peri+gon角）

perimeter 周边（peri+meter测量→测量一圈→周边）

periphery 外围，不重要部分（peri+pher带有＋y→带到周围→外围）

前缀：poly- 表示“多”

polyandry 一妻多制（poly+andry男人）

polyglot 通晓多种语言者（poly+math数学；知识）

polyfunctional 多功能的（poly+functional有功能的）

前缀：post-

① 表示“在后面”

postwar 战后的（post+war战争）

postpone 推迟（post+phone放→放到后面→推迟）

postgraduate 大学毕业后的（post+graduate毕业）

postface 刊后语（post+face脸；前面→后面的脸→刊后语）

posterior 较后的（post＋erity表名词→后面的人→子孙）

② 表示“邮件，邮政”

postage 邮资（post+age钱；状态）

postoffice 邮局（post+office办公室）

postcard 明信片（post+card卡片）

postal 邮政的（post+al）

前缀：pre- 表示“….前的, 预先”

preschool 学龄前的（pre+school学校→上学前的）

prehistory 史前(pre+history历史)

prefix 前缀(pre+fix固定→固定在前面→前缀)

preposition 前置词,介词(pre+position位置→位置放在前面→前置词)

prepay 预付(pre+pay付钱)

prebuilt 预制的(pre+built建造)

preamble 前言,绪言(pre+amble跑→跑在前面→前言)

precaution 预防措施(pre+caution小心→预先小心→预防)

precede (在时间上)先于,早于(pre+cede走→走在前面→[时间上]先于)

precedent 先例(pre+ced走+ent→走在前面的东西→先例)

precept 规范;格言(pre+cept拿→以前拿好的[名言]→格言)

precinct 区域,范围(pre+cinct捆→预先捆好的→范围)

precipice 峭壁(pre+cipice头→在前面是尽头→峭壁)

precipitation 降落,仓促(pre+cipit头→ation→落在前头→降落,下降)

precise 精确的,精细的(pre+cise切→预先切好的→精确的)

preclude 妨碍;阻止(pre+clude关闭→提前关闭→阻止)

precocious 早熟的(pre+cocious熟→提前煮熟→早熟的)

predict 预言,预报(pre+dict说→预先说→预言)

predisposition 倾向,癖性(pre+disposition性情→性情预定→癖性)

preoccupation 全神贯注(pre+occup占有+ation→优先占有(注意力) →全神贯注)

prescient 有先见之明的(pre+scient知道的→预先知道)

prerogative 权利,特权(pre+rog要求+ative→预先要求→(有)特权)

前缀：pro-

① 表示“向前，在前”

progress 进步（pro+gress走→向前走）

project 投射出;工程项目(pro+ject+扔+扔向前面→投射;引申为工程项目)

prologue 前言,序言(pro+logue说→在前面说→前言)

promote 促进;提升(pro+mote动→向前动→促进)

protrude 向前突出(pro+trude突出→向前突出)

propel 推进(pro+pel推→向前推)

proficient 精通的;熟练的(pro+fici做+ent→做在[别人] 前面→精通)

profile 侧面像;轮廓(pro+file纱线→前面的线条)

profess 公开表明,坦白(pro+fess说→在前面说坦白)

prodigious (数量等)巨大的(pro=pro+ig=act做→做在前面,做得多→大量的)

proclivity 倾向性,癖性(pro+cliv倾斜+ity→向前倾斜)

procure (费心)取得,获得(pro+cure关心→关心在前→[想要]获得)

prominent 显著的,杰出的(pro+min伸+ent→向前伸出→杰出的)

prosecute 检举;指控(pro+secu追随+ate→追随到[法院]前面→检举;指控)

prospect 景象,前景(pro+spect看→向前看→前景)

provident 顾及未来的,有远见的(pro+vid看+ent→向前看的→有远见的)

provoke 激怒,刺激(pro+voke喊→在[你]前面喊→激怒[你])

② 表示“很多…”

procrastinate 拖延(pro+crastin明天+ate→有许多明天明日复明日→拖延)

procreate 生育(pro+create创造→创造很多→生儿育女)

profligate 浪费的,挥霍的(pro+flig打出+ate→把钱不断的打出去→挥霍)

proliferate 繁殖,增殖(pro+lifer带来+ate→带来很多生命→繁殖)

profit 利润,收益(pro+fit做→做很多→做得好→利润)

profuse 大量的,丰富的(pro+fuse流→流很多→大量的)

prolific 多产的,多育的(pro+lif带来+ic→带来东西→多产的)

prosperous 兴旺的,繁荣的(pro+sper希望+ous→希望很多→兴旺的)

③ 表示“赞同，亲…”

pro-American 亲美的

proslavery 赞成奴隶制的(pro+slavery奴隶制)

proabortionist 赞成堕胎者的(pro+abortion堕胎+ist)

前缀：paeudo- 表示“假, 伪”

pseudo 假的,虚伪的

pseudonym 假名,笔名(pseudo+nym名字)

pseudoscience 伪科学(pseudo+science科学)

pseudograph 冒名作品(pseudo+graph写→写出的假东西)

pseudology 谎话(pseudo+ology说话→学科说假话)

前缀：re-

①表示“向后，相反，不”

reflect 回想;反射(re+flect弯曲→反弯曲→反射)

retreat 后退,撤退(re+treat拉→拉回来→撤退)

retract 缩回;收回(re+tract拉→拉回,缩回)

resist 反抗,抵抗(re+sist站→反着站→反抗)

reverse 反转的,颠倒的(re+verse转→反转的)

revolt 反叛(re+volt转→反过转→反叛)

resent 忿恨,不满(re+sent感觉→反感→不满)

relinquish 不再采取行动,放弃(re+linqu离开+ish→离开不再要→放弃)

renegade 撤消； 取消（re+peal呼吁→反呼吁→取消；参考：appeal呼吁）

repel 驱除，击退（re+pel推→击退）

repose 休息；躺下（re+plse放→入下〔工作〕→休息）

reprobate 道德败坏之人（re+prob正直＋ate→不正直→败坏）

repugnant 令人厌恶的（re+pugn打＋ant→[把人]打回去→〔行为〕令人厌恶的）

resonant 回响的；洪亮的（re+son声音+ant→声音回过来→回响的）

②表示“一再，重新”

resplendent 辉湟的（re+splend光辉＋ent→再光辉→辉煌的）

reappear 再出现（re+appear出现）

rearrage 重新安排（re+arrange安排）

reassure 消除某人疑虑（re+assure放心）

recapitulate 重述；概括（re+capit头＋ulate→重新把头拿出来→概括要点）

recidivism 重新犯罪（re+cidiv掉下＋ism→再次掉入罪行）

reclaim 取回,回收（re+claim喊→喊回来→取回，引申为开垦荒地）

recommend 赞扬；推荐（re+commend赞扬→一再赞扬）

recompense 报酬；赔偿（re+compense补偿）

refurbish 刷新；擦亮（re+furbish装饰→再装饰→刷新）

regenerate 改过自新的（re+gener产生＋ate→重新产生生命→改过自新的）

reincarnate 化生，转生(re+in入＋carn肉＋ate→重新进入肉体→产生)

reinstate 重新恢复职位（re+in+state国家，权力→重新进入权力）

reiterate 重申（re+iterate重说→反复重说）

resurgence 复兴，再起（re+surg浪浪潮＋ence→重起浪潮→复兴）

reverberate 起回声，反响（re+verber震动＋ate→重新震动→起回声）

前缀：retro- 表示“向后, 倒退”

retrograd 后退，倒退（retro+grade走→向后走）

retrogress 倒退，退化（retro+gress走→向后走）

retrospect 回顾，回想（retro+spect看→向后看）

retroaction 倒行，反动（retro+action行动→向后行动→倒行逆施）

retroject 向后投射（retro+ject扔→向后扔）

retrovert 把….翻转；使倒退（retro+vert转→向后转→侄退）

前缀：se- 表示“分开, 离开, 区别开”

secede 正式退出（组织）（se+cede走→走开→退出）

seclude 和别人隔离；隐居（se+clude关闭→分开关→隐居的）

secrete 分泌；藏匿（se+crete分辨→分辨开→分泌；藏起来；）

sedition 煽动叛乱（sed=se+it走＋ion→分开走→煽动叛乱）

seduce 勾引，诱惑（se+duce引→引开→勾引别人）

segregate 隔离（se+greg群＋ate→和人群分开→隔离）

sever 切断；脱离（se+ver分开→分离开→切断）

select 选出（se+lect选→选出分开）

前缀：sub-

① 表示“在下面，次一等，副手”

subdue 征服；减轻（sub+due从属→从属在下面→征服）

subjugate 镇压；征服（sub+jug牛轭＋ate→套上牛轭→镇压）

subliminal 潜意识的（sub+limin门槛＋al→在门槛下→在意识之下→潜意识的）

submerge 沉没，淹没(sub+merge淹没→淹没下去)

submissive 恭顺的（sub+miss给→ive→在下面给→恭顺的）

subordinate 附属的（sub+ordin顺序＋ate→顺序在下→附属的）

suborn 收买，贿赂（sub+orn装饰→在下面装饰→贿赂）

subscribe 捐献，订购（sub+scribe写→在下面写上名字→订购）

subside 下陷；平息（sub+terr地＋anean→地下的）

subterranean 地下的（sub+terr转→转下去→推翻）

subcontinent 次大陆（sub+continetn大陆）

subtropics 亚热带（sub+tropics热带）

subtitle 副标题（sub+tropics热带）

subeditor 助理编辑（sub+editor编辑）

suboffice 分办事处（sub+office办公室）

② 表示“接近，靠近”

subcentral 接近中心的（sub+central中心的）

subaratic 近北极的（sub+arctic北极的）

subadult 接近成年的（sub+adult成年人）

subacid 略酸的（sub+acid酸）

subarid 有点干燥的（sub+arid干燥的）

前缀：suc-, suf-, sup-, sur- 等在同辅音词根前表示“在…下面”

succeed 成功（suc+ceed走→从下走到上面→成功）

succinct 简洁的，简明的（suc+cinct捆→在下面先捆好→简洁的）

succumb 屈从；死亡（suc+cumb躺→躺下去→屈从；死亡）

sufficient 足够的（suf+fici做+ent→在下面先做好，用的时候→足够的）

suffer 受苦（suf+fer带→带到下面去→受苦）

suffix 后缀（suf+fix固定→在后面固定→后缀）

suffocate 窒息（suf+foc喉咙＋ate→把〔手〕放喉咙下→窒息）

suffuse 弥漫，染遍（suf+fuse流→流下去→流遍，染遍）

supplant 排挤，取代（sup+plant种植→种在下面，把上面的取代）

supplicant 哀求的恳求的（sup+plic重量＋ant→双膝重叠跪下→哀求的）

supplicate 恳求,乞求（sup+plic重叠＋ate→〔膝盖〕重叠跪下→恳求）

support 支持（sup+port带→带来支持）

suppress 镇压，压制（sup+press压→压下去）

suppose 猜想，推测（sup+pose放→放下去想→猜想）

surreptitious 鬼鬼崇崇的（sur+rept爬＋itious→在下面爬→鬼鬼崇崇的）

surrogate 代替品；代理人（sur+rog要求＋ate→要求下面〔有人〕→代理人）

surround 包围（sur+round圆圈→在下面围一圈）

surrounding 环境（surround+ing→被围起来的状态→环境）

前缀：sur- 表示“超过, 在上面”

surface 表面（sur+face脸面）

surpass 超过（sur+pass通过→在上面通过→超越）

surrealism 超现实主义（sur+realism现实主义）

surmount 登上，超越（sur+mount山→在山上→登上）

surplus 多余的（sur+plus多余；加→多出很多）

surcharge 附加费（sur+charge收费→额外的收费→附加费）

surveillance 临视；看守（sur+veil看＋lance→在上面看→临视）

survival 幸存，生存（sur+viv活＋al→经过事故活着→幸存）

前缀：super-

① 表示“超级，超过，过度”

supersized 超大型的（super+sized有范围的）

supersonic 超音速的（super+sonic声音的）

supernatural 超自然的（super+natural自然的）

superfluous 多余的（super+flu流＋ous→流出太多）

supercilious 目中无人的（super+cili眉毛＋ous→在眉毛上看人→目中无人）

supersensitive 过度敏感的（super+sensitive敏感的）

supercharge 负载过重（super+chrage收费，负担→负担过重）

② 表示“在…上面”

supervise 临视（super+vise看→在上面看→临视）

superstructure 上层建筑（super+structure结构）

superimpose 放…上面，强加（super+impose放上去→在上面放→强加）

superficial 肤浅的（super+fic做＋ial→在表面上做）

superintend 监督（super+intend关心→在上面关心→监督）

supersede 淘汰；取代（super+sede坐→坐上去→淘汰〔以前的东西〕）

superstition 迷信（super+stit站+ion→站在人〔理智〕之上的东西→迷信）

前缀：sus- 表示“在…下面”

susceptible 易受感染的，易受影响的（sus+cept拿+ible→能被拿下→易受影响）

susceptive 有接受力的；敏感的（sus+cept拿+ive→有拿下的能力→有接受力的）

suspect 怀疑（sus+pect看→在下面看一看→怀疑）

suspend 悬挂，中止（sus+pend挂→挂在下面→悬挂）

suspense 担心；悬而不决（sus+pense挂→一颗心挂着）

suspire 叹息，渴望（sus+pire呼吸→喝望）

sustain 支撑；承受（sus+tain握住→在下面握住→支撑）

sustenance 生活资料，粮食（sus+ten支撑＋ance→支撑下去的东西→粮食；坚持）

前缀：sym-, syn- 表示“共同, 相同”

sympathy 同情（sym+pathy感情）

symphony 交响乐（sym+phony声音）

symmetry 对称（sym+metry测量→两边测量一样→对称）

symbiosis 共生（sym+bio生命+sis→共同生命）

symposium 专题讨论会（sym+pos放+ium→放在一起〔讨论〕→专题讨论）

synchronous 同时发生的（syn+chron时间＋ous→共同时间的）

synonym 同义词（syn+onym名字→名字相同→同义词）

synthesis 合成（syn+thesis放→放在一起→合成）

synopsis 摘要，概要（syn+ops选择+is→共同选出→摘要）

syndrome 综合症状（syn+drome跑→跑到一起→综合症）

前缀：trans-

① 表示“横过，越过”

transcontinetal 横贯大陆的（trans+continental大陆的）

transnormal 超出常规的（trans+noraml正常的）

transcend 超越，胜过（trans+scend爬→爬过→超越）

transgress 冒犯；违背（trans+gress走→横着走→冒犯）

transmit 传送，传播（trans+mit送→横着送消息→传播）

transparent 透明的（trans+par平等＋ent→横穿过去看得一样清楚→透明的）

transect 横切，横断（trans+sect切→横切）

② 表示“变换，改变，转移”

tranplant 移植（trans+plant种→转移过去→移植）

transaction 交易；办理（trans+action行动→交换行动→交易）

transcribe 抄写，转录（trans+scribe写→把写的东西移到〔另一张纸上〕→抄写）

transfigure 改观；变形（trans+figure形状→改变形状）

transfuse 输血；充满（trans+fuse流→〔血〕流过去→输血）

transitory 短暂的（trans+it走＋ory→走过就变→输血）

transmogrify 变得古怪，变形（trans+mogr怪形状＋ify→变成怪形状）

前缀：ultra-

① 表示“极端”

ultrapure 极纯的（ultra＋pure纯的）

ultramilitant 极端好战的（ultra+militant好斗的）

ultraclean 极洁净的（ultra+clean干净的）

ultra-reactionary 极端反动的（ultra+reactionary反动的）

ultraliberal 极端自由主义的（ultra+liberal自由的）

② 表示“超出，超过”

ultrasonic 超音速的（ultra+sonic声音的）

ultramodern 超现代化的（ultra+modern现代化的）

ultramundane 超俗的（ultra+mudane俗气的）

ultrared 红外线的（ultra+red红色的）

ultraviolet 紫外线的（ultra+violet紫色的）

前缀：un-

① 表示“不，无，非，没有”

unreal 不真实（un+real真实的）

unequal 不平等的（un+equal平等的）

unfortunate 不幸的（un+fortunate幸运的）

unabashed 不害臊的（un＋abashed难为情的）

unassuming 不摆架子的（un+assuming自以为是的）

uncommitted 不承担责任的（un+committed担责任的）

unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的（un+scrupulosu小心的）

untoward 不幸的；逆境的（un+toward顺利的→不顺的）

unconditional 无条件的(un+conditional有条件的)

unlimitted 无限的（un+limited有限的）

unambitious 无野心的（un+ambitious有雄心的）

unconscionable 无节制的（un+conscionabe明智的）

unfailing 无尽的，无穷的（un+failing有尽头；失败的→没有尽头的）

unofficial 非官方的（un+official官方的）

unjust 非正义的（un+just公正的）

unworldly 非尘世的（un+worldly世俗的）

uneducated 未受教育的（un+educated有教养的）

uncivilized 未开化的（un+civilized文明的）

undecided 未决定的（un+decided决定的）

unalloyed 未掺杂的（un+alloy合金，混合＋ed→没混合的）

uncharted 图上没标明的（un+chared图上标明的）

② 表示“打开，解开，弄出”

unlock 开锁（un+lock锁）

unbind 解开（un+bind捆住）

unbutton 解开钮扣（un+botton钮扣）

uncover 揭开盖子（un+cover盖子）

undress 脱衣服（un+dress衣服）

untomb 掘墓（un+tomb墓）

unearth 从地下挖出（un+earth土地）

unbosom 吐露）（un+bosom胸→打开心胸→吐露）

unravel 解开；拆散（un+ravel纠缠）

前缀：under-

① 表示“在…下”

underground 地下的（under+ground地）

underwrite 在…下面写（under+write写）

underline 划线于…下（under+line线，在字底下划线，引申为强调）

undersea 在海底（under+sea海）

undermine 破坏，损坏（under+mine挖→挖墙角）

underling 下属（under+ling小人物→下属）

underclothing 内衣裤（under+clothing衣服）

underwear 内衣（under+wear穿衣服）

② 表示“不足，不够”

underestimate 估计不足（under+estimate估计）

underplay 对…轻描淡写（under+play玩→没玩够→说得不够的）

underpopulated 人口稀少的（under+populated有人住的）

underdeveloped 不发达的（under+developed发展→发展不够）

undersized 不够大的（under+sized大的→不够大的）

③ 表示“副手”

underagent 副代理人（under+agent代理人）

underofficer 下级官员（under+officer官员）

前缀：cata- 表示“向下, 相反, 离开”

cataclysm 洪水；大灾难（cata离开＋clysm洪水，冲→被洪水冲掉→大灾难）

catalog 目录（cata向下＋log说→在下面要说的话→目录）

catastrophe 灾难，大祸（cata+strophe转→转下去→灾难临头）

cataract 大瀑布（cata+ract冲→向下冲→瀑布）

前缀：deca- 表示“十”

decagon 十角形（deca+gon角）

decameter 十米（deca+meter米）

前缀：deci- 表示“十分之一”

decimeter 十分之一米（deci+meter米）

decigram 十分之一克（deci+gram克）

decimate 大量毁灭（decim=deci+ate→杀十分之一，大批杀死）

前缀：demi- 表示“半”

demigod 半神半人（demi+god神）

demilune 半月（demi+lune月亮）

demirep 名声不好的女人（demi+rep=reputation名声→名声一半不好）

demi-fixed 半固定的

前缀：endo- 表示“内部”

endogenous 内生的，自生的（endo+gen产生+ous→内部产生的）

endocardial 心脏内的（endo+card心＋ial）

前缀：hecto- 表示“百, 许多”

hectogram 一百克（hecto+gram克）

hectowatt 一百瓦（hecto+watt瓦）

前缀：hemi- 表示“半”

hemisphere 半球（hemi+sphere球）

hemicycle 半圆形（hemi+cycle圆，循环）

前缀：hepta- 表示“七”

heptagon 七角形（hepta+gon角）

heptaglot 使用七种语言的（hepta+glot语言，舌头）

前缀：hexa- 表示“六”

hexagon 六角形（hexa+gon角）

前缀：holo- 表示“全部”

holography 全息摄影（holo+graphy写→全部写下→全息摄影）

前缀：intra- 表示“在内, 内部”

intraparty 党内的（intra+party党）

intracollegiate 大学内的（intra+collegiate大学的，学院的）

intrapersonal 个人内心的（intra+personal个人的）

intranational 国内的（intra+national国家的）

前缀：iso- 表示“等, 同”

isotherm 等温线（iso+therm热）

isogeny 同源（iso+geny产生→共同产生→同源）

isomorphic 同形的（iso+morhp形状+ic）

前缀：kilo- 表示“一千”

kilogram 公斤（kilo+gram克→一千克，公斤）

kilometer 公里（kilo+meter米→一千米，公里）

kilowatt 千瓦（kilo+watt瓦）

前缀：meta- 表示“超过, 改变”

metabolism 新陈代谢（mata+bol抛＋ism→抛〔旧〕变新）

metamorphism 变形；变性（meta+morph形状+ism→变形）

metaphor 隐喻（meta+phor带来→〔语言〕改变着说→隐喻）

metaphysis 形而上学（meta+physics物质；物理→物质之上的学科→形而上学）

metapsy 超心理学，灵学（meta+psych心灵＋ology学科）

前缀：milli- 表示“千, 千分之一”

millennial 一千年的（mill+enn年＋ial）

millimeter 毫米（milli+meter→千分之一米）

前缀：ob- 表示“逆, 倒, 加强意义”

oblique 倾斜的（ob+lique歪斜→歪斜的）

oblivion 忘却，忘记（ob+liv活＋ion→[记忆]不活了→忘记）

obscure 模糊的（obs=ob+cure关心→不关心→记不住了→模糊的）

obsolete 过时的（ob离开＋sol太阳＋ete→离开太阳了→放在角落不用了）

obsolete 钝的；愚蠢的（ob+tuse可能来自use→不能用了→钝的）

前缀：octa- 表示“八”（亦作octo）

octagon 八角形（octa+gon角）

october 十月

octolateral 八边的（octo+lateral边的）

前缀：penta- 表示“五”

pentagon 五角形；五角大楼（penta+gon角）

pentagram 五角星形（penta+gram写，图→五角形图形）

pentoxide 五氧化物（pent+penta+oxide氧化物）

前缀：quadri-, quadru- 表示“四”

quadrangle 四角形（quadr+angle角）

quadricycle 四轮车（quadri+cycle轮子）

quadrilateral 四边的（quadri+lateral边）

前缀：quasi- 表示“类似, 准”

quasi-official 半官方的

quasi-judicial 准司法性的

前缀：semi- 表示“半”

semimonthly 半月刊（semi+monthly月刊）

semicolony 半殖民地（semi+colony殖民地）

semiconductor 半导体（semi+conductor导体）

semicircle 半圆（semi+circle圆）

semiautomatic 半自动的（semi+automatic自动的）

前缀：sept, septi- 表示“七”

septangle 七角形（sept+angle角）

septiateral 七边的（septi+lateral边）

september 九月

前缀：sex- 表示“六”

sexangle 六角形（sex+angle角）

sexfoil 六叶形（sex+foil树叶→六叶；）

前缀：step- 表示“后, 继或前夫（妻）所生”

stepfather 继父

stepdaughter 前夫（妻）之女

stepbrother 异父（母）兄弟

前缀：stereo- 表示“立体”

stereosonic 立体声的（stereo+sonic声音的）

sterograph 立体照片（stereo+graph写，照片；）

stereoram 立体图（stereo+gram写，图→立体图）

前缀：supra- 表示“超….”

supra-class 超阶级的

supranatonal 超国家的

supramundane 超现世的（supra+mundane世俗的）

前缀：tetra- 表示“四”

tetracycline 四环素（tetra+cycl环，圈＋ine素）

tetragon 四角形（tetra+gon角）

前缀：tri- 表示“三”

triangle 三角形（tri+angle角）

tricycle 三轮脚踏车（tri+cycle轮子）

triple 三倍的（tri+ple=ply表示增加）

tripod 三脚架（tri+pod脚）

前缀：twi- 表示“二, 两”

twilight 黎明，黄昏（twi+light光→黑白光交替）

twiformed 有两种形式的（twi+form形状＋ed）

前缀：uni- 表示“一个, 单一”

uniform 一贯的，一致的（uni+form形状）

unique 独一无二（uni+que表形容词）

unison 和谐，协调（uni+son声音→一个声音→和谐）

前缀：vice- 表示“副”

vice-president 副总统

vice-manager 副经理

前缀：with- 表示“向后, 相反”

withdraw 撤消，撤退（with+draw拉→向相反拉→撤退）

withdrawn 隐退（with+drawn被拉→被拉回去→隐退的）

withhold 阻止（with+hold拿住→拿住不让向前→阻止）

词根：aer(o) 空气, 空中, 航空

aerial [aer空气，-ial形容词后缀] 空气的，大气的，航空的

aeriform [aer空气，-i-，-form如…形状] 气状的，气体的

aerify [aer空气，-i-，fy动词后缀，使成为] 使成为气体，使气体化

aerification [aer空气，-i-，-fication名词后缀，化为] 气化

aerodrome [aero空中，航空→飞机，drom跑，行;’飞机滑行的地方”] 飞机场

aerodynamics [aero空中，dynam力，-ics…学] 空气动力学

aerogram [aero空中，gram书写→信;’空中信”] 无线电报，航空信件

aerolith [aero空中，天空，lith石;’由天空落下的石头”] 陨石

aerolithology [见上，-logy…学] 陨石学

aerology [aero空气，-logy…学] 大气学，气象学

aeroscopy [aero空气，scopy观看] 大气观测

aerometer [aero空气，meter测量器] 气体测量器，气体，比重计

aerobiology [aero空气，biology生物学] 大气生物学

aeromedicine [aero天空，航空，medicine医学] 航空医学

aeromechanics [aero航空，mechanics力学] 航空力学

词根：anthrop(o) 人, 人类

anthropology [anthropo人类，-logy…学] 人类学

anthropologist [anthropo人类，-logist…学者] 人类学者

anthropoid [anthrop人，-oid似…的] 似人的，类人猿

anthroposcopy [anthrop人，scopy看;’观人面相”] 观相学

anthroposociology [anthrop人类，sciology社会学] 人类社会学

anthropotomy [anthrop人→人体，tomy切，割→解剖] 人体解剖(学)

philanthropy [phil爱，anthrop人类，-y表抽象名词;’爱人类”] 仁爱，慈善，博爱主义

philanthropist [见上，-ist表示人] 博爱主义者，慈善家

philanthropic [见上，-ic…的] 博爱的，慈善的

misanthropy [mis=miso厌，恨，恶，anthrop人类] 厌世，厌恶人类

misanthropist [见上，-ist表示人] 厌世者，厌恶人类者

misanthropic [见上，-ic，…的] 厌世的，厌恶人类的

词根：cosm(o) 世界, 宇宙

cosmic [cosm宇宙，-ic…的] 宇宙的

cosmism [cosm宇宙，-ism论] 宇宙论，宇宙进化论

cosmics [cosm宇宙，-ics…学] 宇宙学

cosmology [cosmo宇宙，-logy…学] 宇宙学，宇宙论

cosmologic [cosmo宇宙，-logic…学的] 宇宙学的，宇宙论的

cosmologist [cosmo宇宙，-logist…学者] 宇宙论学者

cosmonaut [cosmo宇宙，naut船→航行者] 宇宙航行员

cosmonautics [见上，-ics…学] 宇宙航行学，宇宙航行术

cosmopolis [cosmo世界，polis城市;’世界城市”] 国际都市

cosmopolitan [cosmo世界，ploit=polis城市] 全世界的，世界主义的，世界主义者

cosmopolitanism [见上，-ism主义] 世界主义

cosmos 宇宙

microcosm [micro微，小，cosm世界;’小世界”] 微观世界

microcosmic [见上，-ic…的] 微观世界的，小宇宙的

macrocosm [macro大，cosm世界;’大世界”] 宏观世界

macrocosmic [见上，-ic…的] 宏观世界的，宏观宇宙的

词根：cycl(c) 圆, 环, 轮

unicycle [uni单一，独，cycl轮] 独轮脚踏车

bicycle [bi-两，二，cycl轮;’两轮车”] 自行车

tricycle [tri三，cycl轮] 三轮脚踏车，三轮摩托车

auotcycle [auto-自己→自动，cycl轮→车] 摩托车，机器脚踏车

hemicycle [hemi-半，cycl圆] 半圆形，半圆形结构

cycle [cycl圆→圆周] 周期，循环，一转

cyclical [见上，-ical形容词后缀] 周期的，循环的，轮转的

cyclometer [cyclo圆，meter测量器] 圆弧测定器，车轮转数记录器

cyclograph [cyclo圆，graph写，画] 圆弧规

cyclone [cycl圆→旋转，-one名词后缀] 旋风，气旋

tetracycline [tetra四，cycl环，-ine表药物名称] [药]四环素

词根：dem(o) 人民

democracy [demo人民，cracy统治;’人民统治”→人民做主] 民主，民主政治，心政体，民主主义

democrat [见上，crat主张…统治的人] 民主主义者

democratism [见上，-ism主义] 民主主义

democratize [见上，-ize…化] 民主化，使民主化

democratic [见上，-ic…的] 民主的，民主主义的，民主政体的

demagogue [dem人民→群众，agog引导→鼓励，煽动;’煽动群众者”] 煽动者，蛊惑民心的政客

demagogism [见上，-ism表示主义或行为] 煽动，煽动主义

demagogic [见上，-ic…的] 煽动的，蛊惑的

demography [demo人民→人数，人口，graphy写，记录→统计] 人口统计学

endemic [en-表示in，dem人民，-ic…的;’属于某种人的”，’属于某地人的”] 某地人(或某种人)特有的，(疾病等)地方性的

epidemic [epi-在…之间，dem人民，-ic…的;’流行于人民之中的”] 流行性的，传染的，流行病，时疫

epidemiology [见上，-io-连接字母，-logy…学] 流行病学

epidemiologist [见上，-logist…学者] 流行病学者

epidemiological [见上，-logical…学的] 流行病学的

pandemic [pan-全，遍，dem人民，-ic…的;’遍行于人民之中的”] (疾病)大流行的，大流行病

词根：gyn, gynec(o) 妇女

gynecology [gyneco妇女，-logy…学] 妇科学，妇科

gynecologist [见上，-ist人] 妇科医生

gynecoid [gynec妇女，-oid如…的] 如妇女的，有女性特征的

gynecian [gynec妇女，-ian…的] 妇女的，妇人的

androgyny [andro男，gyn女，-y名词后缀] 具有男女两性，半男半女

philogyny [philo爱好，gyn妇女，-y名词后缀] 对女人的爱好，爱女人

philogynist [见上，-ist人] 喜爱女人的人

misogyny [miso厌恶，gyn妇女，-y名词后缀] 厌女症，厌恶女人

misogynic [见上，-ic…的] 厌恶女人的

misogynist [见上，-ist人] 厌恶女人的人

monogyny [mono-单一，一个，gyn妇女→妻，-y名词后缀] 一妻制

monogynous [见上，-ous…的] 一妻制的

polygyny [poly-多，gyn妇女→妻，-y名词后缀] 多妻，一夫多妻制

polygynous [见上，-ous…的] 一夫多妻的

词根：helic(o) 螺旋

helicopter [helico螺旋，旋转，pter翼;’装有旋转的翼”，利用”旋翼”飞行] 直升飞机

heliport [heli=helicopter] 直升飞机场

helilift [heli=helicopter，lift搬起] 用直升飞机运输

helical [helic螺旋，-al…的] 螺旋形的

helicity [helic螺旋，-ity抽象名词后缀] 螺旋性

helicoid [helic螺旋，-oid表示…形，…体] 螺旋体(的)，螺状的

词根：magn(i) 大

magnanimous [magn大，anim心神→气度，器量，-ous…的] 大度的，宽宏大量的

magnanimity [见上，-ity名词后缀] 大度，宽宏大量

magnify [magni大，-fy使…] 放大，扩大

magnifiable [见上，-able可…的] 可放大的

magnification [见上，-fication名词后缀] 放大，放大率

magnifier [见上，-er者] 放大者，放大器，放大镜

magniloquent [magni大，loqu言，-ent…的] 夸口的，夸张的，华而不实的

magnitude [magn大，-itude名词后缀] 巨大，广大

magnific [magni大，-fic形容词后缀，…的] 宏大的，壮丽的

magnificent [见上，-ent…的] 壮丽的，宏伟的

magnifico [见上，-o名词后缀，表示人;’大人物”] 高官，贵人

词根：mis(o) 恨, 厌恶

misanthropy [mis厌恶，anthrop人类，-y名词后缀] 厌恶人类，厌世，愤世嫉俗

misanthropist [见上，-ist] 厌恶人类者，厌世者

misanthropic [见上，-ic…的] 厌恶人类的，厌世的

misanthropize [见上，-ize动词后缀] 厌感人类，厌世

misogamy [miso厌恶，gam结婚，-y名词后缀] 厌婚症

misogamist [见上，-ist者] 厌恶结婚者

misogyny [miso厌恶，gyn女，-y名词后缀;’厌恶女人”] 厌女症

misogynic [见上，-ic…的] 厌恶女人的

misogynist [见上，-ist者] 厌恶女人者

misoneism [miso厌恶，ne=neo新，-ism主义] 厌新，守旧主义

misoneist [见上，-ist者] 厌新者，守旧者

词根：patr(i) 父, 祖

patriarch [patri父，祖，arch首脑，长] 家长，族长

patriarchal [见上，-al…的] 家长的，族长的，家长似的

patriarchy [见上，-y名词后缀] 父权制，父权制社会

patrimony [patri父，祖，-mony名词后缀] 祖传的财物，遗产

patriot [patri祖→祖国，-ot名词后缀，表示人] 爱祖国者，爱国主义者

patriotic [见上，-otic形容词后缀，…的] 爱国的

patriotism [见上，-ism主义] 爱国主义，爱国心

unpatriotic [un-不，见上] 不爱国的

compatriot [com-同，patri祖→祖国，-ot表示人] 同国人，同胞，同国的

expatriate [ex-外，出外，patri祖→祖国，-ate动词兼名词后缀] 把…逐出国外，移居国外，被逐出国外者

expatriation [见上，-ation名词后缀] 逐出国外

repatriate [re-回，patri祖→祖国，-ate动词兼名词后缀] 把…遣返回国，回国;遣返回国者

repatriation [见上，-ation名词后缀] 遣返回国

patron [patr父-on名词后缀，表示人;’具有家长职责(或身份、权限等)的人”] 庇护人，保护人

patronage [见上，-age表身份] 保护人的身份

patronize [见上，-ize动词后缀] 保护，庇护

patronymic [patr父，onym名，-ic…的] 来源于父名(或祖先名)的(姓)

词根：petr(o) 石

petroleum [petr石，ol(e)没，-um名词后缀] 石油

petrolic [petr石，ol(e)油，-ic…的] 石油的

petroliferous [petr石，-ol(e)油，-i-，fer具有，-ous…的] 含石油的，产石油的

petrolize [petrol石油，-ize动词后缀] 用石油处理

petrify [petri石，-fy使…化] 使石化

petrification [petri石，-fication名词后缀，化] 石化作用

petrochemistry [petro石→石油chemistry化学] 石油化学

petrous [petr石，-ous…的] 岩石(似)的，硬的

词根：phil(o) 爱

philanthropy [phil爱，anthrop人类，-y名词后缀;’爱人类”] 博爱主义，慈善，善心

philanthropist [见上，-ist者] 慈善家

philogyny [philo爱，gyn妇女，-y名词后缀] 对女人的爱好

philogynist [见上，-ist者] 喜爱妇女的人

philology [philo爱，log语言，-y名词后缀] 语言学

philologist [见上，-ist者] 语言学家

photophilous [photo光，phil爱，-ous…的] (植物)喜光的

bibliophilist [biblio书，phil爱，-ist者] 爱好者，书籍爱好者

bibliophilism [见上，-ism表特性] 爱书癖

hippophile [hippo马，phil爱] 爱马者

zoophilist [zoo动物，phil爱，-ist者] 爱护动物者

zoophilous [见上，-ous…的] 爱护动物的

Sinophile [Sino中国] 喜爱中国文化的人

Japanophile 亲日派人物

Russophile 亲俄分子

Anglophile 亲英派的人

Americanophile 亲美者

词根：phob(ia) 怕

photophobia [photo光，phob怕，-ia名词后缀] 怕光，畏光，羞明

dentophobia [dento牙，phob怕，-ia名词后缀] 害怕牙科治疗

hydrophobia [hydro水，phob怕，-ia名词后缀] 恐水病

hydrophobic [见上，-ic…的] 恐水病的

neophobia [neo-新，phob怕，-ia名词后缀] 新事物恐怖

xenophobe [xeno异，外国人，phob怕] 畏惧和憎恨外国人的人

xenophobic [见上，-ic…的] 畏惧和憎恨外国人的

xenophobia [见上] 对外国人的畏惧和憎恨

zoophobia [zoo动物，phob怕，-ia名词后缀] 动物恐怖症，对动物的恐惧

词根：the(o) 神

theism [the神，-ism论] 有神论

theist [见上，-ist者] 有神论者

theistic [见上，-istic形容词后缀，…的] 有神论的

theology [theo神，-logy…学] 神学

theologian [见上，-ian者] 神学研究者，神学家

theocracy [theo神，cracy权力，统治] 神权政治，僧侣政治

theocratic [见上，-ic…的] 神权政治的，僧侣政治的

antitheism [anti-反对，theism有神论] 反有神论

antitheist [见上，-ist者] 反有神论者

atheism [a-无，theism] 无神论

atheist [见上，-ist者] 无神论者

atheistic [见上，-istic…的] 无神论的

monotheism [mono-单一，the神，-ism论] 一神论，一神教

monotheist [见上，-ist者] 一神论者，信一神教者

polytheism [poly-多，the神，-ism论] 多神论，多神主义，多神教

polytheist [见上，-ist者] 多神论者，多神主义者，多神教徒

词根：ver(i) 真实

very [ver真实，-y形容词后缀，…的] 真实的，真正的，真的，十足的

verily [veri真实，-ly副词后缀，…地] 真正地，肯定地，真实地，忠实地

veracious [ver真实，-acious形容词后缀，…的] 真实的，准确的，讲实话的，诚实的

veracity [veri真实，-acity抽象名词后缀] 真实性，确实，准确(性)，诚实，讲实话

verify [veri真实，-fy动词后缀] 证实，核实，查证

verifiable [见上，-able可…的] 可证实的，可核实的，可检验的

verification [veri真实，-fication抽象名词后缀] 证实，核实，证明

verifier [见上，-fier表示人或物] 核实者，检验者，核实器，检验器

verisimilar [veri真实，similar相似] 似乎是真的，貌似真实的

verisimilitude [veri真实，simil相似，-itude抽象名词后缀] 逼真，貌似真实，逼真的事物，貌似真实的事物

verism [ver真实，-ism主义] 真实主义

verity [veri真实，-ty抽象名词后缀] 真实性，事实

veritable [见上，-able…的] 确实的，真正的，名符其实的

前缀：a-

1、无、不、非

acentric 无中心的

asocial 不好社交的

atypical 非典型的

asymmetry 不对称

adynamic 无力的

aperiodic 非周期的

amoral 非道德性的

asexual 无性别的

apolitical 不关心政治的

ahistorical 与历史无关的

2、含有in,on,at,by,with,to,of等意义

asleep 在熟睡中

aside 在一边

abed 在床上

ashore 向岸上，在岸上

afield 在田里，在野外

aground 在地面上，搁浅

ahead 向前，在前头

abreast 肩并肩地

afoot 徒步

atop 在顶上

afire 在燃烧中

aback 向后

3、加强意义

aloud 高声地

awake 唤醒，使醒

await 等待

arise 起来，升起

afar 遥远地

aright 正确地

aweary 疲倦的，厌倦的

ashamed 羞耻的

alike 相同的（地）

awash 被浪潮冲打的

前缀：ab- 离去、相反、不

abnormal 反常的

absorb 吸去

abuse 滥用

abaxial 离开轴心的

abduct 诱去，骗走

ablactation 断奶

前缀：ac- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强及引申意义

accustom 使习惯

account 计算，算账

accredit 信任，相信

accompany 陪伴

acclimate (使）适应气候

acculturation 文化移入

acknowledge 认知，承认

acquit 释放，免罪

前缀：ad- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强意义

adjust 调整

admixture 混杂

adventure 冒险

adjunction 添加，附加

admonition 告诚，劝告

adjoin 峨连，相接，贴近

前缀：af- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强意义

affright 震惊，恐惧

affix 附加，贴上

afforest 造林，绿化

affirm 肯定，确认

affamish 使饥饿

affront 对抗，冒犯

前缀：ag- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强意义

aggrandize 增大

aggrieve 使悲痛

aggravate 加重

aggrade 增高（河底）

前缀：amphi- 两、双

amphicar 水陆两用车

amphibiology 两栖生物学

amphitheatre 两边都可观看的剧场，圆形剧场

amphibian 水陆两栖的

前缀：an-

1、无、不

anonymous 无名的

anechoic 无回声的

anoxia 缺氧症

anharmonic 不和谐的

anelectric 不起电的

anarchism 无政府主义

2、加强或引申意义

annotate 注解

announce 宣布，通告

annihilate 消灭

annul 使无效，废除

前缀：ante- 前、先

anteroom 前室，接待室

anteport 前港，外港

antemeridian 午前的

antenatal 出生前的

antechamber 前厅

antetype 原型

antedate 比实际早的日期

antestomach 前胃

antenuptical 婚前的

antecessor 先行者，先驱者

前缀：anti- 反对、相反、防止

antiwar 反战的

anti-imperialist 反帝的

antiforeign 反外的，排外的

antislavery 反奴隶主义

antiaircraft 防空袭的

anticontagious 防止传染的

antitank 反坦克的

antiageing 防衰老的

anti-colonial 反殖民主义的

antigas 防毒气的

antifat 防止肥胖的

antinoise 防嗓音的

antimissile 反导弹的

前缀：ap- 加强或引申意义

appoint 指定、任命

appease 平息，绥靖

approximate 近似的

appraise 评价

apposition 并置，同位

apprehension 理解，领悟

前缀：apo- 离开(亦作ap-)

apogee 远地点

apology 道歉，解释开

apostasy 脱党，叛教

aphelion （天文）远日点

前缀：ar- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强及引申意义

arrange 安排，布置

arrect 直立的

arrear 在后，拖延

arrive 到达

前缀：as- 含有at, to之意或表示加强或引申意义

assimilate 同化

assort 分类

assure 使确信，担保

associate 联合，结合

ascertain 确定，查明

assign 指定，分派

前缀：at- 含有at, to之意, 或表示加强或引申意义

attrap 使入陷阱

attune 调定声音，合调

attract 吸引

attest 证明

前缀：auto- 自己, 自动

autocriticsm 自我批评

autorotation 自动旋转

autobiography 自传

autoalarm 自动报警器

autosuggestion 自我暗示

autoinfection 自体感染

anto-timer 自动定时器

autobike 机器脚踏车

前缀：be-

１、使…、使成为…

belittle 使缩小，贬低

befriend 以朋友相待

becalm 使镇静

befool 欺骗，愚弄

bedim 使模糊不清

bedevil 使着魔

benumb 使麻木

bemuse 使发呆

2、加以…、饰以…、用…（做某事）

bepowder 在…上撒粉

bejewel 饰以珠宝

becloud 遮蔽，遮暗

bedew 沾湿

3、在

beside 在…旁边

behind 在…后面

below 在…下面

before 在…以前

4、加强或引申意义

befall 降监，发生

bespatter 溅污

bethink 想起，思考

belaud 大加赞扬

befit 适合，适宜

bemoan 悲叹，衰泣

besiege 包围，围攻

bedeck 装饰，修饰

bedaub 涂污，乱涂

besprinkle 泼，洒

bepaint 着色，画

besmirch 弄脏，玷污

前缀：bene- 善、好

benevolent 善心的，慈善的

benediction 祝福

beneficent 行善的

benefaction 恩惠，善行

前缀：bi- 两、二

biweekly 双周刊

bilingual 两种语言的

bicolour 两色的

bimonthly 双月刊

bisexual 两性的

bipolar 两极的，双向的

biplanc 双翼飞机

bicycle 自行车

bimetal 双金属

biform 有二形的

bilateral 双边的

bifacial 两面一样的

前缀：by- 旁、侧, 非正式, 副

byroad 小路，僻径

by-product 副产品

bywork 业余工作

byname 别名，绰号

bystreet 旁街，僻街

by-business 副业

bypath 小道，僻径

bytime 余暇，闲暇

前缀：circum- 周围, 环绕

circumplanetary 环绕行星的

circumpolar 在两极周围的

cirumfluence 周流，环流

circumaviate 环球飞行

circumlunar 环绕月球

circumposition 周围排列

circumsolar 环绕太阳的

circumnavigate 环球航行

前缀：co- 共同

cooperation 合作

coaction 共同行动

coeducation 男女同校

coagent 共事者

coexistence 共存，共处

co-worker 共同工作者

co-flyer 副飞行员

co-founder 共同创立者

cohabitation 同居，姘居

co-owner 共同所有人

corotation 共转

comate 同伴，伙伴

copartner 合伙人

coauthor 书的合著者之一

前缀：col- 共同

collaboaration 协作，勾结

collingual 用同一种语言的

collinear 在同一直线上的

collocate 并置，并列

前缀：com-

1、共同

compatriot 同国人，同胞

combine 联合，结合

commiserate 同情

compassion 同情

commensal 共餐的

2、加强或引申意义

commove 使动乱

compress 压缩

commix 混合

commemorate 纪念

前缀：con-

1、共同

concolurous 同色的

connatural 同性质的

concentric 同一中心的

contemporary 同时代的

comcourse 合流，汇合

conjoin 联合，结合

condominate 共同管辖的

consanguineous 同血缘的

2、加强或引申意义

conclude 结束，终结

confirm 使坚定

consolidate 巩固，加强

condense 凝结，缩短

confront 使面对

convolution 旋绕，卷绕

contribute 贡献，捐献

configure 使具形体

前缀：contra- 反对, 相反, 相对

contra-missle 反导弹导弹

contraposition 对照，针对

contraclockwise 逆时针方向的

contradistinction 对比的区别

contradict 反驳，相矛盾

前缀：cor-

1、共同，互相

correlation 相互关系

corradiate 使（光线）共聚于一点

correspond 符合，相应，通信

2、加强或引申意义

correct 改正，纠正

corrupt 腐败，败坏

corrival 竞争者，竞争的

corrugate 使起皱纹

前缀：counter- 反对, 相反

counterrevolution 反革命

countermarch 反方向行进

counterattack 反攻，反击

countercurrent 逆流

countermove 反向运动

counteroffensive 反攻

counterspy 反间谍

counterblast 逆风

counterdemand 反要求

counteraction 反作用

countertrend 反潮流

counterwork 对抗行动

counterplot 反计，将计就计

countereffect 反效果

counterevidence 反证

countercharge 反诉，反告

前缀：de-

1、否定，非，相反

denationalize 非国有化

destruction 破坏

demilitarize 使非军事化

demobilize 复员（与mobilize相反）

decolonize 使非殖民化

depoliticize 使非政治化

dement 缺点（非优点）

deemphasize 使不重要

decompose 分解（与compose相反）

dechristianize 非基督教

dematerialize 非物质化

2、除去，取消，毁

desalt 除去盐分

deforest 砍伐森林

decontrol 取消管制

deface 毁…的外观

dewater 除去水分

decolour 使退色

de-ink 除去污迹

de-oil 脱除油脂

defog 清除雾气

depollution 消除污染

defrost 除霜，解冻

decode 解（译）密码

decamp 撤营

degas 消除毒气，排气

deflower 摘花

decivilize 使丧失文明

3、离开

detrain 下火车

dethrone 使离王位

deplane 下飞机

derail 使（火车）出轨

4、向下，降低，减少

depress 压低，压下

depopulation 人口减少

devalue 降低价值，贬值

declass 降低社会地位

5、使成…、作成…、或仅作加强意义

delimit 划定界限

denude 使裸露

depicture 描绘，描述

design 计划，设计

前缀：deca- 十

decasyllable 十音节词

decagon 十角形

decameter 十米

decagram 十克

前缀：deci- 十分之一

decigram 十分之一克

deciliter 十分之一升，分升

decimeter 十分之一米，分米

deciare 十分之一公亩

前缀：demi- 半

demigod 半神半人

demiwolf 半似狼之犬

demi-fixed 半固定的

demidevil 半恶魔

demitint （绘画）半浓半淡

demilune 半月，新月

前缀：di- 二, 双

diatomic 二原子的

dichromatic 两色的

disyllable 双音节词

dioxide 二氧化物

ditheism 二神论

diacid 二酸

digamy 二婚，再婚

diarchy 双头政治

前缀：dia- 贯通, 对穿, 透过, 相对

diagonal 对角线

dialogue 对话

diameter 直径

diathermal 透热的

前缀：dif- 分开, 否定, 不

diffluence 分流

differ 不同，相异

diffident 不自信的

diffuse 散开，散布

前缀：dis-

1、不、无、相反

dislike 不喜欢

disagree 不同意

discontinue 不继续，中断

disorder 无秩序，混乱

disproof 反证

disbelieve 不相信

dispraise 贬损，非难

dishonest 不诚实的

disremember 忘记

disappear 不见，消失

disability 无能，无力

discomfort 不舒服

2、取消，除支、毁

disforest 砍伐森林

disroot 拨根，根除

discourage 使失去勇气

disrobe 脱衣

disarm 解除武装，裁军

disbearren 使失去信心

disburden 解除负担

discolour （使）褪色

3、加在含有“分开”、“否定”等意义的单词之前，dis-则作加强意义

dispart 分离，裂开

dissemination 散布，传播

dissever 分裂，切断

disannul 使无效，废除

4、分开、离、散

dissect 切开

dissolve 分离，溶解

distract 分心

dispense 分配

dispel 驱散

dissipate 驱散

[注]dis-有时作di-，如：

dispirit 使气馁，使沮丧

divert 使转向

digress 离正题，入歧路

divorce 离婚

divest 脱…的衣服

前缀：dys- 不良、恶、困难

dysfunction 机能失调

dysphonia 发音困难

dyspepsia 消化不良

dyspathy 反感

dysgenesis 生殖力不良

dysopsy 视力弱，弱视

前缀：e-

1、加强或引申意义、使…

evaluate 评价

elongate 使延长，拉长

estop 阻止，禁止

estrange 使疏远

evanish 消失，消散

elaborate 努力制作

especially 特别，格外

evaporate 蒸发

2、出、外

eject 投出，掷出

emigrate 移居国外

elect 选出

emerge 浮出，出现

erupt 喷出

evade 逃出

3、除去

eradicate 除根，根除

emasculate 割除睾丸

前缀：ef- 出、离去

effluence 流出

effoliation 落叶

efflation 吹出，吹出之物

effable 能被说出的

前缀：em-

1、表示“置于…之内”、“上…”

embay 使（船）入湾

embus 装入车中，上车

embosom 藏于胸中，怀抱

emplane 乘飞机

embog 使陷入泥沼中

embed 安置（ad in a bed）

2、表示“用…做某事”、“饰以…”、“配以…”

embalm 涂以香料

emblazon 饰以纹章

embank 筑提防护

embar 上门闩

3、表示“使成某种状态”、“致使…”、“使之如…”、“作成…”

embow 使成弓形

empower 使有权力，授权

empurple 使发紫

embody 体现，使具体化

embitter 使苦

embrown 使成褐色

前缀：en-

1、表示“置于…之中”、“登上…”、“使上…”

encage 关入笼中

entrain 上火车

encase 装入箱中

enplane 上飞机

encave 藏于洞中

enthrone 使登上王位

enroll 记入名册中

enshrine 藏于神龛中

2、表示“用…来做某事”、“饰以…”、“配以…”

entrap 用陷阱诱捕

enwreathe 饰以花环

enchain 用链锁住

enlace 用带缚，捆扎

encloud 阴云遮蔽

3、表示“使成某种状态”、“致使…”、“使之如…”、“作成…”

enlarge 使扩大，广大

endanger 使遭危险

ensphere 使成球形

encrimson 使成深红色

enrage 激怒

encircle 作成一圈，包围

endear 使受喜爱

ennoble 使成贵族，使高贵

encipher 译成密码

enfeeble 使衰弱

encamp 使扎营

ensky 使耸入天际，把…捧上天

encash 使兑成现金

enslave 使成奴隶，奴役

enable 使能够

encourage 使有勇气

4、加在动词之前、表示“in”，或只作加强意义

enclose 围入，关进

entrust 信托，委托

enfold 包入

enkindle 点火

enwrap 包入，卷入

enlighten 启发，开导

enwind 缠绕

enlink 把…连结起来

entangle 缠住，套住

engird 卷，缠

endamage 损坏，损害

engorge 大吃，吞吃

enclothe 给…穿衣服

前缀：endo- 内

endoparasite 体内寄生虫

endolymph 内淋巴

endogen 内生植物

endogamy （同族）内部通婚

前缀：ennea- 九

enneasyllable 九音节

enneahedron （数学）九面体

enneagon （数学）九角形

前缀：eu- 优、善、好

eugenics 优生学

euphonic 声音优美的

eulogize 赞美

eupepsia 消化良好

euphemism 婉词，婉言

euthenics 优境学

前缀：ex-

1、出、外、由…中弄出

export 出口，输出

exclude 排外，排斥

expose 展出，揭露

excavate 挖出，发掘

exit 出口

exhume 掘出

extract 抽出，拨出

expel 赶出，逐出

2、前任的，以前的

ex-president 前任总统

ex-Nazis 前纳粹分子

ex-mayor 前任市长

ex-chancellor 前任大学校长

ex-premier 前任总理

ex-soldier 退伍军人

ex-wife 前妻

ex-husband 前夫

3、表示“使…”、“做…”、或作加强意义

expurgate 使清洁

exalt 使升高，增高

excruciate 施刑，使苦恼

exaggerate 夸大

exo- 外、外部

exobiology 外太空生物学

exogamy 外族通婚

exoskeleton 外骨胳

exosphere 外大气层

前缀：extra- 以外, 超过

extraofficial 职权以外的

extrapoliticial 政治外的，超政治的

extraterritorial 治外法权的

extrasensory 超感觉的

extrajudicial 法庭管辖以外的

extracurriculum 课外的

extra-special 特别优秀的

extraordinary 格外的

extraprofessional 职业以外的

extrasolar 太阳系以外的

前缀：fore- 前、先、预先

foretell 预言

foresee 预见，先见

forehead 前额

foreword 序言，前言

forearm 前臂

foreknow 先知，预知

foretime 已往，过去

foreground 前景

forefather 前人，祖先

forerun 先驱，前驱

前缀：hecto- 百

hectogram 一百克

hectowatt 一百瓦

hectometer 一百米

hectoampere 一百安培

前缀：hemi- 半

hemisphere 半球

hemiparasite 半寄生物

hemicycle 半圆形

hemipyramid 半锥面

前缀：hepta- 七(在元音前作hept-)

heptagon 七角形

heptode 七级管

heptahedron 七面体

heptarchy 七头政治

前缀：hetero- 异

heteropolar 异极的

heterodoxy 异教，异端

heterosexual 异性的

heteromorphic 异形的

前缀：hexa- 六(在元音前作hex-)

hexagon 六角形

hexangular 有六角的

hexode 六极管

hexameter 六韵脚诗

前缀：holo- 全

hologram 全息图

holography 全息照相术

holophone 声音全息记录器

holocrystalline 全结晶的

holophote 全射镜

holhedron 全面体

前缀：homo- 同

homotype 同型

homopolar 同极的

homosexual 同性恋的

homophone 同音异义词

homocentric 同中心的

homograph 同形异义词

homothermic 同温的

homogeneous 同族的

前缀：hyper- 超过、过多、太甚

hypermilitant 极度好战的

hyperslow 极慢的

hypersensitive 过敏的

hypersuspicious 过分多疑的

hypersexual 性欲极强的

hyperverbal 说话太多的

hypercriticism 过分批评

hyperactive 活动过度的

hypersonic 特超音速的

hyperacid 胃酸过多的

前缀：il-( 用在l之前)

1、不、无、非

illegal 非法的

illogical 不合逻辑的

illiterate 不识字的

illimitable 无限的

illocal 位置不定的

illiberal 不大方的

2、加强或引申意义

illustrate 说明，表明

illuminate 照耀

前缀：im-( 用在b, m, p之前)

1、不、无、非

impossible 不可能的

immemorial 无法追忆的，太古的

imperfect 不完美的

immoral 不道德的

impolite 无表情的

impure 不纯洁的

impassive 无表情的

imbalance 不平衡

impersonal 非个人的

immaterial 非物质的

immovable 不可移动的

impassable 不能通行的

immortal 不朽的，不死的

2、向内、入

import 输入，入口

imprison 投入狱中，监禁

immigrate 移居入境

imbibe 吸入

immission 注入，投入

immerge 没入，浸入

3、加强意义或表示“使成…”、“饰以…”、“加以…”

impulse 冲动

immanacle 加以手铐

impel 驱使，推动

imbrute 使成禽兽一样

imperil 使处于危险

impearl 使成珍珠，饰以珍珠

imparadise 使登天堂

impaste 使成浆糊状

impawn 典当，抵押

impassion 使动感情

前缀：in-

1、不、无、非

inglorious 不光彩的

incapable 无能力的

incorrect 不正确的

incomparable 无比的

incomplete 不完全的

insensible 无感觉的

inhuman 不人道的

inartistic 非艺术的

injustice 不公正

informal 非正式的

2、内、入

inside 内部、里面

inbreak 入侵

indoor 户内的

intake 纳入，吸入

inland 内地的，国内的

inbreathe 吸入

inject 投入，注射

inrush 涌入，闯入

3、加强意义，或表示“使…”、“作…”

inspirit 使振作精神

inflame 燃烧

intrench 掘壕沟

intone 发音，呤诵

invigorate 给以勇气，鼓舞

ingraft 接枝

incurve （使）弯曲

前缀：infra- 下、低

infrared 红外线（低于红线）

infrastructure 下部结构

infrahuman 低于人类的

infrasonic 低于声频的

infrasound 亚音速

infraorbital 眼眶下的

前缀：inter-

1、在...之间、...际

international 国际的

interlay 置于其间

intercontinental 洲际的

interline 写于行间

interoceanic 大洋之间的

interplant 在...间套种

intercity 城市之间

intersexual 两性之间的

interpersonal 人与人之间的

intergroup 团体之间的

2、互相

interchange 互换

interview 会见

interact 相互作用

interweave 混纺，交织

intermix 互混，混杂

interdependence 互相依靠

intercourse 交际

interconnect 使互相连接

前缀：intra- 在内、内部

intraparty 党内的

intrapersonal 个人内心的

intracity 市内的

intraregional 地区内的

intraday 一天之内的

intracompany 公司内部的

intracollegiate 大学内的

intra-trading 内部贸易

intracloud 云间的

intraoffice 办公室内的

前缀：intro- 向内、入内

introduce 引入，介绍

introflection 向内弯曲

introspect 内省，反省

intromit 插入

introvision 内省

introvert 内向，内省

前缀：ir-( 有在r之前)

1、不、无

irregular 不规则的

irresistible 不可抵抗的

irremovable 不可移动的

irrelative 无关系的

irrational 不合理的

irresolute 无决断的

irrealizable 不能实现的

irreligious 无宗教信仰的

2、向人、入

irruption 闯入，冲入

irrigate 灌入水，灌溉

前缀：iso- 等、同

isogon 等角多角形

isotope 同位素

isoelectric 等电位的

isomorph 同晶形体

isoelectronic 等电子的

isospore 同形孢子

isomagnetic 等磁力的

isotherm 等温线

前缀：kilo- 千

kilogram 千克，公斤

kilowatt 千瓦（电力）

kilometer 千米，公里

kilocycle 千周

kiloton 千吨

kilovolt 千伏（电压）

kilolitre 千升

kilocalorie 千卡（热量）

前缀：macro- 大、宏、长

macroclimate 大气候

macroworld 宏观世界

macroeconomics 大经济学

macrocosm 宏观世界

macrochange 大变动

macrostructure 宏观结构

macroplan 庞大的计划

macrophysics 宏观物理学

macroscale 大规模

macrobian 长寿的（人）

macrosociology 大社会学

macropod 长足的（动物）

前缀：mal- 恶、不良、失、不(亦作male-)

maltreat 虐待

malcontent 不满的

malpractice 不法行为

maldevelopment 不正常发展

malnutrition 营养不良

malposition 位置不正

malformation 畸形

malediction 恶言，诅咒

maladministration 管理不善

malodour 恶臭，恶味

malefaction 坏事，恶行

malfunction 机能失常

前缀：meta-

1、超

metaphysical 超自然的，形而上学的

metachemistry 超级化学

metageometrical 超几何学的

metamaterialist 超唯物论者

metaculture 超级文化

2、变化

metamorphosis 变形

metagenesis 世代交替

metachromatism 变色反应

metachrosis 变色机能

前缀：micro- 微

microscope 显微镜

microbiology 微生物学

microsystem 微型系统

microelement 微量元素

microworld 微观世界

microskirt 超短裙，露股裙

microwave 微波

microbus 微型公共汽车

microprint 缩微印刷品

microcomputer 微型电脑

前缀：milli-( 亦作mill-与mille-)

1、千分之一、毫

milligram 千分之一克，毫克

millisecond 千分之一秒，毫秒

millimeter 千分之一米，毫米

milliliter 千分之一升，毫升

2、千

millennial 一千年的

millipede 千足虫，多足虫

millepore 千孔虫

milligrade 千度的

前缀：mini- 小

ministate 小国

minibus 小型公共汽车

minipark 小型公园

miniskirt 超短裙

minitrain 小型列车

minishorts 超短裤

miniwar 小规模战争

minicrisis 短暂危机

minielection 小型选举

miniradio 小收音机

前缀：mis- 误、错、恶、不

misspell 拼错

mishear 误闻，听错

misread 读错

misremember 记错

misuse 误用，滥用

misdoing 恶行，坏事

misunderstand 误解

mistreat 虐待

mistranslate 错译

misrule 对...施暴政

misstep 失足

mistrust 不信任

mispolicy 失策

misfortune 不幸

前缀：mono- 单一、独(在元音前作mon-)

monosyllable 单音节词

monatomic 单原子的

monodrama 单人剧

monocycle 独轮脚踏车

monotone 单音，单调

monoplane 单翼飞机

monarch 独裁者

monoxide 一氧化物

前缀：multi- 多

multiparty 多党的

multi-purpose 多种用途的

multinational 多国的

multidirectional 多向的

multicentric 多中心的

multistorey 多层楼的

multiracial 多种族的

multilingual 多种语言的

multiform 多种形式的

multiheaded 多弹头的

multilateral 多边的

multicoloured 多种色彩的

前缀：neo- 新

neorealism 新现实主义

neonatal 新生的，初生的

neogamist 新婚者

neocolonialism 新殖民主义

Neolithic 新石器时代的

neoimperialism 新帝国主义

neoimpressionism 新印象派

neofascism 新法西斯主义

前缀：non-

1、不

nonsmoker 不抽烟的人

nonaligned 不结盟的

nondrinker 不喝酒的人

nonexistent 不存在的

noncooperation 不合作

nonstop （车船等）中途不停的，直达的

noncontinuous 不继续的

2、非

nonnatural 非天然的

nonproductive 非生产性的

nonhuman 非人类

nonmetal 非金属

nonwhite 非白种人的

nonconductor 非导体

nonperiodic 非周期性的

nonage 未成年

3、无

noneffective 无效力的

nonpayment 无力支付

nonparty 无党派的

nonsexual 无性别的

nonreader 无阅读能力的人

nonelastic 无弹性的

前缀：octa- 八(亦作octo-与oct-)

octageon 八角形

octosyllabel 八音节词

October （古罗马八月）十月

octolateral 八边的

octameter 八韵脚诗

octocentenary 八百周年纪念日

octavalent （化学）八价的

前缀：omni- 全、总、公、都

omnipresent 无所不在的

omnipotent 全能的

omnidirectional 全向的

omniform 式样齐全的

omnibus 公共汽车

omnirange 全向导航台

omniparity 一切平等

omniscient 无所不知的

前缀：out-

1、胜过、超过

outdo 胜过，战胜

outrun 跑过，追过

outlive 活得比...长

outbrave 以勇胜过

outgo 走得比...远

outact 行动上胜过

outeat 吃得比...多

outnumber 在数量上超过

2、过度，太甚

outsize 过大

outspend 花费过度

outsit 坐得太久

outwear 穿坏，穿破

outdream 做梦太多

outgrow 长得太大

3、外、出

outdoor 户外的

outflow 流出

out-city 市外的，农村的

out-party 在野党

outwork 户外工作

outtell 说出

outhouse 外屋

outrush 冲出

4、除去

outroot 除根

outlaw 夺去法律上的权利

outgas 除去气体

前缀：over-

1、过度、太甚

overstudy 用功过度

overpraise 过奖

overtalk 过分多言

overpay 多付（钱款）

overuse 使用过度

overdrink 饮酒过甚

overwork 过度劳累

overproduction 生产过剩

2、在上、在外、从上、越过

overbridge 跨线桥，天桥

oversea (s) 海外的

overcoat 外套，外衣

overleap 跳过

overshoe 套鞋

overlook 俯视

overfly 飞越

3、颠倒、反转

overturn 倾覆，倾倒

overthrow 推翻

overset 翻转，翻倒

前缀：paleo- 古、旧

paleozoology 古动物学

paleolithic 旧石器时代的

paleobotany 古植物学

paleography 古文书（学）

paleoclimate 史前气候

paleochronology 古年代学

paleoanthropology 古人类学

paleophyte 古生代植物

前缀：pan- 全、泛

Pan-American 全美洲的，泛美的

pancosmism 泛宇宙论

pantheism 泛神论

Pan-Asianism 泛亚洲主义

pansophic 全知的

pantropical 遍布于热带的

panchromatic 全色的

Pan-African 泛非洲的

前缀：para- ①

1、半、类似、准

para-party 半政党组织

paramilitary 准军事性的

para-church 准教会

para-academic 半学术性的

para-institution 半官方机构

para-book 类似书籍的刊物

parapolitical 半政治的

parareligious 半宗教性的

pararuminant 类反刍动物

parastatal 半官方的，半政府的

para-governmental 仿政府的

2、辅助、副

paralanguage 辅助语言

paraprofessional 专职人员助手

paralinguistics 辅助语言学

para-police 辅助警察的

parabanking 辅助银行业务

paratyphoid 副伤寒

paralegal 律师的专业助手

paranuclein 副核素

paramedic 医务辅助人员

3、旁、靠近、外

parasite 寄生虫（site食，在他体旁寄食者）

parabiosphere 外生物圈的

para-appendicitis 阑尾旁组织炎

paracentral 靠近中心的

4、错误、伪

parachronism 记时错误

paraphasia 语言错乱

paralogism 不合逻辑的推论

paramnesia 记忆错误

parachromatism 色觉错误

paradox 谬论，邪说

paraselene 幻月，假月

前缀：para- ②防、避开、保护

parachute 降落伞，用降落伞降落（chute=fall，“保护降落”之意）

[注]para-代替parachute，现已被广泛使用。它表示“空投”、“空降”、“伞投”、“伞兵”、“降落伞”等意义。

parasol 遮阳伞（sol=sun，“防止日晒”之意）

parabomb 伞投炸弹

paradog 伞降犬，空投犬

paratroops 伞兵

parapack 空投包裹

paraoperation 伞兵战

pararescue 伞投人员进行的求援

paramedic 伞兵军医

parakite 飞行降落伞

parashoot 射击敌人伞兵

paraglider 滑翔降落伞

paraspotter 守望伞兵者

parawing 翼状降落伞

前缀：pen-( =almost)几乎、相近、相似、不完全是、差不多亦作(pene-)

peninsula 半岛（pen-几乎，相似，insula岛；几乎是一个岛，与一个岛相似，不完全是一个岛→半岛）

penultimate 倒数第二个（pen-几乎，相近，ultimate最后；几乎是最后一个，与最后一个相近，紧挨着最后一个→倒数第二个）

penumbra 半阴影（pen-几乎，umbra影；几乎是一个阴影，不完全是一个阴影→半阴影）

peneplain 近似平原，准平原（受侵蚀作用，几乎成为平原的地带）

penta- 五（在元音前作pent-）

pentagon 五角形（the Pentagon五角大楼，美国国防部办公大楼）

pentode 五极管

pentavalent （化学）五价的

pentangular 有五角的

pentameter 五韵诗

pentagram 五角星形

pentarchy 五头政治

pentatomic 有五原子的

pentoxide 五氧化物

前缀：per-

1、贯穿、通、透、遍、自始自终

perspective 透视的（spect看）

perfect 完全的，全然的

pernoctation 通宵不归，彻夜不眠（noct夜）

perennial 全年的（enn年）

perfuse 洒满，灌满（fus流）

perspire 出汗（spir呼吸）

permanent 永久的（man停留）

perform 完成，执行

persist 坚持（sist立）

perorate （演说时）作结束语

pervade 遍及（vad走）

perambulate 步行穿过（ambul走）

pervious 能被通过的（vi路）

2、加强意义

perplex 使复杂

permute 变换

perturb 扰乱

perfervid 十分热情的

percussion 敲打

persuade 劝说

3、过、高（用于化学名词）

peroxide 过氧化物

peracid 过酸

perchloride 高氯化物

periodide 高碘化物

persulphate 过硫酸盐

permanganate 高锰酸盐

前缀：peri- 周围, 外层, 靠近

pericentral 中心周围的

perigee 近地点

perigon 周角、360度角

perihelion 近日点

period 周期（od=way）

perilune 近月点

perimeter 周界，周边

periastron 近星点

periderm 外皮

pericardical 心脏周围的

pricarp 果皮

periarticular 关节周围的

前缀：poly- 多

polycentric 多中心的

polytechnical 多工艺的

polysyllable 多音节词

polydirectional 多方向的

polyatomic 多原子的

polygon 多角形

polycrystal 多晶体

polyarchy 多头政治

polyfunctional 多功能的

polyclinic 多科医院

前缀：post- 后

postwar 战后的

postdate 把日期填迟

post-liberation 解放后的

postpone 推后，延期

postgraduate 大学毕业后的，研究生

postmeridian 午后的

posttreatment 治疗期以后的

postoperative 手术以后的

postnatal 诞生后的，产后的

postface 刊后语

前缀：pre-

1、前

prewar 战前的

preposition 前置词，介词

pre-liberation 解放前的

prefix 前缀

preschool 学龄前的

predawn 黎明前的

prehistory 史前期

preteen 十三岁以前的孩子

precondition 前提

prehuman 人类以前的

preconference 会议前的

predeparture 出发前的

2、预先

preexamination 预试

prepay 预付

prebuilt 预建的，预制的

prejudge 预先判断

premade 预先做的

preheat 预热（炉灶等）

prechoose 预先选择

precool 预先冷却

predetermine 预定，先定

preocook 预煮

前缀：pro-

1、向前，在前

progress 向前进，进步

prospect 向前看，展望

prolong 向前延长

protrude 向前伸出

project 向前投出，射出

promote 促进，提升

prologue 前言，序言

propel 推进

2、代理、代替

pronoun 代名词，代词

procurator 代理人

pro-consul 代理领事

prolocutor 代言人

3、拥护、新、赞成

pro-British 亲英的

pro-Bloshevik 拥护布尔什维克派

pro-American 亲美的

proslavery 赞成奴隶制度的

proabortionist 赞成堕胎者

前缀：proto- 原始

protogenic 原生的

protocontinent 原始大陆

protohistory 史前时期

protozoolgy 原生动物

prototype 原型

protohuman 早期原始人的

前缀：pseudo- 假(在元音前作pseud-)

pseudo-democratic 假民主的

pseudoclassic 伪古典的

pseudomyopia 假性近视

pseudoscience 伪科学

pseudopregnancy 假孕

pseudonym 假名，笔名

pseudocrystal 伪晶体

pseudology 谎话

pscudocompound 假化合物

pseudograph 伪书，冒名作品

前缀：quadri- 四(变作quadru, 在元音前作quadr-)

quadrilingual 用四种语言的

quadrangle 四角形

quadricycle 四轮车

quadrisyllable 四音节词

quadrivalent （化学）四价的

quadripartite 分四部分的

quadrilateral 四边的

quadrennial 四年的

quadruped 四足动物

quadruplane 四翼飞机

前缀：quasi- 类似、准、半

quasi-judicial 准司法性

quasi-historical 似属历史的

quasi-legislative 准立法性的

quasi-shawl 类似围巾的东西

quasi-official 半官方的

quasi-public 私营公用事业的

quasi-sovereign 半独立的

quasi-war 准战争

quasi —cholera 拟霍乱

quasi-conductor 准导体

前缀：quinque- 五(在元音前用quinqu-)

quinquesyllabel 五音节词

quinqueangular 五角形的

quinquesection 五等分

quinquevalent （化学）五价

quinqueliteral 有五字的

quinquennial 每五年的

quinquepqrtite 分五部分的

quinquelateral 有五边的

前缀：re-

1、回、向后

return 回来、返回

retreat 后退

recall 召回，回忆

regress 倒退，退步

reflect 回想

retract 缩回，取回

reclaim 收回

rebound 弹回，跳回

2、再、重复、重新

reprint 重印，再版

reexchange 再交换

reproduction 再生产

rearm 重新武装

rebuild 重建，再建

reconsider 重新考虑

rebirth 再生，新生

reexamination 复试，再考

renumber 重编号码

remarry 再婚

restart 重新开始

rebroadcast 重播，再播

3、相反、反对

reaction 反动，反应

reverse 反转的，颠倒的

resist 反抗，抵抗

revolt 反叛，造反

rebel 反叛，谋反

resent 不满，忿恨

前缀：retro- 向后、回、反

retrogress 倒退，退步

retrograde 后退，倒退

retroact 倒行，起反作用

retrospect 回顾

retroject 向后抛掷

retrocession 退后，后退

retroflex 反曲的

retroversion 后倾，翻转

前缀：se- 离开、分开

seduce 引诱走，拐骗

select 选出

seclude 使退隐

segregate 分离，分开

secede 脱离，退出

secern 区分，分开

前缀：semi- 半

semiweekly 半周刊

semiconductor 半导体

semimonthly 半月刊

semicircle 半圆

semiofficial 半官方的

semiliterate 半文盲的

semi-colony 半殖民地

semicommercial 半商业性的

semimetal 半金属

semicivilized 半开化的

semiskilled 半熟练的

semiautomatic 半自动的

前缀：sept- 七(亦作septi-及septem)

setpangle 七角形

septennial 每七年的

septeisyllable 七音节词

septempartite 分七部分的

septilateral 七边的

septfoil 七叶形

September (古罗马七月)九月

septuple 七倍的

前缀：sex- 六(亦作sexi-)

sexangle 六角形

sexdigitism 六指（或趾）

sexisyllable 六音节词

sexpartite 分为六部分的

sexivalence （化学）六价

sexfoil 六叶形

sexcentenary 六百（年）的

sexennial 每六年的

sexto 六开本

前缀：sino- 中国

Sino-American 中美的

Sino-German 中德的

Sino-Russian 中俄的

Sino-Japanese 中日的

Sino-Tibetan 汉藏语系

Sino-French 中法的

Sinomania 中国热

Sinology 汉学，中国问题研究

Sinophile 赞成中国的（人）

Sinophobe 厌恶中国的（人）

前缀：step- 后、继、后父或后母所生的、前妻或前夫所生的

stepfather 后父，继父

stepchild 前夫（或前妻）的孩子

stepmother 后母，继母

stepson 前夫（或前妻）之子

stepbrother 后父（或后母）之子，异父（母）兄弟

stepdaughter 前夫（或前妻）之女

stepsister 后你（或后母）之女，异父（母）姐妹

前缀：stereo- 立体

stereosonic 立体声的

stereograph 立体照片

stereophony 立体音响

stereography 立体摄影术

stereogram 立体图

stereotelevision 立体电视

stereotape 立体声磁带

stereoproject 立体投影

前缀：sub-

1、下

subway 地下铁道

substandard 标准以下的

substructure 下层建筑

subsurface 表面下的

submarine 海面下的

subnormal 低于正常的

subsoil 下层土，底土

sub-zero 零度以下的

sub-cloud 云下的

subconscious 下意识的

substratum 下层

subaverage 低于一般水平的

subglacial 冰川下的

submontane 山脚下的

2、次、亚、准

subcontinent 次大陆

subcollege 准大学程度的

subsonic 亚音速的

subatomic 亚原子的

subtropics 亚热带

submetallic 亚金属的

subfamily （生物）亚科

3、稍、略、微

subacid 略酸的

subacute 略尖的

subangular 稍有棱角的

subconical 略作圆锥形的

subcylindrical 略呈圆筒状的

subarid 略干燥的

4、副、分支、下级

subworker 副手，助手

subbranch 分支，支店

subagent 副代理人

suboffice 分办事处

subeditor 副编辑

subarea 分区

subhead 副标题

subdepartment 分部，支局

subtitle （书的）副名

subcommittee 小组委员会

subdean 副教务长

subofficer 下级官员

5、接近

subcentral 接近中心的

subequal 接近相等的

subadult 接近成年的

subarctic 近北极圈的

subteen 将近十三岁的小孩

subequatorial 近赤道的

6、更进一层、再

subdivide 再分，细分

sublet 转租，再租

subculture 再次培养

subtenant 转租租户

7、用于化学名词，表示化合物成分含量少的

subcarbide 低碳化物

suboxide 低氧化物

subchloride 低氯化物

subsulphide 低硫化物

前缀：super-

1、超、超级

superspeed 超高速的

supertrain 超高速火车

supersized 超大型的

superhighway 超级公路

supermarket 超级市场

superprofit 超额利润

superpower 超级大国

supersecrecy 绝密

supercountry 超级大国

supersonic 超音速的

supercity 超级城市

supernatural 超自然的

2、上

superstructure 上层建筑

supervise （由上面）监视

superimpose 放在...上面

superstratum 上层

superaqueous 水上的

superterrene 地上的

3、过度、过多

superexcitation 过度兴奋

superheat 过热

supercharge 过重负载

supercool 过度冷却

supersensitive 过度敏感的

supernutrition 营养过多

supersaturate 过度饱和

前缀：supra- 超、上

supraclass 超阶级的

supraconductivity 超导电性

supra-politics 超政治的

supranational 超国家的

supramolecular 超分子的

supramundane 超越现世的

suprarenal 肾上腺的

supramaxilla 上鄂

前缀：sur- 上、外、超

surface 表面

surrealism 超现实主义

surpass 超过，超过

surcoat 外衣、女上衣

surcharge 超载

surmount 登上

surtax 超额税

surprint 加印于...之上

surround 围绕，包围

surplus 多余的，过剩的

前缀：sym- 共同、相同

sympathy 同情

symmetry 对称（两边相同之意）

symphony 交响乐，和音

symmetallism 金银混合本位

symbiosis （生物）共手、共栖

前缀：syn- 共同、相同

synactic 共同作用的

synobronous 同时发生的

synonym 同义词

syntony 共振，谐振

synthermal 同温的

synthesis 合成

前缀：tetra- 四(在元音前作tetr-)

tetracycline 四环素

tetrachord 四弦乐器

tetrode 四极管

tetrasyllable 四音节词

tetragon 四角形

tetraoxide 四氧化物

前缀：trans-

1、超过、横过、超

transoceanic 横渡大洋的

transpersonal 超越个人的

transnational 超越国界的

transcontinental 横贯大陆的

transfrontier 在国境外的

transpacific 横渡太平洋的

transatlantic 横渡大西洋的

transnormal 超出常规的

transmarine 越海的

2、转移、变换

transform 使变形，改造

transship 换船，转载于另一船

transcode 译密码

transposition 互换位置

translocation 改变位置

transplant 移植

transmigrate 移居

transport 运输

前缀：tri- 三

tricolour 三色的

tricar 三轮汽车

triangle 三角（形）

trisyllable 三音节词

trigonometry 三角学

trilateral 三边的

triatomic 三原子的

trilingual 三种语言的

triunity 三位一体

triweekly 三周刊

trisection 三等分

trijet 三引擎喷气机

前缀：twi- 二、两

twifortned 有二形的

twilight 黎明，黄昏，曙暮光

twifold 两倍，双重

twiblade 双叶兰

twiforked 有两叉的

前缀：ultra-

1、极端

ultra-democracy 极端民主

ultrapure 极纯的

ultra-reactionary 极端反动的

ultramilitant 极端好战的

ultra-fashionable 极其时髦的

ultracritical 批评过度的

ultra-right 极右的

ultraclean 极洁净的

ultrathin 极薄的

2、超、以外

ultramodern 超现代化的

ultrared 红外线的

ultrashort 超短（波）的

ultramarine 海外的

ultrasonic 超音速的

ultramontane 山外的

ultra-microscope 超显微镜

ultra-violet 紫外线的

前缀：un-

1、不

unreal 不真实的

uncomfortable 不舒服的

unclear 不清楚的

unfriendly 不友好的

unhappy 不快乐的

unequal 不平等的

unwelcome 不受欢迎的

unfortunate 不幸的

unclean 不洁的

uneconomic 不经济的

unkind 不和善的

unchangeable 不能改变的

2、无

unconditional 无条件的

unmanned 无人驾驶的

unsystematic 无系统的

unambitious 无野心的

unlimited 无限的

unaccented 无重音的

unfathered 无父的

unbodied 无形体的

unbounded 无边的

unaccompanied 无伴侣的

untitled 无标题的

unexampled 无先例的

3、非

unjust 非正义的

unartistic 非艺术的

unofficial 非官方的

unspecialized 非专门化的

unartificial 非人工的

unworldly 非尘世的

unsoldierly 非军人的

undesigned 非预谋的

unalloyed 非合金的

unprofessional 非职业性的

unorthodox 非正统的

unintentional 非故意的

4、未

uncorrected 未改正的

unchanged 未改变的

undecided 未定的

unawaked 未醒的

unfinished 未完成的

uncivilized 未开化的

uneducated 未受教育的

unripe 未熟的

uncut 未割的

uninvited 未经邀请的

uncoloured 未染色的

undeclared 未经宣布的

5、相反动作、取消、除去

unlock 开锁

untie 解开

unbind 解开，释放

unbutton 解开钮扣

uncap 脱帽

uncover 揭开盖子

undo 取消，解开

undress （使）脱衣服

6、由...中弄出

untomb 从墓中掘出

unearth 由地下挖出

uncase 从盒中取出

unhouse 把...赶出屋外

uncage 放...出笼

unbosom 吐露（心事）

前缀：under-

1、下

underground 地下的

underworld 下层社会

underfoot 在脚下

underwrite 写于...之下

undersea 在海底

underlay 置于...之下

underline 划线于...之下

underside 下侧，下面

2、内（用于衣服）

underclothing 内衣裤

underthings 女子内衣裤

undershirt 贴身内衣

underskirt 衬裙

undervest 贴身内衣

underpants 内裤，衬裤

underwear （总称）内衣

undershorts 短衬裤

3、不足、少

underpay 付资不足

underproduction 生产不足

underestimate 估计不足

underdress 穿衣太少

undermanned 人员不足的

underfed 喂得太少的

undersized 不够大的

underwork 少做工作

underdeveloped 不发达的

underpopulated 人口稀少的

4、副、次

undersecretary 次长、副部长

underagent 副代理人

前缀：vice- 副

vice-chariman 副主席

vice-governor 副校长

vice-president 副总统

vice-principal 副校长

vice-premier 副总理，副首相

vice-consul 副领事

vice-minister 副部长

vice-manager 副经理

vice-regent 副摄政

前缀：with- 向后、相反

withdraw 撤回，撤退

withstand 抵抗，反抗

withhold 阻止

词根词缀：a-, ab-, abs-

【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; from, away, away from

【相关描述】This prefix is normally used with elements of Latin and French origins (abs- usually joins elements beginning with c, q, or t).

The form ab- is regularly used before all vowels and h; and it becomes a- before the consonants m, p, and v. The prefix apo- has similar meanings.

This list is a very small sample of the multitudes of a-, ab-, abs- prefixes that are available in dictionaries and those in this unit are only meant to present a few examples.

【同源单词】abampere, abampere centimeter squared, abampere per square centimeter, abarticular, abarticulation, abbreviate

词根词缀：a-, an-

【来源及含义】Greek: prefix; no, absence of, without, lack of; not

【相关描述】These prefixes are normally used with elements of Greek origin, a- is used before consonants and an- is used before vowels.

It affects the meanings of hundreds of words.

There are too many words that use these prefix elements to list all of them on this site; however, there are significant examples listed in this and the other units where they exist.

【同源单词】abacterial, abaptism, abarognosis, abasia, abiocoen, abiogenesis

词根词缀：abdomin-, abdomino-, abdomen-

【来源及含义】Latin: belly, venter [the use of "stomach" is considered incorrect for this root word]; from Latin abdo-, to put away

【同源单词】abdomen, abdominal, abdominal adhesion, abdominal aorta, abdominal aortic aneurysm, abdominal aortography

词根词缀：abort-, aborti-

【来源及含义】Latin: miscarry, pass away, perish by an untimely birth

【相关词根词缀】 Related "birth, born, childbirth, offspring" words: feto-; lochio-; nasc-, nat-; proli-; toco-, toko-.

【同源单词】abort, aborticidal, aborticide, abortifacient, abortion, abortional

词根词缀：aboulo-, aboul-, abulo-, abul-

【来源及含义】Greek: irresolution, indecision, loss or defect of the ability to make decisions

【同源单词】aboulia, aboulias, aboulic, aboulomania, abulia, paraboulia

词根词缀：abysso-, abyss-, abys-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: Greek [abussoz], a-, "no" plus bussos, "bottom" through Latin [abyssus], "no bottom, bottomless"

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】abysm, abysmal, abysmally, abyss, abyssal, abyssal plains

词根词缀：academ-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: [originally, Academus/Akademus, a name of a hero in Greek mythology; then it became a gymnasium near Athens where Plato taught]

【相关描述】In the beginning, academy referred to the "olive grove of Academus" or "the groves of Academe". Plato established his school in 387 B.C. Music, philosophy, and literature were taught there. Some accounts say that Plato sat on the ground and taught while resting against the trunk of an olive tree.

Now academies generally exist as private-secondary schools, military institutions; as art, literary, and scientific societies; and institutions in the entertainment world. According to John Ayto, the more general meanings "college, place of training" derive from French.

【同源单词】academe, academia, academic, academical, academician, academicism

词根词缀：acaro-, acar-, acari-, acarin-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: "tiny spider", mite[s] "itch"; ticks

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "spider; arachnoidea": arachno-; arano-; mite, mites.

【同源单词】Acarapis, acararian, Acari, acarian, acariasis, acaricidal

词根词缀：accipit-

【来源及含义】Latin: bird of prey, a hawk; hawk-like

【相关描述】From Latin capere, "to seize".

【同源单词】accipiter, accipitral, accipitres, Accipitriformes, accipitrine, Terretur minimo pennae stridore columba unguibus

词根词缀：acerb-, acerbo-; acri-, acrid-

【来源及含义】Latin: bitter, sharp, sour, stinging

【相关描述】Formed from a blend of Latin acer- (feminine acris, neuter acre) which are both related to Latin acus, "needle"; acies, "sharp edge, point, the front of an army, line of battle, battle array"; and acuere, "to sharpen".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": aceto-; acid-; acies- (not "sour"); acuto- (not "sour"); oxy-; pung- (not "sour").

【同源单词】acerbate, acerbic, acerbity, acerbophobia, acerophobia, acerose

词根词缀：acetyl-

【来源及含义】Latin: derived from aceto- plus the suffix -yl; used in naming chemical radicals

【相关描述】Derived from or containing acetic acid in chemical nomenclature.

The words in this unit are directly related to the aceto- unit.

【同源单词】acetyl group, acetylase, acetylation, acetylcholine, acetylcysteine, acetyldigitoxin

词根词缀：achillo-, achill-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: tendon at the back of the heel

【同源单词】Achilles, Achilles heel, Achilles jerk, Achilles tendon, achillobursitis, achillodynia

词根词缀：achlyo-, achly-, achlys-, achlu-

【来源及含义】Greek: mist, dimness, darkness

【同源单词】achluophobia, Achlya, achlys

词根词缀：acies-, aci-, acicul-

【来源及含义】Latin: a sharp edge or point; mental acuity, sharpness of vision

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": acerb-; aceto-; acid-; acuto- (not "sour"); oxy-; pung- (not "sour").

【同源单词】acicula, acicular, acicular ice, acicularity, acicularly, aciculate

词根词缀：acin-, acini-

【来源及含义】Latin: grape, grapes in a cluster

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are derived directly, or indirectly, from: "grape, grapes": racem-; staphyl-; uveo-; uvul-.

【同源单词】acinic, aciniform, acinitis, acinose, acinotubular, acinous

词根词缀：acinac-

【来源及含义】Latin: a kind of short sword or scimiter

【同源单词】acinaces, acinacifolious, acinaciform

词根词缀：aco-, aceo-

【来源及含义】Greek: remedy, cure

【同源单词】acognosia, acology

词根词缀：acrido-, acrid-, acris-

【来源及含义】Greek: grasshopper, grasshoppers; locust, locusts; cricket, crickets

【同源单词】Acridid, Acrididae, Acrididae, acridids, acridology, acridophage

词根词缀：acro-, acr-

【来源及含义】Greek: high, highest, highest point; top, tip end, outermost; extreme; extremity of the body

【同源单词】acroagnosis, acroanesthesia, acroarthritis, acroasphyxia, acroataxia, acrobat

词根词缀：actino-, actin-, actini-, -actinal, actis-

【来源及含义】Greek: ray [as of light] or like a ray in form; radiance, radiation; a radiating or tentacled structure

【同源单词】actin, actinal, actinian, actinic, actinic burn, actinic carcinoma

词根词缀：acto-, act-, akto-, akt-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: seashore, beach, strand, promontory

【同源单词】Actiornis, Actitis macularia, actophile, actophilous, aktios, aktites

词根词缀：acuto-, acut-, acuti-, acu-, -cusis; also, agu-

【来源及含义】Latin: sharp, to sharpen, point; needle, pin

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": acerb-; aceto-; acid-; acies- (not "sour"); oxy-; pung- (not "sour").

【同源单词】acicula, acicular, acicular ice, aciculate, aciculate, aciculiform

词根词缀：ad-

【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; to, toward, a direction toward, addition to, near, at; and changes to: ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, at- when ad- is combined with certain words that begin with the letters c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t

【相关描述】The form ad- appears in this form before a vowel and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v. It is simplified to a- before sc, sp and st.

Before c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t; ad- is changed to ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, and at-.

In other words, the d of ad usually changes into the same letter as the first letter of the following root or word when it is a consonant: ad-fix becomes affix, and ad-sign becomes assign; therefore, making a double consonant.

Another example includes: attract as with ad-tract (drawn towards); so it has a double t. On the other hand when ad- precedes a vowel, as with adapt, it is simply ad-apt, with one d. For the same reason, there is only one d in adore and adumbrate, because ad- has combined with orare and umbra each of which starts with a vowel.

So, remember: since these Latin words begin with vowels and not consonants, the d of ad does not double as shown in the previous examples.

【同源单词】a capite ad calcem, Ab ovo usque ad mala, Ab uno ad omnes, Abiit ad majores, abjure, accede

词根词缀：adamant-

【来源及含义】Latin: hard as steel, iron

【同源单词】adamantine

词根词缀：adeno-, aden-, adeni-

【来源及含义】Greek: gland or glands, glandular [from “acorn”]

【同源单词】adenalgia, adendric, adenectomy, adenectopia, adenia, adenic

词根词缀：adipo-, adip-, adipos-

【来源及含义】Latin: fat, fatty; lard; of or pertaining to fat; fleshy

【相关词根词缀】Other related units of fat words: lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; omento-; pimelo-; pio-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】adipal, adipate, adipectomy, adipescent, adipic, adipis

词根词缀：adreno-, adren-, -adrenal-

【来源及含义】Latin: a gland or the glands near the kidneys: ad-, "near" plus ren[es], "kidneys"

【相关描述】The name applies to the adrenal glands because of their proximity to the kidneys.

【同源单词】adrenal, adrenalectomize, adrenalectomy, adrenaline, adrenalism, adrenalitis

词根词缀：aego-, aeg-; ego-, eg-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: goat

【相关词根词缀】 Related goat-word units: capri-; hirco-; tragico-.

【同源单词】aegagrus, Aegeus, aegicrania, aegilops, Aegina, aegis

词根词缀：aello-

【来源及含义】Greek: stormy wind, whirlwind; from Greek mythology, Aëllo, a harpy; whose name literally means, "Stormswift"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】Aello, aelophile, aelophilous, aelophily, aeolation, aeolian deposit

词根词缀：aeluro-, aelur-, ailuro-, ailouro-, ailur-, eluro-

【来源及含义】Greek: cat, cats

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "cat": cat; feli-, felin-; galeo-; gato-.

【同源单词】Aeluroid, aeluromancy, aeluromania, aelurophile, aelurophilic, aelurophobe

词根词缀：aeolo-, aeol-

【来源及含义】Latin: air, wind; rapid, quick

【相关描述】The combining form aeolo- is used to denote musical-wind instruments; however, it also refers to "air" or "wind". This element comes from Aeolus; "the god of winds" in Greek and Latin mythology, with the literal Greek meaning of "rapid, quick".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】aeolation, aeolian deposit, aeolian

词根词缀：aero-, aer-, aeri-

【来源及含义】Greek: air, mist, wind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】aerate, aerated, aeration, aerator, aerenchyma, aerial

词根词缀：ag-, agen-, act-, agi-, agit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to set in motion, to hurry, to shake; to drive; to do, to act; to lead, to conduct, to guide

【同源单词】Ab actu ad posse valet illatio, Ab agendo, act, acta, Acta est fabula, acta sanctorum

词根词缀：agape-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: love feast of the early Christians; love, love feast; to love

【相关词根词缀】Related "love, fondness" units: amat-; philo-; vener-; venus.

【同源单词】agapae, Agapanthus, agape, agapeistic, Agapemone, Agapios

词根词缀：agari-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: mushrooms or toadstools

【同源单词】agaric, agaric acid, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, agaricin, agaricoid

词根词缀：agatho-, agath-

【来源及含义】Greek: good

【同源单词】Agatha, agathism, agathist, agathocacological, agathodemon, agathodemonic

词根词缀：agglutino-, aggluto-, agglutin-

【来源及含义】Latin: ad-, "to, toward, near" plus gluten, glutinis, "glue, beeswax"

【同源单词】agglutinable, agglutinant, agglutinate, agglutination, agglutinative, agglutingen

词根词缀：agio-

【来源及含义】Greek > Italian: change; a fee charged by money brokers [changers] for exchanging money

【同源单词】agio, agiotage

词根词缀：agon-

【来源及含义】Greek: struggle, a contest, to contend for a prize; also, to lead, set in motion, drive, conduct, guide, govern; to do, to act; by extension, pain

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; arch-; -crat; dom-; gov-; magist-; poten-; regi-; tyran-.

【同源单词】agon, agonal, agonarch, agonic, agonious, agonism

词根词缀：agora-, -gor-

【来源及含义】Greek: assembly, market place; open space, public speaking; originally, "to unite"

【同源单词】agora, agoramania, agoraphobia, allegory, diagorize, Harpagornis

词根词缀：agra-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: from ager to agri and agrarius, of the land; land, fields

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】agral, agrarian, agrarianism, agrarianization, agrarianly

词根词缀：agrest-

【来源及含义】Latin: rustic, rural; pertaining to the fields; from ager then agrestis, "field"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】agrestal, agrested, agrestial, agrestian, agrestic, agrestical

词根词缀：agro-

【来源及含义】Greek: land, soil, field, fields; earth; wild, as one who lives in the fields; wildness; savage, savageness

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】Agrobacterium, agrobacterium, agrobiologist, agrobiology, agrobusiness, agrochemical

词根词缀：agrosto-, agrost-

【来源及含义】Greek: wild grass; grass

【同源单词】agrostographer, agrostographic, agrostography, agrostologist, agrostology, grass

词根词缀：agryp-

【来源及含义】Greek: sleeplessness, wakefulness; originally, it meant "sleeping in the field"

【同源单词】agrypnetic, agrypnia, agrypnia senilis, agrypnocoma, agrypnode, agrypnotic

词根词缀：agyio-, agyi-

【来源及含义】Greek: street

【同源单词】agyiomania, agyiophobia

词根词缀：aichmo-, aichm-

【来源及含义】Greek: spear, spear point

【同源单词】aichmomancy, aichmomania, aichmophobia, aichmorhabdophobia

词根词缀：aigialo-, aigial-, aigi-

【来源及含义】Greek: beach, seashore; and also a cliff

【同源单词】agialosaur, aigialium, aigialophilous, aigialophyte, aigicole

词根词缀：ala-, ali-, al-

【来源及含义】Latin: wing

【同源单词】ala, alar, alary, alate, aliform, alinasal

词根词缀：albumino-, albumi-, albumin-, albumini-, albumo-

【来源及含义】Latin: the color white

【相关描述】This unit is directly related to the albo-, -albify unit.

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "white": albo-; leuco-.

【同源单词】albuginea, albuginean, albugineotomy, albugineous, albuginitis, albugo

词根词缀：alcoholo-, alcohol-, alcoho-

【来源及含义】Arabic > Latin: alcohol, originally an "essence or very fine powder"

【相关描述】A finely pulverized antimony ore or metallic powder used for painting the eyelids that is related to Hebrew kahal.

The term comes from Arabic al-kuhl which is from al-, "the" and kohl or kuhl, "antimony sulfide".

【同源单词】alcholimetric, alcholizer, alcholometrical, alcogel, alcohol, alcohol

词根词缀：aleato-, aleat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: depending on chance or luck; pertaining to gambling; rolling of dice; game of hazard or chance

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly or indirectly to: "chance, luck, fate": auspic-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】aleatocracy, aleatocrat, aleatocratic, aleatoric, aleatory

词根词缀：alectryo-, alectryu-, alecto-, alectoro-, alektoro-

【来源及含义】Greek: rooster, cock; sometimes, also chicken

【同源单词】alectoria, Alectorides, alectoromancy, alectoromantia, alectryomachy, alectryomancy

词根词缀：alesc-, alit-, olesc-

【来源及含义】Latin: grow; be nourished, nourishment

【同源单词】adolescence, adolescence, adolescent, adolescents, adult, adulticide

词根词缀：aletho-, aleth-

【来源及含义】Greek: true; nothing concealed; real [from a-, "no, nothing" and letho-, "forgetfullness, oblivion"]

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "forget, forgetfulness" word families: letho-; oblivio-. Related "memory, remember" word families: memor-; mne-.

【同源单词】Alethea, Aletheuontes de en Agape, alethia, alethic, alethiology, alethology

词根词缀：aleuro-, aleur-

【来源及含义】Greek: flour

【同源单词】aleuromancy, aleurometer, aleuronat, aleuronate, aleurone, aleuronic

词根词缀：alexo-, alex-, alexi-

【来源及含义】Greek: defend, protect, ward off, keep off

【同源单词】Alexander, alexeteric, alexicacon, alexidine, alexin, alexipharmac

词根词缀：alg-

【来源及含义】Latin: seaweed

【相关描述】Don't confuse this Latin element with the Greek element alg-, algo- which means "pain".

【同源单词】aerohygrocola, alga, algicide, algin, alginate, alginic acid

词根词缀：algid-

【来源及含义】Latin: cold, chilly; freeze

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": cheimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】algid, algid malaria, algid stage, algidism, algidity, algidness

词根词缀：algo-, alg-

【来源及含义】Greek: pain

【相关描述】Don't confuse these Greek algo-, alg- words with other words that come from the Latin element, alg-, which means "sea weed".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; poen-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】algesidystrophy, algiovascular, algodystrophy, algogenesia, algogenesis, algogenic

词根词缀：ali-

【来源及含义】Latin: other, another

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, changing": allo-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】Ab alio expectes, Alia tendanda via est, alias, Alias dictus, alibi, alibi

词根词缀：alimento-, aliment-

【来源及含义】Latin: food, nourishment

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": broma-; carno-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】aliment, alimentary, alimentation, alimentology, alimentotherapy, alimony

词根词缀：allanto-, allant-

【来源及含义】Greek: sausage

【相关描述】The original Greek meaning was "garlicky [sausage]".

【同源单词】allantiasis, allantoic, allantoiod, allantois, megallantoid, micrallantoid

词根词缀：allelo-, allel-

【来源及含义】Greek: one another, of one another; literally, "the other"; reciprocally; in mutual relation

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】allele, allelic, allelism, allelocatalysis, allelochemics, allelogenic

词根词缀：allo-, all-

【来源及含义】Greek: different, other, another; divergence; a combining form denoting a condition differing from the normal or a reversal, or referring to "another"

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】allegory, allenthesis, allergen, allergization, allergy, allesthesia

词根词缀：allotrio- , allotri-

【来源及含义】Greek: different, of or belonging to another; foreign, strange; abnormal; perverse

【相关词根词缀】 Related "foreign, strange" word families: barbar-; xeno-.

【同源单词】allotridontia, allotriogeustia, allotriolith, allotriomorphic, allotriophagia, allotriorhexia

词根词缀：alopec-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: fox; baldness; derived from "mange in foxes"; bald patches on the head

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】alopecia, alopecia areata, alopecia capitis totalis, alopecia congenitalis, alopecia follicularis, alopecia liminaris

词根词缀：alphito-, alphit-

【来源及含义】Greek: barly, pearl barley, groats; originally, "white grain"

【同源单词】alphitomancy, alphitomorphous

词根词缀：also-, als-

【来源及含义】Greek: forest, woods, a woodland

【同源单词】alsocole, alsophilous, alsophily

词根词缀：alter-

【来源及含义】Latin: different, other, another; to change, to modify

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】Ab alio expectes, adulterant, adulterate, adulteration, adulterer, adulteress

词根词缀：alto-, alt-, alti-

【来源及含义】Latin: high, highest, make high; tall, lofty

【同源单词】Ab alio expectes, Alta pete, altar, altar, altazimuth, altigraph

词根词缀：altrici-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: nourisher; wet nurse; midwife

【同源单词】altrice, altricial, altricious

词根词缀：alumino-, alumin-

【来源及含义】Latin: aluminum [U.S.] and aluminium, [British]

【相关描述】This term was coined in 1812 by its discoverer, the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy, as an alteration of the earlier [1808] New Latin alumium, that was also coined by Sir Davy from alumina, a mineral occurring in nature as corundum plus -ium, a suffix meaning, in this case, "metal").

The variant form aluminium, which is preferred in British usage, also appeared in 1812 as a deliberate alteration of aluminum in order to eliminate confusion because of the partial resemblance to other names of certain elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, all of which were coined earlier by Sir Davy.

【同源单词】aluminate, alumine, aluminium, Aluminoid, aluminosis, aluminothermy

词根词缀：alveolo-, alveol-, alve-, alveat-

【来源及含义】Latin: trough, channel; small cavity, small pit; hollow

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】alvei, alveoalgia, alveobronchiolitis, alveolar, alveolate, alveolectomy

词根词缀：amalga-

【来源及含义】Latin: Medieval Latin amalgama, perhaps from malagma, "poultice" or "plaster"

【同源单词】amalgam, amalgam retort, amalgam treatment, amalgamate, amalgamation, amalgamation pan

词根词缀：amat-, amor-, am-

【来源及含义】Latin: love, loving; fondness for; such as a man for a woman and a woman for a man

【相关词根词缀】This "love" unit is the main source of the words in the ami- or "friend" unit. Related "love, fondness" units: agape-; philo-; vener-; venus.

【同源单词】amateur, amateurish, amateurishly, amateurishness, amative, amatively

词根词缀：amatho-, amath-, amathi-

【来源及含义】Greek: sand [dust]

【相关词根词缀】Other related "sand" units: ammo-; areni-; silico-; thino-.

【同源单词】amathad, amathicole, amathocole, amathomancy, amathophile, amathophobia

词根词缀：amaxo-, amax-, amathi-

【来源及含义】Greek: wagon, vehicle

【同源单词】amaxomania, amaxophobia

词根词缀：ambi-, amb-, ambo-

【来源及含义】Latin: both, on both sides; around, about; vague; obscure

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ampho-; circ-; circum-; cyclo-, -cycle; gyro-; peri-.

【同源单词】ambiance, ambiciliate, ambicolorate, ambidexter, ambidexterity, ambidextrous

词根词缀：amblyo-, ambly-

【来源及含义】Greek: dull, dullness, dim, dimness, blunt; stupid

【同源单词】amblyacousia, amblyanthus, amblyaphia, amblychromasia, amblychromatic, amblygeustia

词根词缀：ambros-, ambro-, ambrot-

【来源及含义】Greek: food of the gods that gave immortality; immortal, divine, excellent

【同源单词】ambrosia, ambrosiac, ambrosial, ambrosially, ambrosin, ambrotype

词根词缀：ameno-, amoeno-

【来源及含义】Latin: pleasantness, delightfulness, loveliness

【同源单词】amenomania, amenous

词根词缀：ami-, amic-

【来源及含义】Latin: friend, friendly; loveable; goodwill, cordial; peaceful relations

【相关描述】The words in this "friend" unit are directly related to the "love" or the amo- unit.

【同源单词】amiability, amiable, amiably, amicability, amicable, amicably

词根词缀：ammo-, amm-

【来源及含义】Greek: sand; used primarily in botany and zoology

【相关词根词缀】Other related "sand" units: amatho-; areni-; silico-; thino-.

【同源单词】Ammobium, ammocalous, ammochaeta, ammochryse, ammochthophilous, ammochthophily

词根词缀：amni-

【来源及含义】Latin: stream of water, river

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": fluvio-; meand-; oceano-; potamo-; ripari-.

【同源单词】amnic, amnicole, amnicolist, amnigenous, interamnian

词根词缀：amnio-

【来源及含义】Greek: "bowl", or "lamb"

【同源单词】amniocardiac, amniocele, amniocentesis, amniochorial, amniochorion, amniochorionic

词根词缀：ampel-, ampelo-

【来源及含义】Greek: vine

【同源单词】ampelography, ampelopsis, Ampelosaurus, ampelotherapy

词根词缀：ampho-, amph-, amphi-

【来源及含义】Greek: around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ambi-; circ-; circum-; cyclo-, -cycle; gyro-; peri-.

【同源单词】amphanthium, amphiarthrodial, amphiarthrosis, amphiaster, amphiatlantic, Amphibia

词根词缀：amphor-

【来源及含义】Greek (amphoreus > Latin (amphora): bottle, jar; a vessel with two handles or ears, a pitcher

【同源单词】amphora, amphoral, amphore, amphoric, amphoric respiration, amphoricity

词根词缀：amplect-, amplexi-, amplex-

【来源及含义】Latin: embrace; clasp, clasping

【同源单词】amplectant, amplexation, amplexicaudate, amplexicaul, amplexicaulis, amplexifoliate

词根词缀：ampli-, ampl-

【来源及含义】Latin: large, enlargement, spacious; comprehensive; enough, more than enough

【同源单词】ample, amplification, amplified fragment length polymorphism, amplifier, amplify, amplitude

词根词缀：ampulla-

【来源及含义】Latin: flask

【同源单词】ampul, ampular, ampule, ampulla, ampullaceous, ampullate

词根词缀：amycho-, amych-

【来源及含义】Greek: scratch, itch

【同源单词】amychomania, amychophobia

词根词缀：amygdalo-, amygdal-

【来源及含义】Latin: tonsil [almond, almond shaped]

【同源单词】amygdal, amygdalin, amygdaline, amygdaloid, amygdalolith, amygdalopathy

词根词缀：amylo-, amyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: starch

【同源单词】amyl, amylaceous, amylase, amylemia, amyliferous, amylin

词根词缀：amyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: no muscle

【同源单词】amyocardia, amyoesthesia, amyoesthesis, amyoplasia, amyostasia, amyosthenia

词根词缀：ana-, an-, ano-, am-

【来源及含义】Greek: up, upward; back, backward, against; again, anew; used as a prefix

【同源单词】ana-, Anabaptism, Anabaptist, anabaptize, anabatic wind, anabiont

词根词缀：anco-, anc-

【来源及含义】Greek: ankos: a bend or hollow, an angle; a valley; also a crag

【同源单词】ancocole, ancophilous

词根词缀：ancon-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: elbow

【相关词根词缀】A related "elbow" family of words: ulno-.

【同源单词】anconad, anconagra, anconal, ancone, anconeal, anconeus

词根词缀：anemo-, anem-

【来源及含义】Greek: air, wind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】anemious, anemochord, anemochore, anemoclast, anemoclastic, anemocracy

词根词缀：angelo-, angel-

【来源及含义】Greek: messenger, divine messenger

【同源单词】angel, Angela, angeldom, angelhood, angelic, Angelica

词根词缀：angina-

【来源及含义】Latin: to strangle; to choke or to suffocate

【相关描述】A spasmodic, cramplike, oppressive pain or attack. Any of varioius diseases marked by attacks of choking or suffocation, especially those affecting the throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; poen-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】angina, angina pectoris, anginal, anginaphobia, anginiform, anginoid

词根词缀：angle, angu-

【来源及含义】Latin: a corner, a bend

【同源单词】acutangular, acute angle, angle, angle, angular, angularly

词根词缀：angui-

【来源及含义】Latin: serpent, snake

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "snakes or other reptiles": coluber-; herpeto-; ophio-; reptil-; sauro-.

【同源单词】anguiform, anguilliform, anguine, anguineous, anguiped, anguiped

词根词缀：angusti-, angust-

【来源及含义】Latin: narrow, tight, slender, thin

【同源单词】Ad augusta per angust, anguish, anguish, anguish, angust, angustate

词根词缀：anilo-, anil-

【来源及含义】Latin: an old woman; old age of a woman; a "venerable woman"

【相关词根词缀】 Related "woman, female" units: fem-; gyno-; mulie-; virgo-.

【同源单词】anile, anililagnia, anility, anilojuvenogamist, anilojuvenogamous, anilojuvenogamy

词根词缀：anima-, anim-

【来源及含义】Latin: animal life, a living creature; living; breath; soul; mind

【相关描述】The Latin element, anima-, refers to “a living being” from a Latin form meaning, “of air, having a spirit, living”; which in turn comes from another form meaning, “breath of air, air, soul, life”.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "animal" units: faun-; therio-; zoo-. Related life, live-word units: bio-; -cole; vita-; viva-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; anxi-; deliri-; hallucina-; menti-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】anima, animadversion, animadversive, animadversiveness, animadvert, animadverter

词根词缀：aniso-, anis-

【来源及含义】Greek: unequal; by extension: unsymmetrical, uneven; dissimilar, unlike

【相关描述】A combination of an- (Greek), "negative", "no", or "not"; plus iso-, "equal" resulting in unequal or not equal.

A formative of technical terms, in many cases merely the negative of corresponding terms in iso-.

【同源单词】aniseikonia, anisergy, aniso, anisocarpous, anisochromasia, anisochromia

词根词缀：ankylo-, ankyl-, anky-, anchylo-, anchyl-, ancylo-, ancyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: stiff, unmovable; adhesion; by extension, "bent, hooked, crooked, curved, looped"

【同源单词】anchyloblepharon, anchylose, anchylosed, anchylosis, anchylotic, ankyloblepharon

词根词缀：ann-, anni-, annu-

【来源及含义】Latin: year, yearly

【同源单词】annalist, annals, anniversary, anno Domini, anno mundi, annual

词根词缀：annul-, anul-

【来源及含义】Latin: ring

【同源单词】annular, annuloaortic, annuloplasty, annulus, anular cartilage, anular ligament

词根词缀：anomalo-, anomal-

【来源及含义】Greek: irregular, uneven; abnormal

【同源单词】anomalad, anomaliped, anomalism, anomalist, anomalistic, anomalopia

词根词缀：anopheli-, anophel-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: mosquito, mosquitoes

【同源单词】Anopheles, anophelicide, anophelifuge, Anophelinae, anopheline mosquitoes, Anophelini

词根词缀：ans-, ansa-, ansi-

【来源及含义】Latin: jug handle; loop

【同源单词】ansa, ansa cervicalis, ansa lenticularis, ansa nervorum spinalium, ansa peduncularis, ansa sacralis

词根词缀：anseri-, anser-

【来源及含义】Latin: geese [as well as swans and ducks]

【同源单词】anser, anserated, anseres, anseriform, Anseriformes, Anserinae

词根词缀：ante-, ant-

【来源及含义】Latin: before, in front of, prior to, forward; used as a prefix

【相关描述】Compare this element with anti-, meaning "against". Anti-, with the meaning of "before", is found in very few words, such as: "antipasto" (from Italian) and "anticipate" with its various forms, plus a few scientific terms.

【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: antero-; anti-; pre-; pro-.

【同源单词】advance, advancement, advantage, advantageous, advantageously, advantageousness

词根词缀：antero-

【来源及含义】Latin: before, in front of; fore, prior, preceding; used as a prefix

【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: ante-; anti-; pre-; pro-.

【同源单词】anterodorsal, anteroexternal, anterofrontal, anterograde, anteroinferior, anterointernal

词根词缀：anthraco-, anthrac-, anthra-

【来源及含义】Greek: coal, charcoal, carbuncle; carbon-dioxide

【同源单词】anthracaemia, anthracene, anthracite, anthracitic, anthracnose, anthracobionic

词根词缀：anti-

【来源及含义】Latin: before; used as a prefix

【相关描述】Don't confuse this anti- ("before") with the anti- which means "against, opposed to".

【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: ante-; antero-; pre-; pro-.

【同源单词】anticipant, anticipatable, anticipate, anticipation, anticipatory, anticus

词根词缀：anti-, ant-

【来源及含义】Greek: against, opposed to, preventive; used as a prefix

【相关描述】Don't confuse this anti- ("against, preventive") with the anti- which means "before".

【同源单词】anecdote, antacid, antagonism, antagonistic symbiosis, antagonize, Antarctic

词根词缀：antiqu-

【来源及含义】Latin: old

【同源单词】antique, antiquity

词根词缀：antro-, antr-

【来源及含义】Greek: cave, cavern; in medicine, of or pertaining to a [bodily] cavity or sinus; a term in anatomical nomenclature, especially to designate a cavity or chamber within a bone

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】antritis, antrum, atticoantrotomy

词根词缀：anu-, ana-, an-, anal-, ano-

【来源及含义】Latin: ring, an iron ring for the feet; circle; (so called because of its form); usually the posterior opening of the alimentary canal through which undigested food is voided; the anus

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】anoderm, anoperineal, anophony, anorectal, anorectocolonic, anorectum

词根词缀：anxi-

【来源及含义】Latin: anxius, solicitous, uneasy, troubled in mind

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; deliri-; hallucina-; menti-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】angst, antianxiety, anxiety, anxiolytic, anxious, anxiously

词根词缀：aorto-, aort-, aortico-

【来源及含义】Greek: lower extremity of the windpipe; by extension, extremity of the heart, the great artery

【同源单词】aorta, aortae, aortal, aortectomy, aortic, aorticopulmonary

词根词缀：apate-, apat-

【来源及含义】Greek: deceit, fraud; deceitful, deceptive, illusory, wily

【同源单词】apatetic, apatetic coloration, apatite, Apatosaurus

词根词缀：apeir-, apeiro-

【来源及含义】Greek: boundless, infinite

【同源单词】apeiron, apeirophobia

词根词缀：apert-, aperi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to open, to uncover

【同源单词】aperient, ap, aperitifs, aperitive, apertural, aperture

词根词缀：apex-

【来源及含义】Latin: summit, tip, top, point

【同源单词】apex, apex cordis, apex linguae, apex nasi, apexcardiogram, apexcardiography

词根词缀：aphro-, aphr-

【来源及含义】Greek: foam, froth

【同源单词】aphrite, aphrizite, aphrodita, aphrodite, aphrolite

词根词缀：api-

【来源及含义】Latin: bee

【相关描述】Kim Hubbard

E. Cole, An English Dictioinary, 1677

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Acarapis, apiaceous, apian, apiarian, apiarist, apiary

词根词缀：apico-, apic-

【来源及含义】Latin: top, cap, tip, apex

【同源单词】apical, apically, apicectomy, apicoectomy, apiculus, periapical

词根词缀：apo-, ap-, aph-

【来源及含义】Greek: from, away from, asunder, separate, separation from, derived from

【同源单词】ahydrotaxis, aphorism, aphydrotactic, apobiosis, apobiotic, apocalypse

词根词缀：apodyso-, -apodys-; -dyso, -dys, -dysis; -ecdysi-

【来源及含义】Greek: undress, disrobe; take off, strip, lay bare; shed, molt

【同源单词】anecdysis, anecdysis, apodyserotic, apodysis, apodysophilia, diecdysis

词根词缀：apt-, ept-

【来源及含义】Latin: fit, fitted, suited, suitable, appropriate; join, fasten

【同源单词】adapt, adapt, adaptability, adaptable, adaptableness, adaptably

词根词缀：aquil-

【来源及含义】Latin: eagle; referring to or like an eagle

【同源单词】accipitrine, Aquila, aquiline, Aquilo, eagle, eagle

词根词缀：ara-

【来源及含义】Latin: suitable for plowing; to plow

【同源单词】arability, arable, arableness, inarable

词根词缀：arachno-, arachn-

【来源及含义】Greek: spider; the arachnoidea; when used in medicine this Greek element refers to a membrane, veins, or any web-like structure in the body

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "spider; arachnoidea": acaro-; arano-; mite, mites.

【同源单词】arachnactis, Arachne, arachnean, arachnephobia, arachnid, Arachnida

词根词缀：aracho-, arachi-, arachid-, araki-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: legume; peanut

【同源单词】arachibutyrophobia, arachic, arachidonic acid, arachin, Arachis hypogaea, arachis oil

词根词缀：arano-, aran-

【来源及含义】Latin: spider

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "spider; arachnoidea": acaro-; arachno-; mite, mites.

【同源单词】Aranea, Araneae, araneid, Araneida, Araneidae, araneidan

词根词缀：arbitr-, arbit-

【来源及含义】Latin: consider, judge; spectator, listener, witness; originally, "decided by one's own discretion or judgment"

【同源单词】Ad arbitrium, arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrager, arbitral

词根词缀：arbor-, arbori-

【来源及含义】Latin: tree, trees

【同源单词】arbor, arbor vitae, arboraceous, arboreal, arborean, arboreous

词根词缀：arbuscu-, arbusc-

【来源及含义】Latin: shrub

【同源单词】arbuscle, arbuscular

词根词缀：arc, arc-, arci-, arch, arch-

【来源及含义】Latin: arcus, bow, a curved structure

【同源单词】arc, arc lamp, arcade, arcaded, arch, arched

词根词缀：arcto-, arct-

【来源及含义】Greek: of the bear, bear [the animal]; or the north, northern

【相关词根词缀】 Related "bear, bears (animals)" word units: Berserk; ursi-.

【同源单词】antarctic air, antarctic anticyclone, Antarctic bottom water, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Antarctic, Antarctical

词根词缀：arena, areni-

【来源及含义】Latin: harena; sand, sandy place, sea-shore; place of combat [literally, "place strewn with sand"]

【相关词根词缀】Other related "sand" units: amatho-; ammo-; silico-; thino-.

【同源单词】arena, arenaceous, arenarious, arenicole, arenicolite, arenicolous

词根词缀：areo-

【来源及含义】Greek: thin, slight, weak; small space

【同源单词】areometer, areometric, areometry

词根词缀：areo-, are-

【来源及含义】Greek: of, or pertaining to "god of war", Ares or Mars, used primarily in astronomy

【相关词根词缀】 Related "war, war-like" or "battle" word units: belli-; -machy; milit-.

【同源单词】areography, areology, Areopagite, Areopagus, Ares

词根词缀：argento-, argent-, argenti-

【来源及含义】Latin: silver

【同源单词】argent, argentation, argenti, argentic, argentiferous, Argentina

词根词缀：argill-, argillo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: clay

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】argillaceous, argillaceous rock, argillation, argillic, argillic alteration, argillic horizon

词根词缀：argo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: passive, unworkable, slow; a-, "without, not" + ergon, "work"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: ergasio-; ergo-; labor-; oper-; pono-; urg-.

【同源单词】argamblyopia, argodromile, argon, argonon, argotaxis

词根词缀：argyro-, argyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: silver

【同源单词】argyanthous, argyremia, argyria, argyrism, argyron, argyrophil

词根词缀：arid-

【来源及含义】Latin: to be dry; lacking enough water for things to grow, dry and barren; by extension, not interesting, lifeless, dull

【相关词根词缀】Cross reference of another word family related to: "dry": xer-, xero-.

【同源单词】areal, arid, arid-agriculture, aridity, aridly, aridness

词根词缀：arist-, aristi-

【来源及含义】Latin: awn or beard of grain; ear of grain

【同源单词】arista, aristate, aristulate

词根词缀：aristo-, arist-

【来源及含义】Greek: best

【同源单词】aristarchy, aristocracy, aristocrat, aristocratic, aristocratical, aristocratically

词根词缀：arithmo-, arith-

【来源及含义】Greek: number

【同源单词】arithmancy, arithmocracy, arithmocratic, arithmogram, arithmograph, arithmography

词根词缀：-arium (s), -aria (pl)

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a suffix; a place for; abounding in or connected with something; a place containing or related to that which is specified by the root

【同源单词】aquarium, armamentarium, aspidarium, caldarium, cinerarium, clavicular notch

词根词缀：-arium, -ariom-

【来源及含义】Greek: a suffix; little, small

【同源单词】terrarium

词根词缀：arm-

【来源及含义】Latin: weapon; implement of war

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with another English "arm", meaning "upper limb" of the body.

【同源单词】alarum, arm, arm, armada, armadillo, armament

词根词缀：aromo-, arom-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: fragrance, odor, spice

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": brom-; odor-, odori-; olfacto-; osmo-; osphresio-; ozon-.

【同源单词】aroma, aromatherapist, aromatherapy, aromatic, aromatical, aromaticity

词根词缀：arrheno-, arrhen-

【来源及含义】Greek: male

【同源单词】arrhenoblastoma, arrhenogenic, arrhenoid, arrhenokaryon, arrhenoplasm, arrhenotocia

词根词缀：ars-, ard-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】ardency, ardent, Ardentia verba, ardently, ardentness, ardor

词根词缀：arseno-, arsen-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: yellow orpiment [pigment of gold]; arsenic trisulfide, having a lemon-yellow color and a resinous luster; used as a pigment

【同源单词】arseniasis, arsenic, arsenotherapy

词根词缀：art-, arti-

【来源及含义】Latin: skill, handicraft, trade, occupation, art

【同源单词】art, Arte conservatus, arte et animo, arte et labore, Arte, artes

词根词缀：arterio-, arteri-, arter-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: artery, arteries; blood vessels, veins, or windpipe

【同源单词】arteria, arterial, arterialization, arteriarctia, arteriectasia, arteriectasis

词根词缀：arteriolo-, arteriol-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: windpipe, artery; arteriole, "small artery"

【同源单词】arteriola, arteriolae, arteriolar, arteriole, arteriolonecrosis, arteriolonephrosclerosis

词根词缀：arthro-, arthr-

【来源及含义】Greek: joint, pertaining to the joints or connecting bone structures

【同源单词】alloarthroplasty, amphiarthrodial, amphiarthrosis, anarthrous, arthal, arthralgia

词根词缀：articul-, artic-

【来源及含义】Latin: joint, divide into joints, segment into joints; speak distinctly

【同源单词】abarticular, abarticulation, article, articular, articulary, articulate

词根词缀：artio-

【来源及含义】Greek: even, matching; even number

【同源单词】artiodactyl, Artiodactyla, artiodactyle, artiodactylous, artiodactyls

词根词缀：ascari-, ascarid-

【来源及含义】Greek: worm; maw-worm; intestinal worm

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】ascariasis, ascaricide, ascarid, ascaridal, ascaridiasis, ascaridosis

词根词缀：asco-, asci-, asc-, ascidi-, ascid-

【来源及含义】Greek: little bag, bag; bladder, pouch; bladder like, sac like; from leather bag, wine skin

【同源单词】Aschelminthes, asci, ascian, ascidate, ascidial, ascidian

词根词缀：asper-

【来源及含义】Latin: rough; difficulty

【同源单词】Ad astra per aspera, asperate, asperation, asperity, exasperate, exasperated

词根词缀：aspergillo-, aspergill-

【来源及含义】Latin: to sprinkle, to scatter

【相关描述】A reference to fungi and to the diseases caused by them.

【同源单词】aspergillar, aspergilloma, aspergillosis, aspergillum, aspergillus

词根词缀：aspido-, aspid-

【来源及含义】Greek: shield; one who is armed with a shield

【同源单词】anaspid, aspidate, aspidistra, aspidium, aspidomancy, aspis

词根词缀：astragalo-, astragal-

【来源及含义】Greek: anklebone, talus ball of ankle joint; dice, die [the Greeks made these from ankle bones]

【同源单词】astragalar, astragalectomy, astragalocalcanean, astragalofibular, astragalomancy, astragaloscaphoic

词根词缀：astrapo-, astrap-

【来源及含义】Greek: lightning; the Greek verb strapto means "to hurl"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": bronto-; cerauno-, kerauno-; fulgur-; tonitro-, tonitru-.

【同源单词】astraphobia, astraphobiac, astrapomancy, astrapomania, astrapomaniac, Astrapotherium magnum

词根词缀：astro-, astr-

【来源及含义】Greek: star, stars, star shaped; also pertaining to outer space

【同源单词】apastron, archaeoastronomer, archaeoastronomy, astro-alchemist, astrobiology, astroblast

词根词缀：astut-, astu-

【来源及含义】Latin: artful, cunning; shrewd, crafty

【同源单词】astucious, astucity, astute, astutely, astuteness, Virtute non astutia

词根词缀：atav-

【来源及含义】Latin: grandfather; ancestor; father of a great-grandfather

【同源单词】atavism, atavistic, atavistically, uncle

词根词缀：ataxo-, ataxia-

【来源及含义】Greek: disorder, without order

【同源单词】acroataxia, angioataxia, ataxaphasia, ataxia, ataxiadynamia, ataxiagram

词根词缀：-ate (to do)

【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; to do, to make, to cause, or to act upon; to do something with

【同源单词】abbreviate, abdicate, abdicate, abnegate, accelerative, accentuate

词根词缀：-ate (office of)

【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; office of, office holder

【同源单词】cardinalate, consulate, delegate, diaconate, directorate, emirate

词根词缀：atelo-, atel-, ateli-

【来源及含义】Greek: imperfect, incomplete

【同源单词】atelectasis, atelectatic, atelencephalia, atelesis, atelia, atelia

词根词缀：ath-, athl-

【来源及含义】Greek: struggle, a contest [in war or in sports], to contend for a prize; physical activity, rigorous self-discipline or training

【同源单词】ascesis, ascetic, ascetic, asceticism, athlete, athletic

词根词缀：athero-, ather-

【来源及含义】Greek: groats, meal, porridge; soft, pasty materials

【相关描述】This element used to mean "of or pertaining to a sebaceous cyst" and "of or pertaining to arteriosclerosis", the "thickening of the arteries".

【同源单词】atherectomy, atherogenesis, atherogenic, atheroma, atheromatous, atherome

词根词缀：athro-

【来源及含义】Greek: collective

【同源单词】athrocyte, athrocytosis, synathroisis

词根词缀：atlanto-, atlant-

【来源及含义】Greek: Atlas, atlas; Atlant[os]

【相关描述】From Atlas, the god who was responsible for "bearing [carrying] the heavens on his shoulders".

【同源单词】atlantal, atlantoaxial, atlantoaxial, atlantodidymus, atlantomastoid, atlanto-occipital

词根词缀：atmido-, atmid-

【来源及含义】Greek: smoke, vapor, steam; from amis, atmidos, "smoke, vapor"

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "smoke, smoking": capno; Capnomania & Fumimania, Pt. 1; Capnophobia & Fumiphobia, Pt. 1; fumi-; nebula-; typho-.

【同源单词】atmidometer, atmidometric, atmidometry, atmometer

词根词缀：atmo-, atm-

【来源及含义】Greek: vapor, steam; air, gas; respiration

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】atmiatry, atmidometric, atmobios, atmocausis, atmocautery, atmoclast

词根词缀：atrio-, atri-

【来源及含义】Latin: entrance hall or chamber; upper heart chamber; central room

【同源单词】atrial, atrial electrogram, atrial fibrillation, atriomegaly, atrioseptoplasty, atrioseptostomy

词根词缀：atroc-, atroci-

【来源及含义】Latin: cruel, fierce; dark-looking, gloomy

【同源单词】atrocious, atrociously, atrociousness, atrocity

词根词缀：atto-

【来源及含义】Danish or Norwegian: eighteen; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】This prefix is used in the metric [decimal] system as quintillionth [U.S.] and trillionth part [U.K.], 10^-18 [0.000 000 000 000 000 001]. The metric symbol for atto- is a.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】attoampere, attofarad, attogram, attoscience, attosecond, attotesla

词根词缀：auc-

【来源及含义】Greek: increase, growth

词根词缀：audac-, audaci-

【来源及含义】Latin: dare, be bold

【同源单词】audace, Audaces fortuna iuvat, audacious, audaciously, audaciousness, audacity

词根词缀：audio-, aud-, audi-, audit-

【来源及含义】Latin: hearing, listening, perception of sounds

【相关词根词缀】 Related "hear, hearing; listen, listening" units: acous-; ausculto-.

【同源单词】Audi alteram partem, audibility, audible, audibleness, audibly, audiclave

词根词缀：aug-, auc-, auct-, auxano-, auxi-, aux-, auxo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to increase, to grow; growth

【同源单词】auction, auctioneer, augment, augmentation, augmentative, august

词根词缀：augur-

【来源及含义】Latin: diviner, soothsayer; a member of the college of priests in Rome, who foretold the future; in ancient Rome, a priest who foretold events by interpreting omens

【相关描述】Related to augerer, "to increase".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": auspic-; fa-, fate; Fates in action; futur-; -mancy; omen; -phemia; sorc-, sorcery; vati-.

【同源单词】auger, augur, augural, augurate, auguration, augured

词根词缀：aulet-, auletris-

【来源及含义】Greek: a flutist, musician

【同源单词】aulete, auletic

词根词缀：aulo-, aul-

【来源及含义】Greek: hollow way, tube, pipe; any instrument; such as, a flute

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "tube, pipe": can-, cann-; duc-, -duct (to lead, leading); fistul-; siphon-; syringo-; tub-.

【同源单词】aulophobia, aulophyte, aulophytic, aulosophile, aulostomatous, aulot

词根词缀：auri-, auriculo-, auricul-, auro-, aur-

【来源及含义】Latin: ear

【相关描述】Don't confuse this word family with another auri- unit which means "gold".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "ear" word families: myring-; oto-; tympano- (drum, stretched membrane).

【同源单词】aural, auricle, auricula, auricular, auriculare, auricularly

词根词缀：auri-, auro-, aur-

【来源及含义】Latin: gold, yellow

【相关描述】Don't confuse this word family with another auri- family unit which means "ear".

【同源单词】aureate, aureole, auriargentiferous, auric, aurid, auriferous

词根词缀：ausculto-, auscult-

【来源及含义】Latin: listen, hear

【相关词根词缀】 Related "hear, hearing; listen, listening" units: acous-; audio-.

【同源单词】auscultate, auscultated, auscultation, auscultator, auscultatory, auscultatory sounds

词根词缀：auspic-, auspec-

【来源及含义】Latin: to look, to observe in order to make a prediction; to see omens; from auspex [genitive form auspicis] avi-, stem of avis, "bird" plus -spex, "observer", from specere

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": augur-; fa-, fate; Fates in action; futur-; -mancy; omen; -phemia; sorc-, sorcery; vati-. A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】auspex, auspicate, auspicately, auspication, auspicator, auspicatory

词根词缀：auster-

【来源及含义】Greek: austeros, harsh, rough, bitter > Latin: dry, harsh, sour, tart

【同源单词】anti-austerity protest, austere, austerely, austereness, austerity, austerity

词根词缀：austro-, austr-, austral-, auster-

【来源及含义】Latin: south, south wind, southern

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】Archipel Indo-Australien, aurora australis, Aurora Australis or aurora australis, Aurora, Auster, austral

词根词缀：authentic-, authent-

【来源及含义】Greek authentikos > Latin authenticus: original, genuine, authoritative; one who does something himself or herself

【同源单词】authentic, authentical, authentically, authenticalness, authenticate, authentication

词根词缀：author-

【来源及含义】Latin: master, leader; he/she who brings about [something]

【同源单词】authority, authorization

词根词缀：auto-, aut-

【来源及含义】Greek: self, same, spontaneous; directed from within

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】ambulatory automatism, autacoid, autacoidal, autaesthesy, autagonistophilia, autantonym

词根词缀：avari-

【来源及含义】Latin: greed, greedy

【同源单词】avarice, avaricious, avariciously, avariciousness, avarist, Avarus non implebitur pecunia

词根词缀：avi-, av-

【来源及含义】Latin: bird, birds

【同源单词】Aves, avian, aviarist, aviary, aviate, aviation

词根词缀：avid-

【来源及含义】Latin: to long eagerly for; to wish, to desire; to have a keen interest in something; an intense eagerness to do something

【同源单词】avid, avidin, avidious, avidity, avidly, avidness

词根词缀：avuncul-

【来源及含义】Latin: maternal uncle, uncle; mother's brother

【同源单词】avuncular, avuncularity, avunculate, avunculism, avunculocal residence

词根词缀：axi-, axl-

【来源及含义】Latin: axle; chariot, wagon

【同源单词】axial, axial flow, axial-flow turbine, axis, axle, axle ratio

词根词缀：axillo-, axill-, axil-

【来源及含义】Latin: armpit; angle; borrowed directly from Latin ala which meant both "wing" and "the hollow under a wing or an arm"

【同源单词】armpit, axil, axilla, axillant, axillar, axillary

词根词缀：axio-, axi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: worth, value

【同源单词】axiom, axiomatic, axiomatical

词根词缀：axo-, ax-, axi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: axis

【同源单词】axodendritic, axon, axonography, dendraxon, periaxonal

词根词缀：azo-, az-

【来源及含义】Greek: without life; nitrogen

【同源单词】azoamyly, azobenzine, azocarmine, azoic, azole, azolitmin

词根词缀：azoto-, azot-

【来源及含义】Greek: indicates the presence of nitrogen in chemistry

【同源单词】azote, azotemia, azotemic, azothermia, azotic, azotine

词根词缀：bacci-, bacc-, baccato-

【来源及含义】Latin: berry

【同源单词】asarabacca, bacca, baccalaur, baccate, baccated, bacciferous

词根词缀：bacillo-, bacill-, bacilli-

【来源及含义】Latin: rod, staff, stick; a rod-shaped bacterium

【同源单词】actinobacillosis, actinobacillus, bacillar, bacillary, bacillemia, bacillicide

词根词缀：balano-, balan-

【来源及含义】Greek: acorn

【相关描述】By extension, it is used in medicine and refers to the "glans penis" or to the "glans clitoridis".

【同源单词】balaniferous, balanite, balanitis, balanoid, balanoplasty

词根词缀：balne-, balneo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bath, bathing; wash, washing

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wash" words: clys-; lav-; luto-; plyno-.

【同源单词】bagnio, balaneutics, balaneutria, balneal, balnearii, balnearil

词根词缀：balustrad-, balust-, balaust-

【来源及含义】Greek balaustion > Latin balaustium: supporting post of a railing on a balcony, staircase, etc. Borrowed from Italian balaustro, from balaustra; so called because of the resemblance of a baluster to the double-curving calyx tube of the "wild pomegranate flower".

【同源单词】baluster, baluster measure, baluster stem, balustered, baluster-shaft, balustrade

词根词缀：bapti-

【来源及含义】Greek: to immerse, immersion, dipping in water

【同源单词】abaptism, Anabaptism, Anabaptist, anabaptize, antipedobaptism, antipedobaptist

词根词缀：barba-, barb-, barbat-

【来源及含义】Latin: beard, beardlike

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with barbar-, meaning "foreign".

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】barb, Barbarossa, barbate, barbated, barbel, barbellate

词根词缀：barbar-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: foreign, strange, outlandish

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with barba- which means "beard".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "foreign, strange" word families: allotrio-; xeno-.

【同源单词】Barbara, barbaralalia, barbarian, barbarianess, barbarianism, barbarianize

词根词缀：baro-, bar-, bary-

【来源及含义】Greek: weight, heavy; atmospheric pressure; a combining form meaning "pressure", as in barotaxis, or sometimes "weight", as in baromacrometer

【相关描述】In an extended sense, these elements may mean "difficult" or "slow".

【同源单词】abarognosis, baragnosis, baranesthesia, baresthesiometric, barhypesthesia, bariatrician

词根词缀：bas-, baso-, basi-, ba-, bat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: stepping, to step, to go, to walk; a place where someone steps; a pedestal; a foot for stepping; foundation, ground, base

【同源单词】abasia, acrobat, base, base, based, bases

词根词缀：bat-

【来源及含义】Latin: beat, strike, hit; attack

【同源单词】abate, abatement, bat, batter, batter, battered

词根词缀：bathmo-, bathm-

【来源及含义】Greek: a step or degree; rank; by steps

【同源单词】bathmophobia, bathmotropic, bathmotropism

词根词缀：batho-, bathy-

【来源及含义】Greek: deep, depth

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】bathesthesia, bathochromy, batholite, batholith, bathometer, bathomorphic

词根词缀：batracho-, batrach-

【来源及含义】Greek: frog

【同源单词】Batrachia, batrachian, batrachiate, batrachite, batrachivorous, batrachoherpetomachia

词根词缀：beat-

【来源及含义】Latin: happy; blessed

【同源单词】Beata morte nihil beatius, Beati mundi corde, beatific, beatifically, beatification, beatify

词根词缀：bell-, bel-

【来源及含义】Latin: pretty, beautiful

【同源单词】beauteous, beautician, beautification, beautified, beautifier, beautiful

词根词缀：belli-, bell-

【来源及含义】Latin: war; fight, fighting

【相关描述】Too many wars have been fought and too much blood has been shed and terrible wide-spread suffering has resulted; however; sometimes, it is the only means of stopping aggressive attacks by inhumane leaders!

【相关词根词缀】 Related "war, war-like" or "battle" word units: areo-; -machy; milit-.

【同源单词】antebellum, bellatrix, belle epoque, bellicism, bellicose, bellicosely

词根词缀：belono-, belon-

【来源及含义】Greek: needle

【同源单词】belonephobia, belonoid, belonoskiascopy

词根词缀：bene-, ben-, beni-

【来源及含义】Latin: good, well

【同源单词】Ab officio et beneficio, Ad captandam benevolentiam, Ad vindictam tardus, Bene tenax, Bene vale, benedicence

词根词缀：bentho-, benth-

【来源及含义】Greek: deep, depth; the fauna and flora of the bottom of the sea; sea bottom; depth [by extension, this element includes lake, river, and stream bottoms]

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】abyssal-benthic, abyssobenthic, archibenthal zone, archibenthic, archibenthos, benthal

词根词缀：bi-, bin-, bino-, bis-

【来源及含义】Latin: two, twice, double, twofold; a number; it normally functions as a prefix

【相关描述】This bi- is used before s, c, or a vowel. Don't confuse this bi- with another one which means "life".

All words except biennial referring to periods of time and prefixed by bi- are potentially ambiguous. Since bi- can be taken to mean either "twice each" or "every two", a word like "biweekly" can be understood as "twice each week" or "every two weeks".

【同源单词】biacid, biangular, biannual, biannual, biarchy, biarticulate

词根词缀：bib-, bibi-

【来源及含义】Latin: drink, to drink

【相关词根词缀】 Related "drink" units: dipso-; haust-; nectar-; poto-.

【同源单词】aquabib, beverage, bib, bibacious, bibacity, bibation

词根词缀：biblio-, bibli-, bibl-, biblico-

【来源及含义】Greek: book, books

【相关词根词缀】 Related book unit: libr-.

【同源单词】Bible, bible, biblia abiblia, Biblia Pauperum, biblic, Biblical

词根词缀：bili-, bil-

【来源及含义】Latin: bile; which is a digestive juice secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and aids in the digestion of fats

【同源单词】atrabiliary, atrabilious, biliary, biliary flux, biliation, biliferous

词根词缀：blenno-, blenn-

【来源及含义】Greek: mucus; a slippery protective secretion that is produced in the linings of some organs of the body by the mucous membranes and glands

【同源单词】blennadenitis, blennemesis, blennogenic, blennogerous, blennoid, blennorrhagia

词根词缀：blepharo-, blephar-

【来源及含义】Greek: eyelid; of or pertaining to the eyelid[s] or eyelash[es]

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】ablepharia, ablepharon, ablepharous, ablephary, anchyloblepharon, ankyloblepharon

词根词缀：bomb-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin [a hollow, deep sound, a humming, a buzzing] > Italian [explosive shell]: booming, humming sound

【同源单词】bomb, bombard, bombarded, bombardier, bombarding, bombardment

词根词缀：bomba-, bomb-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bambacium, "cotton fabric"; from bombax, "cotton"; from Latin, bombyx, "silk, silkworm"; from Greek, bombux, "silkworm"

【同源单词】bombast, bombaster, bombastic, bombastical, bombastically, bombasting

词根词缀：bon-

【来源及含义】Latin: good

【同源单词】bon vivant, bon voyage, bona fide, bonanza, bonbon, bonhomie

词根词缀：borborygmo-, borborygm-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: intestinal rumblings, tummy rumbling; gurgling and splashing

【同源单词】borborology, borborygamiphobia, borborygmic, borborygmite, borborygmus

词根词缀：bosci-, bosc-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to feed, to graze

【相关描述】Apparently bosci is always used in combination with pro-, "before", as in proboscis.

【同源单词】Proboscidea, proboscides, proboscidian, proboscis

词根词缀：botano-, botan-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: plants, plant life [originally, "herb, grass, pasture"] to botany

【同源单词】astrobotanist, astrobotany, botanic, botanical, botanical plants, botanically

词根词缀：bothr-

【来源及含义】Greek: pit, pitted; ditch; grooved

【同源单词】bothrenchyma, bothrium

词根词缀：botryo-, botry-

【来源及含义】Greek: cluster, cluster of grapes, clusterlike, grapes

【同源单词】botryogen, botryoid, botryomycosis, botryomycotic, botryose, botryotherapy

词根词缀：botul-, botuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: [botulus] sausage

【同源单词】botuliform, botulin, botulinal, botulinogenic, botulismotoxin, botulsm

词根词缀：bou-, bu-

【来源及含义】Greek: cow, ox

【相关词根词缀】Related "bovine; cow, ox, bull" word units: bovo-; ox-; tauro-; vaccino-.

【同源单词】boulimia, bucolic, bucranium, bugle, bugle, bugler

词根词缀：boustro-

【来源及含义】Greek: turning like oxen in plowing; alternate lines in opposite directions; zig-zag procedure

【同源单词】boustrophedon, boustrophedon text, boustrophedon transform, boustrophedonic, boustrophedonic imaging, boustrophedonically

词根词缀：bovo-, bov-, bos-

【来源及含义】Latin: cow, ox

【相关词根词缀】Related "bovine; cow, ox, bull" word units: bou-; ox-; tauro-; vaccino-.

【同源单词】beef, bibovine, Bos, Bosphorus, bovate, bovicide

词根词缀：brachi-, brachio-

【来源及含义】Greek: arm [especially the upper arm from the shoulder to the elbow]

【同源单词】abrachia, abrachia, abrachiocephalia, abrachiocephalus, acephalobrachia, antebrachial

词根词缀：bracte-, bract-

【来源及含义】Latin: thin plate

【同源单词】bract, bracteomania, ebracteate, ebracteolate, tribracteate

词根词缀：brady-

【来源及含义】Greek: slow, slowness; delayed, tardy; a prefix used in the sense of being "abnormally slow"

【同源单词】bradyacusia, bradyarrhythmia, bradyarthria, bradyauxesis, bradycardia, bradycardiac

词根词缀：branchio-, branchi-

【来源及含义】Greek: gills

【同源单词】abranchial, abranchiate, Branchiosaurus, calyptobranchiate, cryptobranchiate, inferobranchiate

词根词缀：brepho-, breph-

【来源及含义】Greek: fetus; infant; a combining form denoting relationship to the embryo, fetus, or newborn infant

【相关描述】Used in the sense of "pertaining to" or "of an embryo, infant", or "early stage of development".

【同源单词】brephic, brephoplastic, brephoplastic graft, brephoplasty, brephos, brephotrophic

词根词缀：brevi-, brev-

【来源及含义】Latin: short; shorten, make shorter, shortened

【同源单词】abbreviate, abbreviated, abbreviation, abbreviator, abridge, abridged

词根词缀：broma-, bromat-, brom-, bro-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: food

【相关描述】Don't confuse this broma element with the bromo- unit which means "stench" or "stink".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": alimento-; carno-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】abros, abrosia, abrotos, broma, bromatherapy, bromatologist

词根词缀：bromo-, brom-

【来源及含义】Greek: stench, stink, bad odor; unpleasant bodily odor; bromine

【相关描述】Be careful not to confuse this "stink", "bad odor" group with another unit of broma words meaning "food".

There is also a Chemical Element: bromine which requires special attention.

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; odor-, odori-; olfacto-; osmo-; osphresio-; ozon-.

【同源单词】bromhidrosis, bromidrosiphobia, bromidrosiphobia, bromohyperhidrosis, bromomenorrhea, bromopnea

词根词缀：broncho-, bronch-, bronchi-, bronchio-

【来源及含义】Greek: windpipe or one of the two large branches of the trachea, the tube in air-breathing vertebrates that conducts air from the throat to the bronchi, strengthened by incomplete rings of cartilage

【同源单词】aegobronchophony, alveobronchiolitis, bronchia, bronchial, bronchialgenic, bronchiloguy

词根词缀：bronto-, bront-

【来源及含义】Greek: thunder

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": astrapo-; cerauno-, kerauno-; fulgur-; tonitro-, tonitru-.

【同源单词】brontema, Brontes, bronteum, brontide, brontides, brontogram

词根词缀：brut-

【来源及含义】Latin: dull, heavy, stupid

【同源单词】brutal, brutality, brutalization, brutalize, brutally, brute

词根词缀：bruxo-, brux-

【来源及含义】Greek: grinding or gnashing the teeth; rubbing the teeth together

【相关词根词缀】 Related "tooth, teeth" word units: dento-; odonto-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "rub, rubbing; wear away; wipe": frica-, frict-; terg-; tribo-; -tripsy; trit-.

【同源单词】bruxating, bruxer, bruxing appliance or, bruxism, bruxomania, bruxomaniac

词根词缀：brycho-, brych-, bryco-, bryc-, bryko-, bryk-

【来源及含义】Greek: to eat nosily or greedily; to eat with much noise, to tear or rip into pieces

【相关词根词缀】 Related "eat, eating" word units: esculent-; esophago-; glutto-; phago-; vor-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": alimento-; broma-; carno-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】brychocarnivorous, brychomania, brychomnivorous, brychophobia, Ixobrychus exilis, Onobrychis

词根词缀：bryo-, bry-

【来源及含义】Greek: moss; blossom; also to swell, teem; young one; to be full, swell, bloom, cause to burst forth

【同源单词】bryochore, bryocoline, bryocolous, bryological, bryology, bryonies

词根词缀：bryto-, bryt-

【来源及含义】Greek: beer

词根词缀：bubo-, bub-

【来源及含义】Latin: owl, horned owl

【同源单词】Bubo, Bubo bengalensis, Bubo bubo, Bubo magellanicus, Bubo virginianus

词根词缀：bubo-, bubon-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: groin, swollen gland

【同源单词】antibubonic, axillary bubo, bubo, bubonadenitis, bubonic, bubonic plague

词根词缀：bucco-, bucc-

【来源及含义】Latin: cheek

【同源单词】bathybuccal, bucca, buccal, buccocervical, buccoclination, buccoclusion

词根词缀：buco-, buc-

【来源及含义】Greek: rural, rustic, pastoral

【同源单词】bucolic, bucolical, bucolically

词根词缀：bufo-

【来源及含义】Latin: toad

【同源单词】Bufo, Bufo marinus, Bufonidae, bufotenin, bufotenine, bufotherapy

词根词缀：bul-, boul-

【来源及含义】Greek: will

【同源单词】boule, dysboulia, paraboulia

词根词缀：bulbo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: onion, bulbous root, bulb; ball-shaped part of the stem of certain plants; such as, onions, tulips etc, from which their roots grow

【同源单词】bulbaceous, bulboid, bulbous, bulbus, olfactory bulb

词根词缀：bull-, bulli-

【来源及含义】Latin: to bubble, a bubble; to blister, a blister

【相关描述】Additional words related to this unit are available at this "bubble" unit.

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】budge, bulla, bulla tympani, bullation, bullectomy, bullition

词根词缀：bursa-, burso-, burs-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bag, sac, saclike; purse

【同源单词】achillobursitis, bourse, bursa, bursae, bursal, bursalogy

词根词缀：-bust, -ust, -bur; bust-, bur-, ur-

【来源及含义】Latin: burere, "to burn up"; from urere, with an inserted or faulty separation of b in amburere, "to burn around"; which stands for amb-urere, "to burn around", but it was misdivided into am-burere and because of this misdivision, the new verb burere was formed with the past participle bustum; so, it really came from urere, "to burn, to singe"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】adust, adustion, adustness, biomass combustion, combure, comburence

词根词缀：butyro-, butyr-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: butter; from bou[s] , "ox, cow" plus tyro[s], "cheese"

【同源单词】arachibutyrophobia, butter, butyraceous, butyrate, butyric, butyric acid

词根词缀：bysso-, byss-

【来源及含义】Greek: flax

【同源单词】acute byssinosis, byssaceous, byssiferous, byssin, byssine, byssinosis

词根词缀：caco-, cac-, kako-, kak-

【来源及含义】Greek: bad, harsh, wrong, evil; incorrect; unpleasant; poor; used most of the time as a prefix

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": dys-; mal-; mis-; pessim-; sceler-.

【同源单词】alexicacon, cacaerometer, cacaesthesia, cacergasia, cachectic, cachexia

词根词缀：cad-, cas-, cid-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fall, befall

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】accidence, accident, accidental, accidentally, accidently, cadaver

词根词缀：calami-, calamit-

【来源及含义】Latin: damage, injury, loss, misfortune, disaster, disastrous, adversity

【同源单词】calamitologist, calamitous, calamitously, calamitousness, calamity, fiscalamity

词根词缀：calibra-, calibr-, caliber-

【来源及含义】French: degree of merit or importance; diameter of a bullet, cannon-ball, etc.; instrument for measuring the thickness, width, or distance through the center of a tube

【同源单词】caliber, calibrate, calibrated, calibrated airspeed, calibrated altitude, calibrating tank

词根词缀：calig-

【来源及含义】Latin: darkness, dark

【同源单词】caligation, caliginosity, caliginous, caliginously, caliginousness, calligrapher

词根词缀：calli-, cali-, callo-, calo-, kalli-, kali-, kalo-, kaleido-

【来源及含义】Greek: kalos, beautiful

【同源单词】calisthenic, calisthenical, calisthenics, callidentia, calligraph, calligrapher

词根词缀：callus-, callous-

【来源及含义】Latin: hardened skin, thick skin; a knob

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】callositas, callosity, callous, calloused, callousness, callus

词根词缀：calori-, calor-, calo-, cal-, cale-

【来源及含义】Latin: heat, warm; related to caust

【同源单词】caldron, calefacient, calefaction, calefactory, calescent, caliduction

词根词缀：calyc-, calyci-, calyx-

【来源及含义】Greek: shell; husk; cup [of a flower], used primarily in the specialized senses of "pertaining to or of a cup-shaped bodily organ or cavity"; also a reference to the "cup-shaped ring of sepals encasing a flower bud"

【同源单词】calicectomy, calycanthemous, calyces, calyciflorous, calyciform, calycine

词根词缀：calypto-, calypt-

【来源及含义】Greek: covered, cover; hide, hidden; conceal, concealed

【同源单词】apocalypse, apocalypst, apocalyptic, apocalyptic literature, apocalyptic number, apocalyptical

词根词缀：camer-

【来源及含义】Latin: chamber; from Greek kamara, anything with a vaulted or arched cover; a vault, arched ceiling, or roof

【同源单词】antechamber, astronomical camera, bicameral, camera, camera anterior bulbi, camera lucida

词根词缀：campto-

【来源及含义】Greek: kamptos, bent

【同源单词】camptocormia, camptodactylic, camptodactylism, camptodactyly, camptomelia, Camptosaurus

词根词缀：campylo-

【来源及含义】Greek: crooked, bent

【同源单词】campylobacter, campylognathia, campylotropous

词根词缀：can-, cann-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: reed, pipe; the word for "reed" in Hebrew, Arabic, and Egyptian was kaneh; then the word element passed into Greek and Latin, and into the languages of western Europe

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "tube, pipe": aulo-; duc-, -duct (to lead, leading); fistul-; siphon-; syringo-; tub-.

【同源单词】canal, cane, canister, cannon, cannonarchy, cannonate

词根词缀：cancero-, cancer-, canceri-, cancri-, cancro-

【来源及含义】Latin: crab; malignant tumor

【同源单词】cancer, canceremia, cancericidal, cancerigenic, cancerism, cancerite

词根词缀：cand-, can-, cend-

【来源及含义】Latin: to glow, to glow with heat; to burn; to glitter, to shine; white

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】candelabrum, candent, candescent, candid, candidacy, candidate

词根词缀：candle-

【来源及含义】Latin: taper

【同源单词】candela, candle, candle light, candlepower, candler, footcandle

词根词缀：cani-, can-

【来源及含义】Latin: dog

【相关词根词缀】 Related "dog" word family: cyno-, kyno-.

【同源单词】canary, canicide, canicola, Canicula, canicular, canicule

词根词缀：cannabi-, cannab-

【来源及含义】Greek: hemp; of or pertaining to hemp's chemical components or derivatives.

【同源单词】cannabine, cannabinoid, cannabinol, cannabis, hemp

词根词缀：cant-, chant-

【来源及含义】Latin: sing, singing; a song

【同源单词】accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, accentus, canor

词根词缀：cantho-, canth-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: corner of the eye

【同源单词】canthectomy, canthitis, canthitises, canthoplasty, canthorrhaphy, canthotomy

词根词缀：capillaro-, capillar-, capillario-, capilli-, capill-

【来源及含义】Latin: of, pertaining to, or resembling hair; minute [hairlike] blood vessels that connect the arterioles and the venules

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】capillarectasia, capillariomotor, capillaritis, capillarity, capillaroscopy, capillary

词根词缀：capit-, capt-, cap-, cep-, ceps-, chapt-, chef, cip-

【来源及含义】Latin: head; leader, chief, or first

【相关描述】It may be surprising to see that a "captain" and a "chef" both belong to the same word family; however, a captain is, of course, the "head of a company of military soldiers", and a "chef is the captain of a group of cooks".

A chef, especially to those who love good food, is not a lowly official; and when it is remembered that the old saying that "an army travels on its stomach", a chef is every bit as important as a captain.

When the French borrowed words from Latin, they frequently used soft sounds. These French words, with their softer sounds, then made their way into the English language. At the same time, English borrowed words directly from Latin. So it is that in English we often have two words which share the same root, but which have different, though related, forms and meanings.

Don't confuse the words in this capit-, capt- unit with those in the cap-, cip-, "catch, seize" unit.

【同源单词】a capite ad calcem, achieve, achievement, achiever, acid rain, alopecia capitis totalis

词根词缀：capno-, capn-, capnod-

【来源及含义】Greek: smoke; vapor; sooty [extended meaning is carbon dioxide]

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "smoke, smoking": atmido-; Capnomania & Fumimania, Pt. 1; Capnophobia & Fumiphobia, Pt. 1; fumi-; nebula-; typho-.

【同源单词】acapnia, acapnic, acapnotic, capneic, capnocytophaga, capnodous

词根词缀：capri-, capr-

【来源及含义】Latin: goat, resembling a goat

【相关词根词缀】 Related goat-word units: aego-; hirco-; tragico-.

【同源单词】cabriolet, Capella, caper, capric, caprice, capricious

词根词缀：capsulo-, capsul-, caps-

【来源及含义】Latin: a small box or chest; repository, case; enveloping or surrounding a structure

【同源单词】articular capsule, auditory capsule, bacterial capsule, capsid, capsitis, capsula

词根词缀：carbo-, carb-

【来源及含义】Latin: coal, charcoal

【同源单词】bicarbonate, carbide, carbohydrate, carbolic, carbon, carbonaceous

词根词缀：carcer-, carcera-

【来源及含义】Latin: prison, jail; an enclosed place

【同源单词】cancel, carcer, carceral, carceral state, disincarcerate, impact incarceration

词根词缀：carcino-, carcin-

【来源及含义】Greek: cancer ["crab"]

【同源单词】carcinectomy, carcinemia, carcinogen, carcinogenesis, carcinogenic, carcinoid

词根词缀：cardin-

【来源及含义】Latin: hinge, hinge of a door, pivot, that on which something turns; thus, principal, chief

【同源单词】cardinal, cardinal, cardinal number, cardinal point, cardinal virtue, cardinalate

词根词缀：cardio-, cardi-, card-

【来源及含义】Greek: heart, pertaining to the heart

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of another word group that is related to: "heart": cor-, cord-.

【同源单词】acardia, acardiac, acardiotrophia, acardius, acleistocardia, acute myocardial infarction

词根词缀：caries, cario-

【来源及含义】Latin: decay, rottenness

【同源单词】caries, cariogenesis, cariogenic, cariogenicity, cariology, cariostatic

词根词缀：carin-

【来源及含义】Latin: keel

【同源单词】carina, carinate, carinated, multicarinate

词根词缀：carno-, carn-, carne-, carni-

【来源及含义】Latin: flesh, meat

【相关词根词缀】 Related "meat, flesh" word units: creo-, kreo-; sarco-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": alimento-; broma-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】brychocarnivorous, carnage, carnal, carnality, carnalize, carnally

词根词缀：carotid-, caroti-, carotio-

【来源及含义】Greek: karos, deep sleep, drowsiness; the great arteries of the neck

【同源单词】assessment of carotid pulse, caroticoclinoid, caroticotympanic, caroticotympanic canals, carotid, carotid aneurysm

词根词缀：carpho-

【来源及含义】Greek: karphos, straw, dry stock, bit, or scrap; from karphein, to wither, to wrinkle, to dry

【同源单词】carpholite, carphology, Carphophis, carphosiderite

词根词缀：carpo-, carp- (cerp-)

【来源及含义】Latin: to pluck, to pick out, to gather, to select

【相关描述】The change of Latin "a" to "e" is due to the Latin phonetic law according to which in the unaccented and closed radical syllable of the second element of compounds, original "a" becomes "e".

【同源单词】Ancestors or Latin origins of words in English, cacoethes carpendi, caco, Carpe diem, Carpe noctem, Carpent tua poma nepotes

词根词缀：carpo-, carp-, -carp, -carpic, -carpium, -carpous, -carpus (fruit)

【来源及含义】Greek: fruit [or similar reproductive result]; to cut, to pluck

【同源单词】acarpous, allocarpy, amphicarpic, apocarpous, carpel, carpogenic

词根词缀：carpo-, carp-, -carpals, -carpus (wrist)

【来源及含义】Greek: wrist [literally, "that which turns"]

【同源单词】carpal, carpale, carpectomy, carpitis, carpocarpal, carpopedal

词根词缀：carr-, carri-; car-, cari-

【来源及含义】Latin: wagon, cart; wheeled vehicle

【同源单词】car, career, cargo, caricature, caricaturist, cark

词根词缀：cart-, carto-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: map; card [playing]; a piece of papyrus, paper

【同源单词】cartel, cartogram, cartogramic, cartograph, cartographer, cartographic

词根词缀：case-

【来源及含义】Latin: cheese

【同源单词】caseasation, casease, caseate, caseic, casein, caseinate

词根词缀：cast-

【来源及含义】Latin: pure, cut off, to cut off from, separated

【相关描述】A reference to "a race of men" is from Latin casto, "chaste" from castus, "pure, cut off, separated"; past participle of carere, "to be cut off from" (and related to castrate and -cest-).

【相关词根词缀】 Related cutting-word units: castrat-; -cise, -cide; -ectomy; mutil-; put-; sec-, seg-; temno-; -tomy; trunc-.

【同源单词】caste, castigate, castigation, castigatory, chaste, chastely

词根词缀：castrat-, castra-, castro-

【来源及含义】Latin: to cut, geld, spay; to remove the testicles or ovaries of an animal, including humans

【相关词根词缀】 Related cutting-word units: cast-; -cise, -cide; -ectomy; mutil-; put-; sec-, seg-; temno-; -tomy; trunc-.

【同源单词】castracism, castracize, castrate, castrated, castration, castration anxiety

词根词缀：cata-, cat-, cath-, kata-

【来源及含义】Greek: down, downward; under, lower; against; entirely, in accordance with, completely; definitely

【同源单词】acatalepsia, acatalepsy, acataleptic, acatamathesia, acataphasia, acataposia

词根词缀：cathar-, cathart-, cathars-

【来源及含义】Greek: to purge, to purify, or to cleanse; purification; cleansing

【同源单词】acatharsia, Catharist, catharsis, cathartic, cathartical, Catherine

词根词缀：catheter-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to let down, to insert, to thrust in [kata, "down" plus hienai, "to send"]

【同源单词】arterial catheter, balloon catheter, bladder catheter, cardiac catheter, catheter, catheterization

词根词缀：catoptro-, catoptr-

【来源及含义】Greek: mirror; from kat-[a], "against, back" plus op-[tos], "seen" plus the noun-forming suffix -tron

【相关词根词缀】 Related "mirror" word families: eisoptro-; enoptro; mirac-, mir-.

【同源单词】catoptric system, catoptric, catoptrical, catoptrically, catoptrics, catoptromancy

词根词缀：caudo-, caud-

【来源及含义】Latin: tail, toward the tail; downward

【相关词根词缀】 Related "tail" word units: cerc-; uro-.

【同源单词】acaudal, acaudate, brevicaudate, cauda, caudal, caudalis

词根词缀：caulo-, cauli-, caul-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: stem, stalk

【同源单词】acaulescent, acauline, acaulus, caulescent, caulicarpous, caulicle

词根词缀：caus-

【来源及含义】Latin: cause, reason, purpose; judicial process, lawsuit

【同源单词】accusable, accusably, Accusare nemo se debet, accusation, accusative, accusatively

词根词缀：caust-, caus-, caut-, cauter-, cau-

【来源及含义】Greek: fire, burn, burnt, burner; from kaustikos, "capable of burning" or "burning" and kaukstos, "combustible" and from kaiein, "to burn"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】acaustobiolith, actual cautery, atmocausis, atmocautery, bipolar electrocautery, catacaustic

词根词缀：caut-

【来源及含义】Latin: wary, careful, heedful; be on one's guard, to take heed; from cavere, to look out, to beware

【同源单词】cautel, cautela, cautelous, cautelously, cautio, cautio usufructuaria

词根词缀：cav-, cavo-, cava-, cavi-, cavern-

【来源及含义】Latin: hollow, a hollow place; chasm; prison

【相关词根词缀】 Related "cave, cavern" word sources: speleo-; spelunc-, spelunk-; stalac-, stalag-; troglo--.

【同源单词】angiocavernoma, biconcave, bulbospongiosus, cage, cajole, cajolement

词根词缀：caval-

【来源及含义】Latin: horse

【相关描述】From Latin caballus, "a horseman"; by extension, "a gentleman serving as a lady's escort". Also said to mean: "an inferior horse, a nag". Italian caballeria from caballo, "horse"; French cavalerie.

【相关词根词缀】 Related horse-word units: equ-, equi-; hippo-.

【同源单词】cavalcade, cavalier, cavalier, cavallard, cavalry, cavalry

词根词缀：ceal-

【来源及含义】Latin: to hide; hidden; secret

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": clandesti-; crypto-; myster-; occult-; orgy; stego-, stegano-.

【同源单词】conceal, conceal evidence, concealability, concealable, concealed, concealed weapon

词根词缀：ceco-, cec-, caeco-, caec-

【来源及含义】Latin: blind, blind gut [first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch into which open the ileum, the colon, and the appendix vermiformis]; any blind pouch

【同源单词】caecal, caecotomy, cecalcecitis, cecocentral, cecocolic, cecocolon

词根词缀：celebr-

【来源及含义】Latin: frequented, populous; to frequent in great numbers, to assemble, to honor; thronged

【同源单词】cause c, celebrant, celebrate, celebrated, celebration, celebrator

词根词缀：celer-

【来源及含义】Latin: fast, speed, swift, rapid

【相关描述】Compare this element with brady- for words with opposite meanings.

【同源单词】accelerant, accelerate, accelerate, accelerated, accelerated idioventricular rhythm, acceleration

词根词缀：celest-

【来源及含义】Latin: heaven, sky

【同源单词】ceil, ceiling, celesta, celestia, celestial, celestial sphere

词根词缀：celiba-, celibat-

【来源及含义】Latin: unmarried; vow not to marry; chaste, morally pure in thought and conduct; that which is considered to be decent and virtuous behavior

【同源单词】celibacy, celibatarian, celibate, celibate, celibate marriage, celibately

词根词缀：cell-, cel-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rise high, to surpass, to be eminent

【同源单词】excel, excelled, excellence, excellency, excellent, Excellentia

词根词缀：cellulo-, celluli-, cellul-

【来源及含义】Latin: a small cell, consisting of cells; a small storeroom

【相关描述】"Pertaining to cells"; that is, "microscopic-protoplasmic masses, each made up of a nucleus enclosed in a semipermeable membrane or to cell tissue".

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to "cell, cells, cell nucleus": celli-; cyto-; endothelio-; gameto-; glio-; kary-, karyo-; neuro-.

【同源单词】acellular, adenocellulitis, adipocellular, adipocellulose, cellular, cellulitis

词根词缀：celo-

【来源及含义】Greek: hollow; abdomen; hernia; used primarily in the sense of concave; pertaining to a bodily cavity

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】celoscope, celoscopy, celosomia, celotomy, celozoic

词根词缀：celo-, cel-, kelo-, kel-

【来源及含义】Greek: tumor, hernia

【同源单词】celosomia

词根词缀：cement-

【来源及含义】Latin: caementa, "stone chips" from caedere, "to cut down, chop, beat, hew, fell, slay"

【同源单词】cement, cementation, cementatory, cementite, cementum

词根词缀：cen-, ceno-, caen-, caeno-, cain-, caino-, kain-, kaino-

【来源及含义】Greek: new, recent, fresh

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "new, recent": ne-, neo-; nov-, novo-.

【同源单词】Caenogaea, caenogenesis, caenogenetic, caenozoic, cainophobia, cainozoic

词根词缀：ceno-, cene-, cen-, ceoen-, ceoene-, coeno-, coen-, coino-, coin-, kaino-, kain-, koino-, koin-

【来源及含义】Greek: common, shared

【同源单词】acenesthesia, cenadelphus, cenesthesia, cenesthesic, cenesthetic, cenesthopathy

词根词缀：censur-, censor-

【来源及含义】Latin: to count, to reckon, to assess, to estimate, to value, to deem, to judge; judgment, criticism; Latin censura and French censure

【同源单词】censive, censor, censorate, censorial, censorian, censoring

词根词缀：centi-, cent-

【来源及含义】Latin: hundred; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】This prefix is used in the metric [decimal] system as, one-hundredth [U.S.] and hundredth [U.K.], and denotes 1/100th of a unit or 10^-2 [0.01]. The metric symbol for centi- is c.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】bicentenary, bicentennial, bicentric, bicentricity, cent, cental

词根词缀：centro-, centr-, centri-, kentro-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: center; middle point, mid point; focus, focal point, focalize; zero in on

【相关描述】This element originally meant "sharp point, goad" or "spur".

【同源单词】acentric, acentric, acrocentric, allocentric, ambulatory surgery center, amphicentric

词根词缀：cerato-, cerat-, kerato-, kerat-, ker-, kera-, kerat-

【来源及含义】Greek: horn, horny tissue; cornea

【同源单词】angiokeratoma, ceratodont, ceratoid, cerotid, keratalgia, keratic

词根词缀：cerauno-, kerauno-

【来源及含义】Greek: thunderbolt, thunder, lightning [literally, "smasher, crusher"]

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": astrapo-; bronto-; fulgur-; tonitro-, tonitru-.

【同源单词】ceraunia, ceraunics, ceraunogram, ceraunograph, ceraunomancy, ceraunomania

词根词缀：cerc-

【来源及含义】Greek: tail

【相关词根词缀】 Related "tail" word units: caudo-; uro-.

【同源单词】cercopithecini, Cercopithecus, homocercal, leptocercal, Onchocerca, onchocerciasis

词根词缀：cerebello-, cerebelli-, cerebell-

【来源及含义】Latin: brain

【同源单词】cerebel, cerebella, cerebellar, cerebellifugal, cerebellitis, cerebellum

词根词缀：cerebro-, cerebr-, cereb-, cerebri-

【来源及含义】Latin: brain; that part of the brain that is concerned with the coordination of body movements

【同源单词】acerebral, cerebral, cerebralgia, cerebrasthenia, cerebrate verb, cerebriform

词根词缀：cern-, cert-, cer-; cret-, creet-, cre-

【来源及含义】Latin: to separate, to sift, to distinguish, to understand, to decide, to determine; separated, separation, to set apart; the glandular extraction or the movement out of a natural substance

【相关描述】Used to express the ability a person has to distinguish, or to perceive, something with the eyes and the mind. Related to crit-; as in criticize, diacritical, critique, etc.

【同源单词】ascertain, ascertainable, ascertainment, certain, certainly, certainty

词根词缀：cero-, cer-, kero-, keri-

【来源及含义】Greek: wax, waxy

【同源单词】acerotous, ceraceous, cerago, ceral, ceraphagous, cerate

词根词缀：cerule-

【来源及含义】Latin: sky-blue color; dark blue, azure

【同源单词】atroceruleous, cerule, cerulean, cerulean blue, cerulean cataract, cerulescent

词根词缀：cerum-, cerumini-

【来源及含义】Greek: [from keros, beeswax, wax] formed of wax

【同源单词】cerumen, ceruminal, ceruminolysis, ceruminolytic, ceruminoma, ceruminosis

词根词缀：cervi-, cerv-

【来源及含义】Latin: deer

【同源单词】cervanthropy, Cervicaprine, cervicide, cervicorn, cervisial

词根词缀：cervic-, cervico-, cervici-, cervi-

【来源及含义】Latin: neck; head-joint, throat

【相关描述】 Here is a special article about the Neck and Throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: coll-; esophag-; guttur-; laryng-; nuch-; trachel-.

【同源单词】cervical, cervical artery, cervical fissure, cervical vertebra, cervicalgia, cervicalis

词根词缀：cha-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make warm, heat

【同源单词】chafe, chafer, chafing dish, chauffer, chauffeur

词根词缀：chaeto-, chaet-, chaeti-, cheto-, chet-

【来源及含义】Greek: spine, bristle; long, flowing hair]

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】achaetous, chaeta, chaetic, chaetiferous, Chaetodon, chaetodont

词根词缀：chalco-, chalc-

【来源及含义】Greek: copper; brass

【同源单词】chalcidid, Chalcididae, chalcocite, chalcogen, chalcogenide, chalcographer

词根词缀：chalico-, chalic-

【来源及含义】Greek: gravel, pebbles, rubble

【同源单词】chalicodophilous, chalicophilous, chalicophyte, chalicosis, chalicothere

词根词缀：chamae-, chame-

【来源及含义】Greek: on the ground, low; by extension, "dwarf-like"

【同源单词】chamecephalic, chamecephaly, chamecranial, chameprosopic, chameprosopy

词根词缀：charis-

【来源及含义】Greek: grace, beauty, kindness; to rejoice at; extended to attractiveness, personal charm

【同源单词】charisma, charismatic, charismatize

词根词缀：charm-

【来源及含义】Greek: joy, delight, gladness

【同源单词】charm, charmer, charming, charmingly, charmless

词根词缀：cheilo-, cheil-, chilo-, chil-

【来源及含义】Greek: lip, lips; edge or brim

【同源单词】acheiles, acheilia, achilia, Achilles, achillobursitis, achillodynia

词根词缀：cheimo-, cheim-; chimo-, chim-; cheimato-, cheimat-; chimato-, chimat-

【来源及含义】Greek: kheima, winter, frost, winter weather, winter-flowing; by extension, cold, freezing

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】brachychimous, brachytheroxerochimous, brachyxerochimous, cheimaphobia, chianophile, chimnophilous

词根词缀：chela-, chelio-, cheli-

【来源及含义】Greek: claw, pincer, hoof, talon

【同源单词】chela, chelate, chelation, cheliferous, cheliform, cheliped

词根词缀：chelono-, chelon-, chelyo-, chely-

【来源及含义】Greek: tortoise

【同源单词】chelone, chelonian, chelonite, chelonography, chelonologist, chelonology

词根词缀：chiasto-, chiasm-

【来源及含义】Greek: crossed, laid crosswise

【相关描述】From ciazein to make in the shape of the Greek letter X, chi, the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.

【同源单词】chiasm, chiasma, chiasmal, chiasmapexy, chiasmatic cistern, chiasmatypy

词根词缀：chili-

【来源及含义】Greek: thousand, thousands; thousandth, thousandths,

【同源单词】chiliad, chiliagon, chiliahedron, chiliarch, chiliarchy, chiliasm

词根词缀：chim-, chimer-

【来源及含义】Greek: khimaira, fabled monster; unreal, fantastic, imaginary, fanciful, unrealistic; however, in medical and other scientific fields, characterized by two or more genetically distinct cell types in one organism

【同源单词】blood group chimerism, Chimera, chimera, chimeral, chimeraplast, chimeraplasty

词根词缀：chiono-, chion-

【来源及含义】Greek: snow, like snow

【同源单词】chionablepsia, chionomania, chionophilous, chionophobe, chionophobia, chionophobous

词根词缀：chiron-

【来源及含义】Greek: Cheiron > Latin, Chiron; a centaur famous for his knowledge of plants

【同源单词】Chiron

词根词缀：chiropter-, cheiropter-

【来源及含义】Greek: bat, bats; flying mammals with wings: cheir, "hand" + pteron, "wing"

【同源单词】cheiropter, Cheiroptera, cheiropteran, Cheiropterygium, chiropterophile, chiropterophilia

词根词缀：chito-, chit-, chiton-

【来源及含义】Greek: tunic, covering; a reference to the chemical constituent of crab and lobster shells

【同源单词】chitin, chitinase, chitinization, chitinous, chitoneure, chitonitis

词根词缀：chlamydo-, chlamyd-

【来源及含义】Greek: cloak, mantle; envelope

【同源单词】chlamydia, chlamydiosis, Chlamydosaurus, chlamydospore

词根词缀：chledo-, chled-

【来源及含义】Greek: debris, mud, dirt

【同源单词】chledophile, chledophily, chledophyte

词根词缀：chloro-, chlor-

【来源及含义】Greek: Chloris, goddess; the color green, yellow-green, or light green

【同源单词】bacteriochlorophyll, chimochlorous, chloralomania, chloralum, Chloranthaceae, chloranthaceous

词根词缀：choano-, choan-

【来源及含义】Greek: funnel; a combining form denoting a relationship to a funnel or to a funnel-like structure

【同源单词】choanate, choanocyte, choanoflagellate, choanoid

词根词缀：cholangio-, cholang-, cholange-, cholangi-

【来源及含义】Greek: bile, gall plus angio-, vessel

【同源单词】cholangiogram, cholangiography, cholangiohepatis, cholangiohepatoma, cholangiole, cholangiopancreatography

词根词缀：cholecysto-, cyholecyst-

【来源及含义】Latin: gall bladder, bile bladder, bilebladder

【同源单词】cholecyst, cholecystagogic, cholecystagogue, cholecystalgia, cholecystangiography, cholecystatony

词根词缀：choledocho-, choledoch-

【来源及含义】Greek: choledochos, from chole, "bile" + dechomai, "to receive"; the common bile duct or tube; conveying bile; containing bile, which is a yellow-green fluid that is made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and passes through the common bile duct into the first section of the small intestine or duodenum where it helps to digest fat

【同源单词】choledochal, choledochectasia, choledochectomy, choledochitis, choledochocholedochostomy, choledochoduodenostomy

词根词缀：cholera-, choler-, choleri-, cholero-

【来源及含义】Greek: disease in which the bodily humors [biles] are subject to violent discharge; characterized by severe vomiting and diarrhea

【同源单词】choler, cholera, choleragenic, choleraic, choleresis, choleretic

词根词缀：cholo-, chol-, chole-

【来源及含义】Greek: bile, gall

【同源单词】angiocholecystitis, angiocholitis, autocholecystoduodenostomy, autocholecystotransversecolostomy, cholagogic, cholaligneic

词根词缀：chordo-, chord-, cordo-, cord-

【来源及含义】Greek: khorde, "gut string" [of a lyre]; used in an extended sense to mean "sinew, flexible rod-shaped organ, string, cord"; Latin: chorda, "related notes in music, string of a musical instrument, cat-gut" via Old French, corde, "rope, string, twist, cord"

【同源单词】anemochord, cephalochordata, chordata, chordectomy, chorditis, chronic subglottic laryngitis

词根词缀：chorio-, chori-

【来源及含义】Greek: skin, membrane, leather; protective fetal membrane

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】chorioallantoic membrane, chorioallantois, chorion

词根词缀：choro-, chor-

【来源及含义】Greek: place, space, land; country, district

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】chorographer, chorographic, chorographical, chorographically, chorography, chorological

词根词缀：chremato-, chremat-

【来源及含义】Greek: acquisition of wealth by making money; transacting business to gain wealth; efforts made to possess goods and money; striving to be rich

【同源单词】chrematist, chrematistic, chrematistics, chrematistophilia, chrematistophily, chrematomania

词根词缀：chrono-, chron-

【来源及含义】Greek: time, times; sequence of times

【相关词根词缀】 Related "time" units: aevum, evum; archaeo-, archeo-; Calendars; horo-; pre-; Quotes: Time; tempo-.

【同源单词】achronism, algesichronometer, allochronic, allochronic speciation, anachronic, anachronism

词根词缀：chryso-, chrys-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color gold, golden, golden yellow

【同源单词】chrysaline, chrysalis, chrysanthemum, chryselephantine, chrysiasis, chrysoberyl

词根词缀：chthon-

【来源及含义】Greek: earth, of the earth, soil, dirt

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】allochthon, allochthonous coal, allochthonous stream, allochthonous, antichthon, antichthones

词根词缀：chyl-, chylo-, chyli-, chy-

【来源及含义】Greek (khylos) > Latin (chylus): juice, to pour; pertaining to chyle, the milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fat that is a product of the digestive process

【相关词根词缀】This chyl- unit is directly related to the chym- family group.

【同源单词】cacochylous, chylaceous, chylaqueous, chyle, chylifaction, chyliferous

词根词缀：chym-, chymo-, chymi-

【来源及含义】Greek: juice, liquid; the semifluid material resulting from the partial digestion of food

【相关词根词缀】This chym- unit is directly related to the chyl- family group.

【同源单词】achymous, chyme, chymiferous, chymification, chymify, chymistry

词根词缀：cicatri-, cicatr-

【来源及含义】Latin: scar

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】brain cicatrix, cicatrectomy, cicatrices, cicatricial, cicatricial alpecia, cicatricle

词根词缀：ciceron-

【来源及含义】Latin: tour guide for sightseers or tourists

【同源单词】ciceronage, cicerone, ciceroneship, Ciceronian, Ciceronianism, ciceronize

词根词缀：ciconi-, cicon-

【来源及含义】Latin: stork

【同源单词】Ciconia, Ciconidae, ciconiform, ciconiformes, ciconine, ciconmia

词根词缀：cilio-, cili-, cil-

【来源及含义】Latin: the eyelid or its outer edge; hairs growing on the edges of the eyelids, eyelashes

【同源单词】ciliariscope, ciliarotomy, ciliary, ciliastatic, Ciliata, ciliate

词根词缀：cimic-, cimici-

【来源及含义】Latin: bedbug

【同源单词】cimex, Cimex, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, cimicid, Cimicidae

词根词缀：ciner-, cine-

【来源及含义】Latin: ashes

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】cinefaction, cinenary, Cineraria, cinerarium, cinerator, cinereous

词根词缀：cingo-, cing-, -cinct-

【来源及含义】Latin: surrounding, to encircle, to go around; to bind, to gird

【同源单词】cinch, cincture, cingle, cingulectomy, cingulomania, enceinte

词根词缀：ciono-, cion-, kiono-, kio-

【来源及含义】Greek: uvula; the small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue

【相关描述】Go to the uvul- unit of word families for a more extensive list of uvula words.

【同源单词】cionectomy, cionitis, cionoptosis, cionorrhaphy

词根词缀：circ-

【来源及含义】Latin: circle [a ring; wheel], round

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ambi-; ampho-; circum-; cyclo-, -cycle; gyro-; peri-.

【同源单词】circa, circadian, circle, circled, circlet, circling

词根词缀：circum-

【来源及含义】Latin: around, about, surrounding, closed curve, circling, circular on all sides; literally, "in a circle"

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ambi-; ampho-; circ-; cyclo-, -cycle; gyro-; peri-.

【同源单词】Antarctic Circumpolar Current, circuit, circuitous, circuitously, circuitousness, circuitry

词根词缀：cirrho-

【来源及含义】Greek kirrhos: orange-yellow > New Latin cirrhosis: diseased condition of the liver

【同源单词】alcoholic cirrhosis, atrophic cirrhosis, cardiac cirrhosis, cirrhogenous, cirrhonosus, cirrhosis

词根词缀：cirro-, cirr-, cirri-

【来源及含义】Latin: curl, ringlet; tuft of hair, fringe; by extension, filament, tendril

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】cirrose, cirrous, cirrus, cirrus spissatus

词根词缀：cit-, citat-

【来源及含义】Latin: talk, speak, say; to put into quick motion, to excite, to provoke, to call urgently; to summon, to summon forth, to arouse, to stimulate; used in the sense of "stimulating"

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.

【同源单词】accite, citable, cital, citation, citatory, cite

词根词缀：civi-, civ-, cit-

【来源及含义】Latin: city: big town, metropolitan area; citizen: a legal resident or inhabitant

【同源单词】citadel, citizen, citizenry, city, civic, civically

词根词缀：clair-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: "clear" perceiving through extrasensory perception

【同源单词】clairaudience, clairsentience, clairvoyant

词根词缀：clam-, claim-

【来源及含义】Latin: talk, call out, speak, say, shout; make noise, be loud

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.

【同源单词】acclaim, acclaim, acclaimed, acclaimer, acclamation, acclamator

词根词缀：clandesti-, clandest-

【来源及含义】Latin: secret, secrecy; hidden, concealed, private

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": ceal-; crypto-; myster-; occult-; orgy; stego-, stegano-.

【同源单词】clandescent, clandestine, clandestine chemistry, clandestine operation, clandestinely, clandestineness

词根词缀：clari-, clar-,

【来源及含义】Latin: clear, bright, shining, glorious

【同源单词】Clara, claret, clarification, clarifier, clarify, clarinet

词根词缀：class-

【来源及含义】Latin: division according to rank; class, division, army, fleet

【同源单词】aclassis, class, classic, classical, classical archaeology, classical education

词根词缀：clathr-, clathro-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bars, lattice, grate; used in the sense of "lattice[d], latticelike"

【同源单词】clathrate, clathrate hydrate, clathrose

词根词缀：claudica-, claudic-, claud-

【来源及含义】Latin: lame, lameness, a limping; gait impaired [walking disability]; walking with uneven steps

【同源单词】claudicant, claudicate, claudication, claudicatory, intermittent claudication, intermittent claudication of the cauda equina

词根词缀：claustro-, claustr-

【来源及含义】Latin: lock, barrier; to close, to shut; a confined space

【同源单词】claustral, claustrophial, claustrophile, claustrophilia, claustrophilic, claustrophobia

词根词缀：clavi-, clav-

【来源及含义】Latin: key; to enclose, to comprise, to include; to fit together, or to work together; pertaining to the collarbone [so named because of its keylike shape]

【同源单词】autoclave, autoclaver, clavelization, claviature, clavichord, clavicle

词根词缀：clavi-, clav-

【来源及含义】Latin: knotty stick, club

【同源单词】clava, clavate, clavicorn, claviform, claviformed, clavola

词根词缀：cleido-, cleid-, clido-, clid-

【来源及含义】Greek: key; a means of locking or a thing that locks [or unlocks] a door; a key, bar, or hook; a combining form that denotes the clavicle or collarbone

【同源单词】cleidal, cleidarthritis, cleidocostal, cleidocranial, cleidohumeral, cleidohyoid

词根词缀：cleisto-, cleist-, clisto-, clist-, cli-, clei-

【来源及含义】Greek: closed, shut

【同源单词】acleistocardia, cleistocarp, cleistocarpous, cleistogamic, cleistogamous, cleistogamy

词根词缀：cleithr-, cleithro-

【来源及含义】Greek: bar for closing a door; to shut, to close

【同源单词】cleistophobia, clithrophobia

词根词缀：clemen-, clement-

【来源及含义】Latin: mild, calm; calmness, gentleness, placid

【同源单词】clemency, clement, clemently, inclemency, inclement, inclemently

词根词缀：cler-, clero-

【来源及含义】Greek: lot, allotment, inheritance

【同源单词】cleronomy, cleruch, cleruchial, cleruchy

词根词缀：clien-, client-

【来源及含义】Latin: follower, retainer

【同源单词】client, clientage, cliental, clientele, client-server, clientship

词根词缀：climato-, climo-

【来源及含义】Greek: inclination, slope; the [supposed] slope of the earth from the equator towards the poles; hence, the latitudinal zone of the earth and prevailing weather in a given zone

【同源单词】acclimate, acclimatize, agroclimatology, bioclimatic, bioclimatologist, bioclimatology

词根词缀：cliv-

【来源及含义】Latin: slope, slanting up or down

【同源单词】acclive, acclivitous, acclivity, acclivous, declive, declivitous

词根词缀：clon-, clono-, clonus-

【来源及含义】Greek > Medical Latin: muscle spasm; to move violently; turmoil

【同源单词】ankle clonus, clonic, clonicity, clonicotonic, clonism, clonograph

词根词缀：cnem-, cnemo-, cnemi-; knem-, knemo-, knemi-

【来源及含义】Greek: the part of the leg between the knee and the ankle

【同源单词】acnemia, anticnemion, brachycnemic, cnemial, cnemitis, entocnemial

词根词缀：cnid-, cnido-

【来源及含义】Greek: nettle; a relationship to a nettle or nettle-like structure; nettle rash

【同源单词】cnida, cnidaria, cnidarian, cnidocyte, cnidophobia, cnidosis

词根词缀：coagulo-, coagul-

【来源及含义】Latin: to curdle; from a verb meaning "to bring together"

【同源单词】anticoagulant, chemocoagulation, coagulant, coagulate, coagulopathy, electrocoagulation

词根词缀：coalesc-, coalit-

【来源及含义】Latin > Medieval Latin > French: growing together, merging, combining, uniting

【同源单词】coalesce, coalescence, coalescent, coalite, coalition, coalitioner

词根词缀：coccygo-, coccyg-, coccyge-, coccyo-, coccy-

【来源及含义】Greek: cuckoo; the end of the vertebral column in man and in some apes; the rudiment of a tail

【同源单词】coccycephalus, coccydynia, coccygeal, coccygectomy, coccygodynia, coccygotomy

词根词缀：cochle-, cochl-, cochleo-, cochlio-

【来源及含义】Greek: spiral shell, snail with a spiral shell; pertaining to the cochlea, the spiral tube in the inner ear

【同源单词】cochlea, cochlear, cochleitis, cochleoid, cochleotopic, cochleovestibular

词根词缀：coct-, cocto-

【来源及含义】Latin: to cook, to boil; to prepare; to digest

【相关词根词缀】Closely related to the coqu-, cocu- family of "to cook, to ripen" words.

【同源单词】coction, coctoantigen, coctoimmunogen, concoct, concocted, concocter

词根词缀：codex-, codi-, cod-

【来源及含义】Latin: a code of laws, a writing tablet; an account book; secret writing; originally, "the trunk of a tree"

【同源单词】autocode, bar code, barcode printer, bar-code scanner, BASIC code, binary code

词根词缀：coelio-, coelo-, coel-, -coele, coeli-, celeo-, cel-, cele-, celi-, celio-

【来源及含义】Greek: abdomen [hollow, cavity of the body]

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】celiac, celialgia, celiectomy, celiocentesis, celiodynia, celioenterotomy

词根词缀：cogni-, cogn-, cognosc-

【来源及含义】Latin: know, learn

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": discip-; gno-; histor-; intellect-; learn, know; math-; sap-; sci-; sopho-.

【同源单词】archaeological reconnaissance, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognizable, cognizably

词根词缀：coimetro-, coimetr-; koimetro-, koimetr-

【来源及含义】Greek: koimeterion, sleeping-room, burial-place; grave, grave yard; final resting place

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "bury, burial, cemetery, grave; sleeping place": Epitaphs; funer-; sepulc-; sheol; tapho-.

【同源单词】cemetery, coimetromania, coimetrophilia, coimetrophiliac, coimetrophobia

词根词缀：cole-, coleo-

【来源及含义】Greek: sheath, scabbard; in medicine, a combining form that means "sheath" or "vagina"

【相关描述】Don't confuse this cole-, "sheath, vagina" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.

【同源单词】coleitis, coleocele, coleocystitis, Coleoptera, coleopterophilous, coleoptosis

词根词缀：coll-, col-

【来源及含义】Latin: neck

【相关描述】Don't confuse this coll-,col-, "neck" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); collo-, coll- (glue); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; esophag-; guttur-; laryng-; nuch-; trachel-.

【同源单词】accolade, collar, collar, collarbone, collar-crown, decollate

词根词缀：collo-, coll-, colla-

【来源及含义】Greek: glue

【相关描述】Don't confuse this collo, coll-, "glue" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.

【同源单词】collagen, collagenase, collaplankton, collenchyma, colloblast, collodion

词根词缀：colloido-, colloid-

【来源及含义】Greek: glue; used in the sense of "pertaining to a colloid, a gelatinous [gluelike] substance in which particle matter is suspended"

【同源单词】colloidoclasia, colloidogen, colloids

词根词缀：colo-, col-

【来源及含义】Greek: kolo- > Latin: colo-, colon or large intestine [that part which extends from the cecum to the rectum]

【相关描述】Don't confuse this colo-, col-, "colon, large intestine" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.

【同源单词】colocecostomy, colocentesis, colocutaneous, colodyspepsia, coloenteritis, colometrometer

词根词缀：color-

【来源及含义】Latin: color

【同源单词】ambicolorate, apatetic coloration, color, colorable, colorably, coloration

词根词缀：coloss-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: gigantic, enormous, huge

【同源单词】colossal, colossality, colossally, colossean, Colosseum, colossus

词根词缀：colpo-, colp-, kolpo-, kolp-

【来源及含义】Greek: womb, fold; vagina; from "bosom, lap, hollow"

【相关描述】The letter "k" is frequently used in place of the beginning "c" for many of these words.

【同源单词】aerocolpos, bathycolpian, colpalgia, colpectasia, colpectomy, colpedema

词根词缀：coluber-, colubr-

【来源及含义】Latin: snake

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "snakes or other reptiles": angui-; herpeto-; ophio-; reptil-; sauro-.

【同源单词】Coluber, colubrid, Colubridae, colubrine

词根词缀：columba-, columb-

【来源及含义】Latin: pigeon or dove

【相关描述】There are an estimated 300 pigeon and dove species of near passerine birds (mainly perching songbirds) in the order Columbiformes. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used interchangeably, although smaller species are more likely to be called doves.

【同源单词】Austrocolumbia, Columba, columbaceous, columbarian, columbarium, columbary

词根词缀：com-, co-, cog-, col-, con-, cor-

【来源及含义】Latin: together, together with, with

【相关描述】The prefix com- is assimilated to co- before h, w, and all vowels:

The prefix com- becomes, cog- before g: cognition, [co + gnoscere, "to know"], et al.

The prefix com- becomes, col- before l: colloquial, et al.

The prefix com- becomes, con- before c, d, g, j, n, q, s, t, v: covivant, et al.

The prefix com- becomes, cor- before r: corrigible, et al.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "together" units: greg-; inter-; struct-.

【同源单词】abscond, abscondee, anticorrosive, bioconcentration, coadjutant, coadjuting

词根词缀：coma, coma-

【来源及含义】Greek: from Modern Latin which came from Greek koma, komatos, "deep sleep"

【同源单词】coma, coma, comal, comatose, comatosely, narcoma

词根词缀：commu-, comm-

【来源及含义】Latin: common, universal, public; multitude and common people

【同源单词】common, common, common place, common sense, commonalty, commoner

词根词缀：concho-, conch-, conchi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: shell, sea shells; shell-like bone or cavity of the body

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】cochle, cochlea, cochlearia, cochleary, cochleate, cochleiform

词根词缀：concil-

【来源及含义】Latin: assembly; group of people, meeting

【同源单词】conciliate, conciliation, conciliatory, council, councilor, irreconcilability

词根词缀：condyl-, condylo-

【来源及含义】Greek: knuckle, knuckle-like knob, knob

【同源单词】condylar, condyle, condylectomy, condylion, condyloid, condyloma acuminatum

词根词缀：congru-

【来源及含义】Latin: to agree, to come together, to correspond with; "suitable, proper," from Latin congruentem, congruens, "agreeing, fit, suitable" from congruere, literally, "to come together, to agree, to meet", from com-, "with, together" + gruere, ruere, "to fall, to rush"

【同源单词】congruence, congruency, congruent, congruently, congruism, congruist

词根词缀：coni-, conio-, -coniosis, -conite, koni-, konio-, kon-, kono-

【来源及含义】Greek: dust; as seen in many words

【同源单词】aconite, anthraconite, conidial, conidiology, conidiophore, conidiophore

词根词缀：conniv-, coniv-

【来源及含义】Latin: to close the eyes, to blink, to wink at [a crime], to overlook [errors], connive at; to be privy to [secretly knowing about]; to be tightly closed

【同源单词】connivance, connive, connivent, conniver, connivery, unconniving

词根词缀：consult-; consul-

【来源及含义】Latin: to deliberate together, to consider; magistrate in ancient Rome who consulted the Roman Senate

【同源单词】consul, consul general, consular, consulate, consulship, consult

词根词缀：contra-, contro-, counter, contre-

【来源及含义】Latin: against, opposed to, opposite, conflicting, different, clashing, unaccommodating

【同源单词】accounter, acrocontracture, contentious, contraband, contrabandist, contrabass

词根词缀：copi-, copy-

【来源及含义】Latin: abundance, plenty, plentiful, well supplied, abounding

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】copier, copiosity, copious, copiously, copiousness, copy

词根词缀：copro-, copr-, kopro-, kopr-

【来源及含义】Greek: feces, dung, excrement; filth, dirt

【同源单词】acoprosis, acoprous, autocoprophage, copracrasia, copragogue, copremesis

词根词缀：coqu-, cocu-, coc-

【来源及含义】Latin: to cook, to prepare food, to ripen, to digest, to turn over in the mind

【相关词根词缀】Closely related to the coct- family of words.

【同源单词】biscuit, cook, cooker, cookery, cuisine, kitchen

词根词缀：cor-, cord-, cour-

【来源及含义】Latin: heart

【相关词根词缀】A cross reference of another word group that is related to: "heart": cardio-.

【同源单词】accord, accordance, accordant, accordantly, according, accordingly

词根词缀：corac-, coraco-

【来源及含义】Greek: crowlike; used in the specialized sense of "pertaining to, or connected to the coracoid, the bony process that forms part of the scapular arch [and is so named because its shape resembles that of a crow's beak"]

【同源单词】coracoid, epicoracoid, mesocoracoid, precoracoid, sternocoracoid, subcoracoid

词根词缀：core-, coro-, cor-

【来源及含义】Greek: pupil of the eye; kore, literally, "girl" to mean both "doll" and "pupil of the eye"

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】acorea, anisocoria, asthenocoria, coreclisis, corectasis, corectome

词根词缀：cori-

【来源及含义】Latin: skin; hide, leather; the hide stripped off

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】coriaceous, corium, excoriable, excoriate, excoriated, excoriating

词根词缀：coris-

【来源及含义】Greek: korizesthai, "to caress"; via Late Latin: corisma

【同源单词】hypocorism, hypocorisma, hypocorisms, hypocoristic, hypocoristic, hypocoristically

词根词缀：corm-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: trunk of a tree or body

【同源单词】corm, cormous

词根词缀：corn-

【来源及含义】Latin: horn, horny

【同源单词】bicorn, Capricorn, cervicorn, clavicorn, corn, cornea

词根词缀：corne-, corneo-

【来源及含义】Latin: horny, hornlike; horny [tissue] pertaining to the cornea, the horny transparent anterior portion of the external covering of the eyes

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】cornea, corneal, corneas, corneoblepharon, corneous, iridocorneosclerectomy

词根词缀：coron, coroll-

【来源及含义】Latin: garland, wreath, crown; from a Greek source meaning, "anything curved; a wreath, a garland"

【同源单词】corona, coronal, coronation, coronogram, coronoidectomy, electric corona

词根词缀：corp-, corpor-, corpus-

【来源及含义】Latin: body

【同源单词】bicorpora, corporal, corporality, corporally, corporate, corporately

词根词缀：coruscat-

【来源及含义】Latin: flash, sparkle, glitter; quiver

【同源单词】caruscation, coruscant, coruscate, coruscated

词根词缀：costo-, cost-, costi-

【来源及含义】Latin: rib, ribs; side; coast

【同源单词】accost, accosted, acuticostal, chondrocostal, coast, costa

词根词缀：cotylo-, cotyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: cup, any cup-shaped hollow; a seed leaf

【同源单词】acotyledon, acotyledonous, cotyle, cotyledon, cotyliform, cotyloid

词根词缀：coxa-, coxo-, cox-

【来源及含义】Latin: hip [anatomy], hip-bone, hip joint

【同源单词】coxa, coxagra, coxal, coxalgia, coxankylometer, coxarthritis

词根词缀：cozen-

【来源及含义】Latin: cheat, swindle; to defraud with deceptions or delusions

【同源单词】chicanery, countercozen, cozen, cozenage, cozened, cozener

词根词缀：cranio-, crani-, cran-

【来源及含义】Greek > Medieval Latin [c.700-c.1500]: head, skull

【同源单词】acrania, aegicrania, amphicrania, attached craniotomy, auriculocranial, bucranium

词根词缀：cras-, crastin-

【来源及含义】Latin: tomorrow, of tomorrow, belonging to tomorrow; delay, delaying, putting off until a later date

【同源单词】procrastinate, procrastinated, procrastinatingly, procrastination, procrastinative, procrastinatively

词根词缀：creat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make, to produce, to bring forth

【相关描述】The words in this creat- unit are closely related to the cresc- unit.

【同源单词】concreate, create, created, creating, creation, creationism

词根词缀：cred-, credit-, creed-

【来源及含义】Latin: believe, belief; faith; confidence; trust

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "faith, trust; faithful, trusting; believe, belief": dox-; fid-.

【同源单词】accredit, accreditation, accredited, accrediting, Carpe diem, concredit

词根词缀：crema-

【来源及含义】Latin: burn [fire]

【相关词根词缀】 Special: Cremation of Sam McGee poem.
Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】concremation, cremains, cremate, cremation, cremationist, cremator

词根词缀：cremno-, cremn-; kremno-, kremn-

【来源及含义】Latin: an overhanging bank, precipice, cliff, crag

【同源单词】apokremnos, cremnocele, cremnomania, cremnophilous, cremnophobia, kremnobates

词根词缀：cremo-, crem-, cremasto-, cremast-

【来源及含义】Greek: to hang, hang up; hung, hung up; suspend, suspended, suspender

【同源单词】cremaster, cremaster muscle, cremasteric, cremasteric artery, cremocarp

词根词缀：cren-

【来源及含义】Latin: notch

【同源单词】crenate, crenation, crenature, crenel, crenelate, crenellation

词根词缀：creno-, cren-, crauno-, crouno-

【来源及含义】Greek: well head, spring, fountain, mineral spring

【同源单词】craunology, craunotherapy, crenic, crenicoline, crenogenic meromixis, crenology

词根词缀：creo-, cre-, creato-, crea-, creatin-, kreo-, kreato-

【来源及含义】Gk., flesh, meat

【相关词根词缀】 Related "meat, flesh" word units: carno-; sarco-.

【同源单词】acreophagist, acreophagous, acreophagy, creatinase, creatinemia, creatinuria

词根词缀：crepit-

【来源及含义】Latin: creak, crackle; rattle, rustling; grating, grinding

【同源单词】crepitant, crepitant crackle, crepitate, crepitation, crepitus, decrepit

词根词缀：crepuscu-, crepusc-

【来源及含义】Latin: twilight, dusky, dawn; in the evening or early-morning hours; dim, indistinct

【同源单词】anticrepuscular arch, anticrepuscular ray, crepuscle, crepuscular, crepuscule, crepusculine

词根词缀：crico-, cric-

【来源及含义】Greek: ring; used in the extended sense of pertaining to the [ring-shaped] cartilage that forms the back and lower part of the laryngeal cavity

【同源单词】cricoid, cricoidectomy, cricopharyngeal, cricothyrotomy, intercricothyrotomy

词根词缀：crim-, crimino-

【来源及含义】Latin: judicial decision, verdict; object of reproach, judgement; legal offense, fault, accusation

【相关描述】Closely related to the cern- family of "separated, set apart" words.

【同源单词】crime, crime victim, criminal, criminal, criminal anthropology, criminality

词根词缀：crin-, crino-

【来源及含义】Greek: to secrete, to exude; such as, a certain gland or glands

【同源单词】allocrine, angiocrine, angiocrinosis, apocrine, apocrine gland, autocrine

词根词缀：crino-, crin-, crini- (hair)

【来源及含义】Latin: hair

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】crinal, crinatous, crinet, criniculture, criniparous, crinite

词根词缀：crio-

【来源及含义】Greek: ram

词根词缀：cris-, crit-, cri-

【来源及含义】Greek: to separate; a separating, putting apart; a decision, decide; to judge

【同源单词】abdominal crisis, acrisia, acritical, addisonian crisis, adolescent crisis, asthmatic crisis

词根词缀：crist-

【来源及含义】Latin: crest

【同源单词】crista, cristate, cristed, infracristal, intercristal, semicrista

词根词缀：crot-

【来源及含义】Greek: pulse beat

【同源单词】dicrotic, dicrotism

词根词缀：croustico-, crousto-, crusto-, croust-, crust-; kroustico-, krousto-, kroust-, krust-

【来源及含义】Greek: to stretch; stretch out; to beat, to strike

【同源单词】procrustean rule, procrustean string, procrustean, procrusteanism, procrusteanize, Procrustes

词根词缀：crud-

【来源及含义】Latin: raw, not cooked; literally, trickling with blood, bleeding; raw, bloody, cruel

【相关描述】The terms, cruelty and crudeness are closely linked etymologically. Cruel came via Old French cruel from Latin crudelis, a relative of Latin crudus; which actually meant "cruel" as well as "raw" and "bloody".

【同源单词】crude, crudely, crudeness, crudity, cruel, cruelly

词根词缀：crymo-, crym-, krymo-, krym-

【来源及含义】Greek: cold, frost, chill; freezing

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】crymnion, crymoanesthesia, crymocolous, crymodinia, crymodynia, crymohemic

词根词缀：cryo-, cry-, kryo-, kry-

【来源及含义】Greek: cold, very cold, freezing; used to describe the effects of low temperatures or activities carried on at a very low temperature

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】cryalgesia, cryanalgesia, cryanesthesia, cryapodia, cryesthesia, cryoablation

词根词缀：crypto-, crypt-

【来源及含义】Greek: hidden, secret, secrets, secret writing; by extension, applied to secret code or ciphers

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": ceal-; clandesti-; myster-; occult-; orgy; stego-, stegano-.

【同源单词】allocryptic, Ammocrypta, amphicryptophyte, anticryptic, apocryphal, Apocryphon

词根词缀：crystallo-, crystall-

【来源及含义】Greek: crystal, ice, freeze, congeal, frost; icelike, transparent; [especially in reference to a mineral or glass]

【相关词根词缀】Additional related "ice" units: glaci-; grando-.

【同源单词】cryptocrystalline, crystal, crystalline, crystallogram, crystallographer, crystallography

词根词缀：cteno- cten-

【来源及含义】Greek: comb, rake; comblike, comb-shaped

【同源单词】cryptophthalmus, ctene, ctenidia, ctenidium, cteniform, Ctenocephalus

词根词缀：cubi-, cub-, cumb-, cubit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to lie [in a horizontal position or posture]; to lie down, to lie asleep

【同源单词】accumbent, brachiocubital, concubinage, concubine, covey, cubical

词根词缀：culci-, culici-, culc-

【来源及含义】Latin: gnat, mosquito

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Culex, Culicidae, culicidal, culicide, culicifuge, Culicinae

词根词缀：culpa-

【来源及含义】Latin: blame; responsible for wrong or error

【同源单词】culpa, Culpa caret qui seit sed prohibere non potest, Culpa est immiscere se rei ad se non pertinenti, Culpa lata, Culpa lata dolo equiparatur, Culpa levis

词根词缀：cultri-, cultr-

【来源及含义】Latin: knife

【同源单词】coulter, cultrate, cultriform, cultrirostral, cultrivorous

词根词缀：cumulo-, cumul-, cumuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: a heap, heap up; gather together, bunch together, cram, amass, compile; pile up

【同源单词】accumulate, accumulation, accumulative, accumulatively, accumulativeness, altocumulus

词根词缀：cune-, cuneo-, cunei-

【来源及含义】Latin: wedge, wedge shaped

【同源单词】coin, cuneal, cuneate, cuneiform, cuneocuboid, cuneus

词根词缀：cupid-

【来源及含义】Latin: desiring, to desire, desire

【同源单词】Aliudque cupido, concupiscence, concupiscent, covet, covetous, covetously

词根词缀：cupr-, cupro-, cupri-

【来源及含义】Latin: copper; from Cyprus, specifically, "copper"

【同源单词】copper, copper amalgam, cupremia, cupreous, cupretic, cupric

词根词缀：cura-, cur-

【来源及含义】Latin: care, heal, cure; care for, give attention to, to take care of

【同源单词】accuracy, accurate, accurately, assurance, assure, assuredly

词根词缀：curr-, cur-, cor-, cour-

【来源及含义】Latin: to run, running

【同源单词】coarse, concoarse, concourse, concur, concurrence, concurrent

词根词缀：curvi-, curv-

【来源及含义】Latin: crooked, bent; curved

【同源单词】ahead of the curve, behind the curve, curvaceous, curvate, curvated, curvature

词根词缀：cuspid-

【来源及含义】Latin: point

词根词缀：cuss-

【来源及含义】Latin: from quatere, to shake, to strike, to beat

【同源单词】concuss, concussion, concussion of the brain, concussive, discuss, discusser

词根词缀：custo-, custod-

【来源及含义】Latin: guardian, keeper, protection; guarding, keeping

【同源单词】custodial, custodian, custodianship, custodier, custody, noncustodial

词根词缀：cuti-, cut-, cutan-, -cutis-

【来源及含义】Latin: skin

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】cutaneous, cuticle, cuticolor, cuticula, cuticularization, cuticulin

词根词缀：cyano-, cyan-, kyano-, kyan-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color blue, dark blue

【同源单词】acyanoblepsia, acyanopsia, acyanotic, cyanate, Cyanea, cyanic

词根词缀：cyath-, cyatho-, cyathi-

【来源及含义】Greek: cup, a goblet, a cup for measuring, or drawing wine out of a bowl

【同源单词】cyathiform, cyathium, cyathophorous, cyathus

词根词缀：cyber-

【来源及含义】Greek: steersman, pilot, helmsman; to steer, guide, govern, governor; computer-mediated electronic communications

【同源单词】biocyberneticist, biocybernetics, computational cybernetics, cyber, cyberanthropology, cyberart

词根词缀：cyesio-, cyes-, cyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: to be pregnant; pregnancy

【相关词根词缀】Related "pregnant, pregnancy" word units: cyo-; gravido-.

【同源单词】acyesis, cyasma, cyesalagnia, cyesedema, cyesiognosis, cyesiology

词根词缀：cyg-

【来源及含义】Latin: swan

【同源单词】cygneous, cygnet, Cygnus, Dendrocygna

词根词缀：cylindro-, cylindr-, cylindri-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: roller, roller-shaped figure; used in the sense of being "roller-shaped, column-shaped"

【同源单词】cylinder, cylindrical, cylindroid, semicylindrical, spherocylinder

词根词缀：cymo-, cym-, cymo-

【来源及含义】Greek: wave; sprout

【同源单词】cymograph, cymography, cymometer, cymophobic, cymophone, cymoscope

词根词缀：cyno-, cyn-, kyno-, kyn-

【来源及含义】Greek: dog; like a dog

【相关词根词缀】 Related "dog" word family: cani-.

【同源单词】apocynum, cur, currish, currishly, currishness, cynanthropy

词根词缀：cyo-, cy-, kyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: embryo, fetus; pertaining to pregnancy or to a fetus

【相关词根词缀】Related "pregnant, pregnancy" word units: cyo-; gravido-.

【同源单词】cyonin, cyophoria, cyophoric, cyotrophy

词根词缀：cyprido-, cyprid-, cypri-, cyprid-,

【来源及含义】Greek: Kypris, a name for Venus or Aphrodite; a lewd or licentious woman

【同源单词】Cyprian, cypridology, cypridopathy, cypridophobia, cyprinophobia, cypripareunia

词根词缀：cyrt-, cyrto-, kyrt-, kyrto-

【来源及含义】Greek: bent, curved

【同源单词】brachiocyrtosis, cyrtograph, cyrtoid, cyrtometer, cyrtopodia, cyrtosis

词根词缀：cysto-, cyst-, cysti-, cystido-

【来源及含义】Greek: sac or bladder which contains fluid [or gas, as in pneumatocyst]; urinary bladder

【同源单词】cholecystitis, cholecystogram, cysticerus, cystine, cystitis, cystocarcinoma

词根词缀：cyther-, cythero-

【来源及含义】Greek: Kytheria; another name for Venus or Aphrodite

【同源单词】Cythera, Cytheran, cytherean, cytheromania

词根词缀：cyto-, cyt-, -cyte, cytio-

【来源及含义】Greek: cells, cell, hollow; used primarily in the extended sense of "animal or plant cells" [because cells were originally thought to be hollow]

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to "cell, cells, cell nucleus": celli-; cellulo-; endothelio-; gameto-; glio-; kary-, karyo-; neuro-.

【同源单词】anisocytosis, astrocytoma, athrocytosis, autocytoplasty, autophagocytosis, capnocytophaga

词根词缀：dacryo-, dacry-

【来源及含义】Greek: tear, tears; as from a tear-gland or the tear-glands in the eyes

【相关词根词缀】Related "tear, tears; as in crying" word unit: lacrimo-.

【同源单词】adacrya, conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, conjunctivodacryocystostomy, dacryadenalgia, dacryadenitis, dacryagogatresia

词根词缀：damn-, demn-

【来源及含义】Latin: to harm, damage, loss; sentence to punishment, doom; worthy of condemnation

【同源单词】ad quod damnum, condemn, condemnable, condemnation, condemnatory, condemned

词根词缀：dasy-

【来源及含义】Greek: thick, shaggy, hairy, dense

【同源单词】dasymeter, dasypedes, dasyphyllous, dasypod

词根词缀：dat-, dos-, dot-, dow-, don-, dit-

【来源及含义】Greek + Latin: dare, to give, a giving, given; a gift; to grant, to offer

【相关词根词缀】 Another term used for medical dosage can be seen at this posology page.

【同源单词】a datu, a die datus, air dose, anecdote, antidotal therapy, antidote

词根词缀：de-

【来源及含义】Latin: from, away from, off; down; wholly, entirely, utterly, complete; reverse the action of, undo; the negation or reversal of the notion expressed in the primary or root word

【同源单词】de die in diem, de facto, De gustibus non est disputandum, de jure, De minimis non curat praetor, De mortuis nihil nisi bonum

词根词缀：deca-, dec-, deka-, dek-

【来源及含义】Greek: ten; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】In the metric [decimal] system, deka- is used to show whole units: ten [U.S.] and tenfold [U.K.]; 10¹ [10]. The metric symbol for deka- is da.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】decachord, decade, decagon, decagonal, decagram, decagramme

词根词缀：decem-, decim-, deci-, dec-

【来源及含义】Latin: ten; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】In the metric [decimal] system, deci- [DE si] is used to show 1/10 of a unit, as 10^-1 [0.1]; tenth [U.S.] and tenth part [U.K.]. The metric symbol is d.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】dean, December, decemvir, decemviral, decemvirate, decennaries

词根词缀：decor-

【来源及含义】Latin: proper, dignified, fitting, seemly right; suitability

【同源单词】decent, decor, decorate, decoration, decorative, decorative arts

词根词缀：dei-, div-

【来源及含义】Latin: God, god, godly; deity, divine nature

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; ecclesi-; fanati-; hiero-; idol-; -olatry; theo-; zelo-.

【同源单词】actus Dei, ad majorem dei gloriam, adieu, agnostic, D, Dei sub numine viget

词根词缀：deipno-, deipn-

【来源及含义】Greek: dinner; dining

【同源单词】deipno-diplomatic, deipnophobia, deipnosophist

词根词缀：dele-, deli-

【来源及含义】Latin: to destroy, to efface, to abolish, to obliterate

【同源单词】dele, deleble, delenda, delete, deleted, deletion

词根词缀：deleter-, deleteri-

【来源及含义】Greek: to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to destroy; destroyer; harmful

【同源单词】deleterious, deleteriously, deleteriousness, deletery

词根词缀：deliri-

【来源及含义】Latin: madness; crazy, rave, deranged; literally, to go off the furrow; from delirare, "to turn aside from the furrow", whence arose the meanings "to deviate, to become deranged, to be crazy, or to be delirious"

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; anxi-; hallucina-; menti-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】acute delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium tremens, anxious delirium, collapse delirium, deliriant

词根词缀：delo-, del-

【来源及含义】Greek: visible, clear, clearly seen; obvious

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "appear, visible, visual, manifest, show, see, reveal, look": blep-; demonstra-; opt-; -orama; pare-; phanero-; phant-; pheno-; scopo-; spec-; vela-, veal-; video-, visuo-.

【同源单词】adelomorphous, adelopod, delomorphous, delotikos, delotos, epidelos

词根词缀：delt-, delto-

【来源及含义】Greek: writing-tablet

【同源单词】deltiologist, deltiology

词根词缀：delta, delt-

【来源及含义】Greek: triangular; fourth letter; Δ, δ, of the Greek alphabet

【同源单词】delt, delta, Delta Aquarids, delta bar, delta connection, delta flat

词根词缀：demi-

【来源及含义】Latin: half

【同源单词】demibastion, demigod, demigoddess, demilitarization, demilitarize, demilune

词根词缀：demonstra-

【来源及含义】Latin: to point out, to indicate, to show

【相关描述】The words in this unit come from Latin de-, "utterly, completely" (in this situation) plus monstrare, "to show, to point out" (from monstrum, "divine portent", which came from monere, "to warn").

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "appear, visible, visual, manifest, show, see, reveal, look": blep-; delo-; opt-; -orama; pare-; phanero-; phant-; pheno-; scopo-; spec-; vela-, veal-; video-, visuo-.

【同源单词】counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrator, demonstrable, demonstrableness, demonstrate, demonstrated

词根词缀：demulc-

【来源及含义】Latin: to soothe

【同源单词】demulce, demulceate, demulceation, demulcent, demulcent, demulcetive

词根词缀：densi-, dens-

【来源及含义】Latin: thick, thickly set, crowded, compact

【同源单词】condensable, condensate, condensate well, condensation, condensative, condense

词根词缀：dento-, dent-, denta-, dentino-, denti-, dentin-

【来源及含义】Latin: tooth, teeth

【相关词根词缀】 Related "tooth, teeth" word units: bruxo-; odonto-.

【同源单词】bident, bidentate, dandelion, dental, dentate, denticle

词根词缀：deon-, deont-

【来源及含义】Greek: duty, that which is binding; obligation; necessity

【同源单词】deontic, deontic logic, deontological, deontological ethics, deontologism, deontologist

词根词缀：deorsum-

【来源及含义】Latin: downward, downwards

【同源单词】deorsum, deorsumduction, deorsumvergence, deorsumversion

词根词缀：der-, dero-

【来源及含义】Greek: neck

【同源单词】derodidymus

词根词缀：desm-, desmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: band, bond; ligament

【同源单词】anisodesmic, desmectasia, desmitis, desmocranium, desmogenous, desmography

词根词缀：deterior-, deteriorat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make worse, to become worse; lower, inferior; unfavorable; decline, declining; diminish, diminishing

【同源单词】alcoholic deterioration, biodeterioration, deteriorate, deterioration, deterioration of attention, deteriority

词根词缀：deuter-, deutero-, deut-

【来源及含义】Greek: two; second [in a series]

【同源单词】deuteragonist, deuteranomalous, deuteranomaly, deuteranopia, deuteranopic, deuteripara

词根词缀：dexter-, dextra-, dextro-

【来源及含义】Latin: right, right hand, to the right; therefore, "skillful, fortunate"

【同源单词】ambidexter, ambidexterity, ambidextrous, ambisinistrodextrous, ambo dexter, amylodextrin

词根词缀：di-, dicho-, dich-

【来源及含义】Greek: number two; twice, divided, double; unalike; a number used as a prefix

【同源单词】diacanthous, diacid, diadelphous, dianthous, diarch, diarchy

词根词缀：dia-, di-

【来源及含义】Greek: through, thoroughly; across; entirely, utterly

【同源单词】adenodiastasis, adiabatic, adiabolist, adiactinic, adiadochocinesia, adiadochocinesis

词根词缀：diabolo-, diabol-

【来源及含义】Greek: devil, demon [literally, "to throw across;" then, "to attack, to slander"]

【同源单词】adiabolist, devil, deviltry, diablerie, diabolepsy, diabolical

词根词缀：dic-, dict-

【来源及含义】Latin: talk, speak, say, tell, declare; to proclaim; to indicate

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.

【同源单词】abdicable, abdicant, abdicant, abdicate, abdicate, abdication

词根词缀：dictyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: net, netlike

【同源单词】archedictyon, archidictyon, dictyogen, dictyospore, dictyostele, hydrodictyon

词根词缀：didact-

【来源及含义】Greek: didaktikos, skilled at teaching, teach; teacher

【同源单词】autodidact, autodidactic, autodidactically, autodidacticism, didactic, didactically

词根词缀：didym-

【来源及含义】Greek: twin; testicle

【相关描述】Words that include the Greek element didym- which oddly provides us with words referring to "twins" or "testes".

【同源单词】cryptodidymus, didymalgia, didymitis, didymus, epididymis, epididymitis

词根词缀：di-, die-, -diem, diurn-

【来源及含义】Latin: day

【相关描述】Don't confuse this dies, "day" (DEE uhs) with the verb dies (DIGHZ) which refers to "dying" or "death".

【相关词根词缀】Another related "day" unit is located at hemer-.

【同源单词】adjourn, adjournment, antemeridian, Carpe diem, circadian, diary

词根词缀：digit-, digiti-

【来源及含义】Latin: finger, toe; from Greek daktylos

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "toes" and "fingers": dactylo-; hallu-; phalang-.

【同源单词】bidigitate, binary digit, digit, digital, digital arteries, digital audio

词根词缀：dign-, dain-

【来源及含义】Latin: worthy of respect and esteem; a positive regard and honor for

【同源单词】condign, condignly, daintily, dainty, deign, dignifiedly

词根词缀：diko-, dik-, dico-, dic-

【来源及含义】Greek: a judge; right, order, law, manner; justice

【同源单词】dicast, dicastery, dicastic, dikasteria, Dike, dikephobia

词根词缀：dino-, din-

【来源及含义】Greek: fearful, frightful; terrible, powerful

【同源单词】Dinocera, Dinornis, dinornithic, dinosaur, Dinosaura, Dinosauria

词根词缀：diphther-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > French: leather, prepared hide, membrane

【同源单词】diphteroid, diphtheria, diphtherial, diphtheritic, diphtheritis, diphtherotoxin

词根词缀：diplo-, dipl-

【来源及含义】Greek: double [two-fold]

【同源单词】diplobacillus, diplobacteria, diplobacterium, diploblastic, diplocardia, diplocardiac

词根词缀：dire-

【来源及含义】Latin: fearful, awful, boding ill, ill-omened, horrible, terrible

【同源单词】diarist, dire, dire straits, dire, direful, direfully

词根词缀：dis-, di-, dif-

【来源及含义】Latin: separation, apart, asunder; removal, away, from; negation, deprivation, undoing, reversal, utterly, completely; in different directions

【相关描述】The meaning of dis- varies with different words; dif-, assimilated form of dis- before f; di-, form of dis- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v.

【同源单词】diffect, differ, difference, different, differentia, differential

词根词缀：discip-

【来源及含义】Latin: discipulus, pupil, apprentice; instruction, teaching, learning (to learn), knowledge

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": cogni-; gno-; histor-; intellect-; learn, know; math-; sap-; sci-; sopho-.

【同源单词】A bove majori discit arare minor, Bonitatem et disciplinam et scientiam doce me, disciple, Disciplina praesidium civitatis, Disciplina, disciplinarian

词根词缀：disco-, disc-, disko-, disk-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: disk; round plate thrown in athletic competitions; used primarily in the extended sense of "something shaped like a round plate"

【同源单词】blastodisc, compact disc read-only memory, Compact Disc Rewritable storage, Compact Disc-Recordable, disc, disc

词根词缀：distric-

【来源及含义】Latin: political or geographical division

【同源单词】district, district attorney, district energy, district judge, District of Columbia, redistrict

词根词缀：diversi-, divers-, divert-

【来源及含义】Latin: different, separate, opposite; literally, turned away [from each other]

【相关描述】Directly related to the large vers-, vert- family of words.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】aver, biodiversity, diverse, diversely, diverseness, diversifiable

词根词缀：diverticul-

【来源及含义】Latin: [from di-, "apart" and vertere, "to turn"] by-road, digression, deviation; to turn away, go in different directions

【相关描述】Used in the specialized sense of "tubular pocket or pouch that branches off from a bodily cavity or canal".

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】diverticula, diverticular, diverticularization, diverticulectomy, diverticulitis, diverticulogram

词根词缀：divid-, divis-

【来源及含义】Latin: to separate; a separation

【同源单词】device, devise, deviser, divide, divide, Divide et impera

词根词缀：doc-, doct-

【来源及含义】Latin: teach, instruct

【同源单词】Docendo discimus, Docendum et discendum, docent, Docet Omnia, docile, docility

词根词缀：dodeca-, dodec-

【来源及含义】Greek: twelve

【同源单词】dodecadactylitis, dodecadactylon, dodecagon, dodecahedral, dodecahedron, dodecaphony

词根词缀：dolich-, dolicho-

【来源及含义】Greek: long; used in extended senses as, "abnormally long"; narrow

【同源单词】acrodolichomelia, dolichocephalic, dolichocolia, dolichocolon, dolichoderus, dolichoeuromesocephalus

词根词缀：dolo-, dol-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: guile, deceit, deception

【同源单词】dolose, subdolous

词根词缀：doloro-, dolor-, dolori- , dol-

【来源及含义】Latin: to feel pain, to grieve; sorrow, grief, mourning

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; angina-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; poen-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】ad partes dolentes, condolatory, condole, condolence, dole, doleful

词根词缀：dom-, domo-, domat-, domato-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: house, home ["master, lord" of the house]

【相关词根词缀】Related "home; house" word units: ecdemo-; eco-; nosto-. Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; agon-; arch-; -crat; gov-; magist-; poten-; regi-; tyran-.

【同源单词】condominial, condominium, danger, dangerous, dangerously, daunt

词根词缀：dorm-, dormi-

【来源及含义】Latin: sleep, sleeping

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sleep" units: hypno-; letho-; narco-; oneiro- (dream); somni-; sopor-.

【同源单词】condorm, dorm, dormant, dormer, dormeuse, dormient

词根词缀：doul-, dulo-, dul-

【来源及含义】Greek: slave, servile, slavish; servitude; serving

【相关描述】A doula supports a woman and her family in achieving the kind of birth that they desire. A doula works in homes, hospitals, and birth centers; and gives, emotional, physical, and informational support. A careprovider, be he/she a midwife, OB/gyn, or family practitioner, will take care of a woman's prenatal care and birth. A doula is supposed to ensure that someone is always available to look after the mother-to-be emotionally. These objectives are facilitated by communication between the laboring woman, her partner, and her clinical care providers.

As a supportive companion (other than a friend or loved one) a doula is professionally trained to provide birth-labor support. She performs no clinical tasks. A doula also refers to lay women who are trained or experienced in providing postpartum care—mother and newborn care, breastfeeding support and advice, cooking, child care, errands, and light cleaning—for the family. To distinguish between the two types of doulas, one may refer to "birth doulas" and "postpartum doulas".

【同源单词】doule, doulios, doulos, dulia, dulocracy, hierodule

词根词缀：dox-, -doxy, dog-, dogma-, dogmato-

【来源及含义】Greek: believe, belief; that which is thought to be true; opinion, doctrine, decree; praise; confidence

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "faith, trust; faithful, trusting; believe, belief": cred-; fid-.

【同源单词】adoxal, adoxy, cacodox, cacodoxy, dogma, dogmatic

词根词缀：draco-, drac-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: dragon; a kind of serpent; snake; a kind of fish; by extension, a festering sore

【同源单词】dracontiasis, dracuncular, dracunculiasis, Dracunculidae, Dracunculoidea, dracunculosis

词根词缀：drama-

【来源及含义】Greek > Late Latin: to do, to accomplish

【同源单词】docudrama, drama, dramatic, dramatis personae, dramatist, dramatization

词根词缀：drepano-, drepan-

【来源及含义】Greek: sickle

【同源单词】drepanocyte, drepanocytemia, drepanocytic

词根词缀：droso-, dros-

【来源及含义】Greek: dew

【同源单词】drosograph, drosometer, drosophila, drosophile, drosophilous, drosopterin

词根词缀：dry-, dryo-

【来源及含义】Greek: oak tree; by extension, "tree"

【同源单词】druid, dryad, Dryope, Dryophyllum, Dryosaurus, dryotomos

词根词缀：dulci-, dulc-

【来源及含义】Latin: sweet, pleasant, charming

【同源单词】dulcet, dulciana, dulcifluous, dulcify, dulcigenic, dulciloquy

词根词缀：duo-, du-

【来源及含义】Latin: two, double; a word element for the number "2"

【同源单词】conduplicate, deuce, double, double-dealing, doublet, doubletalk

词根词缀：duodecim-, duodec-

【来源及含义】Latin: twelve

【同源单词】duodecahedral, duodecennial, duodecimal, duodecimally, duodecimo

词根词缀：duodeno-, duoden-

【来源及含义】Latin: first part of the small intestine; based on duodecim, "twelve", because its length is approximately twelve finger-breadths

【同源单词】antroduodenectomy, autocholecystoduodenostomy, duodenal, duodenectomy, duodenitis, duodenogram

词根词缀：duro-, dur-, dura-

【来源及含义】Latin: hard [as wood], lasting; thick, tough

【同源单词】dour, dourly, dourness, dura mater, durability, durable

词根词缀：dys-

【来源及含义】Greek: bad, harsh, wrong; ill; hard to do, difficult at; slow of; disordered; impaired, defective

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; mal-; mis-; pessim-; sceler-. Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "slow, slowness, slow of, sluggish": lent-; tard-.

【同源单词】acrodysaesthesia, acrodysostosis, algesidystrophy, algodystrophy, amebic dysentery, amylodyspepsia

词根词缀：ebulli-, bulli-

【来源及含义】Latin: to bubble, to bubble up; to boil

【相关词根词缀】 Related indirectly to the "heat, hot" word units: pyreto-; thermo-. Another "bubbling, boiling" unit: ferv-.

【同源单词】debulliate, ebulliate, ebullience, ebulliency, ebullient, ebulliently

词根词缀：eburn-, ebur-

【来源及含义】Latin: ivory

【同源单词】ebur, eburnated, eburnation, eburnation of dentin, eburneous, eburnification

词根词缀：ecclesi-, ecclesiastico-

【来源及含义】Greek: called out; church

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; dei-, div-; fanati-; hiero-; idol-; -olatry; theo-; zelo-.

【同源单词】ecclesia, ecclesial, ecclesiaphobia, ecclesiarch, ecclesiarchy, ecclesiast

词根词缀：ecdemo-, ecdem-

【来源及含义】Greek: away from home

【相关词根词缀】Related "home; house" word units: domo-; eco-; nosto-.

【同源单词】ecdemic, ecdemiomania, ecdemolagnia

词根词缀：echidno-, echidn-

【来源及含义】Greek: viper

【同源单词】echidnase, echidnin, Echidnophaga, echidnotoxin, echidnovaccine

词根词缀：echino-, echin-

【来源及含义】Greek: spiny, prickly; sea urchin; hedgehog; [spiny] seed husk

【同源单词】echinate, echinidium, echinite, echinochrome, echinocyte, echinoderm

词根词缀：echo-, ech-

【来源及含义】Greek: sound, noise; especially a returned sound; repetition, imitation

【同源单词】anecho, anechoic, catecheses, catechesis, catechetical, catechism

词根词缀：eco-, oeco-, oec-

【来源及含义】Greek: house, household affairs [environment, habitat], home, dwelling; used in one extensive sense as, "environment"

【相关词根词缀】Related "home; house" word units: domo-; ecdemo-; nosto-.

【同源单词】agroecologist, agroecology, autecological, autecology, bioecological, bioecologist

词根词缀：ecto-, ect-

【来源及含义】Greek: outside, external, beyond

【同源单词】ectobiology, ectoblast, ectocardia, ectocytic, ectoderm, ectodermal

词根词缀：ectro-

【来源及含义】Greek: abortion, untimely birth; primarily used to mean "congenital absence" or "defect" of a part which is normally present

【同源单词】ectrocardia, ectrocheiry, ectrochiry, ectrodactylia, ectrodactylism, ectrodactyly

词根词缀：ed-, edi-

【来源及含义】Latin: edere, "to bite, to eat; eating, eatable; consume"

【同源单词】eat, eatable, edacious, edacity, edibility, edible

词根词缀：eda-

【来源及含义】Greek: soil

【同源单词】edaphic, edaphology, edaphon, Edaphosaurus

词根词缀：ede-, edema-, oedema-

【来源及含义】Greek: swell, swelling

【同源单词】acroedema, angioedema, angioneuredema, blepharedema, colpedema, cyesedema

词根词缀：edif-

【来源及含义】Latin: to build, to erect a building; a building, a sanctuary, a temple; originally, aedes, "building a hearth" or "to build a hearth" because the fire in the hearth was the center of the home in early times since it supplied both heat and light; over time, the meaning expanded from the hearth itself to the home and building that enclosed it

【同源单词】edification, edifice, edifier, edifieth, edify, edile

词根词缀：eido-, eid-; ido-, id-

【来源及含义】Greek: image, figure, form, shape; literally, "that which is seen"

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": figur-; form-; icono-; ideo-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】eidetic, eidogen, eidograph, eidography, eidolic, eidolism

词根词缀：eisodo-, eisod-, esodo-, esod-

【来源及含义】Greek: an entry

【同源单词】aesthesodic, eisodic, epeisodion, esodeviation, esodic, esthesodic

词根词缀：eisoptro-

【来源及含义】Greek: mirror

【相关词根词缀】 Related "mirror" word families: catoptro-; enoptro; mirac-, mir-.

【同源单词】eisoptromania, eisoptromaniac, eisoptrophobia, eisoptrophobic, eisoptrophobic

词根词缀：elasmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: to drive, strike, beat out; general application is "beaten metal, metal plate"

【同源单词】elasmobranch, Elasmosaurus, Elasmotherium

词根词缀：elasto-, elast-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: driven on, set in motion; driven, set in motion; ductile; elasticity, elastic

【同源单词】aeroelastic, anelasticity, elastance, elastase, elastic, elastic bandage

词根词缀：electro-, electr-, electri-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: electric, electricity; from amber, resembling amber, generated from amber which when rubbed vigorously [as by friction], produced the effect of static electricity

【相关描述】Equipment which we use everyday relies on electronics to function including calculators, car controls, cameras, washing machines, medical scanners, mobile telephones, radar systems, computers; as well as many other applications or devices which are listed in this unit.

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": galvano-; hodo-; ion-; piezo-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.

【同源单词】acoustoelectric effect, acoustoelectronics, active electrode, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, amphoteric electrolyte, anelectrotonus

词根词缀：eleo-, elaeo-, elaio-

【来源及含义】Greek: oil, olive oil

【同源单词】eleoma, eleometer, eleopathy, eleotherapy

词根词缀：eleuthero-, eleuther-

【来源及含义】Greek: free, freedom

【同源单词】dactylolysis spontanea, dactylosymphysis, eleutherarch, Eleutherian, eleutherism, eleutheromania

词根词缀：elytro-, elytr-, elytri-

【来源及含义】Greek ελυτρον > Modern Latin: covering, wrapping; sheath, casing; by extension, vagina

【同源单词】brachelytra, elytra, elytriferous, elytriform, elytroid, elytron

词根词缀：em-, emp-, empt-; sump-, -sum-

【来源及含义】Latin: a taking, to take, to take up, to buy, to select; to use, to spend, to consume

【同源单词】absumption, assume, assumed, assumer, assuming, assumpsit

词根词缀：embolo-, embol-, emboli-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: that which is thrust into something; wedge, stopper; interpolation, obstruction; from "throw in" or "throw into"

【同源单词】emblem, emboli, emboliform, embolism, embololalia, embolomycotic

词根词缀：empori-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: traveler, trader, merchant; a trading place, market; pertaining to trade or traveling

【同源单词】emporia, emporiatrician, emporium

词根词缀：emul-

【来源及含义】Latin: striving to equal; rivaling or competing with; imitate, imitating; trying to do something as well as or better than another system, person, or other people

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】emulate, emulated, emulating, emulation, emulative, emulatively

词根词缀：en-, em-, el-

【来源及含义】Greek: in, into, inward; within; near, at; to put, to go into, or to cover with; as, entomb, encamp, enfold; to provide with; as, to enlighten; to cause to be; as, to enlarge; thoroughly; as, enmesh; in, within, into; as enzootic

【相关描述】This prefix, en-, changes to em- before b, p, or ph.

【同源单词】disembark, disembarkation, embark, embarkation, embarkment, embezzle

词根词缀：enantio-

【来源及含义】Greek: opposite, opposing, over against; [en- + anti]

【同源单词】enantiobiosis, enantiodromia, enantiodromic, enantiomer, enantiomorph, enantiomorphism

词根词缀：encephalo-, encephal-

【来源及含义】Greek: brain; that which is inside the head

【同源单词】amyelencephalia, anencephalia, anencephalic, anencephalology, anencephalous, anencephaly

词根词缀：endo-, end-

【来源及含义】Greek: within, inside, into, in, on, inner

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": figur-; form-; icono-; ideo-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】endaortic, endoabdominal, endobenthos, endobiontic, endobiosis, endobiotic

词根词缀：endothelio-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: layer of simple cells lining the inner surface of the circulatory organs

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to "cell, cells, cell nucleus": celli-; cellulo-; cyto-; gameto-; glio-; kary-, karyo-; neuro-.

【同源单词】angioendothelioma, angioendotheliomatosis, angioreticuloendothelioma, endothelioid, endothelioma, endotheliosis

词根词缀：enigma-

【来源及含义】Greek ainigma > Latin aenigma: dark saying, riddle, fable; from ainissesthai, "to speak darkly, to speak in riddles"

【同源单词】enigma, enigmatic, enigmatical, enigmatically, enigmatist, enigmatize

词根词缀：ennea-, enne-

【来源及含义】Greek: nine

【同源单词】enneacotahedron, ennead, enneaeteric, enneagon, enneagynous, enneahedron

词根词缀：enoptro-

【来源及含义】Greek: mirror; visible in [a thing]; seen in [something]

【相关词根词缀】 Related "mirror" word families: catoptro-; eisoptro-; mirac-, mir-.

【同源单词】enoptromancy, enoptromania, enoptromaniac, enoptrophobia, enoptrophobiac, enoptrophobic

词根词缀：enter-, entero-

【来源及含义】Greek: intestine, gut

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; fistul-; incret-; inter-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-.

【同源单词】dysadrenalism, enterectomy, enteric, enteritis, enteroantigen, enterobacteriotherapy

词根词缀：ento-, ent-

【来源及含义】Greek: within, inside, inner; used as a prefix [used in many words related to anatomy and biology]

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": enter-; fistul-; incret-; inter-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-.

【同源单词】entacoustic, entoblast, entochondral, entocnemial, entocoel, entocondyloid

词根词缀：entomo-, entom-

【来源及含义】Greek: insect, bug; literally, "cut up, cut in pieces"; an insect because it appears to be segmented

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】dientomophilous, entognathous, entomochore, entomogamy, entomogenous, entomography

词根词缀：eo-, eoso-, eos-

【来源及含义】Greek: dawn [east], daybreak; early; primarily used to indicate "early, primeval"

【同源单词】eoan, Eoanthropus, eobiogenesis, eobionts, Eobrontosaurus, Eocene

词根词缀：eosin-, eosino-

【来源及含义】Greek: daybreak, dawn, red of the dawn sky; primarily used in naming chemical compounds, especially pertaining to red stain or dye

【同源单词】eosin, eosinopenia, eosinotactic

词根词缀：epano-, epan-

【来源及含义】Greek: again; occurring in some rhetorical terms

【同源单词】epanadiplosis, epanalepsis, epanastrophe, epanodos, epanorthosis, epanthous

词根词缀：epeiro-, epeir-, epiro-, epir-

【来源及含义】Greek: land; mainland; continent

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】epeiric, epeiric sea, epeirogenesis, epeirogenic, epeirogeny

词根词缀：ependymo-, eympend-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: membrane lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain including cells and cellular membranes

【同源单词】anaplastic ependymoma, ependyma, ependymal, ependymal cyst, ependymin, ependymis

词根词缀：epi-, ep-

【来源及含义】Greek: above, over, on, upon; besides; in addition to; toward; among

【相关词根词缀】 Related "above, over, beyond the normal, excessive" word units: hyper-; super-, supra-, sur; ultra-, ult-.

【同源单词】anepigraphous, cotyledon, endoepidermal, ephemeral, epibasal, epibasidium

词根词缀：episio-, episi-

【来源及含义】Greek: denotes the vulva or region of the pubes

【同源单词】episioclisia, episioelytrorrhaphy, episiohematoma, episioitis, episioperineoplasty, episioperineorrhaphy

词根词缀：epist-

【来源及含义】Latin: letter; message

【同源单词】epistle, epistolary, epistolatry, epistolic, epistolography

词根词缀：epistemo-, epistem-

【来源及含义】Greek: knowledge, know; understand; believe

【同源单词】epistemic, epistemolater, epistemolatry, epistemological, epistemologically, epistemologist

词根词缀：equ-, eque-, equi-

【来源及含义】Latin: horse

【相关描述】Don't confuse this unit with another equ- unit meaning same, equal.

【相关词根词缀】 Related horse-word units: caval-; hippo-.

【同源单词】equerry, eques, equestrian, equestrianism, equestrienne, equid

词根词缀：equ-, equi-

【来源及含义】Latin: same, similar, even, uniform, identical; fair

【相关描述】Don't confuse this unit with another equ- unit meaning horse.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】adequacy, adequate, coequal, coequality, coequalize, coequally

词根词缀：-erc-, -erci-

【来源及含义】Latin: [from arcere] to restrain, to enclose, to confine; to keep off

【同源单词】boxercise, coerce, coercer, coercible, coercimeter, coercion

词根词缀：eremo-, erem-, eremi-

【来源及含义】Greek: lonely, solitary; hermit; desert

【同源单词】eremic, eremiomania, eremiophobia, eremite, eremitism, eremobic

词根词缀：ergasio-, ergasi-, ergas-, ergat-

【来源及含义】Greek: work

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: argo-; ergo-; labor-; oper-; pono-; urg-.

【同源单词】cacergasia, ergasia, ergasiaphyte, ergasiapophyte, ergasiapophytic, ergasiatrics

词根词缀：ergo-, erg-

【来源及含义】Greek: work

【相关描述】Also see the urg- words that have been "transformed" from the basic elements of this unit.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: argo-; ergasio-; labor-; oper-; pono-; urg-.

【同源单词】allergic, allergies, allergy, bioenergy, energetic, energy

词根词缀：err-, errat-

【来源及含义】Latin: wander, stray, rove; deviate

【同源单词】aberr, aberrance, aberrancy, aberrant, aberrate, aberration

词根词缀：eruci-, eruc-

【来源及含义】Latin: caterpillar

【同源单词】eruciform, eruciphile, eruciphilous, eruciphily

词根词缀：erythro-, erythr-, ereuth-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color red, ruddy; blushing

【同源单词】anerythroplasia, dolichostenomelia, erythralgia, erythralgia, erythremia, erythrin

词根词缀：eschato-, eschat-

【来源及含义】Greek: last, furthest, remotest, outermost

【同源单词】eschatocol, eschatological, eschatologically, eschatologist, eschatology, eschatology of Jehovah

词根词缀：eso-, es-, eis-

【来源及含义】Greek: inward, into; within

【同源单词】eisodic, eisoptromania, eisoptromaniac, eisoptrophobia, eisoptrophobic, esocataphoria

词根词缀：esophag-, esophago-

【来源及含义】Greek: gullet, throat [passage from the mouth to the stomach], that which carries food; the path along which food travels from the mouth to the stomach

【相关描述】 Here is a special article about the Neck and Throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "eat, eating" word units: brycho-; esculent-; glutto-; phago-; vor-. Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; coll-; guttur-; laryng-; nuch-; trachel-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": alimento-; broma-; carno-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】azygoesophageal, circumesophagal, esophagalgia, esophagalia, esophageal, esophagectasia

词根词缀：esse, sent-, terest-

【来源及含义】Latin: to be

【同源单词】absence, Absens haeres non erit, absent, absente febre, absente reo, absentee

词根词缀：estim-

【来源及含义】Latin: to value; to appraise; to assess

【同源单词】aim, aimless, aimlessly, esteem, estimable, estimableness

词根词缀：estiv-, aestiv-; estuar-, aestuar-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to summer; heat, fire; the ebb and flow of the sea, tide

【同源单词】aestus, estival, estivate, estivation, estrus, estuarial

词根词缀：ethero-, ether-, aethero-, aether-, aither-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: burn, shine, to kindle; light up; the heavens; the upper air, the sky

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-. Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】ether, ether lavage, etherated, ethereal, ethereality, etherealization

词根词缀：ethm-, ethmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: strainer, sieve

【同源单词】dacryocystoethmoidostomy, esoethmoid sinus, esoethmoiditis, ethmoid, ethmoidectomy, ethmoiditis

词根词缀：ethno-, ethn-

【来源及含义】Greek: people, race, tribe, nation; group of people living together; community, family

【相关词根词缀】Related "people, human" word units: anthropo-; demo-; ochlo-; popu-; publi-.

【同源单词】ethnagogue, ethnarch, ethnarchy, ethnic, ethnically, ethnicism

词根词缀：etho-, eth-, ethi-

【来源及含义】Greek: custom, habit; character, manners; usage

【同源单词】caco, ethic, ethical, ethicality, ethicize, ethics

词根词缀：ethyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: upper air, purer air [alcohol and sufuric acid]; in scientific terminology, "volatile, clean-smelling, euphoria-producing liquid composed of alcohol and sufuric acid"

【同源单词】ethanol, ethyl, ethyl cellulose, ethyl gasoline, ethyl tert-butyl ether, ethylamine

词根词缀：etio-, aetio-

【来源及含义】Greek: cause, causation, originating; that which causes or originates something

【同源单词】aetiologizing, etiogenic, etiolated, etiolation, etiologic, etiological

词根词缀：etym-

【来源及含义】Greek: truth, true meaning, real [the root meaning, true meaning or literal meaning of a word]

【相关词根词缀】
Other related "word, words" units: legi-; lexico-; locu-; logo-; onomato-; -onym; verbo-.

【同源单词】entomology, etym, etymic, etymograph, etymographer, etymographic

词根词缀：eu-

【来源及含义】Greek: good, well, normal; happy, pleasing; used as a prefix

【同源单词】aneuploid, aneuploidy, eubiotics, Eucalyptus, eucentric, eucharist

词根词缀：eury-

【来源及含义】Greek: wide, broad

【同源单词】aneurysm, aneurysmectomy, aneurysmograph, aneurysmoplasty, aneurysmotomy, eurybaric

词根词缀：evit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to shun, to avoid

【同源单词】evitable, evitate, evitation, evite, inevitability, inevitable

词根词缀：ex-, ec-, e-

【来源及含义】Greek: out of, out, outside; away from; used as a prefix

【相关描述】This is a prefix that is supposed to be used with words or roots of Greek origin. The ex- form is used before vowels or h; ec- goes before consonants.

【同源单词】acentric, eccentric, eccentric, eccentric vision, eccentricity, ecclesia

词根词缀：ex-, e-, ef-

【来源及含义】Latin: a prefix occurring in words of Latin origin used in the senses: out, out of, from; upward; completely, entirely; to remove from, deprive of; without; former [said of previous holders of office or dignity]

【相关描述】Before f, ex- becomes ef-; before all voiced consonants (as b, d, g, etc.) ex- becomes e-.

【同源单词】e pluribus unum, educate, educe, efface, effacement, effete

词根词缀：exa-

【来源及含义】Greek: from hexa-, "six"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】This is a prefix that is used in the metric [decimal] system as one-quintillion [U.S.] or trillionfold [U.K.], 10¹⁸ [1 000 000 000 000 000 000]. The metric symbol for exa- is E.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】exabit, exabyte, exagram, exajoule, exasecond

词根词缀：exo-, ex-

【来源及含义】Greek: outer, outside, external; used as a prefix

【同源单词】exobiology, exobiotic, exocardia, exocardiac, exocardial, exocarp

词根词缀：exorcis-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > French: bind by oath; calling up or driving out of [evil] spirits

【同源单词】exorcise, exorcised, exorciser, exorcism, exorcist, exorcistic

词根词缀：extirp-

【来源及含义】Latin: root out, to pluck out by the stem or root

【同源单词】extirp, extirpable, extirpate, extirpated, extirpates, extirpating

词根词缀：extra-, extro-, extr-, exter-

【来源及含义】Latin: beyond, outside, on the outside, outward, external

【同源单词】Ab extra, ad extra, ad extremum, exteriorly, external, external reforming

词根词缀：exuber-, uber-

【来源及含义】Latin: come forth in abundance, grow luxuriantly; superabundance

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】exuberance, exuberancy, exuberant, exuberantly, exuberate, exuberated

词根词缀：fa-, fam-, fan-, fant-, fat-, -fess; fab-, fabul-

【来源及含义】Latin: fari-, "to say, to talk"; telling, speak, say, spoken about; acknowledge

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": augur-; auspic-; Fates in action; futur-; -mancy; omen; -phemia; sorc-, sorcery; vati-.

【同源单词】affability, affable, affableness, affably, confabulate, confabulation

词根词缀：fabrillo-, fibrill-, fibrilo-, fibril-

【来源及含义】Latin: small fiber or filament

【同源单词】atrial fibrillation, defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fibrilla, fibrillar

词根词缀：faceti-

【来源及含义】Latin: jest; witty

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: farc-; humor-; jocu-; lud-; satir-.

【同源单词】facetia, facetious, facetious, facetiously, facetiousness

词根词缀：facio-, faci-, face-

【来源及含义】Latin: face, pertaining to the face; countenance; form, make, set in place, do

【同源单词】about-face, acousticofacial, an about face, brachiofacial, brachiofaciolingual, buccofacial

词根词缀：falc-, falx-

【来源及含义】Latin: sickle

【同源单词】falciform, falx, falx cerebelli, falx cerebri

词根词缀：fals-, fall-

【来源及含义】Latin: deception, untrue, incorrect; deceiving; contrary to truth and fact

【同源单词】default, default, defaulter, electrical fault, fail, failing

词根词缀：fam-

【来源及含义】Latin: fames, hunger, starvation

【同源单词】famelic, famine, famish, famished

词根词缀：famil-

【来源及含义】Latin: servant, domestic, part of a household ; members of a group; close relationships

【同源单词】blended family, extrafamilial, familial, familiar, familiarity, familiarize

词根词缀：fanati-, fanat-, fan-

【来源及含义】Latin: from fanum, "temple"; pertaining to a temple or place of worship

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; dei-, div-; ecclesi-; hiero-; idol-; -olatry; theo-; zelo-.

【同源单词】antifanatic, fan, fanatic, fanatical, fanatically, fanaticalness

词根词缀：farc-, fars-

【来源及含义】Latin: to plug up or to cram, to stuff; by extension, practical joke, sham; fiasco

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: faceti-; humor-; jocu-; lud-; satir-.

【同源单词】acute myocardial infarction, anemic infarct, bland infarct, calcareous infarct, cardiac infarction, cerebral infarction

词根词缀：fasci-, fascio-, fasc-, fascia-

【来源及含义】Latin: band, bandage; bundle, bunch; used in the extended sense of "pertaining to the fascia", a band or sheet of fibrous tissue providing a subcutaneous covering for various parts of the body

【同源单词】axillary fascia, brachial fascia, clavipectoral fascia, deep fascia, fascia, fasciaplasty

词根词缀：fascinat-, fascina-

【来源及含义】Latin: to enchant, to bewitch, to charm

【同源单词】fascinate, fascinated, fascinatedness, fascinating, fascinatingly, fascination

词根词缀：favor-

【来源及含义】Latin: good will or support; to show kindness to; to be inclined toward good will, to befriend

【同源单词】disfavor, disfavored, disfavorer, favor, favorable, favorableness

词根词缀：febri-, febr-

【来源及含义】Latin: fever

【同源单词】absente febre, adstante febre, afebric, afebrile, afebrile, antefebrile

词根词缀：febril-, febrill-

【来源及含义】Latin: a minute fiber or filament; often a component of a compound fiber

【同源单词】defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fibril, fibrilla, fibrillar

词根词缀：feco-, fec-, faeco-, faec-, feci-

【来源及含义】Latin: excrement, dung; from faeces, plural of faex, "dregs, sediment"

【同源单词】caryofecia, copremesis, defecalgesiophobia, defecate, defecation, defecography

词根词缀：fecund-

【来源及含义】Latin: fruitful, fertile

【同源单词】fecund, fecundability, fecundate, fecundatio, fecundation, fecundative

词根词缀：feli-, felin-, felino-

【来源及含义】Latin: cat, cats

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "cat, cats": aeluro-, eluro-; cat; galeo-; gato-.

【同源单词】felicide, felid, felid, Felidae, feliform, feline

词根词缀：felici-, felicit-

【来源及含义】Latin: happy, fortunate

【同源单词】Felicia, felicific, Felicitas habet multos amicos, felicitate, felicitate restituta, felicitation

词根词缀：fellat-

【来源及含义】Latin: suck, to suck

【同源单词】autofellatio, felatio, fellate, fellated, fellating, fellation

词根词缀：fem-, femi-

【来源及含义】Latin: woman, women; not masculine: neither man nor men

【相关词根词缀】 Related "woman, female" units: anilo-; gyno-; mulie-; virgo-.

【同源单词】anti-feminist, bonne femme, covert-feme, defeminize, ecofeminism, ecofeminist

词根词缀：femto-

【来源及含义】Danish and Norwegian: fifteen; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】It is used in the metric [decimal] system as quadrillionth [U.S.] and thousand-billionth part [U.K.], 10^-15 [0.000 000 000 000 001]. The metric symbol for femto- is f.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】femtoampere, femtogram, femtojoule, femtoliter, femtometer, femtomole

词根词缀：femur-, femuro-

【来源及含义】Latin: thigh

【同源单词】femoral, femoroarticular, femur

词根词缀：-fend, fend-, fen-

【来源及含义】Latin: ward off, to ward off, strike, keep off, guard, protect; from fendere [found only in compounded words]

【同源单词】Audemus jura nostra defendere, counteroffensive, defence, defenceless, defencelessly, defend

词根词缀：fenestra-, fenestr-

【来源及含义】Latin: window; in anatomy, a small opening in a bone; to bring to light, to show

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】adfenestration, autocide-defenestration, autodefenestration, craniofenestria, defenestrate, defenestrated

词根词缀：ferment-, fermento-

【来源及含义】Latin: yeast; substance containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates; from the Latin root of fervere, "to boil, to seethe"

【同源单词】ferment, ferment, fermentability, fermentable, fermentarian, fermentater

词根词缀：ferro-, ferr-, ferri-

【来源及含义】Latin: iron; pertaining to, or containing iron

【同源单词】ferreous, ferric, ferriferous, ferroalloy, ferrochromium, ferroconcrete

词根词缀：ferv-

【来源及含义】Latin: to boil; hot; to begin to boil, to be hot; deeply earnest; ardent

【相关词根词缀】 Related "heat, hot" word units: pyreto-; thermo-. Related "bubble" word unit: ebulli-.

【同源单词】effervesce, effervescence, effervescent, effervescible, effervescing, effervescingly

词根词缀：feto-, fet-, feti-, foeto-, foet-

【来源及含义】Latin: an unborn offspring, fetus

【相关词根词缀】 Related "birth, born, childbirth, offspring" words: abort-; lochio-; nasc-, nat-; proli-; toco-, toko-.

【同源单词】afetal, alcohol fetopathy, effete, fawn, fetal viability, fetal

词根词缀：fibrin-, fibrino-

【来源及含义】Latin: an insoluble protein that is an essential part of blood coagulation

【同源单词】cryofibrinogen, fibrin, fibrine, fibrinogen, fibrinogenesis, fibrinogenopenia

词根词缀：fibro-, fibr-, fiber-

【来源及含义】Latin: fiber [an elongated, threadlike structure]; a combining form denoting a relationship to fibers

【同源单词】adenofibroma, adenofibrosis, adipofibroma, angiofibroblastoma, angiofibrolipoma, angiofibroma

词根词缀：fibul-

【来源及含义】Latin: clasp, brooch; outer bone of the leg

【同源单词】astragalofibular, digitofibular, fibula, fibular, fibulocalcaneal, infibulation

词根词缀：fid-, fidel-

【来源及含义】Latin: believe, belief; trust, faith, true

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "faith, trust; faithful, trusting; believe, belief": cred-; dox-.

【同源单词】Ab origine fidelis, Ad finem fidelis, Adeste, affiance, affiance, affiant

词根词缀：fier-, feroci-

【来源及含义】Latin: wild, untamed

【同源单词】ferocious, ferociously, ferociousness, ferocity, fierce, fiercely

词根词缀：figur-; fig-

【来源及含义】Latin: form, shape, figure; to make, to shape

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": eido-; form-; icono-; ideo-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】configurate, configuration, cyberfiction, disfigure, disfigurement, effigy

词根词缀：fili-

【来源及含义】Latin: son, and by extension, "daughter; offspring" or "family member"

【同源单词】affiliate, affiliation, Ecclesiae filii, filial, filially, filiate

词根词缀：filo-, fil-, filari-

【来源及含义】Latin: thread, string

【同源单词】defile, fila radicularia nervorum spinalium, filaceous, filament, filamentous, filar

词根词缀：fimbri-, fimbr-

【来源及含义】Latin: fringe or a border or edging, fringed; thin projections forming a fringe (especially around the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube); fiber

【同源单词】fimbria, fimbria hippocampi, fimbria ovarica, fimbriae of uterine tube, fimbriate, fimbriated

词根词缀：fin-

【来源及含义】Latin: end, last; limit, boundary, border

【同源单词】Ad finem fidelis, Ad finem spero, Ad finem ultimum, ad finem, ad infinitum, affinity

词根词缀：firm-

【来源及含义】Latin: strong, firm; steadfast or unwavering in purpose, loyalty, or resolve

【同源单词】affirm, affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmative action, affirmatively

词根词缀：fissi-, fiss-, fissur-

【来源及含义】Latin: split, cleave, cut into, cleft; vent; break into parts, separate

【同源单词】binary fission, cervical fissure, contrafissure, fissile, fission, fissiparity

词根词缀：fistul-, fistulo-, fistuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: pipe; an abnormal passage or communication, usually between two internal organs, or leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; incret-; inter-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-. A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "tube, pipe": aulo-; can-, cann-; siphon-; syringo-; tub-.

【同源单词】arteriovenous fistula, blind fistula, fistula, fistular, fistularia, fistulariidae

词根词缀：fix-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fasten; to attach; from fixus, past participle of figere

【相关词根词缀】 Related word families intertwined with "to place, placing, to put; to add; to stay; to attach" word units: pon-; prosth-; stato-; the-, thes-.

【同源单词】affix, affixal, affixation, affixial, affixion, affixture

词根词缀：flagello-, flagell-

【来源及含义】Latin: to whip, a whip, whip-like appendage

【同源单词】ameboflagellate, biflagellate, choana, dinoflagellate, flagella, flagellant

词根词缀：flagr-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire; burn, blaze

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】blatant, conflagrant, conflagrate, conflagration, conflagrative, conflagrator

词根词缀：flam-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire, burn, blaze

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】aflame, flamb, flambeau, flamboyant, flame, flameless

词根词缀：flat-, flatu-

【来源及含义】Latin: to blow, a puff of wind or air; by extension, accumulation of gas in the stomach or bowels

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】afflatus, conflate, conflation, deflate, deflation, deflation lake

词根词缀：flav-, flavo-, flavi-

【来源及含义】Latin: the color [reddish] yellow

【同源单词】acriflavine, bioflavonoid, flavescent, flavicomous, flavin, flavivirus

词根词缀：flect-, flex-

【来源及含义】Latin: bend, bending; curve, curving; turn, turning

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】anteflect, anteflexion, baroreflex, biflex, chemoreflex, circumflex

词根词缀：flic-, flig-

【来源及含义】Latin: strike, to strike down; to destroy, dashed down, damaged, destroyed

【同源单词】afflict, afflicted, afflictedness, afflicter, affliction, afflictionless

词根词缀：flocc-, floccu-

【来源及含义】Latin: tuft or cluster, as of wool

【同源单词】floccillation, floccinaucinihilipilification, floccipend, floccose, flocculable, flocculate

词根词缀：fluvio-, fluvi-

【来源及含义】Latin: river, stream

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": amni-; meand-; oceano-; potamo-; ripari-.

【同源单词】effluvium, fluvial, fluvialist, fluviated, fluviatic, fluviatile

词根词缀：folio-, foli-, folii-

【来源及含义】Latin: leaf, leaves; a plant's device for intercepting light, obtaining and storing water and nutrients, exchanging gases, and providing a process for photosynthesis

【同源单词】acutifoliate, amplexifoliate, angustifoliate, antifoliate, bifoliate, bifoliation

词根词缀：foll-, folli-

【来源及含义】Latin: bag; bellows; windbag; moneybag

【同源单词】folleatus, follically challenged, follicle, follicle mite, folliclis, follicular

词根词缀：font-, fount-

【来源及含义】Latin: fountain, spring

【同源单词】font, fontanelle, fount, fountain, fountainous

词根词缀：for-, fora-

【来源及含义】Latin: bore, pierce, make holes; hole, holes; opening, openings,

【同源单词】biforate, foramen, foramen magnum, foramen ovale, foraminectomy, imperforate

词根词缀：forbi-, forb-

【来源及含义】Greek: phorbe, fodder, from pherbein, to graze; by extension: fodder, food; any herb other than grass, a broadleaf herb; a weed

【同源单词】forb, forbicoline, forbiphilous, forbiphily, forbivorous

词根词缀：foren-, fore-

【来源及含义】Latin: forensis of a forum, place of assembly; public, public speaking; foras, foranus, outside, residing outside, out of doors

【同源单词】affeer, afforest, agroforestry, coafforest, deforest, disafforest

词根词缀：form-, -form, forma-, format-

【来源及含义】Latin: shape, structure, figure, outer appearance, composition, to compose; visual appearance; spacial arrangement; to develop or to acquire; to produce

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": eido-; figur-; icono-; ideo-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】acariform, Acariformes, Accipitriformes, aciculiform, aciform, acinaciform

词根词缀：formid-

【来源及含义】Latin: formido, "terror"; causing fear, terrible; to dread, to fear

【同源单词】formidability, formidable, formidableness, formidably, informidable

词根词缀：fornic-, fornix-

【来源及含义】Latin: arch; vault

【同源单词】fornical, fornical commissure, fornicate, fornicolumn, fornix, fornix cerebri

词根词缀：fort-, forc-

【来源及含义】Latin: brave; power, strength, strong

【同源单词】a fortiori, Citius, comfort, comfortable, comfortableness, comfortably

词根词缀：fortu-, fortun-

【来源及含义】Latin: chance, fate, luck

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; cad-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】Audaces fortuna iuvat, Chance or Fortune, fortuitist, fortuitous, fortuitously, fortuitousness

词根词缀：foss-, fossili-, fossil-, fossor-

【来源及含义】Latin: to dig, digging; dug out, dug up from beneath the surface; ditch, trench

【同源单词】efossion, fossa vesicae biliaris, fossette, fossil, fossil city, fossil energy

词根词缀：fove-, fovei-

【来源及含义】Latin: pit

【同源单词】fovea, foveate, foveation, foveola, foveolar, foveolate

词根词缀：frag-, frang-, fract-, fring-

【来源及含义】Latin: break, breaking; broken; cracked

【相关词根词缀】 Related break, broken-word units: clast-; rupt-.

【同源单词】anfractuous, atmospheric refraction, conchifragous, diffract, diffraction, diffractive

词根词缀：frater-, frat-

【来源及含义】Latin: brother [family member]

【同源单词】archconfraternity, confrater, confraternity, confraternization, fraternal, fraternity

词根词缀：fren-

【来源及含义】Latin: rein, bridle, a bit (as in a horses mouth); by extension, a medical term for a connecting fold of membrane in the body

【同源单词】buccal frenum, effrenation, frenectomy, frenotomy, frenuloplasty, frenulum

词根词缀：frequen-, frequent-

【来源及含义】Latin: crowded, numerous; repeated, repetition, constant

【同源单词】audio frequency, frequence, frequency, frequent, frequentable, frequentation

词根词缀：frigo-, frig-

【来源及含义】Latin: cold, frost; freezing

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】frigid, frigidarium, frigideserta, frigidity, frigidly, frigidness

词根词缀：front-, fronto-

【来源及含义】Latin: forehead, brow, the forepart of anything; that which projects

【同源单词】A fronte praecipitium a tergo lupi, affront, affront, affronter, anterofrontal, arctic front

词根词缀：frug-, fruct-

【来源及含义】Latin: fruit; from Old French fruit, from Latin fructus, "fruit, produce, profit" from frug-, stem of frui, "to use, to enjoy" (cognate with Old English brucan, "to enjoy"

【同源单词】fructescence, fructicole, fructiferous, fructification, fructifier, fructify

词根词缀：frustrat-, frustra-

【来源及含义】Latin: in vain, in error; to deceive, to disappoint

【同源单词】biofraud, defraud, defrauded, defrauder, electoral fraud, fraud

词根词缀：frutic-, frut-

【来源及含义】Latin: shrub

【同源单词】frutescent, frutex, fruticole, fruticose, fruticulose, frutification

词根词缀：fuci-, fuc-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: rock lichen, seaweed; red paint, rouge

【同源单词】fucinic acid, fuciphagous, fucivorous, fucoid

词根词缀：fulg-; fulmi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to shine, to flash, to glow, to burn; fulmi-, lightning, thunder forth, denounce; related to fulg-

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-. Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】circumfulgent, effulge, effulgence, effulgent, fulgency, fulgent

词根词缀：fulgur-

【来源及含义】Latin: lightning; flashing

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": astrapo-; bronto-; cerauno-, kerauno-; tonitro-, tonitru-.

【同源单词】electrofulguration, Fulgora, fulgural, fulgurant, fulgurata, fulgurate

词根词缀：fumi-, fum-

【来源及含义】Latin: smoke, vapor

【相关词根词缀】See other related smoke pages at this capno- unit.
Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "smoke, smoking": atmido-; capno; Capnomania & Fumimania, Pt. 1; Capnophobia & Fumiphobia, Pt. 1; nebula-; typho-.

【同源单词】effumation, effume, enfume, fumacious, Fumaria officinalis, fumaric

词根词缀：funct-, fungi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to perform, to execute, to discharge; performance, service, execution

【同源单词】allomeric function, arousal function, bifunctional, cofunction, damage function, defunct

词根词缀：fundu-, fundus-, fund-, found-

【来源及含义】Latin: bottom, base; and with special reference to financial applications, "piece of land"

【同源单词】de profundis, esophagofundopexy, fund, fundal, fundament, fundamental

词根词缀：funer-, funero-, fun-

【来源及含义】Latin: burial; death rites, burial ceremony

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "bury, burial, cemetery, grave; sleeping place": coimetro-; Epitaphs; sepulc-; sheol; tapho-.

【同源单词】funebrial, funeral, funeral, funeral arrangements, funeral chapel, funeral customs

词根词缀：fungi-, fung-

【来源及含义】Latin: mold, mushroom; any of a group of plants including mushrooms, molds, mildews, etc.

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of a word group that is related, directly or indirectly, to: "fungus, fungi": myco-.

【同源单词】antifungal, fungal, fungate, fungi, fungicide, fungicole

词根词缀：funi-, fun-

【来源及含义】Latin: rope, cord

【同源单词】funambulant, funambulate, funambulation, funambulatory, funambule, funambulism

词根词缀：fur-, furi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rage, to be mad [insane with anger]; and by extension: enthusiasm, passion

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "anger, angry; rage, wrath, fury; rave": ira-; lysso-; mania-; rab-, rav-.

【同源单词】furacity, furibund, furibundus, Furies, furiosi, furious

词根词缀：furcat-, furca-

【来源及含义】Latin: fork

【同源单词】bifurcate, bifurcated, bifurcation, bifurcation in biometric fingerscanning, furcate, quadrifurcated

词根词缀：fus-, fun-, fund-, fut-, found-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: pour, melt, blend

【同源单词】affuse, affusion, atmospheric diffusion, autoinfusion, autologous transfusion, autotransfusion

词根词缀：fusc-

【来源及含义】Latin: dark, to make dark; brown, tawny

【同源单词】bilifuscin, fuscin, fuscine, fuscous, infuscate, infuscated

词根词缀：futur-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: to be, about to be; future

【相关描述】From Old French futur, from Latin futurus, "about to be". The noun is modeled on Latin futura, neuter plural of futurus.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": augur-; auspic-; fa-, fate; Fates in action; -mancy; omen; -phemia; sorc-, sorcery; vati-.

【同源单词】Clavis ad futura, futurable, futurama, future, future, future history

词根词缀：galeo-, galea-, galeat-, galei-, galer-

【来源及含义】Latin: helmet, helmet shaped, to cover with a helmet; cap; used primarily in zoology and botany with phases of sense development that seem to have been: weasel, weasel's skin or hide, leather, and then a helmet made of leather; by extension, it also means "cat, cats" in some words

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "cat": aeluro-, eluro-; cat; feli-, felin-; gato-.

【同源单词】galea, galeanthropy, galeated, galeiform, galeomania, Galeomorphil

词根词缀：gallo-, gall-

【来源及含义】Latin: of or pertaining to Gaul

【同源单词】Gallic, Gallomania, Gallophile, Gallophilia, Gallophobe, Gallophobia

词根词缀：galvano-, galvan-

【来源及含义】Named after the Italian physician and physicist who investigated the nature and effects of what he conceived to be electricity in animal tissue; who in 1762 discovered and first described voltaic electricity; electric currents; and primarily, direct electrical current.

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": electro-; hodo-; ion-; piezo-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.

【同源单词】electrolysis, Galvani, galvanic, galvanic battery, galvanic corrosion, galvanic couple

词根词缀：gameto-, gamet-

【来源及含义】Greek: from gamet[e], "wife" and gamet[es], "husband" [from gamein, "to marry"]; used chiefly as "pertaining to a gamete, a mature reproductive cell"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to "cell, cells, cell nucleus": celli-; cellulo-; cyto-; endothelio-; glio-; kary-, karyo-; neuro-.

【同源单词】agamete, gametophore, gynogametangium, gynogamete, heterogamete, homogamete

词根词缀：ganglio-, gangli-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: swelling, a knot; center of a cavity; nerve center; pertaining to a mass of nerve tissue

【相关描述】According to Galen [Galenius or Galenos], Clausius [Clarissmus], a Greek physician and medical scientist in Rome c. A.D. 130-201; the proper sense of the element is "anything gathered into a ball," conglobatus.

【同源单词】ganglia, gangliated, gangliform, ganglion, ganglionated, ganglionectomy

词根词缀：gangren-

【来源及含义】Greek: an eating, or gnawing, sore ending in mortification, necrosis, or the death of bodily tissue; usually the result of ischemia or the loss of blood supply to the affected area, bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction

【同源单词】dry gangrene, gangrenate, gangrene, gangrenosis, gangrenous, gangrenous cellulitis

词根词缀：garrul-

【来源及含义】Latin: overly talkative, loquacious, chattering

【同源单词】garrulate, garrulist, garrulity, garrulous, garrulously, garrulousness

词根词缀：gastr-, gastro-, gaster-, gastero-, gastri-, -gastria-

【来源及含义】Greek: stomach, belly

【同源单词】aerogastria, agastria, agastric, amphigastrium, amphigastrula, arachnogastria

词根词缀：gato-

【来源及含义】Latin [cattus] > Spanish: cat, cats

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "cat": aeluro-, eluro-; cat; feli-, felin-; galeo-.

【同源单词】gatomania, gatophilia, gatophobia

词根词缀：gaud-

【来源及含义】Latin: feeling of pleasure and delight; joy, rejoice

【同源单词】Dum felis dormit, enjoy, enjoyable, enjoyably, gaud, gaudiloquent

词根词缀：gehenna-

【来源及含义】Hebrew > Greek > Latin: hell or hellfire

【相关描述】Moloch [MOH luhk] or Molech (Hebrew, melech: king). He was the god of the Ammonites, to whom children were made "to pass through the fire" as sacrifices. Children were dedicated ("passed over") and burned to Molech at the Tophet in the Valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem.

During the monarchical period of the Hebrews, the site was an infamous high place (called "topheth" and derived from an Aramaic word meaning "fireplace"), where some of the kings of Judah engaged in forbidden religious practices, including human sacrifice by fire; as mentioned earlier.

Probably because of these associations with fiery destruction and judgment, the word "Gehenna" came to be used metaphorically as a designation for hell or eternal damnation. As such, Gehenna is to be distinguished from Hades, which is either the bode of all the dead in general or the place where the wicked await the final judgment. In the New Testament, Gehenna designates the place or state of the final punishment of the wicked. It is variously described as a fiery furnace, an unquenchable fire, or an eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】gehenna, gehenne, gehennical

词根词缀：gel-, gela-, gelati-, gelatino-, geli-, gelo-

【来源及含义】Latin: to freeze; frosting; cold; then, to congeal, and finally: gelatin

【相关描述】Later it came to mean "to congeal"; having to do with "congealing" or with "gelatin, a protein derived from the partial hydrolysis of animal skin, connective tissue, and bone".

Don't confuse words from this Latin element with those from Greek gelo-, geloto-, meaning "laugh, laughing, laughter".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】aerogel, gel, gelase, gelasis, gelate, gelatification

词根词缀：gelo-, geloto-

【来源及含义】Greek: laugh, laughter, laughing

【相关描述】Don't confuse words from this Greek element with those from Latin gel-, gelat-, gelati-, meaning "freeze; congeal; gelatin".

For other laugh, laughter words, click on this cachinnate link.

【同源单词】agelast, dacrygelosis, gelasmus, gelastic, gelastic epilepsy, gelatologist

词根词缀：gemin-

【来源及含义】Latin: twin; double

【同源单词】bigeminal, Gemini, geminiflorous, geminous, trigeminal, trigeminy

词根词缀：gemm-, gemmu-, gemmi-

【来源及含义】Latin: bud

【同源单词】circumgemmal, gemma, gemmiferous, gemmiparous

词根词缀：genio-, geni-, geny-

【来源及含义】Greek: chin, jaw, cheek

【同源单词】genial, geniocheiloplasty, genioglossal, genioglossus, geniohyoid, genion

词根词缀：genu-, geni-, gen-

【来源及含义】Latin: knee

【同源单词】genicular, geniculate, geniculum, genu, genual, genuclast

词根词缀：geo-, ge-

【来源及含义】Greek: earth, land, soil; world; Gaia (Greek), Gaea (Latin), "earth goddess"

【相关词根词缀】Available for further enlightenment: the Earth, Words from the Myths.
Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】ageotropic, ageotropism, agrogeological, agrogeologist, agrogeology, amphigean

词根词缀：gephyr-, gephyro-

【来源及含义】Greek: bridge

【同源单词】gephyromania, gephyrophobia

词根词缀：ger-, ges-, gest-

【来源及含义】Latin: carry, produce; to bear

【相关描述】Don't confuse this ger- with another Greek gero-, ger- which means "old age".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related to "bear, carry, bring": duc-; -fer; later-, -lation; phoro-; port-.

【同源单词】autosuggestion, belligerence, belligerency, belligerent, belligerently, cobelligerent

词根词缀：germ-, germi-

【来源及含义】Latin: bud, sprout, a growing thing in its early stages

【同源单词】biological warfare, germ, germ cell, germfree, germicidal, germicide

词根词缀：german-, germano-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to the Teutonic people of central Europe [possibly from a Celtic word meaning "neighbor"], similar to Old Irish gair, "neighbor"; pertaining to Germany

【同源单词】Germania, Germanism, Germanist, germanize, Germanomania, Germanophile

词根词缀：gero-, geri-, ger-, geronto-, geront-

【来源及含义】Greek: old age, old man, old people; elder, elderly; senior citizen

【相关描述】Don't confuse this gero-, ger- with another Latin ger- which means "to carry, to produce; to bear".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "old; old age, elder" units: obsolesc-; presbyo-; sen-; veter-.

【同源单词】agerasia, eugeria, geranosis, geransis, gerascophobia, gerathymia

词根词缀：gibb-, gibbo-, gibboso-

【来源及含义】Latin: hump, humpbacked

【同源单词】gibbosity, gibbous, gibbus

词根词缀：giga-, gig-

【来源及含义】Greek: "giant"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】gigabit, gigabyte, gigacycle, gigaelectronvolt, gigaflop, gigahertz

词根词缀：giganto-, gigant-

【来源及含义】Greek: giant; giantlike; very large

【同源单词】gigantic, gigantism, gigantoblast, gigantocyte, gigantomachia, gigantomachy

词根词缀：gingivo-, gingiv-

【来源及含义】Latin: the gums of the mouth

【同源单词】gingiva, gingivae, gingival, gingivalgia, gingivectomy, gingivitis

词根词缀：glabr-, glab-, glabi-

【来源及含义】Latin: smooth, hairless

【同源单词】deglabrate, deglabrated, glabella, glabellad, glabellae, glabellar

词根词缀：glaci-

【来源及含义】Latin: ice

【相关词根词缀】Other related "ice" units: crystallo; grando-.

【同源单词】conglaciation, deglaciation, fluvioglacial, fluvioglacial, glacial till, glacial

词根词缀：gladi-

【来源及含义】Latin: sword

【同源单词】gladiatary, gladiate, gladiator, gladiatorial, gladiatorian, gladiatorism

词根词缀：gland-, glans-

【来源及含义】Latin: acorn; in medicine, gland, glans

【相关描述】Used in medicine to mean "gland", an aggregation of cells, specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Also, "glans" is a general term for a small rounded mass, or glandlike body. The plural of "glans" is "glandes".

【同源单词】axillary gland, biglandular, dysglandular, ecdysial gland, eglandulous, gland

词根词缀：glauc-, glauco-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a silvery color, or bluish green; gleaming, bright; gray

【同源单词】absolute glaucoma, aglaucopsia, air-block glaucoma, antiglaucoma, glaucescent, glaucine

词根词缀：glen-, glean-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make a collection; to gather what is left after the reapers

【同源单词】glean, gleanable, gleaned, gleaner, gleanings, ungleaned

词根词缀：glob-, glom-

【来源及含义】Latin: a round body, a ball; round, a sphere; the earth; "sphere" came from Latin globus, "round mass, sphere"; related to gleba, "clod, soil, land". Sense of "planet earth," or a three-dimensional map of it, appeared first in 1553

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-. Related ball, sphere-word units: hemoglobin-; sphero-.

【同源单词】agglomerate, agglomeration, agglomerative, aglobulia, aglobuliosis, calcoglobule

词根词缀：glori-, glor-

【来源及含义】Latin: great praise or honor; renown

【同源单词】ad gloriam, ad majorem dei gloriam, Cineri gloria sera venit, disglorify, Fax mentis honestae gloria, Fax mentis incendium gloriae

词根词缀：gluco-, gluc-, gluk-

【来源及含义】Greek: sweet, sweetness

【同源单词】cytoglucopenia, dextroglucose, glucogenic, glucohemia, glucokinetic, glucolysis

词根词缀：glut-

【来源及含义】Greek: buttock, butt, rump; muscles of the buttocks; sometimes, it means "round"

【同源单词】buttock, buttocks, gluteal, gluteal nerve, gluteal reflex, gluteal region

词根词缀：glut-, gluten-, glutin-

【来源及含义】Latin: glue, sticky substance which remains in flour when the starch is taken out

【同源单词】glutelin, gluten, gluten bread, gluten-casein, gluten-free diet, glutenin

词根词缀：glutto-, glutt-

【来源及含义】Latin: to swallow, to gulp down

【相关词根词缀】 Related "eat, eating" word units: brycho-; esculent-; esophago-; phago-; vor-. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "food, nutrition, nourishment": alimento-; broma-; carno-; cibo-; esculent-; sitio-; tropho-; Eating Crawling Snacks; Eating: Carnivorous-Plant "Pets"; Eating: Folivory or Leaf Eaters; Eating: Omnivorous.

【同源单词】deglutition, englut, glut, glut, glut, glutteny

词根词缀：glycer-, glycero-

【来源及含义】Greek: sweet; used in the specialized sense of "sweet, syrupy liquid"

【同源单词】boroglyceride, deglycerolize, glycerine, glycerogel, glycerogelatin, glycerol

词根词缀：glyco-, glyc-

【来源及含义】Greek: sweet, sugar

【同源单词】aglycon, aglycositosis, boroglyceride, deglycerolize, diglycerides, glycemia

词根词缀：gony-, gon-

【来源及含义】Greek: knee

【同源单词】gonarthritis, gonarthron, gonarthrotomy, gonitis, gonocampsis, gonybatia

词根词缀：gov-, gover-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to steer or to pilot a ship; to rule; a steersman

【相关描述】From Greek, kubernan, "to steer" and is related to words beginning with cyber-. From the Greek, Latin picked it up as gubernare, and guvernator, "to steer" or "to pilot a ship" from which we also get "gubernatorial".

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; agon-; arch-; -crat; dom-; magist-; poten-; regi-; tyran-.

【同源单词】antigovernment, extragovernmental, govern, governable, governance, governess

词根词缀：grand-

【来源及含义】Latin: large, great

【相关词根词缀】 Related "big, large, great" words: macro-; magni-; major-; maxi-; mega-; megalo-.

【同源单词】aggrandizable, aggrandization, aggrandize, aggrandizement, aggrandizer, gramercy

词根词缀：grando-, grandi-, grani-

【来源及含义】Latin: hail [ice], hail storm; sleet

【相关词根词缀】Other related "ice" units: crystallo; glaci-.

【同源单词】grandinosus, grandinous, granineus

词根词缀：granulo-, granul-, granuli-, gran-

【来源及含义】Latin: particle; grain, kernel

【同源单词】cum grano salis, filigree, garner, grain, granary, grange

词根词缀：grat-, gra-, grac-

【来源及含义】Latin: beloved, pleasing, dear, agreeable; grateful, thankful, pleased

【同源单词】agree, agreeable, agreeableness, agreeably, agreement, congratulate

词根词缀：grav-, griev-

【来源及含义】Latin: heavy, weighty

【同源单词】aggravate, aggravated, aggravation, aggrieve, aggrieved, aggrievedness

词根词缀：gravido-, gravid-

【来源及含义】Latin: pregnant, pregnancy [from grav-, heavy]

【相关词根词缀】Related "pregnant, pregnancy" word units: cyesio-, cyo-; cyo-.

【同源单词】decigravida, geodetic gravimetry, gravid, gravida, gravidic, gravidism

词根词缀：gurgit-, gurg-

【来源及含义】Latin: gurgitare, "to flood"; gurges, gurgitis, "the gullet, a gulf, the sea"; to surge, to flood; pour, glut, gorge; whirlpool, engulf; boiling liquid

【同源单词】aortic regurgitation, cardiac regurgitation, disapproving regurgitation, duodenal regurgitation, gurging, gurgitate

词根词缀：gust-, gusti-

【来源及含义】Latin: taste, tasting

【同源单词】ad gustum, chemical gustometry, De gustibus non est disputandum, degust, degustate, degustation

词根词缀：gutt-, gutti-, guttu-

【来源及含义】Latin: drop

【同源单词】gutta, guttate, guttatim, guttation, gutter, guttering

词根词缀：guttur-, gutturo-

【来源及含义】Latin: throat

【相关描述】 Here is a special article about the Neck and Throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; coll-; esophag-; laryng-; nuch-; trachel-.

【同源单词】guttur, guttural, guttural pulse, gutturalism, gutturalize, gutturize

词根词缀：gymno-, gymn-

【来源及含义】Greek: unclothed, bare, unclad, disrobed, undressed; naked, nude

【相关词根词缀】 A related "unclothed; uncovered" word family: nudo-, nudi-.

【同源单词】gymnanthous, gymnasiarch, gymnasiast, gymnasium, gymnast, gymnastic

词根词缀：gyp-, gip-

【来源及含义】Hindu: references to a wandering race of people who have called themselves and their language Romany

【同源单词】gyp joint, gyp, gypped, gypper, gypping, Gypsy

词根词缀：gyro-, gyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: turning, spinning, whirling, bend, circular motion; originally, "circle, curved, ring"

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ambi-; ampho-; circ-; circum-; cyclo-, -cycle; peri-. Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】autogyro, dextrogyral, dextrogyrate, dextrogyration, gyral, gyrate

词根词缀：habit-, hab-, -hibit; habili-, habil-

【来源及含义】Latin: dwell, live; have, hold; that which may be easily handled, suitable, fit, proper; clothe, clothing

【同源单词】ability, ability grouping, ability, able, able, ably

词根词缀：hagio-, hagi-

【来源及含义】Greek: sacred, holy; religious

【相关词根词缀】 Related "holy, sacred" word families: hiero-; icono-; sacro-; sanct-.

【同源单词】autohagiographer, autohagiography, hagiarchy, hagiocracy, hagiographa, hagiographal

词根词缀：halio-, hali-, halo-, hal-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: salt or "the sea"

【相关描述】Don't confuse this halio-, halo-, hal- unit with another hal- unit which means "breathe, breath".

【相关词根词缀】Related "salt" unit: sal-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】euhaline, euryhaline, halibios, halic, halicole, halicolous

词根词缀：hallu-

【来源及含义】Latin: great or big toe, the first digit of the foot

【相关描述】Also called pollex pedis, hallex, great toe, digitus primus, and digitus I

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "toes" and "fingers": dactylo-; digit-; phalang-.

【同源单词】hallucal, hallux, hallux dolorosus, hallux flexus, hallux malleus, hallux rigidus

词根词缀：hallucina-, hallucino-, hallucinat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to wander in mind, to dream

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; anxi-; deliri-; menti-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】hallucinate, hallucinated, hallucinates, hallucinating, hallucination, hallucinational

词根词缀：hamarto-, hamart-

【来源及含义】Greek: sin, to miss the mark; error; failure; that part of theology that deals with sin

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sin, sinful" word unit: pecca-.

【同源单词】hamartia, Hamartigenia, hamartiological, hamartiologist, hamartiology, hamartoblastoma

词根词缀：haplo-, hapl-

【来源及含义】Greek: simple, simply; single, once

【同源单词】haplobiont, Haplocanthosaurus, haplodermatitis, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy, haplodont

词根词缀：harmon-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a fitting together, joining, proportion, concord, agreement, musical harmony

【同源单词】anharmonic, contraharmonical, disharmonic, disharmonious, disharmonize, disharmony

词根词缀：harpago-, harpag-; harpacto-, harpact-; harpaxo-, harpax-

【来源及含义】Latin: seize, snatch, plunder; grappling hook, drag; seizure, robbery, rapine, booty; ravish

【同源单词】harpacticid, harpacticoid, Harpacticoida, harpactophagous, harpago, Harpagomyia splendens

词根词缀：haust-

【来源及含义】Latin: to draw out, to drink; to draw water, to swallow

【相关词根词缀】 Related "drink" units: bib-; dipso-; nectar-; poto-.

【同源单词】exhaust, exhaustible, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhaustively, exhaustiveness

词根词缀：hebdoma-

【来源及含义】Greek: seventh

【同源单词】hebdomad, hebdomadal, hebdomadary

词根词缀：hebe-, heb-

【来源及含义】Greek: youth, pubescence, puberty [the period during which the secondary characteristics of maturity begin to develop; by extension, a young man]

【相关描述】At the end of the first year the ephebians gave a display of their skill in military tactics and drills before the citizens of Athens in the state theater. At the close of this display each ephebian received a spear and a shield and took his oath of allegiance.

【同源单词】ephebe, ephebian, ephebiatrics, ephebic, ephebology, ephebus

词根词缀：hebet-, hebetu-

【来源及含义】Latin: blunt, dull; lethargy, lack of energy or interest in doing things

【同源单词】hebetant, hebetate, hebetate, hebetation, hebetative, hebetude

词根词缀：hecto-, hect-, hecato-, hecaton-, hekto-, hekt-

【来源及含义】Greek: a hundred; many; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】In the metric [decimal] system, hecto- is used to show whole units; a hundred [U.S.] and hundredfold [U.K.], 10 [100]. The metric symbol for hecto- is h.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】hecatophyllous, hectare, hectogram, hectograph, hectoliter, hectometer

词根词缀：helc-, helco-, elc-

【来源及含义】Greek: ulcer, sore

【同源单词】dacryelcosis, dacryohelcosis, helcodermatosis, helcoid, helcology, helcoma

词根词缀：helico-, helic-, helici-, heli-, helix-

【来源及含义】Greek: spiral, coil; twisted, bent; spiral-shaped; a coil; by extension, "snail"

【相关词根词缀】Other "coil" words are at this spiro- unit.

【同源单词】helical, helicase, heliciform, helicine, helicity, helicobacter

词根词缀：helio-, heli-

【来源及含义】Greek: sun

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sun" word family: sol-.

【同源单词】anheliophile, anheliophily, aphelion, apheliotropic, apheliotropism, diaheliotropic

词根词缀：helo- (nail)

【来源及含义】Greek: nail, stud, wart, corn

【同源单词】Heloderma, heloma, heloma durum, heloma molle, helosis, helotic

词根词缀：helo- (marsh)

【来源及含义】Greek: marsh, marshland

【同源单词】helobious, helodad, helodric, helogadophilous, helohylophilous, helolochmophilous

词根词缀：hemer-, hemero-

【来源及含义】Greek: day

【相关词根词缀】Another related "day" unit is located at this dies (DEE uhs) location.

【同源单词】cathemeral, Ephemera, ephemeral, ephemerality, ephemerally, ephemeralness

词根词缀：hemi-

【来源及含义】Greek: half

【同源单词】hemialgia, hemianalgesia, hemianesthesia, hemianopsia, hemianoptic, hemiatrophy

词根词缀：hemoglobin-, hemoglobino-, hemoglobini-

【来源及含义】Greek: "blood " plus Latin: "sphere, ball"; oxygen-carrying protein of the red corpuscles

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving "blood" word units: angi-; apheresis; -emia; hemo-; phleb-; sangui-; vas-; vascul-. Related ball, sphere-word units: glob-, glom-; sphero-.

【同源单词】hemoglobin, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinolysis, hemoglobinometer, hemoglobinometry, hemoglobinopathy

词根词缀：hendeca-, hendec-

【来源及含义】Greek: eleven

【同源单词】hendecacolic, hendecagon, hendecagonal, hendecagram, hendecagynous, hendecahedral

词根词缀：heno-, hen-

【来源及含义】Greek: one; used as a prefix

【同源单词】hendiadys, henism, henogenesis, henogeny, henopoeia, henotheism

词根词缀：hepato-, hepat-, hepatico-

【来源及含义】Greek: liver

【同源单词】hepatalgia, hepatatrophia, hepatectomy, hepatic, hepaticoduodenostomy, hepaticoenterostomy

词根词缀：hepta-, hept-

【来源及含义】Greek: seven; normally used as a prefix

【同源单词】hebdomad, hebdomadal, hebdomadally, heptachord, heptachromic adjective, heptad

词根词缀：her-, hes-

【来源及含义】Latin: stick to, to stick, cling to, cleave to

【同源单词】adhere, adhered, adherence, adherence, adherency, adherent

词根词缀：herb-

【来源及含义】Latin: green crop, grass

【同源单词】herbaceous, herbage, herbal, herbarium, herbary, herbiferous

词根词缀：hered-, herit-

【来源及含义】Latin: heir; "he, or she, who obtains that which is left"

【同源单词】disinherit, disinheritance, heir, heir apparent, heirdom, heiress

词根词缀：heres-, heretic-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a taking, choosing, a choice; to take for oneself

【同源单词】hearsay, heresiarch, heresimach, heresimachia, heresimachy, heresiography

词根词缀：herm-, herme-

【来源及含义】Greek: Hermes, the son of Zeus and Maia, the god of commerce and messenger of the gods in Greek mythology; identified by the Romans as Mercury; however, some of the words in this unit come from Hermes tris megistos, Hermes Trismegistus, literally, "Hermes, Thrice the Greatest" referring to the Egyptian god Thoth, who was identified with the Greek god Hermes, of science and arts

【同源单词】herm, Hermanubis, hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic, hermeneutic, hermeneutical

词根词缀：hernio-, herni-

【来源及含义】Latin: protruded viscus; rupture; in the sense of "protrusion of tissue or part of an organ through an abnormal opening in the surrounding walls"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】diaphragmatic hernia, endoherniotomy, hernia, hernia of the brain, hernia of the lungs, hernia truss

词根词缀：herpeto-, herpet-, herp-

【来源及含义】Greek: creeping thing, reptile; snake

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "snakes or other reptiles": angui-; coluber-; ophio-; reptil-; sauro-.

【同源单词】batrachoherpetomachia, batrachoherpetomachy, batrochoherpetomachia, batrochoherpetomachy, herpecide, herpes

词根词缀：heter-, hetero-

【来源及含义】Greek: different, other, another, unlike; irregular, abnormal

【相关描述】This Greek element forms many scientific and other terms, often in opposition to homo-. Sometimes it is also the antonym of auto-, homoeo-, iso-, ortho-, and syn-.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; allelo-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】heteracanth, heteracanthous, heteracmy, heteradelphus, heteradenic, heteralius

词根词缀：hex-, hexa-

【来源及含义】Greek: six; a number used as a prefix

【同源单词】hexacanth, hexactinal, hexactine, hexacyclic, hexad, hexadactylia

词根词缀：hiat-; -hisc-

【来源及含义】Latin: to stand open, to split; opening, aperture, gap; to yawn

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】dehisce, dehiscence, dehiscent, hiant, hiatal, hiation

词根词缀：hiber-

【来源及含义】Latin: winter, wintered, wintry; it also refers to: sleep, sleeping; inactive, inactivity; dormant, dormancy [suspended animation or a lack of activity]

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】Animals, artificial hibernation, hibernacle, hibernaculum, hibernal, hibernate

词根词缀：hiero-, hier-

【来源及含义】Greek: sacred, holy; religious

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; dei-, div-; ecclesi-; fanati-; idol-; -olatry; theo-; zelo-. Related "holy, sacred" word families: hagio-; icono-; sacro-; sanct-.

【同源单词】hieralgia, hierarch, hierarchal, hierarchic, hierarchical, hierarchically

词根词缀：hilar-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: cheerful, gay, joyful, good spirits

【同源单词】accelerate, accelerator, exhilarant, exhilarate, exhilaratingly, exhilaration

词根词缀：hippo-, hipp-

【来源及含义】Greek: horse

【相关词根词缀】 Related horse-word units: caval-; equ-, equi-.

【同源单词】Eohippus, ephippium, hipparch, hipparchy, hippiater, hippiatric

词根词缀：hirco-, hirc-

【来源及含义】Latin: goat

【相关词根词缀】 Related goat-word units: aego-; capri-; tragico-.

【同源单词】Capra hircus, hircine, hircinous, hircism, hircismus, hircocervus

词根词缀：hirudin-, hirudi-, hirud-

【来源及含义】Latin: leech, leeches

【同源单词】hirudicidal, hirudicide, hirudin, Hirudinaria, hirudine, Hirudinea

词根词缀：histio-

【来源及含义】Greek: web, cloth, tissue

【相关描述】Many etymologically related words with the same family meanings with slightly different spellings are available at this histo- unit of words.

【同源单词】histiocyte, histiocytoma, histioid, histio-irritative, histionic, histocytosis

词根词缀：histo-, hist-, histi-

【来源及含义】Greek: tissue [web]; beam or warp of a loom; hence, that which is woven; a web or tissue; used in the sense of pertaining to [body] tissue

【同源单词】histaffine, histaminase, histamine, histamine blocking agent, histamine phosphate, histaminia

词根词缀：histor-, histori-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: historical narrative; past events, past knowledge

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": cogni-; discip-; gno-; intellect-; learn, know; math-; sap-; sci-; sopho-.

【同源单词】ahistorical, ethnohistorian, ethnohistoric, ethnohistorical, ethnohistory, future history

词根词缀：hodo-, hod-, od-

【来源及含义】Greek: way, a going, a traveling; road, path

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": electro-; galvano-; ion-; piezo-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.

【同源单词】anodal, anode, anodize, cathode, cathodic, cathodically

词根词缀：holo-, hol-

【来源及含义】Greek: whole, entire, complete

【同源单词】holandric, holandry, holism, holistic, holistically, holoantigen

词根词缀：homalo-, homal-

【来源及含义】Greek: even, level, smooth; used in the sense of "flat" or "plane"

【同源单词】geodetic leveling, homalambulophobia, homalocephalous, homalocephalus, homalograph, homaloidal

词根词缀：homeo-, homoeo-, homio-, homoio-

【来源及含义】Greek: same, like, resembling, sharing in common, similar, equal

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】homeocephalic, homeogeneous, homeogenesis, homeokinesis, homeometric, homeomorphic

词根词缀：homil-, homilo-

【来源及含义】Greek: sermon; meeting, assembly

【同源单词】homilarium, homilary, homiletic, homiletics, homilist, homilophobia

词根词缀：homo-, hom-

【来源及含义】Greek: same, equal, like, similar, common; one and the same

【相关描述】This Greek prefix forms many scientific and other terms, often in opposition to hetero-. Don’t confuse this Greek homo- element with the Latin homo- which means “mankind”.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】homatomic, homeomorphous, homeozoic, homobaric, homobium, homocarpous

词根词缀：homo-, hom-, hum-

【来源及含义】Latin: human beings, mankind; literally, "man, men"; however, it now also includes, "woman, women" or all of humanity

【相关描述】This Latin homo- is related to humus, "earth" or "born" and so it is said to mean "earthly being" or "born of the earth" and it refers to all of humanity. Don't confuse this Latin homo- with the Greek homo- that means "same" or "equal".

【相关词根词缀】Links to other units that include the topic of "man", "mankind":
andro-; anthropo-; vir-.

【同源单词】ad hominem, Anno humanae salutis, Anno humanae salutis, argumentum ad hominem, Artes, Christo et humanitati

词根词缀：honor-, hono-, honest-

【来源及含义】Latin: honor, honesty

【同源单词】dishonest, dishonestly, dishonesty, dishonor, dishonorable, dishonorableness

词根词缀：hor-, horr-

【来源及含义】Latin: bristling, rough, roughness; rudeness; shaking, tremble, trembling, shutter; shock; disgust, hatred; resulting in horror, horrid, etc.

【同源单词】abhor, abhorred, abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrently, abhorrer

词根词缀：horme-

【来源及含义】Greek: from ancient Greek hormáein [hormein], "to set in motion, impel, urge on"

【同源单词】hormesis, hormetic

词根词缀：hormo-, hormono-

【来源及含义】Greek: to rouse or to set in motion

【同源单词】ectohormone, hormonal, hormone, hormonogenesis, hormonology, hormonoprivia

词根词缀：horo-, hour-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: hour, time; period of time, season, any limited time

【相关词根词缀】 Related "time" units: aevum, evum; archaeo-, archeo-; Calendars; chrono-; pre-; Quotes: Time; tempo-.

【同源单词】bihourly, encore, horography, horologe, horologic, horologiography

词根词缀：hort-

【来源及含义】Latin: to encourage, to urge strongly

【同源单词】abhort, adhortation, dehort, dehortation, dehortative, dehortatory

词根词缀：horti-

【来源及含义】a garden, of a garden, a gardener; enclosed space, enclosure

【同源单词】cohort, court, courtesan, electrohorticulture, horticole, horticolous

词根词缀：hospit-, hosp-, host-

【来源及含义】Latin: guest, host

【同源单词】hospice, hospitable, hospitableness, hospitably, hospital, hospitaler

词根词缀：hosti-, host-

【来源及含义】Latin: enemy

【同源单词】host, hostile, hostilely, hostilities, hostility, hostilize

词根词缀：hubris-

【来源及含义】Greek: wanton violence, riotousness, insolence; outrage; arrogance

【相关描述】Borrowed from Greek hybristikos, "insolent, wanton", from hybrizein, "to insult, to act outrageously", from hybris, "wanton violence, insolence".

【同源单词】hubris, hubristic, hubristically

词根词缀：humero-, humer-

【来源及含义】Latin: shoulder, upper arm; pertaining to the bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

【同源单词】acromiohumeral, fracture of the humerus, humeral, humeroradial, humeroscapular, humeroulner

词根词缀：humid-, humor-

【来源及含义】Latin: moist, moisture, wet, damp

【相关描述】The correct spelling of the Latin origins is umor, umere, umidus. The spelling with the initial h is a result of folk (false) etymology, which once associated these words with Latin humus, "earth".

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: faceti-; farc-; jocu-; lud-; satir-.

【同源单词】dehumidify, humid, humidification, humidifier, humidify, humidistat

词根词缀：humus, hum-

【来源及含义】Latin: earth, ground, soil

【同源单词】disinhume, Errare humanum est, exhumation, exhume, fracture of the humerus, humble

词根词缀：hyalo-, hyal-

【来源及含义】Greek: glass, glassy; transparent; pertaining to the vitreous humor or surrounding membrane

【同源单词】angiohyalinosis, crystallophobia, hyalescent, hyalesence, hyaline, hyalinization

词根词缀：hydat-

【来源及含义】Greek: water

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that refer to "water": aqua-; hydro-; hygro-.

【同源单词】hydathode, hydatid, hydatidiform, hydatidosis, hydatidostomy, hydatiduria

词根词缀：hydro-, hydra-, hydr-, hyd-

【来源及含义】Greek: water

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that refer to "water": aqua-; hydat-; hygro-.

【同源单词】ahydrotaxis, anhydrase, anhydration, anhydride, anhydrobiosis, anhydrous

词根词缀：hyeni-, hye-, hyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: pig; swine

【同源单词】hyaena, hyena, hyenal, hyeniform, hyoscine, hyoscyamine

词根词缀：hyeto-, hyet-

【来源及含义】Greek: rain, rain fall; heavy shower

【同源单词】hyetograph, hyetographical, hyetographics, hyetography, hyetological, hyetologist

词根词缀：hygieio-, hygiei-, hygio-, hygi-

【来源及含义】Greek: health, healthy, healthful, wholesome, sound [in body]

【相关词根词缀】 Related "health" word families and articles: Health: Index; Hygeia > hygiene > health; iatro-, -iatrician; salu-; sana-, sani-.

【同源单词】antihygienic, Hygeia, hygeian, hygeiolatry, hygeist, hygiastic

词根词缀：hygro-, hygr-

【来源及含义】Greek: moist, moisture, wet, damp

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that refer to "water": aqua-; hydat-; hydro-.

【同源单词】aerohygrophilous, aerohygrophobe, aerohygrophobia, aerohygrophobous, aerohygrophoby, barothermohygrogram

词根词缀：hylo-, hyle-, hyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: wood, forest, substance, matter; material, materialism

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wood" word units: ligni-; xylo-.

【同源单词】helodad, hylacolous, hyle, hylephobia, hylergography, hylic

词根词缀：hymen-, hymeno-

【来源及含义】Greek: membrane, skin; virginal membrane; hymen originally denoted any membrane

【相关描述】Hymen was the god of marriage in Greek mythology and it was a refrain of the song sung at the marriages of the ancient Greeks. In its present specific meaning, it was first used by Vesalius in 1550.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】hymen, hymenal, hymeneal, hymenectomy, hymenia, hymenitis

词根词缀：hyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: denoting u-shaped [upsilon-shaped]; hyoid bone, literally, "mere" or "simple" y, ypsilon

【同源单词】hyoepiglottic, hyoglossal, hyoglossus, hyoid, hyolaryngeal, hyomandibular

词根词缀：hypengy-, hypengyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: liable, accountable, responsible

【同源单词】hypengiaphobia

词根词缀：hyper-, hyp-

【来源及含义】Greek: above, over; excessive; more than normal; abnormal excess [in medicine]; abnormally great or powerful sensation [in physical or pathological terms]; highest [in chemical compounds]

【相关词根词缀】 Related "above, over, beyond the normal, excessive" word units: epi-; super-, supra-, sur; ultra-, ult-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】acrohyperhidrosis, adenohypersthenia, alcoholemia, angiohypertonia, auditory hyperesthesia, bathyhyperesthesia

词根词缀：hypno-, hypn-

【来源及含义】Greek: sleep

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sleep" units: dorm-; letho-; narco-; oneiro- (dream); somni-; sopor-.

【同源单词】ahypnia, ahypnosis, anhypnia, antihypnotic, archehypnotic, autohypnosis

词根词缀：hypo-, hyp-

【来源及含义】Greek: under, below, beneath; less than; too little; deficient, diminished; used as a prefix

【同源单词】acoustic hypoesthesia, acrohypothermia, acrohypothermy, adenohypophysis, adenohypophysitis, angiohypotonia

词根词缀：hypso-, hyps-, hypsi-

【来源及含义】Greek: high, highest, height; on high

【同源单词】hypsicephalic, hypsithermal, hypsodont, hypsographic, hypsographical, hypsography

词根词缀：hysteres-, hystere-

【来源及含义】Greek: shortcoming, deficiency; to be behind, to come late, to lag; later

【相关描述】This hesteres unit of words is not related to a similarly spelled hystero- unit of words referring to the "womb" or "uterus"; and hysteria.

【同源单词】hysteresis, hysteresis clutch, hysteresis coefficient, hysteresis coupling, hysteresis cycle, hysteresis error

词根词缀：hystero-, hyster-, hysteri-

【来源及含义】Greek: the womb or uterus; hysteria

【相关描述】"Hysteric disturbances", that most frequently occur in women were ascribed erroneously by ancient Greeks to the influence of the womb and were, for this reason, called hysteria, "disease of the womb".

This hestero- unit is not related to a similarly spelled hysteres- unit of words referring to "shortcoming, deficiency; to be behind, to come late, to lag; later".

【同源单词】colpohysteropexy, colpohysterotomy, electrohysterogram, electrohysterography, epidemic hysteria, hesteriac

词根词缀：ichno-, ichn-

【来源及含义】Greek: track, trace, footprint; pertaining to fossil footprints

【同源单词】ichneutic, ichnite, ichnocoenosis, ichnofauna, ichnoflora, ichnofossil

词根词缀：ichor-

【来源及含义】Greek: fluid [distinct from blood] that flows through the veins of the gods; by extension, "watery part of blood or milk," used in the sense of "thin, serous or sanious fluid, especially from a wound or sore"

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】ichor, ichorhemia, ichoroid, ichorous, ichorous pus, ichorrhemia

词根词缀：ichthyo-, ichthy-, -ichth-

【来源及含义】Greek: fish

【同源单词】ichthic, ichthism, ichthus, ichthyarchy, ichthyoacanth, ichthyoacanthotoxin

词根词缀：icono-, icon-

【来源及含义】Greek: image, likeness; form of a person or object; a sacred, holy, or religious representaion

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": eido-; figur-; form-; ideo-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-. Related "holy, sacred" word families: hagio-; hiero-; sacro-; sanct-.

【同源单词】aniconia, aniconic, aniconism, aniconist, icomach, icomaniac

词根词缀：icosa-, icos-, icosi-, eicosa-

【来源及含义】Greek: the number twenty; used as a prefix

【同源单词】icosacolic, icosahedron, icosandrous, icosanoid, icosasemic, icosian

词根词缀：icter-, ictero-

【来源及含义】Greek: jaundice

【同源单词】anicteric, antiicteric, icteric, icterical, icteritous, icteroanemia

词根词缀：identi-, ident-

【来源及含义】Latin: the same, sameness

【同源单词】identic, identical, identically, identicalness, identifiable, identification

词根词缀：ideo-

【来源及含义】Greek: idea, form, appearance; class, species, model; general principle

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": eido-; figur-; form-; icono-; imag-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】ideaphobia, ideocracy, ideofact, ideoglandular, ideogram, ideogrammatic

词根词缀：idio-

【来源及含义】Greek: peculiar, one's own, personal, private; of or pertaining to one's self, distinct, separate, alone

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "individual, personal": pecu-; privat-, priv-.

【同源单词】idioagglutinin, idiobiology, idioblast, idiocaucasian, idiochlotic, idiochromatic

词根词缀：idol-, idolo-

【来源及含义】Latin: image, likeness, specter, apparition

【相关描述】From Greek eido-, form, shape.

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; dei-, div-; ecclesi-; fanati-; hiero-; -olatry; theo-; zelo-. Related image, likeness, figure unit: icon-.

【同源单词】idol, idolater, idolatress, idolatrize, idolatrized, idolatrous

词根词缀：ign-, igni-, ignis-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire, burn

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】Ab igne ignem, autoignition, gelignite, igneous, ignescent, ignible

词根词缀：ile-, ileo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: groin, flank, lower part of the body; gut, bowels, abdomen, loins

【相关描述】A combining form that denotes the ileum or the lower section of the small intestine.

From Greek eileos, verbal of eilein, to roll or twist up tightly; once used interchangeably with ilium, but later referred to the entire intestine; the last division of the small intestine.

【同源单词】gastroileostomy, ileocecal, ileocecostomy, ileocecum, ileocolic, ileocolitis

词根词缀：ili-

【来源及含义】Latin: flank, hip

【同源单词】gastroileostomy, ileitis, ileocecal, ileocecostomy, ileocecum, ileocolic

词根词缀：ili-, ilio-

【来源及含义】Latin: hip bone

【相关描述】A combining form denoting the illium or one of the broad upper bones of the pelvis.

【同源单词】iliococcygeal, iliocolotomy, iliocostal, iliodorsal, iliofemoral, iliofemoroplasty

词根词缀：imag-, imagi-

【来源及含义】Latin: representation, likeness, picture, appearance, idea

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "form, shape, appearance": eido-; figur-; form-; icono-; ideo-; morpho-; -oid; typo-.

【同源单词】afterimage, image, imageable, imageless, imager, imagery

词根词缀：imitat-

【来源及含义】Latin: copy, duplicate, repeat, represent

【同源单词】imitate, imitation, imitational, imitative, imitatively, imitativeness

词根词缀：immuno-

【来源及含义】Latin: unbound, free from, pure; pertaining to protection against or freedom from disease

【同源单词】coctoimmunogen, electroimmunodiffusion, immunodiagnosis, immunohistochemistry, immunology, immunopotence

词根词缀：in-1

【来源及含义】Latin: no, not [ig-, il-, im-, ir-]

【相关描述】This in-, "not", becomes i- before gn, as with "ignore"; il- before l, as with illiterate; im- before b, m; and p, as with imbalance, immiscible, impecunious; and ir- before r, as with irrefragable.

Don't confuse this Latin prefix, in-¹, meaning "not", with another Latin prefix in-² meaning "in, into, within, inside, on, toward" or with the prefix for English-origin words in-³ meaning "in, into; within".

【同源单词】ignorance, illiterate, imbalance, immaculate, immature, immovable

词根词缀：in-2

【来源及含义】Latin: in, into, within, inside, on, toward [il-, ir-, im-], in, into, etc.: include, incur, invade; also, used intensively, as in the words inflame and inflammable, or without perceptible force.

【相关描述】The in- changes or is assimilated to il- before l, as with "illuminate", to im- before b, as with "imbibe"; before m, as with "immediate"; before p, as with "implant"; and to ir- before r, as with "irrigate".

The form generally remains unassimilated in words formed in English; such as, inbreed.

Don't confuse this in-², meaning "in, into, within", etc. with the Latin prefix in-¹ meaning "not" nor with the prefix for English-origin words in-³ meaning "in, into; within".

【同源单词】illuminate, imbibe, immigrate, import, inaugurate, incalescent

词根词缀：in-3

【来源及含义】Old English, Middle English: in, into; within; toward; a prefix used in front of English words, not Latin or Greek elements; as in the words, indoors and inland

【相关描述】Don't confuse this in-³, meaning "in, into; within", with another in-² Latin prefix meaning "in, into, within, inside, on, toward" or with the Latin prefix in-¹ meaning "not".

【同源单词】inarm, inbeing, inboard, inborn, inbound, inbreathe

词根词缀：incret-, increto-

【来源及含义】Latin: internal secretion, especially by the endocrine glands or a gland

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; inter-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-.

【同源单词】incretin, incretion, incretology, incretopathy, incretory, incretory gland

词根词缀：indigen-

【来源及含义】Latin: belonging to a country; born in a country; native to a geographical area

【同源单词】indigen, indigenization, indigenous, indigenously, indigenousness

词根词缀：indulge-

【来源及含义】Latin: to be lenient [toward], accede, take pleasure [in]; originally, "to be kind, kindness; to be long-suffering, to be patient"

【同源单词】autoindulgence, indulge, indulged, indulgement, indulgence, indulgenced

词根词缀：infra-, infero-, infer-

【来源及含义】Latin: under, below, beneath

【同源单词】anteroinferior, inferior, inferiority, inferiorly, infernal, infernally

词根词缀：infundibul-, infundibulo-, infundibuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: funnel; literally, "the [little] thing into which something is poured"; a funnel-shaped organ of the body

【同源单词】infundibular, infundibular canal, infundibular ganglion, infundibulate, infundibulectomy, infundibuliform

词根词缀：inguin-, inguino-; inguen-, ingueno-

【来源及含义】Latin: groin

【同源单词】granuloma inguinale, infrainguinal, inguen, inguenalgia, inguinal, inguinal bubo

词根词缀：ino-, in-

【来源及含义】Greek: force, strength; seat of strength; muscle, sinew; fibrous vessel in a muscle

【同源单词】inoblast, inogen, inogenesis, inogenous, inoglia, inohymenitis

词根词缀：insecto-, insect-, insecti-

【来源及含义】Latin: a bug; literally, "cut into," from insectum, with a notched or divided body; literally, "that which is cut up, segmented" [as the bodies of the first invertebrates to which the term was applied or appeared to be]

【相关词根词缀】 An entomological unit of words about insects.
A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】disinsectization, insect, Insect Biotechnology, Insecta, insectarian, insectarium

词根词缀：integ-

【来源及含义】Latin: whole, complete

【同源单词】Ab integro, beta decay, biological integrity, biomass, deintegrate, disintegrate

词根词缀：intellect-, intellig-

【来源及含义】Latin: know, learn

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": cogni-; discip-; gno-; histor-; learn, know; math-; sap-; sci-; sopho-.

【同源单词】counterintelligence, Damnant quod non intelligunt, electronic intelligence, intellect, intellectual, intellectual narcissism

词根词缀：inter-, intero-

【来源及含义】Latin: between; among, mutually, together; on the inside, internal

【相关描述】Although abstracted from the many compounds in which it entered English, the form inter- was not generally considered a living prefix in English until the 1400s.

During the later period of Middle English many words borrowed in the Old and Middle French forms entre-, enter- began to be consciously respelled with Latin inter-; although vestiges of the older French borrowings are found in entertain and enterprise.

The living prefix inter- is now freely added to almost any element in English to create such formations with the meaning of "between" and "among". The words formed by intra- are closely related to this inter- prefix; in fact, they both apparently came from the same Latin source.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "together" units: com-; greg-; struct-. Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; incret-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-.

【同源单词】ad interim, anterointernal, Caput inter nubila condit, electrical interference, electron compound, inter canem et lupum

词根词缀：intimat-1

【来源及含义】Latin: close friend; close relationship or knowledge

【同源单词】intimacy, intimate, intimately, intimateness

词根词缀：intimat-2

【来源及含义】Latin: to suggest indirectly, to hint

【同源单词】intimate, intimated, intimater, intimates, intimation

词根词缀：intra-

【来源及含义】Latin: within, inside, on the inside

【相关描述】Borrowed from late Latin intra-; closely related to inter-, "between". The use of intra- is largely a product of modern times, occurring in words of common and technical vocabulary, where once it was generally a term used in science and the academic world.

While some words are borrowings from Medieval and even Late Latin, few if any come from Classical Latin.

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; incret-; inter-; splanchn-; viscer-.

【同源单词】Ab intra, abdominohysterotomy, Discere si cupias intra, endopelvic, international, intra muros

词根词缀：intro-

【来源及含义】Latin: within, inside, into, in, inward

【相关描述】Borrowed from Latin intro-, from pre-Latin interos, from inter-,"between".

【同源单词】introduce, introduced, introducer, introduction, introductive, introductory

词根词缀：io-

【来源及含义】Greek: 1. Io, daughter of the river god, Inachus. 2. An arrow; poison, rust

【同源单词】Io, iophobia

词根词缀：iod-, iodo-

【来源及含义】Modern Latin: 1. iodine. 2. the color violet

【同源单词】iodide, iodinate, iodination, iodine, iodine deficiency, iodine excess

词根词缀：ion, ion-

【来源及含义】Greek: ion, "going"; neuter present participle of ienai, "to go"; because an ion moves toward the electrode of an opposite charge

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": electro-; galvano-; hodo-; piezo-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.

【同源单词】aeroionization, atmospheric ionization, avalanche ionization, carbonium ion, dipolar ion, heavy ion

词根词缀：ipse, ipsi-, ipso-

【来源及含义】Latin: self

【同源单词】ipsative, ipse dixit, ipsefact, ipsilateral, ipsilaterally, ipsissima verba

词根词缀：ira-, iras-, ire-

【来源及含义】Latin: anger, wrath, rage; enraged, furious

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "anger, angry; rage, wrath, fury; rave": fur-, furi-; lysso-; mania-; rab-, rav-.

【同源单词】Ab irato, irascibility, irascible, irascibleness, irascibly, irate

词根词缀：irido-, irid-, iri-, iris-

【来源及含义】Greek: iris [relating to the eye]; the rainbow; colored circle, colored portion of the eye [originally, "something bent or curved"]

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】iridaceous, iridadenosis, iridalgia, iridauxesis, iridectasis, iridectome

词根词缀：iron-, ironi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > Old French > French: pretended ignorance; saying the opposite of what a person really means

【相关描述】From Greek eironeia to Latin ironia to Old French to French ironie which signified "deliberately pretending ignorance, particularly as a rhetorical device to get the better of one's opponent in an argument".

【同源单词】bitter irony, dramatic irony, iron, ironic, ironical, ironically

词根词缀：irrita-

【来源及含义】Latin: to anger; to excite, to stimulate, to stir up, to provoke

【同源单词】abirritant, abirritate, abirritation, counteriritation, histio-irritative, hyperirritability

词根词缀：ischi-, ischio-

【来源及含义】Greek: hip, hip-joint, hip-bone; haunch

【同源单词】ischialgia, ischiectomy, ischiodidymus, ischiodynia, ischioneuralgia, ischionitis

词根词缀：ischo-, isch-

【来源及含义】Greek: check, stop, keep back, suppress; suppression

【同源单词】ischocholia, ischochymia, ischogalactia, ischogalactic, ischomenia, ischospermia

词根词缀：iso-, is-

【来源及含义】Greek: equal; by extension: same, similar, alike; normally used as a prefix

【相关描述】Used in numerous terms, nearly all scientific; denoting: equality, similarity, uniformity, or identity; the second element being properly and usually of Greek origin, rarely of Latin [the proper prefix in the latter case being equi-]. In biology, denoting for or from different individuals of the same species). For a large list of iso- opposites or antonyms, see aniso-.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】chronoisothermal, geoisotherm, isacoustic, isadelphous, isallobar, isallobaric

词根词缀：isopter-

【来源及含义】Greek: termites

【相关词根词缀】Another termite unit: termit-.
A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Isoptera, isopteran, isopterophobia, isopterous

词根词缀：isthm-, isthmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: narrow passage or ridge; narrow passage or strip [especially of bodily tissue] connecting two larger entities

【同源单词】isthmectomy, isthmian, isthmoid, isthmoparalysis, isthmoplegia, isthmospasm

词根词缀：itera-, iter-

【来源及含义】Latin: again; to do over a second time, to repeat, to say again

【同源单词】iterance, iterancy, iterant, iterate, iterated, iteration

词根词缀：ithyo-, ithy-

【来源及含义】Greek: straight

【同源单词】ithyfacient, ithygenic, ithyphallalgia, ithyphallophobia

词根词缀：jacent-, jacen-

【来源及含义】Latin: to lie, to rest

【相关描述】Directly related to the jacere family of words, meaning "to throw, to hurl".

【同源单词】adjacent, adjacently, circumjacent, gist, interjacent, subjacency

词根词缀：jan-, jani-, janu-

【来源及含义】Latin: door, entrance; gate

【同源单词】janiceps, janitor, janitrix, January, Janus

词根词缀：jaundi-, jaun-

【来源及含义】Latin: originally galbinus, "greenish yellow" related to galbanus, "yellow" then formed with the intrusive d; from Old French jaunice, jaunisse from jaune, "yellow"

【同源单词】bejaundice, jaundice, jaundiced, pseudojaundice, yellow fever

词根词缀：jejuno-, jejun-

【来源及含义】Latin: the fasting [intestine], the portion of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum [so named because early anatomists typically found this organ to be empty in dissection]; original meaning, "hungry, not partaking of food"

【同源单词】duodenojejunostomy, esophagojejunogastrostomosis, esophagojejunoplasty, esophagojejunostomy, jejunal, jejunectomy

词根词缀：jet-, -ject, -jecting, -jected, -jection, -jector, -jectory; jacu-, jac-

【来源及含义】Latin: throw, send, fling, hurl, cast; gush; spurt

【同源单词】abject, abjection, abjectly, abjectness, adjectival, adjectival

词根词缀：jocu-, jocul-; jocund-

【来源及含义】Latin: joke, joking, jesting, humorous; cheerful and full of good humor

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: faceti-; farc-; humor-; lud-; satir-.

【同源单词】jewel, jocose, jocoserious, jocular, jocularity, jocularly

词根词缀：jubil-

【来源及含义】Hebrew, jobel, literally, "ram"; from the ram's horn with which the year of celebration was proclaimed; from Latin jubilaeus (annus), "year of jubilee".

【同源单词】diamond jubilee, golden jubilee, jubilance, jubilancy, jubilant, jubilantly

词根词缀：jud-, judic-

【来源及含义】Latin: decide, determine a result; declare to be; right and power to interpret the law

【相关描述】Directly related to the jus-, just-, jur- unit.

【同源单词】adjudge, adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicator, argumentum ad judicium, district judge

词根词缀：junct-, jug-, join-

【来源及含义】Latin: link, unite, yoke; bring together, meet, merge, engage in; combine

【同源单词】actinic conjunctivitis, actinic keratoconjunctivitis, adjoin, adjoin, adjunct, adjunct

词根词缀：juris-

【来源及含义】Latin: law

【同源单词】alternate juror, corpus iuris, jurisconsult, jurisconsultus, jurisdiction, jurisdictional

词根词缀：jus-, just-, jur-

【来源及含义】Latin: right, upright, equitable; legal right, law

【相关描述】Directly related to the jud-, judic- unit.

【同源单词】abjure, abjure, abjurer, adjuration, adjuratory, adjure

词根词缀：jut-, juv-

【来源及含义】Latin: help, give assistance

【同源单词】adjutancy, adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, adjuvant

词根词缀：juven-, juv-

【来源及含义】Latin: young, youthful

【同源单词】anilojuvenogamist, anilojuvenogamous, anilojuvenogamy, junior, juvenal, Juvenal

词根词缀：juxta-, juxt-

【来源及含义】Latin: beside; close by, close to, near; adjoining; proximity; to come together, to meet

【同源单词】jostle, jostle, joust, joust, joust, juxt

词根词缀：kary-, karyo-, cary-, caryo-

【来源及含义】Greek: nut, walnut; kernel; cell, cell nucleus

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to "cell, cells, cell nucleus": celli-; cellulo-; cyto-; endothelio-; gameto-; glio-; neuro-.

【同源单词】amphikaryon, anisokaryosis, arrhenokaryon, asymmetric karyokinesis, caryochrome, caryofecia

词根词缀：kathis-, cathis-, kathiso-, cathiso-

【来源及含义】Greek: to sit; sitting

【同源单词】acathistus, akathisia, kathisomania, kathisophobia

词根词缀：kato-, cato-

【来源及含义】Greek: down, downwards, below, underneath

【同源单词】catatropia, catodont, katolysis, katophoria, katotropia

词根词缀：kedo-, ked-, cedo-, cedno-

【来源及含义】Greek: worry, anxiety, care, grief, trouble, to be concerned for; protector, guardian, most worthy of care

【同源单词】kedocratic, kedogenic, kedogenous, kedophysic, kedophysis, kedotherapy

词根词缀：keratin-

【来源及含义】Greek: containing, or derived from keratin, a highly insoluble scleroprotein that is the main constituent of horny tissues, the nails, and the organic matrix of tooth enamel; derived from Greek kera[s], kerat[os], "horn"

【同源单词】eukeratin, hyperkeratinization, keratin, keratinization, keratinize, keratinoid

词根词缀：kilo-, kil-

【来源及含义】Greek: one thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements and representing 10³ or 1 000

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】kilo, kiloampere, kilobaud, kilobit, kilobytes, kilocalorie

词根词缀：koly-, coly-

【来源及含义】Greek: hinder, inhibiting, to cut short, stop

【同源单词】kolypeptic, kolyphrenia, kolyseptic, kolytic

词根词缀：kopo-, kop-, copo-, cop-

【来源及含义】Greek: weariness, fatigue, exhaustion

【同源单词】copiopia, copodyskinesia, copophobia

词根词缀：kymo-, kym-

【来源及含义】Greek: wave, sprout; swollen

【同源单词】kymatology, kymocyclograph, kymogram, kymograph x-ray, kymography, kymoscope

词根词缀：kyph-, kypho-, cyph-, cypho-

【来源及含义】Greek: bent; humped, humpbacked

【同源单词】cyrtosis, ithyokyphosis, kyphophobia, kyphoplasty, kyphorrhinos, kyphosis

词根词缀：labio-, labi-, labr-

【来源及含义】Latin: lip, lips

【同源单词】bilabial, chasmalabia, labia, labial, labiate, labiodental

词根词缀：labor-, laborat-

【来源及含义】Latin: work, toil

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: argo-; ergasio-; ergo-; oper-; pono-; urg-.

【同源单词】arte et labore, belabor, belabored, belaboring, belabors, Child labor in Guatemala

词根词缀：labyrinth-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: maze; the inner ear

【同源单词】hemilabyrinthectomy, labyrinth, labyrinthectomy, labyrinthian, labyrinthici, labyrinthiform

词根词缀：lachan-, lachano-

【来源及含义】Greek: vegetable, of vegetables

【同源单词】lachanophobia, lachanopolist, lachanopoly

词根词缀：laconi-, lacon-

【来源及含义】Latin: concise, abrupt; literally, resembling the style of the Lacedaemonians or Spartans

【同源单词】Laconian, Laconic, laconic, laconical, laconically, laconicism

词根词缀：lacrimo-, lacrim-, lacri-, lachrymo-, lacrym-, lacrymi-, lachry-

【来源及含义】Latin: a tear, or tears [from the eyes]; as when crying, etc.

【相关词根词缀】Related "tear, tears from the eyes" word unit: dacryo-, dacry-.

【同源单词】lachrymation, lachrymatory, lachrymist, lachrymose, lachrymosely, lachrymosity

词根词缀：lacto-, lact-, lacti-

【来源及含义】Latin: milk

【相关词根词缀】 Related "milk" unit: galacto-.

【同源单词】ablactation, lactagog, lactagogue, Lactarius, lactase, lactate

词根词缀：lacun-, lacuno-

【来源及含义】Latin: small pit, gap

【同源单词】cartilage lacuna, lacuna, lacunar, lacunose, lacunule

词根词缀：lamelli-, lamell-

【来源及含义】Latin: thin plate or layer

【同源单词】bilamellate, circumferential lamella, lamella, lamellar, lamellasome, lamellibranch

词根词缀：lamino-, lamin-, lamina-, lamn- lamell-

【来源及含义】Latin: thin plate or layer; the neurophysis of a vertebra

【同源单词】lamina, laminitis, scopolamine

词根词缀：lampr-, lampro-

【来源及含义】Greek: bright, clear

【同源单词】lamprablepsia, lamprophonia, lamprophonic, lamprophony, lamprophyre

词根词缀：lan-, lano-

【来源及含义】Latin: wool

【同源单词】anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, lanose

词根词缀：lapar-, laparo-

【来源及含义】Greek: the soft part of the body between the ribs and the hip, flank, loin; denotes the flank or loins and the abdominal wall or a part of the abdomen

【相关描述】Sometimes this element is used loosely (even incorrectly) as a reference to the abdomen in general.

【同源单词】cystidolaparotomy, hemiolaparotomy, herniolaparotomy, laparacolpotomy, laparectomy, laparocele

词根词缀：lapid-, lapis-

【来源及含义】Latin: stone, rock

【相关词根词缀】 Related "stone, rock" word families: litho-; petro-; saxi-; stele-.

【同源单词】dilapidate, dilapidated, dilapidation, elapidation, inlapidate, lapidarion

词根词缀：laps-, lab-

【来源及含义】Latin: to slip, to fall; to glide

【同源单词】atmospheric lapse rate, colapsar, collapse delirium, collapse, collapsible, collapsion

词根词缀：larcen-, latro-

【来源及含义】Latin: theft, robbery, felony; from latrocinium, service of mercenaries; freebooting, robbery; latro-, a mercenary soldier, or a robber

【同源单词】felony larceny, grand larceny, larcener, larcenist, larcenous, larcenously

词根词缀：larg-, largi-

【来源及含义】Latin: largus, ample, abundant, copious, generous; large

【同源单词】at large, in large part, large, largely, largeness, larger

词根词缀：larvi-, larv-

【来源及含义】Latin: insect in its grub stage; from Latin larva, "mask" and by extension, "ghost", the idea being that an insect in its grub stage is merely a ghost of its future self and bears no resemblance to its future form

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】larva, larval, larvate, larvicide, larvicole, larviparous

词根词缀：laryng-, laryngo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Modern Latin: throat, upper part of the windpipe; the vocal-chord area of the throat; the musculocartilaginous structure below the tongue root and hyoid bone and above the trachea

【相关描述】Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition, cautions users to be aware of the proper pronunciations of laryngo- (luh RING goh) and laryng- (luh RINJ): "Avoid mispronouncing this combining form lar-in' jo" or (lar IN joh).

Here is a special article about the Neck and Throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; coll-; esophag-; guttur-; nuch-; trachel-.

【同源单词】autolaryngoscopy, chronic posterior laryngitis, chronic subglottic laryngitis, croupous laryngitis, esophagolaryngectomy, esophagopharyngolaryngectomy

词根词缀：laten-, late-

【来源及含义】Latin: to lurk; to lie hidden, to be hidden

【同源单词】latency, latent, latent hostility, latently, latescence, latescent

词根词缀：latitud-, lati-, latis-

【来源及含义】Latin: latus, wide, breadth, broad

【同源单词】latifoliate, latisimus, latissimus dorsi, latitude, latitude factor, latitude line

词根词缀：laud-

【来源及含义】Latin: praise, praising; glorify, glorifying; showing or expressing strong approval or admiration for something or someone

【同源单词】collaud, collaudation, cum laude, illaudable, laud, laudability

词根词缀：lauro-

【来源及含义】Greek: a drain, passage; sewer

【同源单词】laurophile, laurophyte

词根词缀：lav-, lava-, lavat-

【来源及含义】Latin: wash, washing; bathe, bathing; by extension, clean, cleaning

【相关描述】From Latin lavare, "to wash, to bathe" and is related to Latin luere, luto-, "to wash".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wash" words: balneo-; clys-; luto-; plyno-.

【同源单词】alavation, antiseptic lavage, antral lavage, blood lavage, bronchoalveolar lavage, elavo

词根词缀：lax-

【来源及含义】Latin: loose; slack

【同源单词】elaxate, languid, languidly, languish, languisher, lax

词根词缀：leio-, lei-, li-, lio-

【来源及含义】Greek: smooth

【同源单词】leiasthenia, leiodermia, leiodystonia, leioglossate, leiomyoblastoma, leiomyofibroma

词根词缀：lemma-, lemmata-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to take [something for granted]; an assumption taken for granted; premise; anything taken

【相关描述】Don't confuse the words in this unit with another lemmo-, lemm- lemma- unit meaning "sheath, husk".

【同源单词】analemma, dilemma, lemma, lemmatize, pentalemma, polylemma

词根词缀：lemmo-, lemm-, lemma-

【来源及含义】Greek: sheath, husk

【相关描述】Don't confuse the words in this unit with another lemma-, lemmata- unit which means "to take [something for granted]; an assumption taken for granted; premise; anything taken".

【同源单词】alemma, analemma, epilemma, glandilemma, lemma, lemmocyte

词根词缀：lent-, lenta-, lenti-

【来源及含义】Latin: slow, sluggish, immovable

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "slow, slowness, slow of, sluggish": dys-; tard-.

【同源单词】lentamente, lentando, lentidigitation, lentitude, lento, relent

词根词缀：lenti-, lent-, lens-

【来源及含义】Latin: lens, lentil

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】achromatic lens, acoustic lens, bifocal lens, compound lens, concavoconvex lens, lens

词根词缀：lenticulo-, lenticul-

【来源及含义】Latin: lentil-shaped, lentil; a term later used to refer to "the lentil-shaped lens of the eye"

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】capsulolenticular, capsulolenticular cataract, caudatolenticular, concave lenticular, intralenticular, lenticula

词根词缀：lepido-, lepid-, lepo-, -lepis, lepro-, lepr-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin lepra: flake, scale, scales, scaly, scabby

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】leper, lepidic, lepidoid, lepidophyte, lepidosis, lepidote

词根词缀：lepidopter-

【来源及含义】Greek: moths, butterflies; a combination of lepido-, "flake" or "scale" and ptero, "wing"

【相关词根词缀】This lepidopter- group of words comes directly from the lepido- unit of words.
A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Lepidoptera, lepidopteral, lepidopteran, lepidopterid, lepidopterist, lepidopterology

词根词缀：lepor-

【来源及含义】Latin: rabbit, hare

【同源单词】leporicide, leporid, Leporidae, leporide, leporine, lepus

词根词缀：lept-, lepto-

【来源及含义】Greek: thin, small, fine, delicate, mild; from "peeled, husked"; used primarily in the sense of "abnormally thin, narrow, slender, or delicate"

【同源单词】leptiform, leptocaul, leptocentric, leptocephalia, leptocephalic, leptocephaloid

词根词缀：lesbi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: Greek Lésbios through Latin Lesbius; lesbian; homosexual relations between women

【同源单词】lesbiamania, lesbiamaniac, lesbian, lesbianism, lesbiophobia

词根词缀：lethal-, -lethal, -lethally; lethi-, letho-, leth-

【来源及含义】Latin: death, deadly; fatal, lifeless; kill, killing; die, dying; mortal, mortality; destructive

【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; mort-; neci-; necro-; phono-; thanato-.

【同源单词】hyperlethal, lethal, lethal chamber, lethal dose, lethal injection, lethal mutation

词根词缀：letho-, leth-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: lie hidden, secret; forgetfulness, forget, inactive through forgetfulness; also sleepy, drowsy, dull, sluggish

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sleep" units: dorm-; hypno-; narco-; oneiro- (dream); somni-; sopor-. Etymologically related "forget, forgetfulness" word families: aletho-; oblivio-. Related "memory, remember" word families: memor-; mne-.

【同源单词】alethia, lethargic, lethargical, lethargically, lethargize, lethargogenic

词根词缀：lev-, levi-

【来源及含义】Latin: light in weight, lightness; to raise, to rise, to lift

【同源单词】alleviate, alleviation, alleviative, alleviator, elevate, elevation

词根词缀：levo-, laevo-

【来源及含义】Latin: left, to the left; toward, or on the left side

【同源单词】laevorotary, levoangiocardiography, levoaural, levoaurality, levocardia, levocardiogram

词根词缀：levulos-, laevulos-

【来源及含义】Latin: fructose; from laev[us], "left"

【同源单词】levulosan, levulose, levulosemia, levulosuria

词根词缀：liber-

【来源及含义】Latin: free

【同源单词】Alenda lux ubi orta libertas, deliver, deliverance, deliverer, delivery, Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietam

词根词缀：libra-, liber-, libri-

【来源及含义】Latin: balance; to be balanced; to make even; Roman pound

【同源单词】acid-base balance, balance, balance, deliberate, deliberated, deliberately

词根词缀：licit-, licen-, leis-

【来源及含义】Latin: to be allowed; permitted; unrestrained

【同源单词】illicit, illicitly, illicitness, leisure, leisureliness, leisurely

词根词缀：lieno-, lien-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: spleen; a combining form denoting relationship to the spleen

【同源单词】lienal, lienculus, lienectomy, lienitis, lienocele, lienography

词根词缀：lig-

【来源及含义】Latin: tie, bind

【同源单词】alliance, alligate, alligation, alloy, ally, disoblige

词根词缀：ligni-, lign-

【来源及含义】Latin: wood

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wood" word units: hylo-; xylo-.

【同源单词】aciculilignosa, gelignite, In silvam ne ligna feras, ligneous, lignescent, lignicole

词根词缀：limi-, lim-

【来源及含义】Latin: mud

【同源单词】limicole, limicoline, limicolous, limiphile, limiphilous, limiphily

词根词缀：limit-, lim-

【来源及含义】Latin: threshold (level at which something happens), point at which something begins or changes; boundary, limit

【同源单词】eliminate, elimination, illimitable, liminal, liminometer, liminoscope

词根词缀：limno-, limn-

【来源及含义】Greek: lake, marshy lake, pool, marsh

【同源单词】bathylimnetic, epilimnion, hypolimnetic, hypolimnion, limanth, limitrophic

词根词缀：limo-, lim-

【来源及含义】Greek: hunger, appetite

【同源单词】bulimia, bulimiac, bulimic, limophobia, limophoitas, limophthisis

词根词缀：limpid-

【来源及含义】Latin: limpidus, clear; calm, serene; easy to comprehend or to understand

【同源单词】limpid, limpidity, limpidly, limpidness, limpidness

词根词缀：lino-, lin-, line-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: line, thread, string, cord, net

【同源单词】align, alignment, allineate, collimate, collinear, delineate

词根词缀：linqu-, lict-

【来源及含义】Latin: to leave, to abandon

【同源单词】corpus delicti, delict, delinquency, delinquent, delinquently, derelict

词根词缀：lipo-, leip-, leips-, lips-

【来源及含义】Greek, elleipsis, elleipo, elleipein; Latin, ellipsis: abandon, to leave [behind]; fail; lack, lacking; be wanting

【同源单词】eclipse, ecliptic, ellipse, ellipsis, ellipsoid, elliptical

词根词缀：liqu-, lique-

【来源及含义】Latin: flow, fluid, wave

【同源单词】deliquesce, liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquidate, liquidity

词根词缀：lisso-, liss-

【来源及含义】Greek: smooth, polished

【同源单词】lissencephalia, lissosphincter, lissotrichy

词根词缀：liter-

【来源及含义】Latin: letter; a graphic symbol, a written character, an alphabetic sign

【同源单词】ad literam, alliterate, alliteration, alliterative, alliteratively, functional illiterate

词根词缀：litig-, litiga-, litigat-

【来源及含义】Latin: carry on a legal suit, lawsuit; quarrel, contention

【同源单词】litagare, litigant, litigaphobia, litigate, litigation, litigation

词根词缀：livid-, liv-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: bluish, livid; of a bluish-leaden color

【同源单词】asphyxia livida, dependent lividity, entoloma lividum, livid, lividity, lividly

词根词缀：lobo-, lob-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > French: a rounded projection, especially a rounded projecting anatomical part; such as, lobe of the ear, lobe of the liver, lobe of the lung; seed, pod

【同源单词】lobar, lobate, lobated, lobation, lobe, lobectomy

词根词缀：lochio-

【来源及含义】Greek: childbirth; vaginal discharge following childbirth

【相关词根词缀】 Related "birth, born, childbirth, offspring" words: abort-; feto-; nasc-, nat-; proli-; toco-, toko-.

【同源单词】lochia, lochia alba, lochia rubra, lochia sanguinolenta, lochia serosa, lochiocolpos

词根词缀：lochmo-, lochm-

【来源及含义】Greek: thicket, bush

【同源单词】lochmocolous, lochmodophile, lochmodophilous, lochmodophyte, lochmophile, lochmophilous

词根词缀：loco-

【来源及含义】Latin: place; from place to place; where something is placed

【同源单词】allocate, allocation, allow, allowable, allowably, allowance

词根词缀：locu-, loc-

【来源及含义】Latin: talk, speak, say, word, speech

【相关描述】Directly related to the loqu- family of "talk, speak" words.

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-. Related "word, words" units: etym-; legi-; lexico-; logo-; onomato-; -onym; verbo-.

【同源单词】allocution, circumlocution, circumlocutional, circumlocutionist, circumlocutory, collocution

词根词缀：long-, longi-

【来源及含义】Latin: long

【同源单词】elongate, elongation, long, long, longanimity, longeval

词根词缀：lopho-, loph-, lophio-, lophi-

【来源及含义】Greek: ridge; crest, tuft; by extension, hill top

【同源单词】lophobranch, lophodont, lophophile, lophophilia, lophophore, lophophyte

词根词缀：loutro-, loutr-

【来源及含义】Greek: bath, bathing

【相关描述】A discussion about the above words appeared in the April 19, 1993, issue of The Christian Science Monitor in an article, "Dictionary Service Answers Questions About Words" (page 14) that described an organization known as "OWLS" [Oxford Word and Language Service]. One writer wrote, "Please can you tell me the word for a person who drinks their [sic] own bath water, as opposed to one who drinks another's bath water?" These words do not exist in any dictionary. Part of the OWLS' reply read: "As the concept is not central to European civilization, I am not surprised that it has failed to find a place in dictionaries. If words for this are needed in the future, then autoloutrophilist and alloloutrophilist are waiting in the wings for their brief flash of celebrity."

【同源单词】autoloutrophilist, louter, loutrophoros

词根词缀：lox-, loxo-

【来源及含义】Greek: slanting, oblique

【同源单词】loxarthron, loxia, Loxia curvirostra, loxoclase, loxocosm, loxocyesis

词根词缀：lucifer, luci-

【来源及含义】Latin: light-bearing, light producing, emitting light

【相关词根词缀】A list of related "light, shining, glow" units: luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-, lustr-, phengo-, pheno-, phospho-, photo-; scinti-, scintill-.

【同源单词】Lucifer, luciferase, luciferin, luciferous, Luciferphobia, lucific

词根词缀：lucr-

【来源及含义】Latin: wealth, wealthy, rich; gain, profit, money; avarice

【同源单词】lucrative, lucratively, lucre, lucriferous, lucrific

词根词缀：luct-

【来源及含义】Latin: struggle, struggling

【同源单词】colluctancy, colluctation, ineluctability, ineluctable, ineluctably, luctation

词根词缀：lud-, ludi-, lus-

【来源及含义】Latin: play, make sport of, jest; sportive; pastime

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: faceti-; farc-; humor-; jocu-; satir-.

【同源单词】allude, allusion, allusive, allusively, collude, collusion

词根词缀：lue-

【来源及含义】Latin: pestilence, infection, plague; a synonym for "syphilis"

【同源单词】lues, lues venera, lues venerea, luetic

词根词缀：lugubri-, lugubr-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to mourning, mournful, painful; lament, bewail

【同源单词】lugubriosity, lugubrious, lugubriousness

词根词缀：lumb-, lumbo-

【来源及含义】Latin: loin; by extension, the lower back

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications: "back, backside" word units: dorso- (back, on the back); nuch- (nape of the neck); pygo- (rump, rear end, back side).

【同源单词】ascending lumbar vein, iliolumbar vein, ischemic lumbago, lumbago, lumbal, lumbar

词根词缀：lumen-, lumin-, lum-

【来源及含义】Latin: light, shine; torch, lamp; heavenly body

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-.

【同源单词】autoluminescence, bioluminescence, bioluminescent, cathodoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, chemiluminescence labeling

词根词缀：luna, luni-, lun-, lunu-

【来源及含义】Latin: moon, light, shine

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-. A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to the: "moon": Calendar, Moon Facts; Chemical Element: selenium; Gods and Goddesses; Luna, the earth moon; menisc-; meno-; Planets in Motion; plano- seleno-.

【同源单词】apolune, circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, ex luna scientia, illunis

词根词缀：lupus, lup-

【来源及含义】Latin: wolf [pertaining to or connected with a "wolf"]

【相关词根词缀】 Related wolf-word unit: lyco-.

【同源单词】A fronte praecipitium a tergo lupi, angiolupoid, Canis lupus, Caput gerat lupinum, caput lupinum, inter canem et lupum

词根词缀：lustr-, lust-

【来源及含义】Latin: light up, shine

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-.

【同源单词】illustrate, illustration, illustrative, illustratively, illustrator, illustrious

词根词缀：lut-

【来源及含义】Latin: mud; clay; dirt; filth; mire

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】enlute, Latin lut- forms, lutaceous, lutarious, lute, luteous

词根词缀：luto-, lut-, luv-, lu-

【来源及含义】Latin: wash, clean; washing of water against the shore; a flood

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wash" words: balneo-; clys-; lav-; plyno-.

【同源单词】abluent, abluent, abluted, ablution, ablutionary, ablutomania

词根词缀：lutra-, lutr-

【来源及含义】Latin: otter; aquatic animal

【同源单词】Lutra, lutraphobia, Lutrinae, lutrine

词根词缀：luxur-

【来源及含义】Latin: excess, excessive, have to excess; abundant, abundance; grow profusely, profuseness

【相关描述】Don't confuse this luxur- element with lux, "light", because these elements are not connected to each other.

【同源单词】deluxe binding, deluxe edition, deluxe, luxuriance, luxuriant, luxuriate

词根词缀：lyco-, lyc-, lycos-

【来源及含义】Greek: wolf, wolves

【相关词根词缀】 Related wolf-word unit: lup-.

【同源单词】lycanthrope, lycanthropic, lycanthropist, lycanthropy, lycomania, lycoperdonosis

词根词缀：lygo-, lyg-

【来源及含义】Greek: shadow, shadowy; shade, darkness; twilight; gloomy

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: melan-; nigri-; nocti-; nycti-; scoto-; skio-; umbra-.

【同源单词】lygomania, lygophil, lygophile, lygophobia

词根词缀：lymph-, lympho-

【来源及含义】Greek: water, yellowish fluid; connected with, or containing, lymph, a transparent fluid that is derived from body tissue and conveyed to the bloodstream by the lymphatic vessels

【同源单词】angiolymphangioma, angiolymphitis, anulus lymphaticus cardiae, coniolymphstasis, follicular lymphoma, lymph

词根词缀：lype-, lypo-

【来源及含义】Greek: grief; melancholia

【同源单词】lypemania, lypothymia, matutolypea

词根词缀：lyso-, lyo-, ly-, -lysin, -lys-, -lysis, -lytic, -lyt-, -lyz-

【来源及含义】Greek: lyein [LYOO ayn], "to loosen"; loosening, dissolving, dissolution

【同源单词】analysis, analyst, analyst, analytic, analytics, analyze

词根词缀：lysso-, lyss-, lyssa-, lytta-

【来源及含义】Greek: madness, fury, rage, frenzy; relationship to rabies

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "anger, angry; rage, wrath, fury; rave": fur-, furi-; ira-; mania-; rab-, rav-.

【同源单词】antilyssic, lyssa, Lyssavirus, lyssic, lyssiophobia, lyssoid

词根词缀：macro-, macr-

【来源及含义】Greek: large, great; long [in extent or duration]; enlarged, or elongated, long [in length]; abnormally large

【相关词根词缀】 Related "big, large, great" words: grand-; magni-; major-; maxi-; mega-; megalo-.

【同源单词】acromacria, baromacrometer, biomacromolecule, macrander, macrandrous, macraner

词根词缀：macul-, maculat-

【来源及含义】Latin: spot, mark, stain, blot, blemish, mesh; the original meaning of macula seems to have been, "a soiled spot, a spot to be cleaned"

【同源单词】Actitis macularia, immaculate, lepra maculosa, macula, macula cerulea, macula retina

词根词缀：magist-, master-

【来源及含义】Latin: magister, chief, head, leader; from Latin magnus, "great"

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; agon-; arch-; -crat; dom-; gov-; poten-; regi-; tyran-.

【同源单词】A, Artium Magister, magisterial, magisterially, magistracy, magistrate

词根词缀：magnet-, magneto-

【来源及含义】Greek: Magnesian [stone]; Magnesia having been a mineral-rich region of Thessaly

【同源单词】aeromagnetics, biomagnetism, diamagnetic, diamagnetism, diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion weighted imaging

词根词缀：maieut-, maieuto-

【来源及含义】Greek: pertaining to midwifery; obstetric; serving to elicit ideas [said of the Socratic method of teaching]

【同源单词】maieusiomania, maieutic, maieutics, maieutologist

词根词缀：major-

【来源及含义】Latin: larger, greater

【相关词根词缀】 Related "big, large, great" words: grand-; macro-; magni-; maxi-; mega-; megalo-.

【同源单词】ad majorem dei gloriam, Canis Major, force majeure, main, Maj, majestic

词根词缀：mal-, male-, mali-

【来源及含义】Latin: bad, badly, harsh, wrong; ill; evil; abnormal, defective; used primarily as a prefix

【相关描述】This combining form has no etymological connection to "male", meaning "man" or "masculine"; despite what some women may think.

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; dys-; mis-; pessim-; sceler-.

【同源单词】benediction, benevolence, grand mal seizure, mala fide, mala fide, Mala ultro adsunt

词根词缀：mala-

【来源及含义】Latin: cheek, cheekbone

【同源单词】mala, malar, malar point, malar tubercle

词根词缀：malaxo-, malax-

【来源及含义】Latin: to soften, softening; to mollify; a kneading movement used in massage; stroking, caressing, love play

【同源单词】dermalaxia, malax, malaxable, malaxage, malaxate, malaxation

词根词缀：malleo-, malle-

【来源及含义】Latin: hammer

【同源单词】ambomalleal, electromallet condenser, hallux malleus, immalleable, intermalleolar, mall

词根词缀：mammill-, mammilli-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: breast, nipple

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; sterno-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】mammilla, mammillary, mammillate, mammillated, mammillation, mammilliform

词根词缀：mammo-, mamm-, mammi-

【来源及含义】Greek Latin: breast

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; sterno-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】mamma, mammal, Mammalia, mammalogy, mammaplasty, mammary

词根词缀：mana-, manat-

【来源及含义】Latin: flow out, to issue forth, to run

【同源单词】emanant, emanate, emanation, emanational, emanationism, emanative

词根词缀：mandibulo-, mandibul-, mandibuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: jaw, lower jaw; from mandere, "to chew"

【同源单词】mandible, mandibula, mandibular, mandibulary, mandibulate, mandibulectomy

词根词缀：mane-, mans-

【来源及含义】Latin: to stay, to remain, to abide

【同源单词】immanence, immanent, immanently, manor, manorial, manse

词根词缀：mano-, man-

【来源及含义】Greek: sparse, thin, rare; slack, loose; by extension, "gas, vapor"

【同源单词】anal manometry, differential manometer, esophageal manometry, flame manometer, Koenig, manometer

词根词缀：manu-, man-, mani-, mandat-, manda-

【来源及含义】Latin: hand or hands

【相关词根词缀】 Related "hand" units: cheiro-, chiro-; Dextro and Sinsitro History; Hands as Objects of Art; Hands: Mechanical Marvels; palm.

【同源单词】ad manum, amanuensis, bimanous, bimanual, bimanually, biomanipulation

词根词缀：mare, mari-, mar-

【来源及含义】Latin: sea; ocean

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】A mari usque ad mare, aquamarine, fluviomarine, geological oceanography, juxtamarine, mar

词根词缀：margarito-

【来源及含义】Latin: pearls

【同源单词】Margaret, margaric, margarid, margarin, margarine, margaritaceous

词根词缀：marito-, marit-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to a husband or marriage; used as a prefix

【同源单词】mariticide, maritocratic, maritodespotic, maritodespotism, maritogenous, maritolegic

词根词缀：marsup-

【来源及含义】Greek: pouch, purse

【同源单词】marsupia, marsupial, Marsupialia, marsupium

词根词缀：martyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: (martus, martur-); Late Greek: (martur); Late Ecclesiastical Latin (martyr), Old English (martyr), Middle English (martir); witness

【相关描述】Adopted directly into most Germanic languages, but Old Norse substituted native formation pislarvattr, literally, "torture-witness".

【同源单词】martyr, martyr, martyrdom, martyred, martyrium, martyrize

词根词缀：masca-

【来源及含义】Latin: specter, witch, mask, nightmare > Italian mascera > French, masque [covering to hide or to protect the face]

【同源单词】enmascarar, mascara, mascaraing, thickening mascara

词根词缀：maschal-

【来源及含义】Greek: armpit

【同源单词】maschaladenitis, maschalagnia, maschalagniac, maschale, maschalephidrosis, maschaliatry

词根词缀：mascu-, mas-

【来源及含义】Latin: male, manly, of or relating to men or boys; of the male sex and gender; bold, courageous

【同源单词】emasculate, masculate, masculine, masculinity, masculinize, masculinoid

词根词缀：massac-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: wholesale slaughter, carnage; slaughterhouse, butchery

【同源单词】massacre, massacre, massacred, massacrer

词根词缀：mastic-, masti-

【来源及含义】Latin: to chew; Greek: to gnash, grind, or rub the upper and lower teeth together

【同源单词】mastic, masticable, masticate, mastication, masticator, masticatory

词根词缀：mastig-, mastigo-

【来源及含义】Greek: whip, flog, scourge

【同源单词】mastigophobia, Mastigophora, mastigophoric, mastigophorous, Mastigoproctus, tetramastigote

词根词缀：mastoido-, mastoid-

【来源及含义】Greek: breast; used in the specialized sense as "of or pertaining to the breast-shaped mastoid process of the temporal bone

【同源单词】atlantomastoid, cleidomastoid, mastoid, mastoid angle, mastoid process, mastoidal

词根词缀：mater-, matri-, matro- matr-

【来源及含义】Latin: mother, mama, mom; mum [British]

【同源单词】alma mater, dura mater, mater, materfamilias, maternal aunt, maternal dystocia

词根词缀：materi-

【来源及含义】Latin: matter, stuff, wood, timber; of or belonging to matter

【同源单词】biomaterial, commaterial, dematerialize, immaterial, immaterially, materia

词根词缀：matur-

【来源及含义】Latin: ripe; to ripen; timely

【同源单词】alopecia prematura, immature, immaturely, immatureness, immaturity, maturate

词根词缀：matut-, matuti-, matuto-

【来源及含义】Latin: morning; early

【同源单词】dysania, euania, Matut, Matuta, matutemea, matutemia

词根词缀：maxi-

【来源及含义】Latin: large, great, greatest

【相关词根词缀】 Related "big, large, great" words: grand-; macro-; magni-; major-; mega-; megalo-.

【同源单词】a maximis ad minima, maxim, maxima, maximal, maximize, maximum

词根词缀：maxillo-, maxill-

【来源及含义】Latin: jaw, upper jawbone

【同源单词】admaxillary, hemimaxillectomy, inframaxillary, mandibulomaxillary, maxilla, maxillae

词根词缀：meand-

【来源及含义】Greek: winding; from a winding river; by extension, curving, walking around slowly, drifting, wandering, roaming, going around aimlessly

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": amni-; fluvio-; oceano-; potamo-; ripari-. Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】meander, meander, meander line, meandered, meanderer, meandering

词根词缀：meato-, meat-, mea-

【来源及含义】Latin: opening or passageway in the body, bodily opening or canal; to go, to pass, passage

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】impermeable, irremeable, meatal, meatomastoidectomy, meatome, meatometer

词根词缀：mechano-, mechan-; mechanico-; machin-

【来源及含义】Greek makhana, machana > Latin machina: machine, device, tool; an apparatus for applying mechanical power to do work; mekhanikos > machynen, decide a course of action, contrive, plot contrivance; a machine or the workings of machines

【同源单词】aeromechanics, agricultural mechanics, backyard mechanic, biomechanical, biomechanics, dentomechanical

词根词缀：mecono-, mecon-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: [mekonion to meconium] of or pertaining to the poppy, poppy-juice; opium

【同源单词】meconalgia, meconic, meconium, meconology, meconomancy, meconophagism

词根词缀：medico-, medic-, medi-, med-

【来源及含义】Latin: heal, cure; physician

【相关词根词缀】Medicine is the discipline that is concerned with the preservation of health and the diagnosis and treatment of human disabilities.

【同源单词】aeromedicine, agromed, alopecia medicamentosa, biomedical, biomedical engineering, biomedicine

词根词缀：medio-, medi-

【来源及含义】Latin: middle

【同源单词】admedial, ante meridian, antemeridian, anteromedial, anteromedian, aurea mediocritas

词根词缀：medita-, meditat-

【来源及含义】Latin: from meditatus; a form of meditare, to muse, to ponder; to think over, to consider; to think, to reflect

【同源单词】active meditation, Christian meditation, medical meditation, meditate, meditation, meditation therapy

词根词缀：medull-, medullo-, medulli-

【来源及含义】Latin: marrow; central part

【同源单词】juxtamedullary, lienomedullary, medulla, medulla oblongata, medulla spinalis, medullary

词根词缀：mega-, meg-

【来源及含义】Greek: large, great, big, powerful

【相关描述】When measuring in the metric [decimal] system, it means a million [U.S.] or millionfold [U.K.]: 10⁶ [1 000 000]. The metric symbol for mega- is M.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "big, large, great" words: grand-; macro-; magni-; major-; maxi-; megalo-. Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】alphmegamia, dysmegalopsia, electronic megaphone, hydromegathermia, hydromegathermic, kilomegacycle

词根词缀：melano-, melan-, mela-, melen-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color black; dark

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; nigri-; nocti-; nycti-; scoto-; skio-; umbra-.

【同源单词】hepatomelanosis, leucomelanous, melancholia, melancholiac, melancholic, melancholy

词根词缀：melior-, meliorat-

【来源及含义】Latin: better, to make better; to improve

【同源单词】Ad praesens ova cras pullis sunt meliora, Aliudque cupido, ameliorable, ameliorate, ameliorating, amelioration

词根词缀：meliss-, melisso-, melitt-, melitto-

【来源及含义】Greek: honeybee, honeybees; bee, bees

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】melissic, melissic acid, melissophobia, melissotherapy, melittology, melittophilous

词根词缀：melo-

【来源及含义】Greek: apple; by extension, "cheek"

【同源单词】meloplastic, meloplasty, meloschisis, melotia

词根词缀：memor-, memen-

【来源及含义】Latin: memory, remember, thought; retaining and recalling past experiences and information; capacity to store information; ability to recall or to recognize previous experiences; recollection; retention

【相关词根词缀】 Related "forget, forgetfulness" word families: aletho-; letho-; oblivio-. Related "memory, remembering" word families: mne-; reminisc-.

【同源单词】Ad perpetuam rei memoriam, Aequam memento rebus in arduis servare mentem, cache, cache memory, commemorate, commemoration

词根词缀：mend-

【来源及含义】Latin: defect, blemish

【同源单词】amend, amendable, amendatory, amendment, amends, emend

词根词缀：menda-, mendac-

【来源及含义】Latin: untruthful; lying, lies; deceitful

【同源单词】mendaciloquence, mendaciloquent, mendacimaniac, mendacious, mendaciously, mendaciousness

词根词缀：mendic-

【来源及含义】Latin: mendicare, to beg; a beggar; an infirm, wretched, miserable person

【同源单词】mendicancy squad, mendicant, mendicant, mendicant friar, mendicant order, mendicate

词根词缀：meningo-, mening-, meninge-, meningeo-, meningi-

【来源及含义】Greek: membranes enveloping the brain and spinal cord

【同源单词】menina, meningitic, meningitis, meningitophobia, meningococcus, meningoencephalitis

词根词缀：menisc-, menisco-

【来源及含义】Greek meniskos > Latin meniscus: a crescent-shaped body, a curved structure, lunar crescent form, semilunar cartilage; diminutive of mene, "moon"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to the: "moon": Calendar, Moon Facts; Chemical Element: selenium; Gods and Goddesses; luna, luni-; Luna, the earth moon; meno-; Planets in Motion; plano-; seleno-.

【同源单词】knee joint, lateral meniscus of the knee, medial meniscus of the knee, meniscal, meniscectomy, meniscitis

词根词缀：mens-

【来源及含义】Latin: measure

【相关词根词缀】 Related "measure" and "metric" words and charts: meter-, metro-; Metric Chart of Units; Metric-Length Converter; Metric Units and Links.

【同源单词】Biometrics, commensal, commensalism, commensurable, commensurably, commensurate

词根词缀：menti-, ment-

【来源及含义】Latin: mens, mentalis; mind, intellectual faculties; mental; memory

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; anxi-; deliri-; hallucina-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】Alzheimer disease, amentia, amential, compos mentis, demency, dement

词根词缀：mento-, ment-, menti-

【来源及含义】Latin: mentum, the chin

【同源单词】augmentation mentoplasty, mental, mental artery, mental foramen, mental nerve, mental protuberance

词根词缀：mephiti-

【来源及含义】Latin: stench, stinking odor; poisonous smell, harmful fumes

【同源单词】mephitic, mephitical, mephitically, Mephitidae, mephitine, mephitis

词根词缀：merci-

【来源及含义】Latin: merx, wares, merchandise

【同源单词】amerce, amerceable, commerce, commercial, commercialism, commercialization

词根词缀：merg-, mers-

【来源及含义】Latin: dip, dive, plunge; rise out of a liquid; combine into one

【同源单词】demersal, emerge, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent

词根词缀：merinth-, merintho-

【来源及含义】Greek: cord, line, string

【同源单词】merinthophilia, merinthophobia

词根词缀：merit-, meri-, mere-

【来源及含义】Latin: to deserve, deserve; earn, acquire, gain; entitled to

【同源单词】demerit, emerita, emerited, emeritus, Eruditio et meritum pro omnibus, immerit

词根词缀：meso-, mes-, mesi-

【来源及含义】Greek: middle, intermediate; close to a center line; between

【同源单词】brachymesophalangia, circumesophagal, dolichoeuromesocephalus, mesencephalic, mesencephalon, mesencephalotomy

词根词缀：meta-, met-, meth-

【来源及含义】Greek: after, behind, beyond; changed in form, altered; higher [used to designate a higher degree of a branch of science]

【同源单词】acrometagenesis, allochemical metamorphism, atmometamorphism, brachymetapody, digitometatarsal, ectrometacarpia

词根词缀：metallo-, metall-

【来源及含义】Greek: mineral, metal

【同源单词】metallesthesia, metallochrome, metallograph, metallographic, metallophil, metallophilia

词根词缀：meteoro-, meteor-

【来源及含义】Greek: upraised, high up; in the air; anything raised from the ground, high, lofty; hovering in the air; hence, "heavenly body, atmospheric phenomenon"

【同源单词】agrometeorology, astrometeorology, biometeorology, hydrometeor, meteor, meteoresistant

词根词缀：metho-, meth-

【来源及含义】a combining form meaning methyl

【同源单词】methane, methanogen, methanogenesis, methanogenic, methanol, methanolic

词根词缀：methyl-, methy-

【来源及含义】Greek: a combining form occurring in the names of chemical compounds in which the methyl group is present; alcohol, wine

【相关描述】A "univalent hydrocarbon radical," 1844, from German methyl (1840) or French méthyle, back-formation from French méthylène, coined in French (1835) from Greek methy, "wine" + hyle, "wood". The word was introduced by Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848).

【同源单词】hydroxymethyl, methanol, methylal, methylamine, methylate, methylene

词根词缀：meticu-

【来源及含义】Latin: fear, timid

【同源单词】meticulosity, meticulous, meticulously, meticulousness

词根词缀：metopo-, metop-

【来源及含义】Greek: forehead

【同源单词】metopic, metopion, metopomancy, metoposcopist, metoposcopy

词根词缀：metro-, metr-

【来源及含义】Greek: mother [family member]

【同源单词】matronym, metrocracy, metrocracy, metronym, metropolis, metropolitan

词根词缀：metro-, metra-, metr-

【来源及含义】Greek: uterus, womb

【同源单词】endometriosis, endometritis, endometrium, endometrorrhagia, metritis, metrocele

词根词缀：miasm-, miasma-, miasmat-

【来源及含义】Greek: pollution, stain, contamination; to pollute, to defile, to corrupt

【同源单词】idiomiasma, miasm, miasma, miasma theory of disease, miasmal, miasmatic

词根词缀：micro-, micr-

【来源及含义】Greek: small, tiny; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】One millionth part of [something]; in the metric system: 10^-6 [0.000 001].

【相关词根词缀】Related "few, small, less, little" word units: mini-; mio-, meio-; nano-; oligo-, olig-.
Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】micracoustic, microaerophil, microaerosol, microaerotonometer, microaesthete, microanalysis

词根词缀：micto-, -mict-

【来源及含义】Greek: mix, mixed; thrown together, blended

【同源单词】allomixis, amictic, amphimixis, dimictic, holomictic, meromictic

词根词缀：migr-, migrat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to remove, to wander; moving; to move away, to depart from one place to another place

【同源单词】commigration, electromigratory, emigrant, emigrate, emigration, emigre

词根词缀：milit-

【来源及含义】Latin: soldier, fight; soldiers of war; war, warfare

【相关词根词缀】 Related "war, war-like" or "battle" word units: areo-; belli-; -machy.

【同源单词】demilitarization, demilitarize, militainment, militance, militancy, militant

词根词缀：milli-, mille-, mill-, mili-

【来源及含义】Latin: thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements; including, thousandth, thousandths

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】bimillennium, mile, mileage, millefiori, millenary, millennial

词根词缀：minac-, minat-

【来源及含义】Latin: threaten, thretening; to jut out, project out, tower up

【同源单词】demean, demeaning, demeanor, menace, menace, menacing

词根词缀：mini-, minor-, minut-, minu-, min-

【来源及含义】Latin: small, little, less; decline, decrease, diminish; become less, reduce, becoming smaller or shorter

【相关词根词缀】Related "few, small, less, little" word units: micro-;mio-; nano-; oligo-, olig-.

【同源单词】a maximis ad minima, A minimis quoque timendum, admin, admin, administer, administrant

词根词缀：mio-, meio-

【来源及含义】Greek: smaller, less, fewer

【相关词根词缀】Related "few, small, less, little" word units: micro-; mini-; nano-; oligo-, olig-.

【同源单词】meiobenthos, meiobutyric, meiofauna, meioflora, meiogyrous, meiomery

词根词缀：mirac-, mira-, mir-

【来源及含义】Latin: to wonder at, wonderful; causing one to smile

【相关词根词缀】 Related "mirror" word families: catoptro-; eisoptro-; enoptro. A cross reference of another word family that is related directly, or indirectly, to: "miracle, wonder, wondrous": thaumato-.

【同源单词】admirable, admirably, admiration, admirative, admire, admired

词根词缀：mis-

【来源及含义】Anglo-Saxon: bad, harsh, wrong; always a prefix

【相关描述】Don't confuse this mis- unit with the following units: misce-, "mix, mingle"; miso-, mis-, "hate, hatred"; miss-, -miss, -mis- "send, throw".

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; dys-; mal-; pessim-; sceler-.

【同源单词】misadventure, misbegotten, misbehave, misbehavior, miscall, mischief

词根词缀：misce-, misc-

【来源及含义】Latin: mix, mingle

【相关描述】Don't confuse this mis- unit with the following units: mis-, "bad, wrong"; miso-, mis-, "hate, hatred"; miss-, -miss, -mis- "send, throw".

【同源单词】antimiscegenation, immiscibility, immiscible, meddle, meddler, meddlesome

词根词缀：miser-

【来源及含义】Latin: wretched, miserable, pitiable

【同源单词】commiserate, commiseration, Is demum miser est, miser, miserable, miserableness

词根词缀：miti-

【来源及含义】Latin: make mild or gentle; mild, gentle, soft

【同源单词】immitigability, immitigable, immitigably, mitigable, mitigant, mitigate

词根词缀：mito-, mit-

【来源及含义】Greek: thread

【同源单词】karyomitotic, mitochondria, mitochondrial, mitochondrion, mitogen, mitogenesia

词根词缀：mobil-, mobi-

【来源及含义】Latin: move, moving, to set in motion

【相关词根词缀】Related "move, motion" word units: cine-; kine-; mot-, mov-; oscillo-; seismo-; vibro-.

【同源单词】automobile, demobilize, electric car, electron mobility, electrophoretic mobility, electrostatic charge mobility

词根词缀：mod-

【来源及含义】Latin: measure; suitable; size, limit, way, method; rhythm, harmony

【同源单词】accommodate, accommodatingly, accommodation, amplitude modulation, commode, commodious

词根词缀：moll-

【来源及含义】Latin: soft

【同源单词】cherimolla, emollience, emollient, emollition, Holcus molli, mollescent

词根词缀：molybd-

【来源及含义】Greek > Modern Latin: lead [the metal]

【同源单词】ferromolybdenum, molybdate, molybdate orange, molybdenite, molybdenous, molybdenum

词根词缀：moment-, momen-

【来源及含义】Latin: movement, movement of time, instant, moving power, consequence, importance

【同源单词】moment, momentaneous, momentarily, momentary, momentary, momentous

词根词缀：mono-, mon-

【来源及含义】Greek: one, alone, single; a number used as a prefix

【同源单词】antimonopoly, bigamy, electric monopole, fibrous dysplasia, infectious mononucleosis, monacanthid

词根词缀：monstro-, monstr-, mone-, monu-, moni-

【来源及含义】Latin: monere, to warn; to remind, to advise, to instruct

【同源单词】admonish, admonition, admonitory, counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrator, demonetization

词根词缀：mont-, mount-

【来源及含义】Latin: mountain, hill

【同源单词】amount, catamount, demountable, dismount, dismountable, insurmountable

词根词缀：mor-, mora-

【来源及含义】Latin: custom, habit, manner

【同源单词】Abeunt studia in mores, amoral, demoralization, demoralize, immoral, immorality

词根词缀：morb-, morbi-

【来源及含义】Latin: disease

【同源单词】morbi, morbid, morbid, morbidity, morbidostatic, morbific

词根词缀：mors-, mord-

【来源及含义】Latin: bite, biting

【同源单词】mordacious, mordacity, mordancy, mordant, mordent, mordicancy

词根词缀：mort-, mor-, mori-, morti-

【来源及含义】Latin: death, dead; die, dying

【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; neci-; necro-; phono-; thanato-.

【同源单词】abmortal, admortal, alamort, algor mortis, amort, amortality

词根词缀：mot-, moto-, -motile, -motility, -motorial, -motoric, -motive, -motored; mov-

【来源及含义】Latin: move, motion

【相关词根词缀】Related "move, motion" word units: cine-; kine-; mobil-; oscillo-; seismo-; vibro-.

【同源单词】acousticomotor, agrimotor, algiomotor, anemotactic, anemotaxis, arteriomotor

词根词缀：muco-, muc-, muci-, mucin-

【来源及含义】Latin: mucus, mucous, or mucosa; a viscid, slippery, slime secretion of the mucous membranes; related to mucor, "mold, moldiness"

【同源单词】cystic fibrosis, mucid, muciferous, mucification, muciform, mucigen

词根词缀：mulie-, muliebri-

【来源及含义】Latin: woman, wife; womanly, female

【相关词根词缀】 Related "woman, female" units: anilo-; fem-;gyno-; virgo-.

【同源单词】muliebral, muliebria, muliebrile, muliebrious, muliebrity, mulier

词根词缀：multi-, mult-

【来源及含义】Latin: much, many; combining form of Latin multus "much, many"; which is related to the Greek mala, "very, very much, exceedingly"

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】ad multos annos, Adeo in teneris consuescere multum est, Crescite et multiplicamini, Donec eris felix, Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, Fortuna multis dat nimis

词根词缀：mundan-, mund-, mond-

【来源及含义】Latin: earth, world

【同源单词】anno mundi, antemundane, caput mundi, Dat eleemosynam et ecce omnia munda sunt vobis, demimonde, extramundane

词根词缀：muni-, muner-, mun-

【来源及含义】Latin: service, performing services; duty, receiver of duties; office, function; gift

【同源单词】autoimmune, immune, immunity, immunization, immunize, municipal

词根词缀：muni-, muniti-

【来源及含义】Latin: fortify, defending

【同源单词】ammunition, muniment, munition, munitioner, Nihil tam munitum quod non expugnari pecunia possit

词根词缀：mur-

【来源及含义】Latin: wall

【同源单词】antemural, extramural, immure, immurement, intra muros, intramural

词根词缀：muro-, mur-, muri-

【来源及含义】Latin: mouse, mice

【同源单词】misomurid, muricidal, murid, Muridae, muriform, muriphagous

词根词缀：musculo-, muscul-

【来源及含义】Latin: muscle; literally, "little mouse"

【同源单词】algiomuscular, cervicomuscular, idiomuscular, intramuscular, muscle, muscology

词根词缀：musico-, music-

【来源及含义】Greek: mousike [techne] > Latin: musica, music; originally an art of the Muses

【相关描述】Pertaining to the Muses, especially the Muses of lyric poetry and song. From Muse plusicos, meaning "the art of combining sounds in sequence so as to produce aesthetic pleasure in the listener".

【同源单词】amusia, band music, chamber music, choral music, electro-acoustic music, electronic music synthesizer

词根词缀：muso-, mus-

【来源及含义】Greek: mouse, mice

【同源单词】musomania, musophile, musophilia, musophobia, musophobiac

词根词缀：mut-

【来源及含义】Latin: change, changeable

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; poikilo-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】commute, immutable, molt, mutable, mutant, mutant

词根词缀：mut- (silent)

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: unable to speak, inarticulate, dumb; uttering no sound, silent, still, quiet

【同源单词】Cave tibi cane muto, mute, muted, muteness, mutism, selective mutism

词根词缀：mutil-

【来源及含义】Latin: mutilatus, mutilare; to cut off, to lop off; to maim, to mangle

【相关词根词缀】 Related cutting-word units: cast-; castrat-; -cise, -cide; -ectomy; put-; sec-, seg-; temno-; -tomy; trunc-.

【同源单词】mutilate, mutilated, mutilation, mutilative, mutilator, mutilatory

词根词缀：mutual-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: done in exchange; reciprocal; with the same feelings or relationships; shared by two people or groups, in common with each other

【同源单词】mutual, mutualism, mutualist, mutualistic, mutualistically, mutuality

词根词缀：myco-

【来源及含义】Greek: mucus; a protective secretion from the mucous membranes in the nose, throat, and lungs; a thick fluid produced by the linings of some tissues of the body and is secreted as a protective lubricant coating by cells and glands of the mucous membranes

【相关描述】Don't confuse this myco- meaning "mucus" with another myco- meaning "fungus, fungi".

【同源单词】actinomyces, actinomycetes, actinomycosis, basidiomycetous, blastomycosis, chromoblastomycosis

词根词缀：myelin-, myelino-

【来源及含义】Greek: lipoid substance (containing or resembling fat) sheathing certain nerve fibers; lipoid substance found in body tissue

【同源单词】demyelination, dysmyelination, leukomyelitis, myelin, myelinated, myelination

词根词缀：myelo-, myel-

【来源及含义】Greek: bone marrow; the spinal cord and medulla oblongata; the myelin sheath of nerve fibers

【同源单词】amyelencephalia, amyelia, amyeloneuria, amyelotrophy, multiple myeloma, myelin

词根词缀：myi-

【来源及含义】Greek: a fly

词根词缀：myo-, my-, myos-

【来源及含义】Greek: muscle; said to be from a Greek word meaning "mouse"

【同源单词】amyocardia, amyoplasia, amyostasia, amyosthenia, amyosthenic, amyotaxia

词根词缀：myria-, myrio-, myri-

【来源及含义】Greek: ten thousand; very numerous, countless

【相关描述】A combining form meaning "10,000", used especially, in the names of some metric units equal to 10,000 of the unit denoted by the base word; such as, myriagram; myriameter; however, it is not in official use in the International System of Units.

【同源单词】myriacanth, myriacanthous, myriachit, myriad, myriad, myriad-minded

词根词缀：myring-, myringo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: membrane, tympanic [drum] membranes in the ears

【相关词根词缀】 Related "ear" word families: auri-; oto-; tympano- (drum, stretched membrane).

【同源单词】infectious myringitis, laser myringotomy, myringa, myringectomy, myringitis, myringodectomy

词根词缀：myrmeco-, myrmec-, myrme-, myrmic-, myrmi-

【来源及含义】Greek: ant, ants

【相关词根词缀】Another word unit that is related directly to "ants": formic-.

【同源单词】ant licking, Cyphomyrmex, Dorymyrmex pyramicus, Erebomyrma antiqua, formicine, Gesomyrmex

词根词缀：myrmidon-

【来源及含义】Greek [Murmidones] > Latin: [Myrmidones, Myrmidons]

【相关描述】One of a legendary Greek warrior people of ancient Thessaly who followed their king Achilles on the expedition against Troy. Now, it means a "loyal, unquestioning follower".

词根词缀：myro-, myr-

【来源及含义】Greek: unguent, perfume

【同源单词】myropolist, myropoly, xeromyron

词根词缀：myso-, mys-

【来源及含义】Greek: uncleanness of body or mind; filth; defilement; anything disgusting

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】automysophobia, mysophilia, mysophilic, mysophobia, mysophobiac, mysophobic

词根词缀：myster-, myst-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: secret, occult [probable literal meaning is "one whose eyes are closed"]

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": ceal-; clandesti-; crypto-; occult-; orgy-; stego-, stegano-.

【同源单词】mystagogic, mystagogue, mystagogy, mysterious, mystery, mystic

词根词缀：myx-, myxo-

【来源及含义】Greek: slime, mucus; used often in biomedical nomenclature

【同源单词】adenomyxoma, adenomyxosarcoma, Mycetozoa, myxedema, myxoblastoma, myxochondrofibrosarcoma

词根词缀：naevus, nevus, nevo-, nev-

【来源及含义】Latin: birthmark; mole

【相关描述】Don't confuse this nevus with nurvus and even nervous (or "nerve"), which are quite different words and applications.

【同源单词】acquired nevus, balloon cell nevus, basal cell nevus, blue nevus, blue rubber blep nevus, capillary nevus

词根词缀：namato-, namat-

【来源及含义】Greek: spring water, fountain

【同源单词】namatophile, namatophilous, namatophily, namatophyte

词根词缀：naphth-, naphtho-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: volatile petroleum derivative; containing, or derived from the coal-tar derivative naphthol

【同源单词】naphtha, naphthalene, naphthalic, naphtholism

词根词缀：nar-, nari-

【来源及含义】Latin: nostril

【同源单词】anterior naris, nares, narial, naricorn, nariform, narine

词根词缀：narciss-, narcis-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: morbid self love, self-admiration, self-centeredness

【同源单词】intellectual narcissism, malignant narcissism, moral narcissism, Narcissine, narcissism, narcissist

词根词缀：narra-, narrat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to tell, to relate, to recount; to make acquainted with

【同源单词】narratable, narrate, narration, narrative, narratively, narratophilia

词根词缀：nasc-, nat-

【来源及含义】Latin: born, birth

【相关词根词缀】 Related "birth, born, childbirth, offspring" words: abort-; feto-; lochio-; proli-; toco-, toko-.

【同源单词】adnascent, adnate, adnation, agnate, allopregnancy, antenatal

词根词缀：naso-, nas-

【来源及含义】Latin: nose

【同源单词】nasal, nasalis, nasality, nasalization, nasalize, nasally

词根词缀：nata-

【来源及含义】Latin: to swim, swimming; floating

【相关词根词缀】Word families with similar applications about: "swim, swimming": necto-; neusto; pleo-.

【同源单词】circumnatant, contranatant, denatant, enatant, innatant, natant

词根词缀：nav-

【来源及含义】Latin: ship, ships; sailor

【同源单词】bionavigate, bionavigation, circumnavigable, circumnavigate, circumnavigation, circumnavigator

词根词缀：ne-, neo-

【来源及含义】Greek: new, recent, current, young

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "new, recent": cen-, ceno-; nov-, novo-.

【同源单词】angioneoplasm, neallotype, nealogy, neanic, neanthropic, nearctic

词根词缀：nebula-, nebul-

【来源及含义】Latin: mist, fog, cloud, smoke

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "smoke, smoking": atmido-; capno; Capnomania & Fumimania, Pt. 1; Capnophobia & Fumiphobia, Pt. 1; fumi-; typho-.

【同源单词】circumnebulous, nebula, nebulaphobia, nebulate, nebulated, nebule

词根词缀：necessar-, necess-

【来源及含义】Latin: needed, inevitable, unavoidable, indispensable

【同源单词】In necessariis unitas, necessarily, necessary, necessitate, necessitous, necessitously

词根词缀：neci-, nici-

【来源及含义】Latin: death, kill, deadly, murderous, destructive

【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; mort-; necro-; phono-; thanato-.

【同源单词】interneciary, internecinal, internecine, pernicion, perniciosiform, perniciosity

词根词缀：necro-, necr-, necron-, -necrosis, nekro-

【来源及含义】Greek: dead, death, dead body; dead tissue or cells; corpse

【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; mort-; neci-; phono-; thanato-.

【同源单词】adiponecrosis, anemic necrosis, angionecrosis, anthraconecrosis, arteriolonecrosis, bionecrosis

词根词缀：nectar-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: drink of the gods; from Greek mythology

【相关词根词缀】 Related "drink" units: bib-; dipso-; haust-; poto-.

【同源单词】nectar, nectareal, nectarean, nectared, nectareous, nectarial

词根词缀：necto-, nect-, nekto-, nek-

【来源及含义】Greek: swimming

【相关词根词缀】Word families with similar applications about: "swim, swimming": nata-; neusto; pleo-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】epinekton, holonekton, limnonekto, meronekon, nectism, nectobenthos

词根词缀：neg-, ne-

【来源及含义】Latin: no, not; to refuse, to nullify; to deny

【同源单词】abnegate, abnegation, abnegator, bionegativity, denegation, deniable

词根词缀：nemato-, nemat-, nemati-

【来源及含义】Greek: thread, that which is spun; pertaining to a thread-like structure used in many scientific terms

【同源单词】chromonema, chromonemata, chromonematic, Nectonematoidea, nema, nemaline

词根词缀：nemo-, nem-

【来源及含义】Greek: wooded pasture, glade; grove; woods, forest

【同源单词】nemocole, nemocolous, nemophilic, nemophilist, nemophilous, nemophily

词根词缀：nephal-

【来源及含义】Greek: soberness, sober; drink no wine

【同源单词】nephalism, nephalist, nephalistic

词根词缀：nephelo-, nephel-, nepho- neph-

【来源及含义】Greek: cloud, clouds, cloudiness

【同源单词】hypernephelist, isoneph, isonephelic, nephablepsia, nephalism, nephanalysis

词根词缀：nepi-, nepio-

【来源及含义】Greek: infant

【同源单词】nepicide, nepicidist, nepiolagnia, nepiology, nepiomania, nepionic

词根词缀：nepot-, nepo-

【来源及含义】Latin: nephew; grandson, grandchild; descendant [family member]; nepotism, et al.

【相关描述】Said to be used in the Middle Ages by Catholic popes to show favoritism to their illegitimate children for positions of power. The use of  "nephew" was a euphemism for their "out-of-wedlock" offspring.

【同源单词】nepotal, nepotic, nepotious, nepotism, nepotist

词根词缀：nervo-, nerv-, nervi-

【来源及含义】Latin: nerve fiber or sinew, nerves

【同源单词】adnerval, ansa nervorum spinalium, ansae nervispinalis, auditory nerve, axillary nerve, cranial nerves

词根词缀：neutro-, neuter-, neutr-, neut-

【来源及含义】Latin: neither of two; neither one nor the other

【同源单词】general neutral, net neutrality, neuter, neuterize, neuteroid, neutral

词根词缀：nido-, nid-, nidi-, nidu-

【来源及含义】Latin: nest, nesting; nidificare or nidulari, "to nest"

【同源单词】nest, nest, nest, nestling, nidal, nidamental

词根词缀：niger-, nigri-, negr-

【来源及含义】Latin: the color black

【相关描述】The word "negro" comes from Latin neger through French négre and Spanish and Portuguese negro.

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; melan-; nocti-; nycti-; scoto-; skio-; umbra-.

【同源单词】denigrate, denigrated, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, dignigratory

词根词缀：nihil-

【来源及含义】Latin: nothing

【同源单词】annihilate, annihilation, annihilationism, annihilationist, annihilator, De mortuis nihil nisi bonum

词根词缀：nipho-, niph-

【来源及含义】Greek: snow, snowy, wintry

【相关描述】A Latin equivalent is located at this nivi- unit.

【同源单词】dysniphos, niphablepsia, niphad, niphados, niphetos, niphobolos

词根词缀：nivi-, niv-, niva-, nivos-

【来源及含义】Latin: snow, snowy, snowiness

【相关描述】A Greek equivalent is located at this nipho- unit.

【同源单词】nival, nivation, niveal, niveoglacial, niveolian, niveous

词根词缀：noci-, noc-

【来源及含义】Latin: to injure, to hurt; injury, harm, harmful; trauma; a noxious or deleterious agent or influence

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; odyno-; poen-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism. Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "wound, harm, hurt, injure": nox-; traumat-; vulner-.

【同源单词】antinociception, hygienocic, nocebo, nocebo effect, nociassociation, nociception

词根词缀：nod-, nodu-

【来源及含义】Latin: knot, knob; lump

【同源单词】antinode, crunode, denouement, internode, knob, net

词根词缀：nom-, nomo-

【来源及含义】Greek: a meadow; a pasture; an abode; a place for eating; by extension, "distribution of an acute, necrotizing ulcerative process involving mucous membranes of the mouth or genitalia"

【相关描述】Don’t confuse this element with the Greek nomo- which means "law" or another Latin nom- meaning "name".

This element is closely related to nomad- which means “wander, moving around for pasture or grazing for herds or flocks”.

【同源单词】noma, nomocole, nomophile, nomophilous, pronomos

词根词缀：nomad-

【来源及含义】Greek, nomas, nomados, "pasturing, roaming about for pasture" > Latin , nomas, nomdis: wander, moving around for pasture or grazing for herds or flocks

【相关描述】Closely related to nomo-, "a pasture" or "a place for grazing".

【同源单词】nomad, nomadic, nomadical, nomadically, nomadism, nomadize

词根词缀：non-

【来源及含义】Latin: nothing, not

【相关描述】There are hundreds of other "non-" prefix words that can be found in dictionaries.

【同源单词】Non assumpsit, Non bis in idem, non compos mentis, Non culpabilis, Non erat his locus, non est inventus

词根词缀：nona-, noni-, non-

【来源及含义】Latin: nine

【同源单词】Nona, nonagenarian, nonagenarianism, nonagesimal, nonagon, nonan

词根词缀：noo-

【来源及含义】Greek: mind, thought; intellect

【相关词根词缀】 Related mind, mental-word units: anima-; anxi-; hallucina-; menti-; nous; phreno-; psych-; thymo-².

【同源单词】autonoos, noogenesis, nookleptia, nookleptic, nooklopia, noological

词根词缀：norm-, normo-

【来源及含义】Latin: rule, pattern; normalis, "right angled, made according to a carpenter's or mason's square"; then, "conforming to common standards, usual"

【同源单词】abnormal, abnormality, abnormity, decanormal, enormity, enormous

词根词缀：noso-, nos-, nosero-, noser-, -nosia, -nosis, -noses, -nosus, nosema-

【来源及含义】Greek: disease, sickness

【同源单词】andronosia, anosodiaphoria, anosognosia, anosognosic epilepsy, anthropozoonosis, arthronosos

词根词缀：nosocome-, nosocom-, nosokome-, noskom-

【来源及含义】Greek: hospital, infirmary; place for the treatment of diseases

【同源单词】nosocomephobia, nosocomephrenia, nosocomephrenic, nosocomial, nosocomial bacteremia, nosocomial gangrene

词根词缀：nosto-, nost-

【来源及含义】Greek: return home

【相关词根词缀】Related "home; house" word units: domo-; ecdemo-; eco-.

【同源单词】nostalgia, nostalgic, nostalgically, nostologist, nostology, nostomania

词根词缀：not-, nosc-, nit-

【来源及含义】Latin: from gnoscere, to come to know, to get to know, to get acquainted [with]; know, learn; mark, sign; and cognoscere, to get to know, to recognize

【同源单词】annotate, annotation, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognoscente

词根词缀：noto-, not-

【来源及含义】Greek: the back

【同源单词】nota, notacanthkus, notal, notochord, notodontia, notodontian

词根词缀：nounc-, nunci-, nunti-

【来源及含义】Latin: messenger, message; make known, announce

【同源单词】announce, announcement, announcer, annunciate, annunciation, denounce

词根词缀：nov-, novo-, novi-

【来源及含义】Latin: new, recent

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "new, recent": cen-, ceno-; ne-, neo-.

【同源单词】innovate, innovation, innovator, news, newsprint, Non nova sed nove

词根词缀：novem-

【来源及含义】Latin: nine; a number used as a prefix

【同源单词】November, novemdecillion, novena, novennial

词根词缀：novercal-, noverca-

【来源及含义】Latin: stepmother

【同源单词】novercal, novercant, novercaphobia

词根词缀：nox-, noxi-, noc-, nui-, nec-

【来源及含义】Latin: harmful, to do harm; injury, injurious; hurt, damage

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "wound, harm, hurt, injure": noci-; traumat-; vulner-.

【同源单词】innocence, innocency, innocent, innocently, innocuous, innocuously

词根词缀：nub-, nup-

【来源及含义】Latin: from the stem of nubere, "to marry, to wed"

【同源单词】antenuptial, antenuptial agreement, anuptaphobia, connubial, connubiality, nubile

词根词缀：nubi-, nub-

【来源及含义】Latin: cloud, fog; shade; dark or obscure, not easy to comprehend

【同源单词】Caput inter nubila condit, nuance, nubecula, nubia, nubiferous, nubiform

词根词缀：nuch-, nucha-

【来源及含义】Medical Latin: neck; of the neck; nape of the neck

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications: "back, backside" word units: dorso- (back, on the back); lumbo- (loin, lower back); pygo- (rump, rear end, back side).
Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; coll-; esophag-; guttur-; laryng-; trachel-.

【同源单词】nucha, nuchal, nuchal ligament, nuchal planum, nuchal rigidity, nuchal tubercle

词根词缀：nuci-

【来源及含义】Latin: nux-, nuc-, nut

【同源单词】nuciferous, nuciform, nucivore, nucivorous

词根词缀：nucle-, nucleo-, nuc-

【来源及含义】Latin: nut, kernel of a nut; stone of a fruit; central part of a cell

【同源单词】bionucleonics, infectious mononucleosis, internuclear, intranuclear, macronucleus, meganucleus

词根词缀：nudo-, nudi-, nud-

【来源及含义】Latin: naked, uncovered or without clothing

【相关词根词缀】 A related "naked, nude; uncovered" word family: gymno-, gymn-.

【同源单词】denudate, denude, hypnudism, nude, nudely, nudeness

词根词缀：nuga-

【来源及含义】Latin: trifling; useless, worthless

【同源单词】nugacious, nugaciousness, nugacity, nugatorily, nugatory, nugiperous

词根词缀：nul-, null-, nulli-

【来源及含义】Latin: not one, not any, none, nothing

【同源单词】Aliquis in omnibus, annul, annullable, annulment, Fortuna multis dat nimis, Fortuna obesse nulli contenta est semel

词根词缀：numen-, numin-

【来源及含义】Latin: nod of the head; divine power, divine will, divine command, divinity, god

【同源单词】numen, numen, Numen flumenque, numenism, numinal, numinosity

词根词缀：numer-, number-

【来源及含义】Latin: distribution; to count, to reckon

【同源单词】alphanumeric, alphanumerical, alphanumerics, annumerate, annumeration, apocalyptic number

词根词缀：nutri-, nutrit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to nourish, to feed, to nurse, to foster, to support, to preserve

【同源单词】malnutrition, nutraceutical, nutrication, nutriculture, nutrient, nutrify

词根词缀：nycti-, nyct-, nycto-, nyc-

【来源及含义】Greek: night; a relationship to darkness, dark

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; melan-; nigri-; nocti-; scoto-; skio-; umbra-. Another related "night" unit: nocti-.

【同源单词】epinyctal, epinyctis, geonyctitropism, nychthemeron, nyctalopia, nyctamblyopia

词根词缀：nympho-, nymph-

【来源及含义】Greek: young bride; woman of marriageable age

【同源单词】nymph, nympha, nymphae, Nymphaea, nymphal, Nymphalidae

词根词缀：ob-1

【来源及含义】Latin: toward, to, before

【相关描述】Before c, ob- becomes oc-; before f, ob- becomes of-; before g, ob- becomes og-; before p, ob- becomes op-; before m, ob- becomes o-

【同源单词】oblige, obsequious, obstetrics, obverse, obvert, offer

词根词缀：ob-2

【来源及含义】Latin: against

【相关描述】Before c, ob- becomes oc-; before f, ob- becomes of-; before g, ob- becomes og-; before p, ob- becomes op-; before m, ob- becomes o-

【同源单词】obduracy, obdurate, object, objection, objectionable, objective

词根词缀：ob-3

【来源及含义】Latin: across, over, upon

【相关描述】Before c, ob- becomes oc-; before f, ob- becomes of-; before g, ob- becomes og-; before p, ob- becomes op-; before m, ob- becomes o-

【同源单词】obfuscate, obscure

词根词缀：ob-4

【来源及含义】Latin: down

【相关描述】Before c, ob- becomes oc-; before f, ob- becomes of-; before g, ob- becomes og-; before p, ob- becomes op-; before m, ob- becomes o-

【同源单词】occasion

词根词缀：ob-5

【来源及含义】Latin: completely, totally

【相关描述】Before c, ob- becomes oc-; before f, ob- becomes of-; before g, ob- becomes og-; before p, ob- becomes op-; before m, ob- becomes o-

【同源单词】observe, obsess, obsolete, obsoletely, obsoleteness, occupy

词根词缀：obeso-, obes-

【来源及含义】Latin: fat, corpulent

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; oleo-; omento-; pimelo-; pio-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】antiobesic, bibliobesity, obese, obesity, obesoclinity, obesogen

词根词缀：oblivio-, oblivi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to forget, forgetfulness

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "forget, forgetfulness" word families: aletho-; letho-. Related "memory, remember" word families: memor-; mne-.

【同源单词】oblivescence, obliviate, obliviator, oblivion, oblivionize, oblivions

词根词缀：obscen-

【来源及含义】Latin: offensive, disgusting, foul, loathsome, repulsive

【相关描述】Etymology is of obscenus is unknown. There is no authoritative agreement as to the true origin of this Latin element.

【同源单词】antiobscenity, nonobscene, obscene, obscenely, obsceneness, obscenities

词根词缀：obscur-

【来源及含义】Latin: dark, dusky; indistinct, uncertain; unintelligible; vague; ambiguous

【同源单词】Brevis esse laboro, obscurant, obscurant, obscurantism, obscurantist, obscuration

词根词缀：obsolesc-, obsolescent-, obsolet-

【来源及含义】Latin: to wear out, to grow old; to fall into disuse; to grow out of use; elderly, older

【相关词根词缀】 Related "old; old age, elder" units: gero-; presbyo-; sen-; veter-.

【同源单词】obsolesce, obsolesced, obsolescence, obsolescent, obsolescently, obsolescing

词根词缀：obtusi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to blunt, dull; from ob- "against" plus tundere, "to beat, strike"

【同源单词】blunt, bluntness, obtuse, obtuseness, obtusilingual, obtusion

词根词缀：occult-

【来源及含义】Latin: secret, hidden, concealed

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": ceal-; clandesti-; crypto-; myster-; orgy; stego-, stegano-.

【同源单词】occult, occult, occult, occult blood, occult mineral, occult science

词根词缀：oceano-, ocean-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: "the great river encompassing the whole earth"; hence, the "great Outward Sea" [as opposed to the "Inward" or Mediterranean]; the ocean

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean). Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": amni-; fluvio-; meand-; potamo-; ripari-.

【同源单词】Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, bio-oceanography, Indian Ocean, ocean, ocean energy

词根词缀：ocelli-, ocell-

【来源及含义】Latin: "little eye", a diminutive of oculus, "eye"; spotted, dotted; as if with tiny eyes

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】biocellate, ocellar, ocellary, ocellate, ocellated turkey, ocellated

词根词缀：ochlo-, ochl-

【来源及含义】Greek: mob [people]

【相关词根词缀】Related "people, human" word units: anthropo-; demo-; ethno-; popu-; publi-.

【同源单词】ochlesis, ochlocracy, ochlocratic, ochlomania, ochlophilia, ochlophobia

词根词缀：ochro-, ochr-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color yellow; pale, wan, or sallow

【同源单词】ocher, ochroid, ochrometer, xantochroi

词根词缀：ochtho-, ochth-

【来源及含义】Greek: any elevation, bank, hill, mound

【同源单词】ochthophile, ochthophily, ochthophyte

词根词缀：octa-, octo-, oct-, octi-, octon-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: eight, eighth

【同源单词】octachord, octad, octagon, octagonal, octagynous, octahedral

词根词缀：oculo-, ocul-

【来源及含义】Latin: eye[s]; sight

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】ad oculos, Aliena vitia in oculis habemus, antler, autoinoculation, binocle, binocular

词根词缀：odi-, noi-, noy-

【来源及含义】Latin: to hate, hatred, hateful; despise

【相关词根词缀】 Related "hate, hatred" word sources: miso-; stygio-.

【同源单词】annoy, annoyance, annoyer, annoying, annoyingly, ennui

词根词缀：odori-, odor-, odoro-

【来源及含义】Latin: smell [noun form]

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; brom-; olfacto-; osmo-; osphresio-; ozon-.

【同源单词】cacodorous, Cucumis melo inodorus, deodorant, deodorization, deodorize, deodorizer

词根词缀：oeno-, oen-, eno-, oino-, oin-

【来源及含义】Greek: wine

【相关描述】This element is often spelled eno-, as in "enology".

【同源单词】enology, enomania, oenanthate, oenanthic, oenanthin, oenologist

词根词缀：oestr-, oestro-, estr-, estro-

【来源及含义】Greek: a strong desire, orgasm; the sting of a gadfly, anything that drives one mad

【同源单词】estrogen, estrogen therapy, estrogenic, estrogenicity, estromania, oestromania

词根词缀：oiko-, oik-, oikio-, oico-

【来源及含义】Greek: house, dwelling, home

【相关描述】The words in this unit are a variant spelling for eco- elements.

【同源单词】oikofugia, oikofugic, oikology, oikomania, oikonisus, oikonomia

词根词缀：oleo-, ole-, -oleic, ol-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: [olive] oil; fat

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; omento-; pimelo-; pio-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】eleotherapy, lanolin, linoleate, linoleic acid, linoleum, oleaginous

词根词缀：olfacto-, olfact-

【来源及含义】Latin: to smell; pertaining to the sense of smell; scent; to cause to smell at

【相关描述】From Latin olfactorius, from olfactus, olfacere, "to get the smell of, to sniff"; from olere, "to smell" + facere, "to make, to do".

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; brom-; odor-, odori-; osmo-; osphresio-; ozon-.

【同源单词】anterior olfactory nucleus, electro-olfactogram, fila olfactoria, olfact, olfactant, olfactible

词根词缀：olig-, oligo-

【来源及含义】Greek: prefix; scanty, little, meager, tiny, infrequent; abnormally few or small

【相关词根词缀】Related "few, small, less, little" word units: micro-; mini-; mio-, meio-; nano-.

【同源单词】oligacanthous, oligandrous, oliganthous, oligarch, oligarchic, oligarchical

词根词缀：olive-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > French: the tree Olea europaea, used in its etymological sense

【同源单词】accessory olive, oliva, olivaceous, olivary, olivary, olivaster

词根词缀：ombro-, ombr-

【来源及含义】Greek: rain, rainstorm; showers of rain; aqueous vapor in the atmosphere; precipitation or falling down from the sky of a form of water; such as, rain, snow, hail, sleet, or mist

【同源单词】ombratropic, ombratropism, ombrocleistogamic, ombrocleistogamy, ombrocole, ombrogenous

词根词缀：omento-, oment-

【来源及含义】Latin: fat, adipose tissue; and by extension, caul, intestines

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; pimelo-; pio-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】omental, omentectomy, omentitis, omentofixation, omentoplasty, omentoportography

词根词缀：ommat-, ommato-

【来源及含义】Greek: eye

【同源单词】basommatophora, ommateal, ommateum, ommatophobia, ommatophore, polyommatous

词根词缀：omni-, omn-

【来源及含义】Latin: all, every

【相关词根词缀】 Related "all, every" word unit: pan-, panto-.

【同源单词】Absque argento omnia vana, Aliquis in omnibus, all, Amor vincit omnia, ante omnia, brychomnivorous

词根词缀：omo-

【来源及含义】Greek: raw, unripe

【同源单词】omomania, omophagist, omophilia, omophobia, omositia, omphacine

词根词缀：omo-, om-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: shoulder

【同源单词】omarthritis, omitis, omodynia, omohyoid, omoplate, omosternum

词根词缀：omphalo-, omphal-

【来源及含义】Greek: navel, umbilicus; pertaining to the navel or to the umbilicus

【同源单词】cirsomphalous, exomphalos, omphalectomy, omphalelcosis, omphalic, omphalitis

词根词缀：onco-, onc-, onch-, oncho-, onci-

【来源及含义】Greek: barb, hook

【同源单词】Onchidium, Onchocerca, Onchocerca gibsoni, Onchocerca lienalis, onchocerciasis, onchocercoma

词根词缀：oneiro-, oneir-, oniro-, onir-, -neir-

【来源及含义】Greek: dream

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sleep" units: dorm-; hypno-; letho-; narco-; somni-; sopor-.

【同源单词】euneirophrenia, malneirophrenia, mononeirist, nudoneiria, oneirataxia, oneiric

词根词缀：onio-

【来源及含义】Greek: sell, for sale; by extension, "buy"

【同源单词】oniochalasia, oniomania, oniomaniac

词根词缀：onomato-, onoma-, onomo-, onom-, ono-

【来源及含义】Greek: name or word

【相关词根词缀】Related "name" units: nom-; -onym.
Related "word, words" units: etym-; legi-; lexico-; locu-; logo-; -onym; verbo-.

【同源单词】antonomasia, nomatophobia, onomancy, onomantist, onomasiology, onomastic

词根词缀：onto-, ont-

【来源及含义】Greek: a being, individual; being, existence

【同源单词】ontocycle, ontogenesis, ontogenetic, ontogenize, ontogeny, ontogeny

词根词缀：onus-, oner-

【来源及含义】Latin: burden, load

【同源单词】exonerate, exonerated, exoneration, exonerative, exonerator, onerary

词根词缀：onych-, onycho-, ony-, -onychia, -onychial, -onychium, -onyx-

【来源及含义】Greek: claw, nail; fingernails, toenails

【相关词根词缀】A cross reference, directly or indirectly, involving a word unit meaning "nail (finger, toe); claw": ungu-.

【同源单词】acronychous, acronyx, anonychia, anonychosis, Baryonyx Walkeri, dolichonychia

词根词缀：oo-

【来源及含义】Greek: egg or eggs; used in an extended sense as the ovum

【同源单词】ooblast, oocenter, oocephalus, oocinesia, oocinesis, oocinete

词根词缀：oophoro-, oophor-

【来源及含义】Greek: ovary, egg [literally, "egg-carrier"; extended to mean ovary]

【同源单词】oophorectomize, oophorectomy, oophorites, oophoritis, oophorocystectomy, oophorocystosis

词根词缀：opaqu-

【来源及含义】Latin: not transparent nor translucent, not clear, unable to shine through; shaded, shady; dark; no luster; not clearly understood or expressed

【同源单词】electron opaque tracer, Isopaque, nonopaque, opacity, opaque projector, opaque

词根词缀：oper-

【来源及含义】Latin: to close, to enclose, to cover

【同源单词】cover, coverlet, covert, covert-feme, covertly, covertness

词根词缀：opin-

【来源及含义】Latin: to suppose, to think, to judge

【同源单词】opine, opined, opines, opining, opinion, opinionable

词根词缀：opio-, opi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: poppy juice; from the juice of plants or fruits

【同源单词】opiomania, opiophagism, opiophagy, opium, opiumism

词根词缀：opistho-, opisth-

【来源及含义】Greek: backward; behind, at the back, after, posterior

【同源单词】opisthaptor, opisthenar, opisthencephalon, opisthiobasial, opisthion, opisthionasial

词根词缀：opo-, op-

【来源及含义】Greek: juice

【同源单词】opobalsamum, opodeldoc, opotherapy

词根词缀：opprobri-

【来源及含义】Latin: scorn, disgraceful; shameful conduct, insulting, disrespectful, contemptuous remarks

【同源单词】nonopprobrious, nonopprobriously, nonopprobriousness, opprobrious, opprobriously, opprobriousness

词根词缀：opsi-, ops-

【来源及含义】Greek: late, later

【同源单词】opsanthosis, opsidentia, opsigamy, opsigenes, opsimath, opsimathy

词根词缀：optim-

【来源及含义】Latin: best, exceptionally good

【同源单词】Amicus optima vitae possessio, Magnus opus, Nil nisi optimum, optimal, optimal allocation, optimal control

词根词缀：opulen-

【来源及含义】Latin: wealth, wealthy, rich [power, might; abundance, plenty]

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】copiosity, copious, copiously, copiousness, copy, cornucopia

词根词缀：ora-, or-, orat-; os-

【来源及含义】Latin: oris, mouth, face; opening, entrance; talk, speak, say

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-. A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】aborad, aboral, adorable, adorably, adoral, adoration

词根词缀：orb-, orbito-

【来源及含义】Latin: rut or track made in the ground by a wheel; circle, ring, round surface, disk

【相关描述】Also used in its extended anatomical sense as, "the portion of the skull immediately surrounding the eye".

【同源单词】anteorbital, deorbit, exorbitance, exorbitancy, exorbitant, exorbitantly

词根词缀：orc-, orca-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a kind of whale; large sea creature

【同源单词】orca, Orca destructor, Orcinus orca

词根词缀：orches-

【来源及含义】Greek: dance, pertaining to dancing

【同源单词】orchesograph, orchesography, orchestic, orchestics, orchestra, orchestral

词根词缀：orgado-, orgad-

【来源及含义】Greek: open woodland, meadow, field

【同源单词】orgadocoline, orgadocolous, orgadophile, orgadophily, orgadophyte

词根词缀：organo-, organ-

【来源及含义】Greek: an organized structure; pertaining to a specific bodily part with a specific function or set of functions; instrument, tool, implement

【同源单词】bioinorganic, bio-organic, chemoorganotrophic, cosmorganic, electric organ, electric organs

词根词缀：oriri-, orir-, ori-, or-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rise, arising, to be born, source, original; the rising sun, east; to ascend, to spring up, to become visible, to appear

【同源单词】Ab origine, Ab origine fidelis, aboriginal, aboriginally, aboriginary, aborigine

词根词缀：orn-

【来源及含义】Latin: to equip; to prepare, to furnish, to fit out

【同源单词】adorn, adornment, ornament, ornamental, ornamentally, ornamentation

词根词缀：ornitho-, ornith-, -ornithic, -ornithes, -ornithoid, -ornis, ornis-

【来源及含义】Greek: bird, birds

【同源单词】dinornithic, ichthyornis, notornis, ornighopus, ornighorynchous, ornis

词根词缀：oro-, or-, ori-

【来源及含义】Latin: mouth, face; referring to the "mouth"

【同源单词】oroantral, orofacial, orofaciodigital syndrome, orolingual, oromaxilla, oronasal

词根词缀：oro-, oreo-, ore-, oreino-, orein-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: mountain; hill

【同源单词】bathyorographical, bathyorography, Oread, Oreodon, Oreodont, oreography

词根词缀：oro-, orrho-

【来源及含义】Greek: whey, serum

【相关词根词缀】Serum, whey words are also at this sero-, ser- unit.

【同源单词】orrhology, orrhomeningitis, orrhoreaction, orrhorrhea, orrhotherapy

词根词缀：ortho-, orth-

【来源及含义】Greek: right, straight, correct, true; designed to correct

【同源单词】anorthographic, anorthography, anorthopia, anorthosis, diorthosis, orthergasia

词根词缀：orycto-, oryct-

【来源及含义】Greek: fossil, mineral; dug, dig; literally "thing dug"

【同源单词】oryctere, orycterope, Orycteropus, oryctognosis, oryctognostic, oryctognosy

词根词缀：oryzo, oryz-, oryzi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: rice

【同源单词】Oryza, Oryzaglaberrima, Oryzasativa, Oryzomys, Oryzopsis

词根词缀：os-, oss-, ost-, oste- os [singular] or ossa [plural]

【来源及含义】Latin: bone

【同源单词】deossification, interosseous, ossature, osseous, ossicle, ossiculectomy

词根词缀：oscheo-, osche-

【来源及含义】Greek: scrotum; a combining form denoting relationship to the scrotum or the pouch of skin which contains the testes, epididymides, and lower portions of the spermatic cords

【同源单词】orchioscheocele, oscheal, oscheitis, oschelephantiasis, oscheocele, oscheohydrocele

词根词缀：oscillo-, oscill-

【来源及含义】Latin: swing, vibrate, move, motion; from oscillum, a diminutive form of osoris, "mouth, face, small face"

【相关描述】By extension, "small mask of the god Bacchus" that was hung in Roman vineyards to honor the god of wine while scaring off grape-eating birds as it vibrated and swang in the breeze.

【相关词根词缀】Related "move, motion" word units: cine-; kine-; mobil-; mot-, mov-; seismo-; vibro-.

【同源单词】oscilla, oscillance, oscillancy, oscillaria, oscillate, oscillating

词根词缀：oscit-

【来源及含义】Latin: yawning, the act of yawning; to gape [see the definitions for these words below]

【相关描述】From os, "mouth".

【同源单词】gap, gape, oscedo, oscitance, oscitancies, oscitancy

词根词缀：oscula-

【来源及含义】Latin: kiss; from "little mouth"; lip [diminutive of os-, "mouth"]

【同源单词】adosculation, deosculate, deosculation, exosculate, inosculate, inosculation

词根词缀：osmo-, osmia-, osmi-, osm-, -osmia, -osmatic (smell)

【来源及含义】Greek: odor; smell, smelling

【相关描述】Don't confuse this osmo- word-unit with another osmo- unit meaning "impulse, thrust".

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; brom-; odor-, odori-; olfacto-; osphresio-; ozon-.

【同源单词】allotriosmia, anosmatic, anosmia gustatoria, anosmia, anosmic, anosmic

词根词缀：osmo-, osmia-, osmi-, -osmia, -osmatic (push)

【来源及含义】Greek: impulse, thrust, push, impel

【相关描述】Don't confuse this osmo- word-unit with another osmo- unit meaning "smell, odor".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "push, shove, thrust": pel-; puls-; trud-.

【同源单词】biosmosis, chemosmosis, electroendosmosis, electro-osmosis, endosmosis, endosmotic

词根词缀：osphresio-, osphresi-

【来源及含义】Greek: to smell; pertaining to odor or to the sense of smell

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; brom-; odor-, odori-; olfacto-; osmo-; ozon-.

【同源单词】anosmia gustatoria, hyperosphresia, hyposphresia, olfactophobia, osphresia, osphresiolagnia

词根词缀：osphy-, osphyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: loin

【同源单词】osphyalgia, osphyitis, osphyomyelitis

词根词缀：osseo-, osse-, ossi-

【来源及含义】Latin: bone, bony

【同源单词】ossein, osseoaponeurotic, osseocartilaginous, osseoligamentous, osseosonometer, osseosonometry

词根词缀：osteo-, oste-, ost-

【来源及含义】Greek: bone

【同源单词】acroosteolysis, anti-osteoporosis, centro-osteosclerosis, electrically stimulated osteogenesis, endosteoma, fibro-osteoma

词根词缀：ostro-

【来源及含义】Latin: east

【同源单词】Ostrogoth, Ostrogothic

词根词缀：oti-, otio-

【来源及含义】Latin: leisure, at leisure; at ease; idle

【同源单词】negotiability, negotiable, negotiate, negotiation, negotiatrix, non-negotiable

词根词缀：ova-

【来源及含义】Latin: egg

【同源单词】ova, oval, ovariotomy, ovaritis, ovary, ovate

词根词缀：ovo-

【来源及含义】Latin: egg

【同源单词】Ab ovo, Ab ovo usque ad mala, ovocenter, ovocyte, ovoflavin, ovogenesis

词根词缀：ovum-, ovu-

【来源及含义】Latin: egg

【同源单词】anovulant, ovula, ovular, ovulase, ovulate, ovulation

词根词缀：ox-

【来源及含义】Indo-European > Old English: male bovine

【相关词根词缀】Related "bovine; cow, ox, bull" word units: bou-; bovo-; tauro-; vaccino-.

【同源单词】Grunting Ox, Ox, ox

词根词缀：oxal-, ox-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: wood sorrel; the leaves of the wood sorrel are acidic to the taste

【同源单词】hyperoxaluria, oxalate, oxalated, oxalation, oxalemia, oxalic acid

词根词缀：ozono-, ozon-, ozoni-, ozo-, oz-

【来源及含义】Greek: to smell; stink; generally used in a bad sense

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "smell, odor": arom-; brom-; odor-, odori-; olfacto-; osmo-; osphresio-.

【同源单词】Ozaena, ozena laryngis, ozenous, ozocerite, ozochrotia, ozochrotous

词根词缀：pac-, peac-, peas-

【来源及含义】Latin: peace, peaceful, calm, quiet; eased anger or agitation

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "calm, calmness, peace, quiet": plac-; quies-, quiet-; seren-.

【同源单词】Abi in pace, appeasableness, appeasably, appease, appeasement, appeaser

词根词缀：pachy-, pacho-, pach-

【来源及含义】Greek: thick, dense; large, massive

【相关描述】This element is used in the formation of botanical, zoological, and pathological or medical terms.

【同源单词】acropachy, acropachyderma, blepharopachynsis, isopach, isopachous, isopachy

词根词缀：pago-, pag- (cold, freezing)

【来源及含义】Greek: cold, frost, freezing; fixed or hardened; united

【相关描述】Be aware that there is another Greek pago- unit that refers to a "peak"; however, it is used by biologists and ecologists in the restricted sense of "foothill".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】pagon, pagophagia, pagophile, pagophilia, pagophilous, Pagophilus

词根词缀：pago-, pag- (peak)

【来源及含义】Greek: a "peak", but used by ecologists in the restricted sense of "foothill"

【相关描述】Be aware that there is another Greek pago- unit that refers to "ice".

【同源单词】pagophilous, pagophily, pagophyte

词根词缀：pago-, pag-, pagan-

【来源及含义】Latin: originally, country area, province; villager; more recent meanings: heathen, atheist; idolatrous, idol worshippers; heretic, heretical

【同源单词】neopagan, neopagan, neopaganism, neopaganist, neopaganize, pagan

词根词缀：palaeo-, palae-, paleo-, pale-

【来源及含义】Greek: original, ancient, primitive, old

【同源单词】ichthyopaleontology, palaeacanthocephala, palae-ethnology, palaeoclimatology, palaeoichnology, palaeontology

词根词缀：palato-, palat-

【来源及含义】Latin: roof of the mouth

【同源单词】alveolopalatal, epalate, glossopalatine, glossopalatolabial, impalatable, mediopalatine

词根词缀：pali-; palim-, palin-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: recurrence, repetitious; back, backward, again; returning, repeating

【同源单词】palicinesia, paligraphia, palikinesia, palilalia, palilexia, palilogia

词根词缀：pall-

【来源及含义】Greek: shake, vibration

【同源单词】apallesthesia, hyperpallesthesia, hypopallesthesia, pallanesthesia, pallanesthesia, pallesthesia

词根词缀：palli-, pallio, pallit-

【来源及含义】Latin: mantle, covering; cloak

【相关描述】 To palliate, extenuate, cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus palliate approaches extenuate until they have become nearly or quite identical .

【同源单词】pallia, palliament, palliate, palliated, palliation, palliative

词根词缀：palmati-

【来源及含义】Latin: marked with the palm of the hand; adorned with palm leaves; used primarily in the sense of "having five lobes that diverge from a common center" [as fingers from an open palm]

【同源单词】fassipalmate, palmate, palmature, semipalmate, semipalmated, totipalmate

词根词缀：palp-, palpo-, palpi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to touch gently, to stroke; to pat

【同源单词】impalpability, impalpable, impalpably, labipalpus, light touch palpation, longipalp

词根词缀：palpebr-

【来源及含义】Latin: eyelid, eyelids

【同源单词】acousticopalpebral, interpalpebral, palpebra, palpebra inferior, palpebra superior, palpebral

词根词缀：paludi-, palud-

【来源及含义】Latin: marsh, marshes, marshy; malarial

【同源单词】paludal, paludic, Paludicella, paludicoline, paludicolous, paludiferous

词根词缀：palyn-

【来源及含义】Greek: pollen, spores

【同源单词】palynologic, palynological, palynologically, palynologist, palynology

词根词缀：pan-

【来源及含义】Latin: panis, bread

【同源单词】accompaniment, accompany, companion, companionable, companionship, panarium

词根词缀：pan-, panto-, pant-

【来源及含义】Greek: all, every, entire

【相关词根词缀】 Related "all, every" word unit: omni-.

【同源单词】apantomancy, orthopantograph, orthopantomography, Pan, panacea, Pan-American

词根词缀：pancre-, pancreo-, pancreat-, pancreato-, pancreatic-, pancreatico-

【来源及含义】Greek: pancreas [pan, "all" plus kreas, "flesh"; the idea apparently being that the pancreas is an organ composed entirely of glandular flesh]

【同源单词】angiopancreatitis, apancreatic, cholangiopancreatography, duodenopancreatectomy, hypopancreorrhea, lienopancreatic

词根词缀：pand-, pans-, pass-

【来源及含义】Latin: stretch, stretching; spread, spreading

【同源单词】expand, expander, expanse, expansibility, expansible, expansibleness

词根词缀：papaver-

【来源及含义】Latin: poppy; used in extended senses to mean "pertaining to, containing, or derived from opium"

【同源单词】papaver, papaveraceous, papaveretum, papaverine, papavero, papaverous

词根词缀：papillo-, papill-, papilli-

【来源及含义】Latin: nipple; nipple-shaped elevation or growth

【同源单词】human papilloma viruses, juxtapapillary, myxopapilloma, papilla, papilla of the breast, papillary

词根词缀：papulo-, papul-, papuli-

【来源及含义】Latin: pimple, pustule

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil). Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】maculopapular, papilliferous, papule, papulopustular, papulosis, papulosquamous

词根词缀：papyro-, papyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: papyros > Latin > Old French; papyrus, an Egyptian rush [a reed plant] from which material was made for writing or drawing. Used in the sense of "fibrous material on which to write or to draw"; paper

【同源单词】papyr, papyraceous, papyral, papyrian, papyriferous, papyrin

词根词缀：par-, para-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make ready, to get ready, to put in order; to furnish, to prepare

【同源单词】absorption apparatus, acoustic apparatus, apparatus, apparatus digestorius, apparatus respiratorius, apparel

词根词缀：para-, par-

【来源及含义】Greek: by the side of, beside, past, beyond; contrary, wrong, irregular, abnormal

【同源单词】abdominal paracentesis, acroparalysis, acroparesthesia, Ad utrumque paratus, adelphoparasite, alloparasite

词根词缀：pare-, pari-, pear-

【来源及含义】Latin: to come forth, to be visible, to come in sight

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "appear, visible, visual, manifest, show, see, reveal, look": blep-; delo-; demonstra-; opt-; -orama; phanero-; phant-; pheno-; scopo-; spec-; vela-, veal-; video-, visuo-.

【同源单词】apparency, apparent, apparently, apparition, appear, appearance

词根词缀：pari-, par-

【来源及含义】Greek: same, equal, equality, equal value

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; peer; rhomb-; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】comparable, comparably, comparative, comparatively, comparativeness, compare

词根词缀：parieto-, pariet-

【来源及含义】Latin: wall [of a house], walls; used in the extended sense of "the walls of a cavity or organ of the body"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】anteroparietal, biparietal, frontoparietal, interparietal, intraparietal, Nomina stultorum parietibus haerent

词根词缀：part-, parti-

【来源及含义】Latin: part, parts, to divide

【同源单词】ad partes dolentes, apart, apartment, apartness, bipartisan, compartment

词根词缀：partheno-, partho-

【来源及含义】Greek: virgin, maiden, young girl

【同源单词】parhenogenetically, partheniad, parthenian, parthenic, parthenocarpy, parthenogenesis

词根词缀：parvo-, parvi-

【来源及含义】Latin: [parvus] small, little; minute, minuscule

【同源单词】multum in parvo, parvalbumin, parvalbumins, parvanimity, parvenu, parvicellular

词根词缀：pass-, pace-

【来源及含义】Latin: step, stepping

【同源单词】apace, astrocompass, compass, compasses, electronic pacemaker, encompass

词根词缀：pass-, pati-

【来源及含义】Latin: suffering, feeling; enduring

【相关词根词缀】 Related-word units meaning feeling: aesth-; senso-; patho-.

【同源单词】compassion, compassionate, compassionately, compassionless, compassive, compassivity

词根词缀：past-

词根词缀：patent-

【来源及含义】Latin: to be open, lying open, to lie open

【同源单词】patent, patentability, patentable, patentee, patently, patentor

词根词缀：pauci-

【来源及含义】Latin: few, little

【同源单词】Multi sunt vocati, pauciflorous, paucifoliate, pauciloquence, pauciloquency, pauciloquent

词根词缀：pecca-, pecc-

【来源及含义】Latin: to err, to sin, to commit a crime

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sin, sinful" word unit: harmarto-.

【同源单词】impeccability, impeccable, impeccably, peccability, peccable, peccadillo

词根词缀：pectoro-, pector-

【来源及含义】Latin: breast, chest

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pleuro-; sterno-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】Ab imo pectore, angina pectoris, expectorant, expectorate, expectoration, expectorative

词根词缀：pecu-, pecun-

【来源及含义】Latin: cattle, property in cattle; private property; money; particular

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "individual, personal": idio-; privat-, priv-.

【同源单词】Avarus non implebitur pecunia, impecuniosity, impecunious, impecuniously, impecuniousness, Nihil tam munitum quod non expugnari pecunia possit

词根词缀：pediculo-, pedicul-, pedico-, pedic-

【来源及含义】Latin: louse, lousy; of lice

【同源单词】pediculicide, pediculophobia, phthiriophobia

词根词缀：pedo-, paedo-, ped-, paed-, paido-, paid-

【来源及含义】Greek: child, boy; infant

【相关描述】The British tend to use paed- while those in the United States tend to use ped-. Remember that the Greek ped- means "child" while the Latin ped- means "foot". Don't confuse this Greek element with another Greek pedo- which means "ground, soil, earth".

【同源单词】callipedia, cyclopedia, cyclopedic, encyclopedia, encyclopedian, encyclopedic

词根词缀：pedo-, ped-

【来源及含义】Greek: pedon, ground, soil, earth

【相关描述】Don't confuse this Greek element with another Greek pedo- that means "child" or the Latin ped which means "foot".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】epipedos, ped, pedalfer, pedality, pediment, pediophilous

词根词缀：pejor-

【来源及含义】Latin: worse; diminish, weaken; inferior in quality or condition

【同源单词】impair, impairer, impairment, pejorate, pejoration, pejorative

词根词缀：pel-, pelo-

【来源及含义】Greek: mud, earth, clay

【相关描述】Don't confuse this pel- unit with another pel- group meaning "push, beat, strike, knock, drive".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】pelite, pelochthophile, pelochthophilous, pelochthophily, pelochthophyte, pelocole

词根词缀：pelago-, pelag-

【来源及含义】Greek [pelagos] > Latin [pelagicus]: sea, pertaining to the sea or ocean

【相关描述】Sea depths are estimates and the number of feet versus meters is calculated at 3.28 feet per meter.

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; plankto- (drifting); thalasso- (sea, ocean).

【同源单词】abyssopelagic, allopelagic, Archipel Indo-Australien, archipelago, autopelagic, bathypelagic

词根词缀：pelt-, pelto-, pelti-

【来源及含义】Greek: shield; small-light shield

【同源单词】bipeltate, pelta, peltast, peltastiform, peltated, peltation

词根词缀：pelvi-, pelvio-, pelvo-, pelyco-

【来源及含义】Latin: basin; basin-shaped structure of the body

【同源单词】abdominopelvic, android pelvis, asymmetrical pelvis, cephalopelvic, chronic idiopathic pelvic pain, dolichopellic

词根词缀：pemphig-, pemphi-

【来源及含义】Greek: pemphix, "blister"; blistering skin diseases or a swelling of the skin that contains watery fluid and is caused by burning or irritation; a bump or small swelling on or beneath the skin

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】benign familial chronic pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, erythematous pemphigus, pemphigoid, pemphigus contageosus, pemphigus erythematosus

词根词缀：penetra-, penetr-

【来源及含义】Latin: penetrare, penetratus, to go into, to enter, to pierce; to pass through, to pass into; a place within

【同源单词】impenetrable, impenetrableness, impenetrably, nonpenetrative, penetrability, penetrable

词根词缀：peni-, pen-

【来源及含义】Latin: paene, almost, nearly

【同源单词】antepenult, antepenultimate, antepenultimate, Baja California Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, peninsula

词根词缀：-penia- (s), -penias (pl), -penic, pen-, penia-

【来源及含义】Greek > Modern Latin: abnormal reduction, decrease in, insufficient, deficiency. Originally, the meaning was poverty, need; sometimes it is erroneously or incorrectly rendered as -poenia

【同源单词】calcipenia, chloropenia, cytoglucopenia, cytopenia, eosinopenia, erythroblastopenia

词根词缀：penna-

【来源及含义】Latin: feather, feathers; by extension in some situations, wing, wings

【相关词根词缀】 Related "feather, feather-like; soft down, plumage" word units: pinni-, pin-; plum-, -plume; pterido-; ptero-; ptilo-.

【同源单词】bipennate muscle, bipennate, brevipennate, empennage, impennate, longipennate

词根词缀：penta-, pent-, pente-, pento-

【来源及含义】Greek: five; a number used as a prefix

【同源单词】molybdenum pentachloride, pentacanth, pentacanthous, pentachord, pentacle, pentactinal

词根词缀：penthera-; penthero-

【来源及含义】Greek: mother-in-law; father-in-law

【同源单词】pentheraphilia, pentheraphobia, pentherophilia, pentherophobia

词根词缀：per-

【来源及含义】Latin: through, across, over; beyond, by means of

【同源单词】Ad astra per aspera, Ad augusta per angust, Ad perpetuam rei memoriam, Ad virtutem per sapientiam, ampersand, antiperspirant

词根词缀：peri-

【来源及含义】Greek: around, enclosing, surrounding, about, near, close; often used as a prefix

【相关词根词缀】 Related "around, round, surrounding" units: ambi-; ampho-; circ-; circum-; cyclo-, -cycle; gyro-.

【同源单词】abdominal fascia, adominoperineal, aeroperitonia, anoperineal, colpoperineoplasty, colpoperineorrhaphy

词根词缀：perine-, perineo-

【来源及含义】Greek: space between the scrotum or mons veneris and the anus

【同源单词】adominoperineal, anoperineal, colpoperineoplasty, colpoperineorrhaphy, episioperineoplasty, episioperineorrhaphy

词根词缀：perisso-, periss-

【来源及含义】Greek: extraordinary; superfluous, redundant; odd, odd-numbered

【同源单词】perissodactyl, Perissodactyla, perissodactylism, perissodactylous, perissology, perissoped

词根词缀：peristera-, perister-

【来源及含义】Greek: pigeon, dove

【同源单词】peresterophily, Peristeri, peristeria, peristerite, peristeromorphous, peristeronic

词根词缀：perit-, perien-, peri-

【来源及含义】Latin: test, tested; try; experiment; risk, danger, dangerous, hazardous

【同源单词】experience, experienced, experiential, experientialism, experientialist, experientially

词根词缀：pero-

【来源及含义】Greek: maimed, crippled; deformed, malformed

【同源单词】perobrachius, perocephalus, perocephaly, perochirus, perodactylus, perodactyly

词根词缀：persever-

【来源及含义】Latin: to continue steadfastly, to persist

【同源单词】Disciplina, Patientia et perseverantia, perseverance, Perseverando, perseverant, Perseverantia ad finem optatum

词根词缀：person-, parson-

【来源及含义】Latin: human being; originally, character in a drama, mask

【同源单词】dramatis personae, impersonal, impersonally, impersonate, impersonation, impersonator

词根词缀：pessim-

【来源及含义】Latin: bad, worst

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; dys-; mal-; mis-; sceler-.

【同源单词】Afro-pessimism, pessimal, pessimism, pessimist, pessimistic, pessimistically

词根词缀：pesti-, pest-

【来源及含义】Latin: plague, contagion

【同源单词】nonpersistent pesticide, persistent pesticide, pest, pest resurgence, pesthouse, pesticemia

词根词缀：peta-

【来源及含义】Greek: derived from penta-, "five"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】Used in the metric [decimal] system as one quadrillion [U.S.] or thousand billionfold [U.K.], 10¹⁵ [1 000 000 000 000 000] The metric symbol for peta- is P.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】petabecquerel, petabyte, petaflop, petaflops, petagram, petahertz

词根词缀：petalo-, petal-

【来源及含义】Greek: leaf; from the adjective petalos, "flat, spread out"

【同源单词】petal, petaliferous, petaliform, petalody, petaloid, petalomania

词根词缀：peti-, pet-, -pit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to aim at, aim for, go toward; to seek, seek out, ask, request; strive after

【同源单词】Ad perpetuam rei memoriam, appetence, appetency, appetent, appetently, appetite

词根词缀：petro-, petr-, petri-, peter-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: stone, rock

【相关词根词缀】 Related "stone, rock" word families: lapid-; litho-; saxi-; stele-.

【同源单词】Peter, petracide, petrichor, petricole, petricoline, petricolous

词根词缀：phaco-, phac-, phako-, phak-

【来源及含义】Greek: lentil [bean]; lens of the eye

【相关描述】So called because the lens of the eye resembles a lentil bean in appearance or shape.

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; pupillo-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】angiophakomatosis, erysiphake, ophthalmometer, ophthalmophacometer, phacoanaphylactic uveitis, phacoanaphylaxis

词根词缀：phaeo-, pheo-

【来源及含义】Greek: dusky; literally, having the color of the twilight sky

【同源单词】pheochrome, pheochromoblast, pheochromocytoma, pheomelanin, pheomelanosome, pheophorbide

词根词缀：phalacr-, phalacro-

【来源及含义】Greek: baldheaded, bald; smooth

【同源单词】phalacraphobia, phalacrespia, phalacroclinia, phalacrosis

词根词缀：phalang-, phalango-

【来源及含义】Greek via Latin: bone between two joints of a finger or toe; line of battle; from phalanx, heavy infantry in close order [from Greek antiquity]

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "toes" and "fingers": dactylo-; digit-; hallu-.

【同源单词】aphalangia, brachybasophalangia, brachymesophalangia, brachyphalangia, brachytelephalangia, drop phalangette

词根词缀：pharc-, phark-, pharcid-, pharcido-, pharkid-, pharkido-

【来源及含义】Greek: wrinkled, wrinkle

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "wrinkle, wrinkled; fold": rhytid-; rugo-.

【同源单词】pharcidectomy, pharcidoplasty, pharcidoscopia, pharcidous, pharcophobia, pharkidodes

词根词缀：pharis-, pharisa-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: pharisaios; from Aramaic prisayya; "those who are separate"

【同源单词】Pharisaic, Pharisaical, Pharisaism, Pharisee

词根词缀：pharyngo-, pharyng-

【来源及含义】Greek: pharynx [the alimentary canal between the palate and the esophagus]; part of the neck or throat

【同源单词】pharyngal, pharyngeal, pharyngectomy, pharyngismus, pharyngitis, pharyngocele

词根词缀：phello-, phell-

【来源及含义】Greek: cork, bark; cork tree; inner bark of trees

【同源单词】phellem, Phellodendron, phelloderm, phellodermal, phellogen, phellogenetic

词根词缀：phengo-, pheng-

【来源及含义】Greek: light, splendor, luster, sunlight, daylight

【相关描述】Don't confuse the words in this unit with those in the pheno-, phen- unit.

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-.

【同源单词】phengite, Phengodidae, phengophilous, phengophobia

词根词缀：pher-, phero-

【来源及含义】Greek: bear or carry; support; go

【相关描述】This unit is directly related to the apheresis word family.

【同源单词】alarm pheromone, hemapheresis, pheresis, pheromonal, pheromone, pheromone plume

词根词缀：philema-, philem-, philemato-, philemat-

【来源及含义】Greek: kiss, a kiss; kissing

【同源单词】kiss, paraphilema, paraphilemia, philema, philemacentric, philemalagnia

词根词缀：phlego-, phleg-

【来源及含义】Greek [phlegmatikos] and Latin [phlegmaticus]: heat, inflammation; burn, inflame

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】adenophlegmon, apophlegmatism, Phlegethon, phlegethontal, phlegm, phlegmagogue

词根词缀：phlogo-, phlog-

【来源及含义】Greek: fire, flame; inflammation

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】antiphlogistian, antiphlogistic, aphlogistic, dephlogisticate, dephlogisticated, phlogistian

词根词缀：phocomel-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bodily malformations; from "seal fins"; a sea calf

【同源单词】phocomelia, phocomelic, phocomelic dwarfism, phocomelus, phocomely

词根词缀：phon-, phono-

【来源及含义】Greek: (classic and modern) phono, phonos; slaughter, kill, murder, homicide

【相关描述】Don't confuse this phono-, phon- with another phono-, phon-, etc. that means "sound, voice, speech". In Greek, a distinction is made between the phonos (PHOH nohs), "murder", which is spelled with the letter omicron in the last syllable; and the Greek phonos (phoh NOHS), "voice", which is spelled with the letter omega in the last syllable. Both omicron and omega became the letter "o" in English.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; mort-; neci-; necro-; thanato-.

【同源单词】androphonomania, Androphonos, autophonomania, buphonia, phonomania, phonos

词根词缀：phos-

【来源及含义】Greek: light

【同源单词】phosphene

词根词缀：phospho-, phosph-, phosphoro-, phosphor-

【来源及含义】Greek: light, light bringer, shine; morning star; a nonmetallic chemical element that ignites when exposed to air

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-; splendo-.

【同源单词】dephosphorize, dephosphorylation, phosphate, phosphaturia, phosphene, phosphide

词根词缀：phreat-, phreato-, phreati-

【来源及含义】Greek: a well, a tank, a reservoir; ground water

【相关描述】Another form of phret-.

【同源单词】halophreatophyte, phreatic, phreaticole, phreaticolous, phreatobiology, phreatophilous

词根词缀：phret-, phreto-

【来源及含义】Greek: phreatia, a well, a reservoir, a tank; a cistern, a pit

【相关描述】See this phreat- unit for other closely related word entries.

【同源单词】phreticolous, phretobiology, phretophile, phretophilous, phretophyte

词根词缀：phront-, phorntid-; phronemo-, phron-

【来源及含义】Greek: thought, care, attention; think, thinking, contemplation

【相关描述】The Greeks had a word, phrontisterion, to indicate a place for thought and study or a "thinking-shop" (think tank?). Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 380 B.C.), was an Athenian dramatist who is known to have written more than 40 comedies that gave satiric expression to his strong, conservative prejudices against certain trends and personalities in the Athens of his day. It was this Aristophanes who used the Greek equivalent of phrontistery to ridicule the school of Socrates.

The Greek noun was derived from phrontistes (philosopher, profound thinker, one with intellectual pretensions) from the verb phrontizein (to reflect), based on phrontis (thought, reflection). The word phrontist applies to a "deep thinker," a "person involved in study, reflection, meditation," and it, too, in its Greek form, was applied ironically by Aristophanes to Socrates himself.

【同源单词】philophronesis, phronemophobia, phronesis, phronosis, phrontifugic, phrontistery

词根词缀：phryno-, phryn-

【来源及含义】Greek: toad

【同源单词】phrynin, phrynoderma, phrynodermia, phrynolysin, phrynolysine, Phrynosoma

词根词缀：phtheir-, phtheiro-, phthiri-, phthirio-

【来源及含义】Greek: louse, lice

【同源单词】Phthiraptera, phthiriasis, phthiriophobia, phthirophagous, Phthirus, Phthirus pubis

词根词缀：phyco-, phyc-

【来源及含义】Greek: alga, algae; seaweed

【同源单词】phycobiont, phycochrome, phycocoenoloby, phycocyanin, phycograph, phycographic

词根词缀：phylacto-, phylact-, phylac-, phylax-

【来源及含义】Greek: guard, protect, preserve

【同源单词】anaphylactic, anaphylaxis, biophylactic, biophylaxis, chemoprophylaxis, crymophylactic

词根词缀：phylo-, phyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: tribe, race; class; clan

【同源单词】homophylic, monophyletic, myrmecophyte, phyla, phylae, phylarch

词根词缀：phys-, physo-

【来源及含义】Greek: breath, wind; pertaining to air or gas; bellows, bladder, bubble; swollen; as seen in many modern scientific terms

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】physocarpous, physocele, physocephaly, physocleistous, physogastrism, physograde

词根词缀：physalo-, physal-, physali-

【来源及含义】Greek: bubble

【同源单词】physaliform, physaliphorous, physalis, physallization, Physaloptera, physalopteriasis

词根词缀：physic-, physico-, physi-, physio-, phy-

【来源及含义】Greek: nature, natural, inborn [to make grow, to produce]

【同源单词】abiophysiology, adenohypophysis, adenohypophysitis, aerophysics, aesthophysiology, anapophysis

词根词缀：pici-, pic-

【来源及含义】Latin: woodpecker

【同源单词】Picidae, piciform, Piciformes, Picinae, picine, picoid

词根词缀：pico-

【来源及含义】Italian: very small or from Spanish, "beak, tip, very small"; and from Latin, beccus, beak; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】This prefix is used in metric [decimal] system as trillionth [U.S.] and billionth part [U.K.], 10^-12 [0.000 000 000 001]. The metric symbol for pico- is p.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】picoammeter, picoampere, picocurie, picofarad, picogram, picokelvin

词根词缀：picro-, picr-

【来源及含义】Greek: bitter, sharp, pungent

【同源单词】picric, picrocarmine, picrogeusia, picrorrhiza, picrotoxin, picrotoxinin

词根词缀：pict-, paint-

【来源及含义】Latin: paint, painting; picture

【相关描述】This unit of "paint" words is directly related to the pigment- family of words.

【同源单词】depict, depicted, depicter, depiction, depicture, impictured

词根词缀：piet-, pious-

【来源及含义】Latin: from pius, dutiful, dutiful conduct; kind, kindness; devout; compassion

【同源单词】expiable, expiate, expiation, expiatory, impiety, impious

词根词缀：piezo-, piez-

【来源及含义】Greek: to press; pressure; to squeeze

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": electro-; galvano-; hodo-; ion-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.

【同源单词】phlebopiezometry, piesesthesia, piezo effect, piezo ignition, piezocardiogram, piezochemistry

词根词缀：pigment-, pigmento-

【来源及含义】Latin: "paint"; coloring matter involving both animals and plants

【相关描述】This unit is directly related to the pict- family of words.

【同源单词】accessory pigment, acropigmentation, depigmentation, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, incontinentia pigmenti

词根词缀：pil-

【来源及含义】Latin: to gather, to pillage, to plunder, to rob, to steal, to snatch, to heap up (as stones) and to carry off

【相关描述】Don't confuse the words in this pil- unit with the pil-, pilo- or "hair" group of words.

【同源单词】compellation, compilation, compilatory, compile, compiled, compilement

词根词缀：pilo-, pil-, pili-

【来源及含义】Latin: hair

【相关描述】Don't confuse the words in this pilo-, pil- group with the pil- or "plunder, heap up" unit.

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.

【同源单词】capillaceous, capillary, caterpillar, depilate, depilatory, depilous

词根词缀：pimelo-, pimel-, pimele-

【来源及含义】Greek: [soft] fat

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; omento-; pio-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】pimelitis, pimeloma, pimelopterygium, pimelorrhea, pimelorthopnea, pimelosis

词根词缀：pin-, pino-

【来源及含义】Greek: a combining form confused between three Greek roots and may mean "hunger", "dirt", or "drink"; and there is one Latin form referring to the "pine tree"

【同源单词】pinocyte, pinocytosis, pinosome, pinotherapy

词根词缀：pineal-, pinea-

【来源及含义】Latin: pine tree, relating to the pine; shaped like a cone

【同源单词】pineal, pineal gland, pinealectomy, pinealism, pinealocyte, pinealoma

词根词缀：pingu-, pingue-, pingui-

【来源及含义】Latin: pinguis, fat, grease

【同源单词】pinguecula, pinguedinize, pinguedinous, pinguefy, pinguefying, pinguescence

词根词缀：pinni-, pin-

【来源及含义】Latin: pinnatus, feather, feathered; winged

【相关词根词缀】 Related "feather, feather-like; soft down, plumage" word units: penna-; plum-, -plume; pterido-; ptero-; ptilo-.

【同源单词】imparipinnate, panache, paripinnate, pin feather, pinna, pinnate

词根词缀：pio-, pi-, pion-

【来源及含义】Greek: fat

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; omento-; pimelo-; sebo-; steato-.

【同源单词】pioepithelium, pionemia, Piophila, piorthopnea

词根词缀：pisci-, pisc-

【来源及含义】Latin: fish

【同源单词】aureo hamo piscari, piscary, piscation, piscatology, piscator, piscatory

词根词缀：pituit-

【来源及含义】Latin: phlegm, rheum

【同源单词】panhypopituitarism, pituita, pituitarism, pituitary, pituitary gland, pituite

词根词缀：placento-, placent-, placenta-

【来源及含义】Latin: flat cake; cakelike mass, especially the uterine organ that connects the mother to the child by way of the umbilical cord

【同源单词】fetoplacental, incarcerated placenta, placentotherapy, thermoplacentography, zonoplacental

词根词缀：plag-, plagu-, plague-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: strike, stroke, blow, wound; beat the chest; lament loudly [while beating the chest]; pestilence

【同源单词】black plague, bubonic plague, pestis minor, plague, plague, plagueful

词根词缀：plagi-, plagio-

【来源及含义】Greek: sideways, slanting, sloping; oblique

【同源单词】plagiocephalic, plagiocephaly, plagioclase, plagiograph, plagiotropic, plagiotropism

词根词缀：plagiar-

【来源及含义】Latin: a literary thief; "plunderer, oppressor, kidnapper" [one who "abducts the child or slave of another"]; then by extension, to take and use the thoughts, writings, etc. of someone else and represent or claim them as one's own

【同源单词】plagiarhythm, plagiarism, plagiarist, plagiaristic, plagiarization, plagiarize

词根词缀：plano-, plan-, plani-

【来源及含义】Latin: flat, even, level, smooth

【同源单词】explain, explainable, explainer, explanation, explanatory, pedoplania

词根词缀：planta-, plant-

【来源及含义】Latin: sole of the foot; to tread down with the sole or the flat bottom or the underside of the foot; and by extension, to level the ground for sowing seeds

【相关词根词缀】 Related "foot, feet" units: melo-; ped-; podo-; -pus.

【同源单词】aquatic plant, digitoplantar, electric power plant, geographical botany, geothermal plant, medioplantar

词根词缀：platy-, plat-, platino-, platt-

【来源及含义】Greek: broad, wide; flat, level

【同源单词】absorber plate, amalgamation table, electroless plating, electroplate, electroplating, electroplaxes

词根词缀：plaud-, plaus-, plod-, plos-

【来源及含义】Latin: to clap, to strike, to beat; to clap the hands in approbation [recognition as good], to approve

【同源单词】applaud, applaudable, applauder, applauding, applause, applausive

词根词缀：ple-, pleini-, plen-, plet-

【来源及含义】Latin: fill, full

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】accomplish, accomplished, accomplishment, complement, complement, complemental

词根词缀：pleb-

【来源及含义】Latin: common people, common multitude; as opposed to the patricians [upper-class citizens] of Roman times

【同源单词】pleb, plebe, plebeian, plebeian, plebeianism, plebian

词根词缀：plectr-

【来源及含义】Greek plektron > Latin plectrum: thing to strike with; such as, a pick for a lyre, a zither, a guitar, an autoharp, etc.

【同源单词】auscultoplectrum, plectron, plectrum, zither

词根词缀：-plegia, -pleg, -plegic, -plegy, plego-, pleg-

【来源及含义】Greek: stroke, blow, strike; paralysis

【同源单词】blepharoplegia, cardioplegia, cardioplegic, cephaloplegia, cephaloplegic, cryocardioplegia

词根词缀：pleio-, plei-, pleo-, pleon-, plio-

【来源及含义】Greek: more, most; full; excessive; multiple

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with another pleo- unit meaning "swim, sail, float".

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】pathopleiosis, pleiobar, pleiochloruria, pleiocyclic, pleiomastia, pleiomazia

词根词缀：pleo-, plos-, ploto-, plot-, pluteus-

【来源及含义】Greek: swim, swimming, swimmer; sail, sailor; float, floating

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with another pleo- unit meaning "more, most; full; excessive; multiple".

【相关词根词缀】Word families with similar applications about: "swim, swimming": nata-; necto-; neusto.

【同源单词】acroplotos, pleon, pleopod, pleopoda, pleopodite, plotikos

词根词缀：plesio-, plesi-

【来源及含义】Greek: near; resembling that which is named by the combining root

【同源单词】plesiochronous, plesiochronous communications, plesiomorph, plesiomorphic, plesiomorphism, plesiomorphous

词根词缀：plethor-, plethysmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: excess, superabundance, overly full, fullness; increase

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】aeroplethysmograph, body plethysmograph, digital plethysmograph, impedance plethysmograph, isopleth, isoplethic

词根词缀：pleuro-, pleur-

【来源及含义】Greek: side, rib; a thin membrane with two layers that line the chest cavity

【相关描述】One lining the outside of the lungs and the other the inside of the chest cavity; fluid between the two layers provides lubrication and so allows smooth, uniform expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing; pertaining to the side.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; sterno-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】cutis laxa, pleura, pleurectomy, pleuric, pleurisy, pleuritic

词根词缀：pleusto-, pleust-

【来源及含义】Greek: to sail, to float; flow

【同源单词】acropleustophytic, benthopleustophyte, benthopleustophytic, epipleuston, epipleustonic, phytopleuston

词根词缀：-ploid-, -ploidy-, -plo-

【来源及含义】Greek: a fold; folded

【同源单词】alloploidy, amphidiploidy, aneuploid, aneuploidy, autoploid, diploidy

词根词缀：plor-

【来源及含义】Latin: to weep, to cry out, to bewail, to lament,

【同源单词】deplorability, deplorable, deplorableness, deplorably, deplore, deplorer

词根词缀：plumb-, plumbo-, plumbi-

【来源及含义】Latin: lead, the metal; Pb

【同源单词】aplomb, plum, plumb, plumb, plumb, plumb bob

词根词缀：pluri-, plur-, plu-

【来源及含义】Latin: more, many

【同源单词】Abut ad plures, e pluribus unum, Exempta juvat spiris e pluribus unus, majority, nec pluribus impar, plural

词根词缀：pluto-, plut-

【来源及含义】Greek: wealth, wealthy, rich

【同源单词】philoplutary, plutarchy, plutocracy, plutocrat, plutocratic, plutodemocracy

词根词缀：pluv-, pluvio-, pluvi-

【来源及含义】Latin: rain, raining, rain water, rainy; rain fall; heavy showers

【同源单词】compluvium, impluvium, isopluvial, Jupiter Pluvius, pluvial, pluvial period

词根词缀：plyno-, plyn-, plysi-, -plysis, plyto-

【来源及含义】Greek: wash, a washing; washtub, basin; by extension, irrigate, irrigation

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wash" words: balneo-; clys-; luto-; lav-.

【同源单词】coloplysis, colpoplysis, otoplysis, plynter, plyntes, plyntria

词根词缀：pneumato-, pneumat-

【来源及含义】Greek: air, wind, breath; presence of air; spirit

【相关词根词缀】 Word units related to breath and breathe: hal-; pneo-; pneumo-; psych-; spiro. Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】apneumatic, cardiopneumatic, hydropneumatic, hydropneumatosis, pneumatic, pneumatics

词根词缀：pneumo-, pneum-, pneumono-, pneumon-

【来源及含义】Greek: lung; breath, breathe

【相关词根词缀】 Word units related to breath and breathe: hal-; pneo-; pneumato-; psych-; spiro.

【同源单词】amphipneust, amphipneustic, angiopneumography, apneumia, apneuses, apneusis

词根词缀：pnigo-, pnig-, pnigmato-, pnigmat-

【来源及含义】Greek: choke, stifle, smother

【同源单词】pnigeraphobia, pnigma, pnigomortia, pnigophobia

词根词缀：po-, poo-, -poa-

【来源及含义】Greek: grass, a grassy place; meadow, meadows

【同源单词】Poa, Poaceae, poaceous, poad, poic, poocole

词根词缀：poen-, peno-, poino-, poin-, puni-, pain-, penal-, pent-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: pain, punishment, penalty

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】counterpunch, impunity, Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno delicto, pain, painful, painfully

词根词缀：poikilo-, poikil-; poecilo-, poecil-

【来源及含义】Greek: varied, irregular, mottled; many-colored, spotted

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; reciproc-; vari-.

【同源单词】mixoploid, mixoploidy, osteopoikilosis, Poeciliide, poikilergasia, poikiloblast

词根词缀：polem-

【来源及含义】Greek: war, warlike, pertaining to war; battle

【同源单词】misopolemia, misopolemiac, misopolemical, polemic, polemic, polemical

词根词缀：poli-

【来源及含义】Latin: polire, to polish, to smooth, to shine; to refine

【同源单词】apple polisher, nail polish, polish, polish, polished, polisher

词根词缀：polio-

【来源及含义】Greek: gray; pertaining to the "gray matter" of the nervous system, brain, and the spinal cord

【同源单词】dyspigmentation, poliocidal, polioclastic, poliodystrophia, polioencephalitis, polioencephalomalacia

词根词缀：polis-, polit-, poli-

【来源及含义】Greek: city; method of government; citizenship, government, administration

【相关描述】Don't confuse this polis, "city" with the suffix -polism, etc. meaning "selling".

【同源单词】aerotropolis, Annapolis, apolitical, Aquapolis, Biopolis, Constantinople

词根词缀：pollaki-, pollaci-, pollach-

【来源及含义】Greek: frequent, frequently; often, diverse

【同源单词】pollakanthic, pollakiambulation, pollakicoprosis, pollakidipsia, pollakifecation, pollakiphagia

词根词缀：poly-

【来源及含义】Greek: many, much; excessive; abnormal amount, profuse, ample, large quantity; multiple, abundant, numerous

【相关描述】Don’t confuse this poly- with another -poly which means “to sell”.

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; super-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】acrocephalopolysyndactyly, Andra moi ennepe mousa polytropon hos malapolla planchthe, electrodiaphanoscope, fibrous dysplasia, hyperpolysyllabicomania, hyperpolysyllabicsesquipedalianist

词根词缀：pom-, pomo-, pomi-

【来源及含义】Latin: fruit, fruit tree

【同源单词】pomaceous, pomiculture, pomiferous, pomiform, pomological, pomologist

词根词缀：ponto-, pont-, pon-

【来源及含义】Latin: bridge

【同源单词】pontage, pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, pontiff, pontifical, pontifically

词根词缀：popu-

【来源及含义】Latin: people

【相关词根词缀】Related "people, human" word units: anthropo-; demo-; ethno-; ochlo-; publi-.

【同源单词】ad populum, argumentum ad populum, aura popularis, depopulate, depopulated, depopulation

词根词缀：porc-, pork-

【来源及含义】Latin: pig, hog

【同源单词】porcine, porcupine, pork, porker, porky, porpoise

词根词缀：poro-, por-, pori-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > Old French: passageway, used primarily as "a pore, a small orifice"; opening; cavity, tract

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】cerebral poroma, closed pores, cryptoporous, eccrine poroma, open porosity, osteoporosis

词根词缀：port-

【来源及含义】Latin: door, gate, entrance; harbor

【相关描述】Don't confuse this port- with another port-, portat- meaning "bear, carry, bring".

【同源单词】importunate, importunately, importunateness, importune, importuner, importunity

词根词缀：port-, portat-

【来源及含义】Latin: carry, bring, bear

【相关描述】Don't confuse this port-, portat with another port- meaning "door, gate, entrance," or "harbor".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related to "bear, carry, bring": duc-; -fer; ger-; later-, -lation; phoro-.

【同源单词】apport, apport, apportable, asport, asport, asportation

词根词缀：poso-

【来源及含义】Greek: how much? how great?

【同源单词】posologic, posological, posologist, posology

词根词缀：post-

【来源及含义】Latin: after, behind, later, subsequent

【同源单词】a posteriori, anemic necrosis, Anno post Romam conditam, anteroposterior, Culpam maiorum posteri luunt, dorsoposterior

词根词缀：postero-, poster-

【来源及含义】Latin: after, behind, following; denoting relationship to the posterior [back] part; usually used as a prefix

【同源单词】a posteriori, anteroposterior, Carpe diem, Culpam maiorum posteri luunt, dorsoposterior, inferoposterior

词根词缀：postul-

【来源及含义】Latin: to demand, to ask

【同源单词】expostulate, expostulation, expostulator, expostulatory, postulate, postulation

词根词缀：potamo-, potam-

【来源及含义】Greek: river, stream

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": amni-; fluvio-; meand-; oceano-; ripari-.

【同源单词】autopotamous, benthopotamous, eupotamic, hippopotamic, hippopotamoid, hippopotamus

词根词缀：poto-, pot-

【来源及含义】Latin: drink

【相关词根词缀】 Related "drink" units: bib-; dipso-; haust-; nectar-.

【同源单词】aqua potabile, Hydropotes, narcotic poisoning, poison, poisonous, poisonously

词根词缀：pragmato-, pragmat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: skilled in the law; busy, skilled in business; a thing done; to do, effect, accomplish, practice

【相关描述】It started in Greek with the meanings: "to do, act, perform"; then it meant "civil business, deed, act"; and into Latin as, "skilled in business or law". The meaning concerned with "practical results or values" is first recorded in the form pragmatical (1597) and later as pragmatic in 1853.

The form, "pragmatism", is a philosophy that stresses practical results.

【同源单词】pragmatagnosia, pragmatamnesia, pragmatic, pragmatical, pragmatically, pragmaticalness

词根词缀：prandial-

【来源及含义】Latin: prandium, literally, that which is eaten early

【相关描述】By extension, of or relating to a meal; such as, lunch or a late breakfast; however, dictionary definitions use "dinner" as the primary meaning for this element.

【同源单词】anteprandial, postprandial, prandial, preprandial

词根词缀：pratin-, pratini-

【来源及含义】Latin: meadow-green, grassy

【同源单词】pratincole, pratincolous, pratinicoline, pratinicolous

词根词缀：prav-

【来源及含义】Latin: crooked, crookedness; perverted, vicious, wicked; borrowed through Old French depraver or directly from Latin depravare, "to corrupt"; from de, "completely" + pravus, "crooked"

【同源单词】depravation, deprave, depraved, depravedly, depravedness, depravement

词根词缀：praxis-, -praxsis, -praxia, -praxic, -praxi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to do, to exercise, doing; action, activity, practice; the opposite of theory; from the stem of prassein, "to do, to act"

【同源单词】actinopraxis, agnostic apraxia, akinetic apraxia, amnesic apraxia, aphagopraxia, apraxia

词根词缀：pray, preca-

【来源及含义】Latin: to ask, to entreat; ask earnestly, entreaty, beg; request, petition, pray, prayer

【同源单词】deprecate, deprecation, deprecative, deprecatory, imprecate, imprecation

词根词缀：pre-, prae-

【来源及含义】Latin: before [both in time and place]

【相关描述】The prefix prae- can actually be substituted for pre- because both of them are different spellings for the same prefix meaning "before".

【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: ante-; antero-; anti-; pro-. Related "time" units: aevum, evum; archaeo-, archeo-; Calendars; chrono-; horo-; Quotes: Time; tempo-.

【同源单词】preacquaint, preacquaintance, preagonal, pre-agricultural, preamble, preambular

词根词缀：pred-

【来源及含义】Latin: booty, plunder, pillage, ravage

【同源单词】depredate, depredation, depredator, depredatory, obligate predator, predacious

词根词缀：prehend-, prehens-

【来源及含义】Latin: to clasp, seize; reach, attain; hold, take

【同源单词】apprehend, apprehender, apprehending, apprehensible, apprehensibly, apprehension

词根词缀：presby-, presbyo-

【来源及含义】Greek: old, relationship to old age, elderly, elder; literally, "he that goes first"

【相关词根词缀】 Related "old; old age, elder" units: gero-; obsolesc-; sen-; veter-.

【同源单词】elder, elder share, presbyasomnia, presbyatrics, presbycardia, presbycusis

词根词缀：press-, presso-, pressi-, -prim-, -prin-

【来源及含义】Latin: press, to bear down on or against

【同源单词】acufilopressure, acupressure, acupressurist, angiopressure, blueprnt, compress

词根词缀：preti-, prais-, preci-, pric-

【来源及含义】Latin: price, reward, prize, value, worth

【同源单词】appraisal, appraise, appraisement, appraiser, appreciable, appreciably

词根词缀：prim-, primi-, primo-

【来源及含义】Latin: first, chief, foremost; of first rank

【同源单词】A primo ad ultimum, Christus primatum tenes, imprimatur, imprimatura, imprimis, Naturam primum cognoscere rerum

词根词缀：prin-

【来源及含义】Latin: first, chief

【相关描述】Directly related to the prim- family unit of words.

【同源单词】prince, princely, princess, principal, principal, principality

词根词缀：prior-

【来源及含义】Latin: former; first; superior

【相关描述】Directly related to the prim- family unit of words.

【同源单词】a priori, apriorism, apriorist, aprioristic, aprioristically, apriority

词根词缀：privat-, priv-

【来源及含义】Latin: individual; not in public life; apart from the State; belonging to an individual

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related to: "individual, personal": idio-; pecu-.

【同源单词】consumer privacy, deprivable, deprivation, deprive, depriver, invasion of privacy

词根词缀：pro-, por-, pur-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a prefix signifying before; forward, forth; for, in favor of; in front of; in place of, on behalf of; according to; as, to place before; to go before or forward, to throw forward

【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: ante-; antero-; anti-; pre-.

【同源单词】portend, portent, portentous, portentously, portentousness, pro

词根词缀：prob-, proba-, probat-, prov-

【来源及含义】Latin: upright, good, honest; to try, to test, to examine; to demonstrate

【同源单词】Aliudque cupido, approbate, approbation, approbative, approbativeness, approvable

词根词缀：problem-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: literally, "something thrown forward, to throw forward"

【相关描述】"A difficult question proposed for solution", from Old French problème (14th century), from Latin problema, from Greek problema, "a problem, a question"; literally, "a thing put forward" from proballein, "propose" from pro, "forward" plus ballein, "to throw".

【同源单词】problem, problematic, problematical, problematically, problematize, problems

词根词缀：procto-, proct-

【来源及含义】Greek: anus, rectum

【同源单词】ankyloproctia, aproctia, colectomy, coloproctectomy, coloproctostomy, Entoprocta

词根词缀：prodig-, prodigi-

【来源及含义】Latin: a sign, an omen, portent; a wonder, a person; especially, a child who is endowed with extraordinary qualities

【同源单词】prodigious, prodigiously, prodigiousness, prodigy

词根词缀：prodigal-

【来源及含义】Latin: a spendthrift, wasteful; a squanderer; to drive forth

【同源单词】prodigal, prodigal, prodigal son, prodigality, prodigalize, prodigally

词根词缀：proli-, prol-

【来源及含义】Latin: offspring, child

【相关词根词缀】 Related "birth, born, childbirth, offspring" words: abort-; feto-; lochio-; nasc-, nat-; toco-, toko-.

【同源单词】antiproliferation, antiproliferative, bourgeois, eoproligerous, improlificate, myeloproliferative

词根词缀：pron-

【来源及含义】Latin: inclined, face down

【同源单词】pronate, pronation, prone, pronograde, pronometer, pronomos

词根词缀：prop-, proach-, proximo-, proxim-

【来源及含义】Latin: nearest, near; close, closest

【同源单词】approach, approach, approachability, approachable, approachableness, approacher

词根词缀：propaga-, propag-

【来源及含义】Latin: a spreading; to breed or to multiply; getting more widely known

【同源单词】propagable, propaganda, Propaganda, propagandist, propagandist, propagandize

词根词缀：proprio-, propri-

【来源及含义】Latin: one's own; to belong to a person, a thing, or a group

【同源单词】Aliis volat propriis, appropriatary, appropriate, appropriate, appropriated, appropriately

词根词缀：pros-, proso-

【来源及含义】Greek: forward, further, onward; anterior

【同源单词】prosocoele, prosodemic, prosogaster

词根词缀：prosely-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: convert; stranger, one who has come over; to come to; to surrender; to associate with

【同源单词】proselyte, proselytism, proselytization, proselytize, proselytizer

词根词缀：prosop-, prosopo-

【来源及含义】Greek: face

【同源单词】ateloprosopia, chameprosopic, chameprosopy, diprosopus, dolichoprosopic, erythroprosopalgia

词根词缀：prostato-, prostat-

【来源及含义】Greek: one who stands before, in front of; refers primarily to the prostate gland [so named because it "stands before" the mouth of the bladder]

【同源单词】bacterial prostatitis, cryoprostatectomy, galvanoprostatectomy, prostatalgia, prostatalgia, prostate

词根词缀：prosth-, prosthe-, prosthet-, prostheto-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: an addition; to put to, add to, to place

【相关词根词缀】 Related word families intertwined with "to place, placing, to put; to add; to stay; to attach" word units: fix-; pon-; stato-; the-, thes-.

【同源单词】dental prosthesis, externally powered prosthetics, keratoprosthesis, maxillofacial prosthesis, myoelectric prosthesis, prosthesis

词根词缀：proter-, protero-

【来源及含义】Greek: former, earlier, older

【同源单词】ecoproterandrous, ecoproterogynous, phytoproterandrous, phytoproterogynous, proterandrous, proteranthous

词根词缀：proto-, prot-

【来源及含义】Greek: first; foremost, front, earliest form of, original, primitive; chief, principal; usually used as a prefix

【同源单词】apolipoprotein, cryoprotein, fetoprotein, glycoprotein, hyperlipoproteinemia, hypolipoproteinemia

词根词缀：pruri-, prur-, prurit-

【来源及含义】Latin: itch, itching; be wanton, be eager for

【同源单词】antipruritic, aquagenic pruritus, autotoxic pruritus, bath pruritus, ocular pruritus, pruigo

词根词缀：psammo-, psamm-, psamme-

【来源及含义】Greek: sand

【同源单词】clepsammia, endopsammon, epipsammic, epipsammon, mesopsammon, pelopsammic

词根词缀：psellism-, psellismo-

【来源及含义】Greek: stammering; faltering in speech

【同源单词】psellism, psellismophobia, psellismus, psellismus haesitans, psellismus mercurialis

词根词缀：psepho-, pseph-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: pebble/pebbles, stone/stones; election; vote

【相关描述】To cast one's vote with a pebble, to count, reckon; from small stone, pebble [used in counting or voting]. Pebbles were used in ancient Greece for casting votes, and so psephos came to metaphorically mean, "vote".

【同源单词】isopsephic, psephism, psephite, psephocracy, psephocrat, psephograph

词根词缀：pseudo-, pseud-

【来源及含义】Greek: false, deception, lying, untrue, counterfeit; used as a prefix

【同源单词】false alarm, intermittent claudication of the cauda equina, nom de plume, polypseudonymous, precocious pseudopuberty, pseudacousma

词根词缀：psilo-, psil-

【来源及含义】Greek: bare, making bare, stripping; smooth, plain; mere, merely

【相关描述】Used by biologists and ecologists with the sense of "prairie" or "savannah"; a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions.

【同源单词】psilad, psilanthropist, psilanthropy, psilicole, psilodermatous, psiloi

词根词缀：psitta-

【来源及含义】Greek [psittakos-] > Latin [psittacinus-]: parrot

【同源单词】psittaceous, psittaci, psittaciformes, psittacine, Psittacosaurs, psittacosis

词根词缀：psoro-, psor-

【来源及含义】Greek: itch, mange

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】antipsoric, parapsoriasis, psora, psorelcosis, psorenteritis, Psorergates

词根词缀：psychro-, psychr-

【来源及含义】Greek: cold

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).

【同源单词】esthesioscopy, psychric, psychroalgia, psychrocleistogamic, psychroesthesia, psychrokliny

词根词缀：psylli-, psyll-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: flea

【同源单词】psyllid, Psyllidae, psyllids, psyllium, psylloid, Sarcopsyllidae

词根词缀：ptarmo-, ptarm-

【来源及含义】Greek: sneeze, a sneezing

【同源单词】aptarmia, ptarmia, ptarmic, Ptarmica, ptarmical, ptarmigenic

词根词缀：pterido-, pterid-

【来源及含义】Greek: fern [from pter[on], "feather, wing"]

【相关词根词缀】 Related "feather, feather-like; soft down, plumage" word units: penna-; pinni-, pin-; plum-, -plume; ptero-; ptilo-.

【同源单词】eurypterid, pteridography, pteridoid, pteridological, pteridology, pteridomania

词根词缀：pterygo-, pteryg-

【来源及含义】Greek: wing

【同源单词】acanthopterygian, actinopterygian, Actinopterygii, apterygial, Apterygota, archipterygium

词根词缀：ptilo-, ptil-, ptilono-

【来源及含义】Greek: feather [soft], down

【相关词根词缀】 Related "feather, feather-like; soft down, plumage" word units: penna-; pinni-, pin-; plum-, -plume; pterido-; ptero-.

【同源单词】cryptoptile, haploptile, mesoptile, metaptile, neossoptile, protoptile

词根词缀：ptocho-, ptoch-

【来源及含义】Greek: a person who crouches; than extended to a beggar, poor; paupers; modernized meanings: street people, homeless, vagrant, living in poverty

【同源单词】ptochocracy, ptochocrat, ptochogony, ptochoist, ptochologist, ptochology

词根词缀：ptomato-, ptomat-, pto-, -ptosia, -ptosis, -ptoma, -ptot-

【来源及含义】Greek: fall, a falling down of an organ; drooping, sagging; corpse

【同源单词】apoptosis, asymptomatic, asymptote, asymptotic, asymptotical, blepharoptosis

词根词缀：ptyalo-, ptyal-, ptya-, pty-

【来源及含义】Greek: spittle, salivia; salivary gland

【相关词根词缀】Other related saliva and/or spittle units: salivo-; sialo-; sput-.

【同源单词】aptyalism, glycoptyalismm glycosialia, hyperptyalism, hypoptyalism, oligoptyalism, pseudoptyalism

词根词缀：puber-, pubo-, pub-, pubio-

【来源及含义】Latin: adult, mature; sign of maturity, especially the growth of pubic hair; extended to mean the "pubic bone"

【同源单词】epipubes, impuberal, impuberty, os pubis, postpuberal, postpubertal

词根词缀：publi-, pub-

【来源及含义】Latin: people, belonging to the people, concerning people, population

【相关词根词缀】Related "people, human" word units: anthropo-; demo-; ethno-; ochlo-; popu-.

【同源单词】ludi publici, Non tua te moveant, Per scientiam ad salutem publicam, political-public speaking, Pro bono publico, Pro Christo et Republica

词根词缀：pudend-, puden-, pudic-

【来源及含义】Latin: originally, "that which one should be ashamed of"; the external organs of generation; from pudere "to cause shame".

【同源单词】digitus impudicus, impudence, impudent, impudently, impudicity, Mimosa pudica

词根词缀：puer-

【来源及含义】Latin: boy, child

【同源单词】puer aeternus, puerice, puericulture, puericulturist, puerile, puerilely

词根词缀：pugn-, pug-, pugil-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fight, to fight against, to strike, to puncture; a point; fist, handful

【同源单词】dementia pugilistica, expugn, impugn, impugnable, impugner, impugnment

词根词缀：pulchri-

【来源及含义】Latin: beautiful; pulchritudo, from pulcher

【同源单词】Bonitas, Pulchra terra Dei donum, pulchritude, pulchritudinous, Pulchritudo et salubritas, Sat pulchra si sat bona

词根词缀：pulic-, puli-

【来源及含义】Latin: flea

【同源单词】Pulex, pulicaris, pulicatic, pulicene, pulicicide, pulicid

词根词缀：pulpo-, pulp-, pulpi-

【来源及含义】Latin: flesh, meat, fleshy parts of the body; fruit pulp; used mostly in reference to the tissue that exists in a tooth

【同源单词】pulp, pulpal, pulpalgia, pulpation, pulpatoon, pulpectomy

词根词缀：pulver-, pulv-, pulvi-

【来源及含义】Latin: dust

【同源单词】pulver, pulverable, pulveraceous, pulverate, pulverization, pulverize

词根词缀：pulvin-, pulvill-

【来源及含义】Latin: cushion

词根词缀：pung-, punc-, punct-

【来源及含义】Latin: pungere, punctum to strike, to hit, to punch, to pierce, to puncture, to point, to sting, to bite; a dot, a mark; a point, a sharp point, a pinpoint

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": acerb-; aceto-; acid-; acies- (not "sour"); acuto- (not "sour"); oxy-.

【同源单词】acupoint, acupunctuate, acupunctuation, acupuncturation, acupuncture, acupuncture

词根词缀：pupillo-, pupill-

【来源及含义】Latin: [diminutive of pupa, a young girl, doll or puppets] the pupil of the eye; including the larva of insects

【相关描述】The term pupil came into existence because when one looked closely into another person's eyes, he/she could see the reflections of little images ["dolls" or "puppets"] of her/himself.

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; retino-; uveo-.

【同源单词】interpupillary, iridopupillary, oculopupillary, pupilla, pupillage, pupillarity

词根词缀：purg-

【来源及含义】Latin: clean, cleanse, purify

【同源单词】compurgation, expurgate, expurgated, expurgation, impure, pure

词根词缀：puro-, puru-

【来源及含义】Latin: pus

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); pustu- (blister, pimple); putre- (rotten, decayed); pyo- (pus; purulent); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay); sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); suppurant- (festering, forming or discharging pus); tabe- (wasting away, decaying). Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】mucopurulent, purohepatitis, puromucous, purulence, purulency, purulent

词根词缀：pusill-

【来源及含义】Latin: very weak, little, very small

【同源单词】pusillanimity, pusillanimous, pusillanimously, pusillanimousness

词根词缀：pustu-

【来源及含义】Latin: blister, pimple

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); puro- (pus); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); putre- (rotten, decayed); pyo- (pus; purulent); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay); sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); suppurant- (festering, forming or discharging pus); tabe- (wasting away, decaying). Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil). Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】acropustulosis, papulopustular, pustulant, pustular, pustulate, pustulation

词根词缀：putre-, putri-, putid-

【来源及含义】Latin: rotten, decayed; to be rotten, to become rotten, to decay

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); puro- (pus); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); pustu- (blister, pimple); pyo- (pus; purulent); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay); sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); suppurant- (festering, forming or discharging pus); tabe- (wasting away, decaying).

【同源单词】antiputrefactive, Cito maturum, imputrescible, putid, putredinous, putrefacation

词根词缀：pycn-, pycno-, pykn-, pykno-

【来源及含义】Greek: close, compact, thick, dense; frequent

【同源单词】desmopyknosis, pyknemia, pyknic, pyknocyte, pyknocytosis, pyknodysostosis

词根词缀：pyel-, pyelo-

【来源及含义】Greek: renal pelvis; especially of the kidney; from "tub, vat, basin, and trough"

【同源单词】endopyelotomy, pyelic, pyelitis, pyelocystitis, pyelogram, pyelography

词根词缀：pyl-, pyle-

【来源及含义】Greek: door, gate, entrance; orifice, an aperture or hole opening into a bodily cavity; indicating the portal vein

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】adhesive pylephlebitis, campylognathia, campylotropous, pylemphraxis, pylephlebectasia, pylephlebectasis

词根词缀：pylor-, pyloro-, pylori-

【来源及含义】Greek: gatekeeper; lower gastric orifice through which the contents of the stomach enter the duodenum

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】double pyloroplasty, finney pyloroplasty, gastropylorectomy, Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty, hemipylorectomy, juxtapyloric

词根词缀：pyo-, py-

【来源及含义】Greek: pus; purulent, an infection or foreign material that causes a thick whitish-yellow fluid which results from the accumulation of white blood cells

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); puro- (pus); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); pustu- (blister, pimple); putre- (rotten, decayed); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay); sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); suppurant- (festering, forming or discharging pus); tabe- (wasting away, decaying). Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】archepyon, arthroempyesis, biopyoculture, biopyocultured, dacryopyorrhea, dacryopyosis

词根词缀：pyreto-, -pyrexia, -pyrexias, pyrito-

【来源及含义】Greek: fever, feverish, burning heat, hot

【相关描述】Closely related to the pyro- unit meaning fire, burn.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "heat, hot" word units: ferv-; thermo-. Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】alexipyretic, antipyresis, antipyretic, apyretic, apyrexia, apyrexial

词根词缀：pyro-, pyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: fire, burn, burning, heat, produced by heating, hot; and sometimes also referring to "fever as shown at this link"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; spodo- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】antipyrotic, empyrean, empyromancy, glossopyrosis, purogenic distillation, pyracanth

词根词缀：quadri-, quadra-, quad-, quadru-

【来源及含义】Latin: four, fourth; a word element for number 4

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "four, fourth": quatr-; tessara-; tetra-.

【同源单词】biquadrate, carillon, omniquadrante hora, quadragenarian, quadragenary, Quadragesima

词根词缀：quaint-

【来源及含义】Latin > Old French > Middle English: well known, skillful, neat, elegant

【相关描述】This quaint- unit is directly related to this cogni- family of words.

【同源单词】acquaint, acquaintable, acquaintance, disacquaint, inacquaintance, nonacquaintance

词根词缀：quali-, qualit-

【来源及含义】Latin: of what sort; of what kind; how constituted

【同源单词】disqualification, disqualifier, disqualify, qualification, qualifier, qualify

词根词缀：quant-, quanti-

【来源及含义】Latin: how much; as much as, how many; how great; amount

【同源单词】quantal, quantifier, quantify, quantitate, quantitative, quantitative archaeology

词根词缀：quas-

【来源及含义】Latin: to make void, annul; originally from the Latin meaning of, "to shake violently, to shatter"

【同源单词】squash, squassation

词根词缀：quasi-

【来源及含义】Latin: appearing as if, as it were, as though; somewhat like, resembling, seemingly; simulating; in a certain sense or degree

【同源单词】quasar, quasi, quasi atom, quasi cash, quasi contract, quasi corporation

词根词缀：quatr-, quart-

【来源及含义】Latin: fourth, four

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "four, fourth": quadri-; tessara-; tetra-.

【同源单词】biquarterly, quart, quartan, quartation, quarte, quarte

词根词缀：quer-, quarr-

【来源及含义】Latin: complain, complaint, full of complaints; lack of satisfaction; lament, cry of sorrow and grief

【同源单词】quarrel, quarrel, quarreller, quarrelsome, quarrelsomely, querulous

词根词缀：querc-, querci-

【来源及含义】Latin: oak; used to designate any of a variety of chemical substances derived from oak bark or acorns

【同源单词】quercetin, quercine, quercitannic, quercite, quercitrin, quercitron

词根词缀：quies-, -quiet-, -quit-

【来源及含义】Latin: rest, calm, silent

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "calm, calmness, peace, quiet": pac-, peac-; plac-; seren-.

【同源单词】acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquiescently, acquit, acquittal

词根词缀：quinqu-, quinqua-, quinque-

【来源及含义】Latin: five, fifth; a word element for number 5

【同源单词】quinquagenarian, quinquagenary, Quinquagesima, quinquagesimal, quinquangular, quinquefarious

词根词缀：quint-, quinti-, quintu-, quin-

【来源及含义】Latin: fifth, five; a word element for 5

【同源单词】quinaries, quinary, quinate, quincentenary, quincentennial, quincunx

词根词缀：quot-

【来源及含义】Latin: how many

【同源单词】quatable, Quot homines, quotably, quotation, quote, quoter

词根词缀：rab-, rag-, rav-

【来源及含义】Latin: madness, to be mad; to rave, to be furious

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "anger, angry; rage, wrath, fury; rave": fur-, furi-; ira-; lysso-; mania-.

【同源单词】enrage, enraged, enragement, enraging, rabid, rabidity

词根词缀：racem-

【来源及含义】Latin: cluster of grapes or berries

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are derived directly, or indirectly, from: "grape, grapes": acin-; staphyl-; uveo-; uvul-.

【同源单词】raceme, racemic, racemic acid, racemization, racemose aneurysm, racemose

词根词缀：rachio-, rachi-, rach-, rachis-, rhach-, rhachi-, rhachio-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: spine, backbone

【同源单词】rachial, rachialgia, rachianalgesia, rachianesthesia, rachicentesis, rachidial

词根词缀：rad-, ras-, raz-

【来源及含义】Latin: scrape, scratch, shave, rub

【相关词根词缀】 Related "scrape, scratch; shave; razor" word families: xyro-; xys-.

【同源单词】abradable, abradant, abrade, abrader, abrase, abrasion

词根词缀：radic-, radi-

【来源及含义】Latin: root

【同源单词】deracinate, deracination, eradicable, eradicate, eradication, fila radicularia nervorum spinalium

词根词缀：radiculo-, radicul-

【来源及含义】Latin: "little root"; pertaining to nerve roots

【同源单词】fila radicularia nervorum spinalium, myeloradiculodysplasia, polyradiculopathy, radicula, radiculalgia, radicular

词根词缀：radio-, radi-, rad-

【来源及含义】Latin: ray, radiating [the Latin word for the spokes of a wheel is radius]; spoke, staff, rod

【同源单词】involuntary euthanasia, irradiance, irradiant, irradiate, radial, radian

词根词缀：rami-, ram-

【来源及含义】Latin: branch, branches, or a forked structure; ramus (singular), rami (plural); a general term for a smaller structure given off by a larger one, or into which the larger structure; such as, a blood vessel or nerve, divides

【同源单词】anterior ramus, axiramificate, bronchial ramus, mandibular ramus, meningeal ramus, posterior ramus

词根词缀：rancid-

【来源及含义】Latin: stinking, offensive; spoiled, rotten; foul smelling, disgusting

【同源单词】rancid, rancidification, rancidify, rancidity, rancidly, rancidness

词根词缀：rani-, ran-

【来源及含义】Latin: frog or frogs

【同源单词】frog, rana, ranaphilia, ranarian, ranarium, ranid

词根词缀：rap-, rav-

【来源及含义】Latin: tearing away, seizing, swift, rapid; snatch away, seize, carry off; from Latin rapere, "to seize by force and to carry off"

【同源单词】correption, enrapt, enrapture, enraptured, fluviraption, nonusurping

词根词缀：rar-, rare-

【来源及含义】Latin: rarus, rare, thin, loose, sparse; airy, porous, infrequent, unusual

【同源单词】bone rarefaction, rare, rare species, rare, rare-earth alloy, rare-earth elements

词根词缀：ratio-, reason-

【来源及含义】Latin: reckoning, to reckon; calculating, calculation; understanding; thinking

【同源单词】arraign, arraigner, arraignment, derationalize, irrational, irrationalism

词根词缀：rauc-

【来源及含义】Latin: "hoarse"; hoarse cries; howl, roar; rough-sounding, harsh; loud, rough

【同源单词】raucity, raucous, raucously, raucousness

词根词缀：re-, red-

【来源及含义】Latin: back, backward, again; used as a prefix

【同源单词】recalcitrant, recant, recapitulate, recapitulation, recede, receipt

词根词缀：real-

【来源及含义】Latin: from res, thing, object, matter, circumstance; factual

【同源单词】in reality, real, real, real estate investment trusts, real estate, real flow of fluid

词根词缀：recent-

【来源及含义】Latin: new, fresh

【同源单词】recency, recent, recently, recentness

词根词缀：reciproc-

【来源及含义】Latin: reciprocus, turning back the same way, alternating; turning backward and forward; to give, to do, to feel, or to show in return

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; vari-.

【同源单词】reciprocal, reciprocal altruism, reciprocal cross, reciprocal determination, reciprocal hybrids, reciprocal inhibition

词根词缀：recti-, rect-

【来源及含义】Latin: right, straight; to lead, in a straight line; to rule

【同源单词】correct, correctional, corrective, direct, direction, director

词根词缀：recto-, rect-

【来源及含义】Latin: straight [intestine], direct, right; that is, "the part of the large intestine that ends at the anus"

【同源单词】anorectal, rectalgia, rectitis, rectoabdominal, rectoanal, rectocolitis

词根词缀：regi-, reg-, rec-, rex-

【来源及含义】Latin: to direct, to rule, to lead straight, to keep straight; to guide, to govern

【相关描述】Although it does not appear to be correct, all of the words in this unit etymologically come from this family group. Some words; such as, surge and its related formats, may be presented as separate units; however, they originally evolved from this family unit.

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; agon-; arch-; -crat; dom-; gov-; magist-; poten-; tyran-.

【同源单词】address, address, addressee, addresser, addressograph, adroit

词根词缀：reminisc-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to recollect, to remember; act of remembering; to recall to memory; to remind of

【相关词根词缀】 Related units about "memory, remembering": memor-; mne-.

【同源单词】reminisce, reminisced, reminiscence, reminiscent, reminiscential, reminiscentially

词根词缀：render-

【来源及含义】Latin: rendere from reddere, "to give back, to restore; to give up; to translate"

【同源单词】extraordinary rendition, misrender, pre-rendered, render, renderable, renderer

词根词缀：reno-, ren-, reni-

【来源及含义】Latin: kidney or kidneys

【同源单词】renal, renarium, renicapsule, renicardiac, reniculi, reniculus

词根词缀：reptil-, rept-

【来源及含义】Latin: creeping

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "snakes or other reptiles": angui-; coluber-; herpeto-; ophio-; sauro-.

【同源单词】reptant, reptatory, reptile, Reptilia, reptilian, reptiliferous

词根词缀：reticulo-, reticul-, reticu-; reti-, ret-; reticulato-

【来源及含义】Latin: net, small net; a netlike structure, a network

【同源单词】angioreticuloendothelioma, angioreticuloma, karyomitome, reticle, reticula, reticular

词根词缀：retino-, retin-

【来源及含义】Latin: innermost tunic of the eye; from ret[e], "net" plus -ina, "like"

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; uveo-.

【同源单词】angioretinography, chorioretinal, cilioretinal, electroretinography, exudative vitreoretinopathy, Fortunum citius reperias

词根词缀：retro-, retr-

【来源及含义】Latin: back, backward, backwards; behind

【同源单词】arrear, regurgitant menstruation, retroact, retroaction, retroactive, retroactively

词根词缀：rhabd-, rhabdo-

【来源及含义】Greek: rod; twig, stick, strip, branch; rod-shaped, striated; wand

【同源单词】aichmorhabdophobia, pseudorhabdite, rhabdion, rhabdite, rhabdoid, rhabdoidephilist

词根词缀：rhem-

【来源及含义】Greek: a thing said; a word; a term

【同源单词】monorheme, rhema, rhematic, rhematology, rheme

词根词缀：rheo-, rhea-, rhe-, rhy-

【来源及含义】Greek: a flow, wave; current of a stream, current; electrical current

【同源单词】bioelectrorheology, electrorheological, electrorheologist, electrorheology, hemorheology, hydrorheostat

词根词缀：rhetor-

【来源及含义】Greek: rhetorike tekhne, "the technique or art of public speaking" > Latin: orator; that which is spoken

【同源单词】rhetor, rhetoric, rhetorical, rhetorical question, rhetorically, rhetoricaster

词根词缀：rheum-, rheuma-, rheumato-, rheumat-

【来源及含义】Greek: flux, that which flows; a stream; discharge

【相关描述】Pertaining to rheumatism, a disease characterized by inflammation of the joints and muscles; originally, a disease characterized by a discharge of one or another of the body's "humors".

【同源单词】rheum, rheumapyra, rheumarthritis, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatist

词根词缀：rhigo-, rhig-

【来源及含义】Greek: cold, frost; shiver

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold).

【同源单词】arhigosis, rhigolene, rhigosis, rhigotic

词根词缀：rhizo-, rhiz-

【来源及含义】Greek: root

【同源单词】coleorhiza, heterorhizal, mycogonose, rhizanthous, rhizobia, Rhizobium

词根词缀：rhodo-, rhod-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color rose [red]; roselike, rose-colored

【同源单词】cynorrhoden, oorhodein, rhodamine, rhodium, rhodizite, rhodocrinate

词根词缀：rhomb-, rhombo-, rhombi-

【来源及含义】Greek: that which may be turned or spun around; magician's circle; equilateral parallelogram in which only the opposite angles are equal

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; syn-; tauto-.

【同源单词】loxodromic, orthorhombic, rhombohedron, rhomboid, rhomboid ligament, rhomboid muscle

词根词缀：rhoncho-, rhonch-

【来源及含义】Greek: a snoring; to snore; from beak, snout

【同源单词】rhonchal, rhonchi, rhonchial, rhonchus

词根词缀：rhyp-, rhypo-; rup-, rupo-

【来源及含义】Greek: filth; dirt

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; soil-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】rhyparia, rhyparography, rhyparos, rhypasma, rhypax, rhypophagous

词根词缀：rhythm-, rhythmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: regularly recurring motion; measured motion

【同源单词】accelerated idioventricular rhythm, allorhythmia, allorhythmic, alpha rhythm, anisorhythmia, anisorrhythmia

词根词缀：rhytid-, rhytido-, rhitid-, rhitido-, rhyti-, rhiti-

【来源及含义】Greek: wrinkle, wrinkling; folding

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "wrinkle, wrinkled; fold": pharc-; rugo-. Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); scabio- (mange, itchy); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】rhytid, rhytidectomies, rhytidectomy, rhytidermia, rhytidome, rhytidophyllum

词根词缀：rid-, ridi-, risi-

【来源及含义】Latin: to laugh, laugh at; capable of exciting laughter; laughing

【同源单词】deride, derider, deridingly, derision, derisive, derisively

词根词缀：rigi-, rig-

【来源及含义】Latin: stiff, hard, numb; to be frozen, to grow stiff with cold, to be chilled

【同源单词】acid rigor, calcium rigor, catatonic rigidity, cerebellar rigidity, clasp-knife rigidity, cogwheel rigidity

词根词缀：rim-

【来源及含义】Latin: crack, chink

【同源单词】rima, rima glottidis, rima oris, rima vestibuli, rimal, rimose

词根词缀：ripari-, ripa-, rip-, riv-

【来源及含义】Latin: ripa, river, stream; bank, river bank, shore

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "river, stream": amni-; fluvio-; meand-; oceano-; potamo-.

【同源单词】aeroderivative, arrival, arrive, arrived, derivable, derivation

词根词缀：rit-, ritual-

【来源及含义】Latin: ritus, religious observance or ceremony; custom, usage

【同源单词】rite, ritual, ritualism, ritualist, ritualistic, ritualistically

词根词缀：robor-, robust-

【来源及含义】Latin: strengthening; to strengthen, to invigorate; strength

【同源单词】corroborant, corroborate, corroborating, corroboration, corroborative, corroboratively

词根词缀：rod-, ros-

【来源及含义】Latin: gnaw, eat away; eaten away, gnawed off, consumed

【同源单词】corrode, corrodible, corrosion, corrosive, erode, eroded

词根词缀：roentgeno-, roentgen-

【来源及含义】German: radiation, "x-ray"; X-ray; 1896, translation of German X-strahl, from X, "algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity", + Strahl, "beam, ray"

【相关描述】So called after its discoverer, a German physicist, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen [1845-1923], who discovered roentgen rays [x-rays] in 1895; winner of the Nobel prize in physics in 1901.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "roentgen, x-ray" units: Roentgen Biography; Chemical Element: roentgenium.

【同源单词】bioroentgenography, cineradiograhy, cineroentgenography, fluororoentgenography, kiloroentgen, microroentgen

词根词缀：roma-

【来源及含义】Latin: Rome

【同源单词】Quando hic sum, roam, Roman, Roman Republic, romance, romancer

词根词缀：roseo-, ros-

【来源及含义】Latin: a red or pick color; rose colored or pinkish

【同源单词】prerosacea, rosacea, rosaceous, rosarian, rosary, rose

词根词缀：rostr-, rostro-, rostri-

【来源及含义】Latin: beak

【同源单词】angustirostral, birostrate, brevirostral, brevirostrate, conirostres, cultrirostral

词根词缀：roti-, rot-

【来源及含义】Latin: wheel [turn]

【同源单词】circumrotate, circumrotation, circumrotatory, contrarotation, dextrorotation, dextrorotatory

词根词缀：rotundi-, rotundo-, rotund-

【来源及含义】Latin: rotondo, rotundus; round, rounded; from Latin, rota, "wheel"

【同源单词】obrotund, ore rotundo, orotund, orotundity, rotandify, rotund

词根词缀：rub-, rubi-

【来源及含义】Latin: red, reddish

【同源单词】erubescence, erubescent, rubedinous, rubefacience, rubefacient, rubefaction

词根词缀：ruct-

【来源及含义】Latin: belch; eject, send out; expel

【同源单词】belch, belcher, burp, eruct, eructate, eructation

词根词缀：rudi-, rud-

【来源及含义】Latin: rough, unformed, unwrought; ignorant, untutored

【同源单词】erudite, eruditely, eruditeness, Eruditio et meritum pro omnibus, Eruditio, erudition

词根词缀：rug-, rugo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: wrinkle, to make full of wrinkles; ridge, fold

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "wrinkle, wrinkled; fold": pharc-; rhytid-.

【同源单词】arroyo, corrugate, corrugated, corrugation, corrugator, irrugate

词根词缀：ruin-

【来源及含义】Latin: collapse; serious damage; destruction

【同源单词】ruin, ruination, ruinous, ruinously, ruinousness

词根词缀：rumin-, rumina-

【来源及含义】Latin: to chew over again, to chew the cud; to muse or to meditate; that is, to think about something in a deep and serious or dreamy and abstracted way or to think about something carefully, calmly, seriously, and for a long time

【同源单词】cud, obsessive rumination, rumen, rumenitis, ruminant, Ruminantia

词根词缀：rust-, rus-, rura-, ruri-

【来源及含义】Latin: country, farm, land, open land; of the country, simple; live in the country

【同源单词】roister, roisterer, roisteringly, rural, ruralism, ruralist

词根词缀：saccharo-, sacchari-, sacchar-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: sugar; originally from Sanskrit, "gravel, grit"

【同源单词】disaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, heteropolysaccharides, homopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide, monosaccharide

词根词缀：sacco-, sacc-, sacci-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bag, pouch

【同源单词】airsacculitis, microsaccades, pseudosaccus, saccade, saccadic, saccate

词根词缀：sacr-, sacro-

【来源及含义】Latin: divine, holy; religious; spiritual; heavenly

【相关词根词缀】 Related "holy, sacred" word families: hagio-; hiero-; icono-; sanct-.

【同源单词】auri sacra fames, consecraphile, consecrate, consecratedness, consecration, desecrate

词根词缀：sag-, sagaci-

【来源及含义】Latin: wise, shrewd; keen perception

【同源单词】presage, presage, sagacious, sagaciously, sagaciousness, sagacity

词根词缀：sagitto-, sagitt-

【来源及含义】Latin: arrow

【同源单词】sagittal, sagittally, Sagittarian, sagittary, sagittate

词根词缀：sal-, sali-

【来源及含义】Latin: salt

【相关描述】Don't confuse this sal-, sali-; "salt" unit with another sali-, salt- unit which refers to "jumping" and "leaping".

【同源单词】ammonia, cum grano salis, desalination, desalt, hypersaline, hypersalinity

词根词缀：sali-, salt-, -sili-, sult-, -salta-

【来源及含义】Latin: to leap, leaping; to jump, jumping; to hop, hopping; to spring forward, springing forward

【相关描述】Don't confuse this sali-, salt-; "jump" unit with another sal-, sali- unit which refers to "salt".

【同源单词】assail, assailability, assailable, assailant, assailed, assault

词根词缀：salivo-, saliv-

【来源及含义】Latin: spittle, the fluid secreted in the mouth

【相关词根词缀】Other related saliva and/or spittle units: ptyalo-; sialo-; sput-.

【同源单词】electrosalivogram, esophagosalivation, insalivate, insalivation, muco-salivary, saliva ejector

词根词缀：salping-, salpingo-

【来源及含义】Greek: tube, trumpet

【同源单词】celiosalpingectomy, hysterosalpingectomy, laparohysterosalpingo-oophorectomy, laparosalpingectomy, laparosalpingo-oophorectomy, laparosalpingotomy

词根词缀：salu-

【来源及含义】Latin: greeting, good health; welfare, health

【相关词根词缀】 Related "health" word families and articles: Health: Index; Hygeia > hygiene > health; hygieio-, hygiei-; iatro-, -iatrician; sana-, sani-.

【同源单词】Ave, Morituri te salutamus, Per scientiam ad salutem publicam, salubrious, salubriously, salubriousness

词根词缀：salva-, salv-

【来源及含义】Latin: save; safe

【同源单词】safe, safely, safety, salvage, salvage archaeology, salvation

词根词缀：sana-, sani-, san-

【来源及含义】Latin: healthy, whole; by extension: cure, heal, take care of; sound in mind and body

【相关词根词缀】 Related "health" word families and articles: Health: Index; Hygeia > hygiene > health; hygieio-, hygiei-; iatro-, -iatrician; salu-.

【同源单词】bradysanescent, desanimania, insane, insanely, insaneness, insanitariness

词根词缀：sanct-, sancti-

【来源及含义】Latin: sacred, holy; religious

【相关词根词缀】 Related "holy, sacred" word families: hagio-; hiero-; icono-; sacro-.

【同源单词】acta sanctorum, Memento ut diem sabbati sanctifices, sacrosanct, sacrosanctity, sancta simplicitas, sanctanimity

词根词缀：sangui-, sanguio-, sanguin-

【来源及含义】Latin: blood

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving "blood" word units: angi-; apheresis; -emia; hemo-; hemoglobin-; phleb-; vas-; vascul-.

【同源单词】consanguine, consanguineous, consanguineous marriage, consanguineously, consanguinity, desanguinate

词根词缀：sap-, sapi-

【来源及含义】Latin: wise, wisdom, to be wise, to have wisdom; to know, knowledge; to taste [of], to perceive

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": cogni-; discip-; gno-; histor-; intellect-; learn, know; math-; sci-; sopho-.

【同源单词】Homo sapiens, insipid, insipidity, insipience, insipient, insipiently

词根词缀：sapo-, sap-, sapon-, saponi-

【来源及含义】Latin: soap

【同源单词】saponaceous, saponaceous, saponacity, saponaria, saponated, saponatus

词根词缀：sapro-, sapr-, sap-

【来源及含义】Greek: rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay; poisoning from bacterial action

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); puro- (pus); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); pustu- (blister, pimple); putre- (rotten, decayed); pyo- (pus; purulent); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay) sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); suppurant- (festering, forming or discharging pus); tabe- (wasting away, decaying).

【同源单词】holosaprophyte, mesosaprobe, mesosaprobic, oligosaprobic, polysaprobic, sapremia

词根词缀：sathro-, sathr-

【来源及含义】Greek: decayed, rotten; unsound, weak; humus

【同源单词】sathrophilous, sathrophily, sathrophyte, sathrophytic

词根词缀：satir-

【来源及含义】Latin: poetic medley, satire: the use of irony, sarcasm, or ridicule in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc.

【相关词根词缀】Related "jest; joke; wit; humor; funny" word units: faceti-; farc-; humor-; jocu-; lud-.

【同源单词】satire, satiric, satirical, satirically, satiricalness, satirist

词根词缀：satis-, sati-, sat-

【来源及含义】Latin: enough

【同源单词】asset, dissatisfaction, dissatisfactoriness, dissatisfactory, dissatisfiedly, dissatisfiedness

词根词缀：saxi-, sax-

【来源及含义】Latin: rock, rocky, stone, broken rock, rough stone

【相关词根词缀】 Related "stone, rock" word families: lapid-; litho-; petro-; stele-.

【同源单词】calcosaxicole, saxatile, saxicava, saxicavous, saxicole, saxicoline

词根词缀：scabio-, scabi-, scab-

【来源及含义】Latin: rough, scurfy, scabby, mangy, itchy

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); sebo- (grease, oil).

【同源单词】sarcoptic scabies, scab, scaberulous, scabicide, scabies, scabietic

词根词缀：scapho-, scaph-

【来源及含义】Greek: boat-shaped [often refers to bones]; shaped like the hull of a boat; dug out like a boat; trench; deep vessel

【同源单词】bathyscaphe, scapha, scaphion, scaphism, scaphium, scaphocephalic

词根词缀：scato-, scat-, skato-, skat-

【来源及含义】Greek: dung, feces, excrement, offal, fecal matter, manure, ordure

【同源单词】coprophobiac, scat, scat, scatemia, scatologia, scatologic

词根词缀：sceler-, scelero-

【来源及含义】Latin: wickedness, bad, evil deed, crime

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; dys-; mal-; mis-; pessim-.

【同源单词】pavor sceleris, scelerat, scelerate, scelerophobia, scelestic

词根词缀：scend-, scen-, scand-, scan-, scans-

【来源及含义】Latin: to climb; to mount; by extension, a ladder

【同源单词】ascend, ascendable, ascendance, ascendancy, ascendant, ascendant

词根词缀：schizo-, schiz-

【来源及含义】Greek: split, cleft

【同源单词】onychoschizia, schizaxon, schizencephaly, schizocarp, schizocarpic, schizocarpous

词根词缀：schol-, schola-

【来源及含义】Latin: of a school, referring to a school; a place of learning

【同源单词】interscholastic, Non scholae, odium scholasticum, scholar, scholarity, scholarly

词根词缀：scind-, scis-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rend, to tear, to divide

【同源单词】abscind, abscissa, abscission, exscind, prescind, recent

词根词缀：scintill-, scintil-, scinti-

【来源及含义】Latin: light, shine, spark, sparkle, twinkle

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; splendo-.

【同源单词】atmospheric scintillation, dacryoscintigraphy, immunoscintigraphy, interplanetary scintillation, microscintigraphy, scinticisternograph

词根词缀：scio-, sci-, scia-

【来源及含义】Greek: shade, shadow; ghost

【同源单词】amphiscian, antiscians, antiscii, ascian, heliosciophyte, sciagram

词根词缀：sclero-, scler-

【来源及含义】Greek: skleros tough, toughen; hard, hardening; dry up

【同源单词】arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, otosclerosis, phlebosclerosis, sclera, scleradenitis

词根词缀：scoleco-, scolec-, scoleci-

【来源及含义】Greek: worm

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; sphec-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Glossoscolecidae, Megascolecidae, scolecida, scoleciform, scoleciphobia, scolecoid

词根词缀：scolio-, scoli-, skoli-

【来源及含义】Greek: curvature, curved, twisted, crooked, bent

【同源单词】rachioscoliosis, scoliokyphosis, scoliolordosis, scoliometer, scoliosciometry, scoliosis

词根词缀：scopi-, scopu-

【来源及含义】Latin: thin branches; hence, broom, brush

【同源单词】scopate, scopiferous, scopiform, scopiped, scopula, scopulate

词根词缀：scorbuti-, scorbut-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to, or having scurvy [a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C in the body, characterized by weakness, anemia, spongy gums, bleeding from the mucous membranes, etc.]

【同源单词】antiscorbutic, scorbutic, scorbutigenic

词根词缀：scorpi-, scorp-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin > Old French: Greek skorpios, Latin scorpionem, Old French scorpion; poisonous animal related to the spiders

【同源单词】Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpaeniformes, scorpamins, Scorpio, scorpioid, scorpion

词根词缀：scot-, scoto-, skot-, skoto-

【来源及含义】Greek: darkness; blindness

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; melan-; nigri-; nocti-; nycti-; skio-; umbra-.

【同源单词】angioscotoma, angioscotomas, angioscotometry, scotia, scotobacterium, scotobiological

词根词缀：scroful-, scrofulo-

【来源及含义】Latin: breeding sow

【相关描述】In the extended sense, it pertains to scrofula, a tubercular swelling, especially of the lymphatic glands [so named, perhaps, because the swelling resembles the shape of a sow or a female hog]).

【同源单词】scrofula, scrofuloderma, scrofulous, scrofulous abscess

词根词缀：scroto-, scrot-

【来源及含义】Latin: the pouch that holds the testes; a purse; probably a variant of scortum, "a skin, hide"; or of scrautum, "a leather bag for holding arrows"; akin to scrupus, "a sharp stone"

【同源单词】abdominoscrotal, cruroscrotal, inguinoscrotal, intrascrotal, penoscrotal, perineoscrotal

词根词缀：scrup-, scrupul-

【来源及含义】Latin: uneasiness, anxiety, doubt, especially, over a moral issue; literally, "small, sharp stone or pebble"

【同源单词】overscrupulosity, overscrupulous, overscrupulously, overscrupulousness, scruple, scruple

词根词缀：scrut-

【来源及含义】Latin: search, investigate; inquiry; examining, examination; inspect, inspection

【同源单词】close scrutiny, inscrutability, inscrutable, inscrutableness, scrutability, scrutable

词根词缀：scut-, scute-

【来源及含义】Latin: shield

【同源单词】escuage, escutcheon, esquire, scutage, scutcheon, Scutellosaurus

词根词缀：se-

【来源及含义】Latin: aside, apart from, without, by itself, by one's self

【同源单词】desegregate, dissever, disseverance, persevere, sebaptism, sebaptist

词根词缀：season-

【来源及含义】Latin: borrowed from Old French saison, seison, "a sowing, planting", from Latin sationem, "a sowing"; in Vulgar Latin, "time of sowing, seeding time"

【同源单词】season, seasonable, seasonably, seasonal, seasonally, seasoner

词根词缀：sebo-, seb-, sebi-

【来源及含义】Latin: tallow, suet, fat, fatty; grease; by extension, "pertaining to a suetlike secretion of the body"

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; omento-; pimelo-; pio-; steato-. Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving the "skin": callus-; chorio-; cicatri- (scar); cori-; cuti-; hymen-; lepido- (scab, scale); papulo- (pimple); psoro- (itch, mange); pustu- (blister, pimple); rhytid- (wrinkle); scabio- (mange, itchy).

【同源单词】antiseborrheic, dyssebacia, nasolabial seborrhea, pilosebaceous, sebaceofollicular, sebaceous

词根词缀：second-, secund-, secundi-

【来源及含义】Latin: second, following

【同源单词】deuteripara, Magnus opus, nulli secundus, second, secondarily, secondary

词根词缀：secul-

【来源及含义】Latin: from Old French seculer; from Late Latin sæcularis, worldly, living in the world, not belonging to a religious order; from saecularis, pertaining to a generation or age; from saeculum, saeclum, period of a man's life, generation; period of a hundred years

【同源单词】secular, secularism, secularist, secularistic, secularity, secularization

词根词缀：seleno-, selen-

【来源及含义】Greek: moon

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to the: "moon": Calendar, Moon Facts; Chemical Element: selenium; Gods and Goddesses; luna, luni-; Luna, the earth moon; menisc-; meno-; Planets in Motion; plano-.

【同源单词】aposelene, geoselenic, paraselene, periselene, selene, Selene

词根词缀：semen, semin-

【来源及含义】Latin: seed

【同源单词】disseminate, dissemination, inseminate, insemination, semen, seminal

词根词缀：semi-

【来源及含义】Latin: half, partly, twice

【同源单词】semi-acid, semi-amplexicaul, semiannual, semiannually, semiaquatic, semiarid

词根词缀：sen-, sene-, seni-, sir-

【来源及含义】Latin: old age, old, elder, elderly

【相关词根词缀】 Related "old; old age, elder" units: gero-; obsolesc-; presbyo-; veter-.

【同源单词】insenescence, insenescent, premature senility, psychosis of senility, seignior, seigniorage

词根词缀：senso-, sens-, sensi-, sensori-, sent-

【来源及含义】Latin: feeling, perception through physical awareness; to discern or detect by touch, smell, taste, sight, hearing, etc.

【相关描述】The words in this list refer either to physical or mental perceptions, or a combination of both of them.

【相关词根词缀】 Related-word units meaning feeling: aesth-; pass-, pati-; patho-.

【同源单词】abnormal sensation, aftersensation, assent, assent, assentation, assenter

词根词缀：sept-, septi-, septo-

【来源及含义】Latin: a partition; a dividing wall between two spaces, tissues, or cavities; from saepire "to enclose, to hedge in", and from saepes, "fence, hedge"

【同源单词】atrioseptoplasty, atrioseptostomy, lingual septum, septal, septal defect, septarian

词根词缀：septi-, sept-, septem-

【来源及含义】Latin: seven, seventh; a word element for number 7

【同源单词】septangle, septangular, septarch, septarchy, septave, September

词根词缀：sepulc-, sepul-

【来源及含义】Latin: to bury; a grave, a tomb

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "bury, burial, cemetery, grave; sleeping place": coimetro-; Epitaphs; funer-; sheol; tapho-.

【同源单词】sepulcher, sepulchral, sepulchrally, sepultural, sepulture, vivisepulture

词根词缀：sequest-, sequestr-

【来源及含义】Latin: to give up for safe keeping; a depository, a trustee; to restrict

【同源单词】bronchopulmonary sequestration, budget sequestration, geological storage, sequester, sequester, sequestered

词根词缀：seren-

【来源及含义】Latin: tranquility, calmness; peaceful, calm

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "calm, calmness, peace, quiet": pac-, peac-; plac-; quies-, quiet-.

【同源单词】Horas non numero nisi serenas, serenade, serenade, serenader, serene, serenely

词根词缀：serendip-

【来源及含义】Arabic: the gift of finding interesting things by chance; the faculty of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for; an apparent talent for making fortunate discoveries accidentally

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; sorc-; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】pseudoserendipitous, pseudoserendipity, serendipitist, serendipitous, serendipitously, serendipity

词根词缀：seri-, ser-

【来源及含义】Latin: serere, a string, a thread; a row, succession, sequence; to join together, to connect, to combine

【同源单词】assert, asserted, asserter, asserting, assertion, assertive

词根词缀：seri-, serio-

【来源及含义】Latin: weighty, important, grave [from French sérieux (feminine sériuse), from Late Latin seriosus, from earlier Latin serius]

【同源单词】jocoserious, overserious, seriocomic, serious, seriously, seriousness

词根词缀：serico-, seric-, seri-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: silk

【相关描述】From Greek, serikos, silken; literally, pertaining to the Seres, the Asian people from whom the Greeks first obtained silk. Don't confuse this seri- with another seri- in "serial" or "series" and serio- in "serious", etc.

【同源单词】holosericeous, sericate, sericeous, sericigenous, sericin, sericipary

词根词缀：serm-, sermo-

【来源及含义】Latin: a speaking, talking, delivering religious messages; literally, "that which is put together in a certain order"

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; tongue; voc-.

【同源单词】sermocination, sermocinator, sermon, Sermon on the Mount, sermonesque, sermonic

词根词缀：sero-, ser-, seri-

【来源及含义】Latin: serum, whey; watery substance; serum, in connection with serum

【相关描述】Used primarily in the extended sense of "clear animal fluid".

【相关词根词缀】Serum, whey words: oro-, orrho- unit.

【同源单词】autoserotherapy, chemoserotherapy, mucoserous, seroconversion, seroculture, serodiagnosis

词根词缀：serpe-, serpen-, serpent-, serpenti-

【来源及含义】Latin: creeping, to creep; a creeping thing; snake, snakes; serpent, serpents

【同源单词】Serpens, serpent, serpentarium, Serpentarius, serpenticide, serpentiferous

词根词缀：serra-, serri-, serr-

【来源及含义】Latin: saw, saw-tooth

【同源单词】serra, serradella, Serranidae, serranoid, Serrasalmidae, serrate

词根词缀：serv- (slave)

【来源及含义】Latin: servire, to serve, to be a slave; slave; slavery

【相关描述】From Latin servire, to be a slave, to serve; from servus, slave, which is an Etruscan loan word. Of course, the modern use of "serve" has gone beyond the "slavery" aspect, but we are considering the etymology of the words which apparently came from the original idea of "slavery".

This Latin serv- is not related to another serv-, -serve which means "to save, to preserve".

【同源单词】deserve, deservedly, disserve, disservice, Nemo liber est qui corpori servit, Paratae servire

词根词缀：sesqui-

【来源及含义】Latin: one and a half; normally used as a prefix; from Latin, semis “half” + que “and”

【相关描述】In chemistry, three atoms or equivalents of the [specified] element or radical are combined with two of another, as in iron sesquioxide, Fe ²O³. Also defined as the proportion of two (of one radical or element) to three (of another).

【同源单词】hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian, hippopotomonstrosesquipedalianism, hippopotomonstrosesquipedalianist, hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia, hyperpolysyllabicsesquipedalianist, sesquialteral

词根词缀：set-, seto-, seti-

【来源及含义】Latin: bristle [short stiff hair on an animal or plant, or a mass of short stiff hairs growing; especially, on a hog's back or a man's face]

【同源单词】bisetose, seta, setaceous, setiferous, setiform, setiparous

词根词缀：sex-, sexi-, sext-

【来源及含义】Latin: six, sixth; a word element for number 6

【相关描述】Don't confuse this sex- with another one that refers to "mating" or "gender".

【同源单词】senary, sexadecimal, sexagenarian, sexagenary, sexagesima, sexagesimal

词根词缀：sialo-, sial-

【来源及含义】Greek: saliva (suh LIGH vuh); spittle, foam from the mouth; the salivary glands

【相关词根词缀】Other related saliva and/or spittle units: ptyalo-; salivo-; sput-.

【同源单词】aerosialophagy, antisialagogue, asialia, galactosialidosis, glycosialorrhea, insalivation

词根词缀：sicca-, sicc-

【来源及含义】Latin: drying, dry; withered; arid

【同源单词】desiccant, desiccant, desiccate, desiccated, desiccation, desiccation breccia

词根词缀：sidero-, sider- (iron)

【来源及含义】Greek: iron; things made of iron

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with another sidero- which means "star".

【同源单词】asiderosis, carphosiderite, siderinuria, siderite, sideroblast, siderochrome

词根词缀：sidero-, sider- (star)

【来源及含义】Latin: star, stars

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with another sidero- which means "iron".

【同源单词】consider, considerable, consideration, considered, considering, desiderata

词根词缀：sigmoido-, sigmo-

【来源及含义】Greek: sigmoeides, shaped like the letter sigma; pertaining to the sigmoid flexure, the S-shaped bend in the colon; a combining form that usually denotes the sigmoid colon

【同源单词】anosigmoidoscopy, dolichosigmoid, proctosigmoidectomy, proctosigmoiditis, proctosigmoidoscope, proctosigmoidoscopy

词根词缀：sign-

【来源及含义】Latin: mark, token, indication; a fact, a condition, or a quality

【同源单词】assign, assignable, assignably, assignation, assignee, assigner

词根词缀：silen-

【来源及含义】Latin: absence of sound; quiet, still

【同源单词】Cave tibi cane muto, silence, silencer, silent, silentiary, silently

词根词缀：silico-, silic-

【来源及含义】Latin: flint, quartz, sand; a crystalline compound [SiO2]

【相关词根词缀】Other related "sand" units: amatho-; ammo-; areni-; thino-.

【同源单词】pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, silex, silica, silicate, silicatosis, siliceous

词根词缀：sincer-

【来源及含义】Latin: sound; pure, clean, whole, genuine, untainted

【同源单词】insincere, insincerely, insincerity, Prompte et sincere, sincere, sincerely

词根词缀：singl-, singular-

【来源及含义】Latin: one each, one at a time

【同源单词】single, singleness, singleton, singly, singular, singularism

词根词缀：singul-, singult-

【来源及含义】Latin: a hiccup; a sob, a speech broken by sobs

【同源单词】hiccup, singult, singultation, singultient, singultous, singultus

词根词缀：sinic-, sino-

【来源及含义】Latin: Chinese, from Medieval Latin Sinicus, "Chinese", from Sina, "China", from Late Latin Sinae, "the Chinese"; Sino-, "Chinese people, language, etc."

【同源单词】sicinized, Sinic, sinication, Sinicism, Sinicization, sinicize

词根词缀：sinistro-, sinistr-

【来源及含义】Latin: left, on the left side; at, toward, or using the left; left-handed

【同源单词】ambisinister, ambisinistrodextrous, dextrosinistral, sinister, sinistra, sinistrad

词根词缀：sinu-, sin-

【来源及含义】Latin: curve, winding; hollow

【同源单词】aerosinusitis, barosinusitis, dacryosinusitis, insinuate, insinuates, insinuating

词根词缀：siphon-, siphono-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: tube, pipe, or hose; a tube or pipe from which water or fluid springs out

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "tube, pipe": aulo-; can-, cann-; duc-, -duct (to lead, leading); fistul-; syringo-; tub-.

【同源单词】anti-siphon valve, back siphonage, bowl siphon, Heron, inverted siphon, siphon

词根词缀：skel-, scel-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: leg

【相关词根词缀】 Related "leg, legs" word units: cruro-; melo-.

【同源单词】isosceles, microskeles, scalene, scalenectomy, scalenohedron, scalenotomy

词根词缀：skeleto-, skelet-, skele-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: dried up, withered, mummy; the bony and some of the cartilaginous framework of the body of animals; including humans

【同源单词】chondroskeleton, dermaskeleton, dermoskeleton, ectoskeleton, endoskeletal, endoskeleton

词根词缀：skio-, ski-, skia-

【来源及含义】Greek: shade, shadow

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; melan-; nigri-; nocti-; nycti-; scoto-; umbra-.

【同源单词】skiagram, skiagraph, skiagraphy, skiametry, skiaphyte, skiascope

词根词缀：social-, socia-, soci-, socio-

【来源及含义】Latin: companion, partner, ally, comrade; interpersonal relationships, living with others, allied, associated; characterized by friendliness or geniality

【同源单词】anthroposociologist, anthroposociology, asocial, associate, association, associative

词根词缀：sodali-

【来源及含义】Latin: fellowship, friendship, companionship; companions; brotherhood

【同源单词】sodalism, sodalist, sodalitate, sodality, sodalize

词根词缀：sodio-, sodi-, sodo-, sod-

【来源及含义】Latin: glasswort, saltwort; hence, sodium carbonate [which may be derived from the ashes of burned glasswort or saltwort]

【同源单词】monosodium, prosodiac, sodium, stomatodysodia

词根词缀：soil-

【来源及含义】Latin: bottom; under surface; earth, dirt

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; sord-; terr-.

【同源单词】alluvial soil, desert soil, mineral soil, night soil, phytomorphic soils, relict soil

词根词缀：sol-, soli-, solo-

【来源及含义】Latin: sun

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sun" word family: helio-.

【同源单词】girasol, hippolarium, insol, insolate, insolation, lunisolar

词根词缀：sola-, sol-

【来源及含义】Latin: comfort, encourage, cheer

【同源单词】consolable, consolation, consolatory, consolatrix, console, disconsolate

词根词缀：solemn-, solemni-

【来源及含义】Latin: serious, earnest, sacred, holy; dignified with formality at a ceremonious service or as a religious devotion

【同源单词】solemn, solemness or solemnness, solemnity, solemnization, solemnize, solemnizer

词根词缀：solen-

【来源及含义】Latin: be accustomed

【同源单词】insolence, insolent, insolently, insolentness

词根词缀：soleno-, solen-

【来源及含义】Greek: channel, pipe

【同源单词】dacryosolenitis, solenichthyes, solenoglyph

词根词缀：soli-, sol-

【来源及含义】Latin: one, alone, only

【同源单词】desolate, desolate, desolately, desolateness, desolater, desolatingly

词根词缀：solid-

【来源及含义】Latin: whole; hence, "firm, sound"

【同源单词】biosolid, consolid, consolidant, consolidate, consolidated, consolidating

词根词缀：sopho-, soph-

【来源及含义】Greek: wise, wisdom; knowledge

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "know, knowledge; learn, learning": cogni-; discip-; gno-; histor-; intellect-; learn, know; math-; sap-; sci-.

【同源单词】anthroposophic, anthroposophical, anthroposophist, anthroposophy, bathysophical, cheirosopher

词根词缀：sopor-, sop-

【来源及含义】Latin: sleep, deep sleep

【相关词根词缀】 Related "sleep" units: dorm-; hypno-; letho-; narco-; oneiro- (dream); somni-.

【同源单词】sopor, soporal, soporate, soporation, soporiferous, soporiferously

词根词缀：sorb-, sorpt-

【来源及含义】Latin: to suck in, to swallow; to take in

【同源单词】absorb, absorbability, absorbable dusting powder, absorbable gelatin film, absorbable gelatin sponge, absorbable ligature

词根词缀：sorc-, sors-, sort-

【来源及含义】Latin: lot, fortune, fate

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": augur-; auspic-; fa-, fate; Fates in action; futur-; -mancy; omen; -phemia; vati-. A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; temer-; tycho-.

【同源单词】concert, consortium, ensorcell, lot, sorcerer, sorceress

词根词缀：sord-

【来源及含义】Latin: sordidus, dirty, foul, filthy, squalid; dirt, filth; related to sordes, "dirt"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; terr-.

【同源单词】sordes, sordes gastricae, sordid, sordidly, sordidness

词根词缀：soror-, sorori-, soro-

【来源及含义】Latin: sister [family member]

【同源单词】Soroptimist, sororal, sororate, sororial, sororially, sororicidal

词根词缀：spac-, spat-

【来源及含义】Latin: room, area, distance, stretch of time; space

【同源单词】aerospace, aerospace engineering, cyberspace, expatiate, expatiation, hydrospace

词根词缀：spano-, span-

【来源及含义】Greek: scarce, scarcity; rare, uncommon

【同源单词】spanandrous, spanandry, spandrel, spanemia, spanemic, spanemy

词根词缀：spasmo-, spasm-, spas-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: draw, tear, rend, pull; tension, convulsion; sudden, involuntary contractions

【同源单词】algospasm, anesthetospasm, angiospasm, anospasm, antispasmodic, antispastic

词根词缀：spelunc-, spelunk-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a cave, a cavern, a grotto

【相关词根词缀】 Related "cave, cavern" word sources: cav-, cavern; speleo-; stalac-, stalag-; troglo--.

【同源单词】spelunc, spelunca, speluncar, speluncer, speluncing, urban spelunker

词根词缀：sper-

【来源及含义】Latin: hope

【同源单词】despair, despairingly, desperado, desperate, desperately, desperation

词根词缀：spermo-, sperm-, spermato-, spermat-

【来源及含义】Latin: seed, germ; pertaining to semen

【同源单词】angiosperm, eucalyptol, gymnosperm, monospermous, polyspermy, spermal

词根词缀：sphagn-, sphagno-, sphagni-

【来源及含义】Greek: moss

【同源单词】sphagnicole, sphagnophile, sphagnophilous, sphagnous, sphagnum

词根词缀：sphec-, spheco-, sphek-, spheko-

【来源及含义】Greek: wasp, wasps

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; taeni-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Sphecidae, Sphecius speciosis, sphecoid, spheksophobia

词根词缀：spheno-, sphen-

【来源及含义】Greek: a wedge; the sphenoid bone, a wedge-shaped bone found at the base of the skull

【同源单词】acanthosphenote, alisphenoid, orbitosphenoid, sphenography, sphenoiditis, sphenophallia

词根词缀：sphero-, spher-, -sphere-

【来源及含义】Greek: ball, round, around; globe, global; body of globular form; by extension, circular zone, circular area

【相关词根词缀】 Related ball, sphere-word units: glob-, glom-; hemoglobin-.

【同源单词】adminisphere, aerosphere, allobiosphere, anthroposphere, asphere, aspheric

词根词缀：sphinctero-, sphincter-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: that which binds tightly, press together; band, lace; hence, muscle that closes an aperture of the body; a ringlike band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】blepharosphincterectomy, electromyography of pelvic floor sphincter, lissosphincter, rhabdosphincter, sphincter, sphincteralgia

词根词缀：spic-, spiculi-

【来源及含义】Latin: point, sharp point, spike

【同源单词】spica, spicate, spiciferous, spiciform, spicose, spicous

词根词缀：spin-, spino-, spini-

【来源及含义】Latin: thorn, prickle; by extension, "backbone", the spinal cord

【同源单词】anospinal, anterospinal, cerebrospinal, cervicispinal, costispinal, dorsispinal

词根词缀：spiro-, spir-, spira-, spirat-, -spire, -spiring, -spiration, -spirational (breath)

【来源及含义】Latin: breath of life, breath, breathing; mind; spirit, "soul"; courage

【相关描述】Don't confuse this spiro-, with another spiro- meaning "coil, twisted".

【相关词根词缀】 Word units related to breath and breathe: hal-; pneo-; pneumato-; pneumo-; psych-.

【同源单词】antiperspirant, aquatic respiration, aspirant, aspirate, aspirate, aspiration

词根词缀：spiro-, spir-, spiri-

【来源及含义】Greek, speira > Latin, spira: coil, coiled; twisted, turning

【相关描述】The Greek speira refers to anything which is wound or wrapped around something. In the plural, speirai, it includes the twisted folds or coils of a serpent or of a net; therefore, it refers to anything which is coiled, wreathed, or twisted; such as, a coil of a snake.

Careful, there is another spiro- which means "breath of life; breathing, breath".

【相关词根词缀】There are other "coil" words at this helico- unit.

【同源单词】conchospiral, spiradenitis, spiradenoma, spiral, spiral, spiral

词根词缀：spirochet-, spirochaet-, spirocheta-, spirocheti- (long flowing)

【来源及含义】Greek: coil; [long flowing] hair; hence, "hair, bristle"; spirochetes, coil-shaped microorganisms

【同源单词】bronchospirochetosis, fusospirochetal, fusospirochetosis, spirochete, spirochetemia, spirocheticidal

词根词缀：splanchn-, splanchno-

【来源及含义】Greek: entrails, intestines, viscera [internal organs collectively; especially, those in the abdominal cavity]

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; incret-; inter-; intra-; viscer-. A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract, tube": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】splanchnapophysis, splanchnemphraxis, splanchnesthesia, splanchnic, splanchnicectomy, splanchnocele

词根词缀：splendo-, splend-

【来源及含义】Latin: to shine, shining; to gleam, to glisten; illustrious; bright; brilliant, brilliance; magnificent, sumptuous

【相关词根词缀】 Etymologically related "light, shine, glow" word families: ethero-; fulg-; luco-; lumen-, lum-; luna, luni-; lustr-; phengo-; pheno-; phospho-; photo-; scinti-, scintill-.

【同源单词】brilliance, brilliancy, brilliant, Fortuna vitrea est, Non teneas aurum totum quod splendet ut aurum, resplendence

词根词缀：spodo-, spod-

【来源及含义】Greek: ashes; waste materials

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; volcan-.

【同源单词】spodiomyelitis, spodium, spodogenous, spodogram, spodography, spodomancy

词根词缀：spondylo-, spondyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: spine, spinal column, vertebra

【同源单词】asterospondylous, perispondylitis, platyspondulia, spondylalgia, spondylarthritis, spondylitic

词根词缀：spongi-, spongio-, spong-, spongo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: sponge

【同源单词】abdominal sponge, absorbable gelatin sponge, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ceratospongiae, myelospongium, sponge

词根词缀：spous-

【来源及含义】Latin: betrothed man, groom; betrothed woman, bride; both come from sponsus, past participle of spondere, "to promise, betroth" from Old French, espous [masculine, male]; espouse [feminine, female]

【相关词根词缀】This spous- unit is directly related to the spond-, spons- unit.

【同源单词】espousal, espouse, espoused, espouser, spousal, spousals

词根词缀：spurci-

【来源及含义】Latin: dirty, foul, impure; spurcus, spurcitia

【同源单词】spurcidical, spurcitious, spurcity

词根词缀：sput-

【来源及含义】Latin: spit, saliva, expectorated matter

【相关词根词缀】Other related saliva and/or spittle units: ptyalo-; salivo-; sialo-.

【同源单词】sput, sputaminous, sputation, sputative, spute, sputter

词根词缀：squam-

【来源及含义】Latin: scale; like scales

【同源单词】Annona squamosa, basosquamous carcinoma, blepharitis squamosa, desquamation, desquamative, papulosquamous

词根词缀：stalac-, stalag-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: dropping, dripping; trickling; to drip, to drop, to trickle

【相关词根词缀】 Related "cave, cavern" word sources: cav-, cavern; speleo-; spelunc-, spelunk-; troglo-.

【同源单词】stalactic, stalactical, stalactiform, stalactite, stalactite, stalactitic

词根词缀：-stalsis, -staltic (suffix)

【来源及含义】Greek: contraction; to gather, to constrict

【同源单词】antiperistalsis, antiperistaltic, bradydiastalsis, bradystalsis, catastalsis, hyperperistalsis

词根词缀：staphyl-, staphylo-

【来源及含义】Greek: bunch of grapes, uvula [that which resembles a grape hanging from a stock]; staphylococci, grape-shaped bacteria occurring in irregular clusters

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are derived directly, or indirectly, from: "grape, grapes": acin-; racem-; uveo-; uvul-.

【同源单词】ciliary staphyloma, MRSA infection, ophiostaphyle, peristaphyline, peristaphylitis, staphylectomy

词根词缀：stauro-, staur-

【来源及含义】Greek: upright stake; hence, "rood, cross"; cross-shaped, crosslike, crossed

【相关描述】Rood comes from Old English and means, "rod, pole; measure of land; cross".

【同源单词】stauractine, Staurikosaurids, Staurikosaurus, staurion, staurogamy, staurolatrian

词根词缀：steato-, steat-

【来源及含义】Greek: fat; suet, tallow

【相关词根词缀】Related fat-word units: adipo-; lard; lipo-; obeso-; oleo-; omento-; pimelo-; pio-; sebo-.

【同源单词】steatite, steatitis, steatocele, steatocryptosis, steatocystoma, steatogenous

词根词缀：stego-, steg-, stegano-

【来源及含义】Greek: covering, covered, to cover; roof; by extension, secret, secret writing, applied to a secret code, codes, or ciphers that are hidden

【相关描述】Closely related to Latin tego-, techo-, "to cover".

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "secret, hidden, confidential, concealed": ceal-; clandesti-; crypto-; myster-; occult-; orgy.

【同源单词】acanthostegous, rhinostegosis, steganalysis, steganogram, steganograph, steganographic

词根词缀：stell-

【来源及含义】Latin: star, stars

【同源单词】circumstellar, constellation, Estella, Estelle, interstellar, Stella

词根词缀：steno-, sten-

【来源及含义】Greek: narrow, contracted; short

【同源单词】angiostenosis, arteriostenosis, colpostenosis, colpostenotomy, corestenoma, corestenoma congenitum

词根词缀：stercor-, sterco-, sterc-

【来源及含义】Latin: stercus, stercoris; dung, excrement, manure; feces, fecal

【同源单词】stercobilin, stercobilinogen, stercoligh, stercolin, stercolith, stercoma

词根词缀：stereo-, stere-

【来源及含义】Greek: solid, firm, hard; three-dimensional

【同源单词】stereochemistry, stereochromy, stereognosis, stereognostic, stereogram, stereograph

词根词缀：sterno-, stern-

【来源及含义】Greek: chest, breast, sternum, the breast bone

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】chondrosternoplasty, cleidosternal, costosternal, costosternoplasty, entosternal, entosternite

词根词缀：sternut-, sternu-

【来源及含义】Latin: sneeze, act of sneezing

【同源单词】sternutament, sternutation, sternutative, sternutator, sternutatories, sternutatory

词根词缀：sterto-, stert-

【来源及含义】Latin: to snore; a snoring

【同源单词】stertor, stertoria, stertoroclinia, stertorogenic, stertoropathia, stertoropathy

词根词缀：stetho-, steth-

【来源及含义】Greek: chest, breast

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; sterno-; thorac-.

【同源单词】electrostethograph, phonostethograph, photostethoscope, stethacoustic, stethalgia, stethemia

词根词缀：stich-, sticho-

【来源及含义】Greek: line, row

【同源单词】acrostic, acrostichal, acrostichoid, distich, distichiasis, distichous

词根词缀：stigma-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: mark, reproach [from Greek, "puncture, brand, mark, point"]

【同源单词】anastigmatic, astigmatic, astigmatism, astigmia, hysterical stigmas, linticular astigmatism

词根词缀：stimul-

【来源及含义】Latin: impel, goad, sting, spur, incentive, full of incentives

【同源单词】contrastimulant, hyperstimulation, immunostimulant, narcostimulant, psychostimulant, stimulant

词根词缀：stip-, stipit-

【来源及含义】Latin: compress, compressed, to press together, to pack; related to: stalk, log, stock, trunk of a tree

【同源单词】atonic constipation, colonic constipation, constipate, constipation, exhaustipated, obstructive constipation

词根词缀：stipul-

【来源及含义】Latin: to demand a formal promise, to bargain; to arrive an an agreement; to compromise

【同源单词】prestipulate, prestipulation, stipulate, stipulated, stipulated authority, stipulated damages

词根词缀：stochast-

【来源及含义】Greek: to aim at, to guess, to conjecture; to aim, to target, to mark

【同源单词】astochastic, stochastic, stochastic analysis, stochastic automaton, stochastic control theory, stochastic cooling

词根词缀：stomato-, stomat-, stom-, -stoma, -stomatous, -stomous, -stome, -stomy, -ostomy, -ostome,

【来源及含义】Greek: mouth, opening; orifice

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】anastomosis, anastomotic, angiostomatous, angiostomy, bronchostomy, cavernostomy

词根词缀：strab-

【来源及含义】Greek: strabizein > Modern Latin: "to squint"; imperfect focus; eyes deviating inwardly, deviating outwardly, or one eye going to the right and the other eye going to the left

【同源单词】apparent strabismus, horizontal strabismus, microstrabismus, monocular strabismus, nonconcomitant strabismus, periodic strabismus

词根词缀：strato-

【来源及含义】Greek: army

【同源单词】strategem, strategist, strategy, stratocrat, stratocratic, stratography

词根词缀：streph-, strepho-, strep-

【来源及含义】Greek: to twist, to turn

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】boustrophedon text, strephosymbolia, strephotome

词根词缀：strepi-, strep-

【来源及含义】Latin: noise, to make noise; to rattle, to roar

【同源单词】obstreperous, obstreperously, obstreperousness, streperous, strepitant, strepitous

词根词缀：strepto-, strepsi-

【来源及含义】Greek: a twisting, to twist; easily bent or twisted, like a chain

【同源单词】streptobacilli, streptococcal, streptococci, streptococcicide, Streptococcus, streptodermatitis

词根词缀：stri-, strio-

【来源及含义】Latin: furrow, furrowed; groove, grooved

【同源单词】stria, striae gravidarum, striate, striation, striations, striature

词根词缀：stridu-, strid-

【来源及含义】Latin: creaking, making a creaking sound; a shrill sound; a harsh sound

【同源单词】laryngismus stridulus, laryngitis stridulosa, strident, stridor, stridulant, stridulate

词根词缀：stroph-, -strophy, -strophe, -strophical, -strophism, -strophic, -strophes, strepto-, strept-

【来源及含义】Greek: turn, twist; bend

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】anastrophe, angiostrophe, angiostrophy, antistrophe, apostrophe, boustrophedon

词根词缀：strum-, strumo-, strumi-

【来源及含义】Latin: swollen gland, goiter

【同源单词】isthmectomy, struma, struma aberranta, struma aneurysmatica, struma maligna, strumectomy

词根词缀：stud-, studi-

【来源及含义】Latin: eagerness, to be eager; to be diligent; to be pressing forward

【同源单词】Abeunt studia in mores, Haec studia oblectant, student, studied, studiedly, studiedness

词根词缀：stulti-, stult-

【来源及含义】Latin: foolish, foolishness, folly, silliness

【同源单词】Infinitus est numerus stultorum, Nisi utile est quod facimus stulta est gloriae, Nomina stultorum parietibus haerent, stultification, stultified, stultifier

词根词缀：stup-, stupe-

【来源及含义】Latin: amazing, dull, dullness, numbed, numbness, stunned, stupefied

【同源单词】dodo, Obstupui, stupefacient, stupefaction, stupefactive, stupefier

词根词缀：stygio, stygi-, styx-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: hate, hating, hated, hateful; abhor, abhorrence; loathsome, loathing

【相关描述】Literally, the “horrible”. Related to "chill, frost; hate, hatred; abhorrence"; originally, "to shudder with cold"; by extension, hell or hades.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "hate, hatred" word sources: miso-; odi-.

【同源单词】Stygian, stygiophobia, Styx

词根词缀：styl-, stylo-, styli-

【来源及含义】Greek: column; pillar; pillarlike implement or structure, especially the styloid process of the temporal bone

【同源单词】amphistylar, amphistylic, Dystylosaurus, epistyle, hyostylic, peristylar

词根词缀：stypt-

【来源及含义】Greek: astringent [from the verb styphein, "to contract, to be astringent"

【同源单词】mechanical styptic, stypsis, styptic collodion, styptic pencil, styptic, stypticity

词根词缀：suad-, suas-, suav-

【来源及含义】Latin: suavis, "sweet"; suadere, "to advise"; "to make something pleasant to, to present in a pleasing manner"; hence "to recommend, to advise"

【同源单词】assuage, assuagement, assuager, assuasive, assuasive, convince

词根词缀：sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, su-

【来源及含义】Latin: under, below, beneath; used as a prefix as shown in various formats below

【相关描述】The prefix sub- often becomes suc- before c: succumb.

The prefix sub- often becomes suf- before f: suffuse.

The prefix sub- often becomes sug- before g: suggest.

The prefix sub- often becomes sum- before m: sumptuous.

The prefix sub- often becomes sup- before p: suppression.

The prefix sub- often becomes sur- before r: surrogate.

The prefix, sub- is often simplified to su- before sp; as seen in suspect, suspend, suspicion, suspension, et al. Before c, p, and t; it is sometimes formed into sus-.

【同源单词】oversufficient, sub specie, sub voce, subabdominal, subaquatic, subaquatics

词根词缀：subter-

【来源及含义】Latin: under, beneath, secretly, less than; formed from sub-

【同源单词】subterannuating, subterannuation, subterfuge, subterraneal, subterranean, subterraneous

词根词缀：succ-, succi-

【来源及含义】Latin: sap

【同源单词】pancreatic succorrhea, succagogue, succiferous, succorrhea, succulence, succulent

词根词缀：sudor-, sudo-, sudori-, suda- sud-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: sweat, sweating; perspire, perspiring, perspiration

【同源单词】exudation, exude, hydrosudopathy, hydrosudotherapy, sudarium, sudation

词根词缀：suffoco-, suffoc-

【来源及含义】Latin: choke, stifle, strangle

【同源单词】suffocant, suffocate, suffocating, suffocation, suffocative

词根词缀：sui-

【来源及含义】Latin: self, of oneself

【同源单词】sui generis, sui juris, suicidal, suicidally, suicidology, suicism

词根词缀：sulc-, sulco-

【来源及含义】Latin: furrow, groove; trench

【同源单词】bisulcate, crebrisulcate, multisulcate, quadrisulcate, semisulcus, sulcal

词根词缀：super-, supra-, sur-

【来源及含义】Latin: above, over, more than; excessive

【相关描述】Sur- is a form of super- formed through the French and shouldn't be confused with another assimilated sur- form that comes from sub- and means: "under, below, beneath".

In some words, super- is amplified to mean: "on top of; higher in rank or position than; superior to; greater in quality, amount, or degree than others of its kind; to a degree greater than others of its kind; to a degree greater than normal; extra, additional".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "above, over, beyond the normal, excessive" word units: epi-; hyper-; ultra-, ult-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; total-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】anterosuperior, archaeological survey, beta-gamma survey meter, costosuperior, cybersurfer, electromagnetic surveying

词根词缀：supin-

【来源及含义】Latin: lying on the back; going back; from supinus

【同源单词】resupinate, resupination, resupine, semisupination, semisupine, supinate

词根词缀：suppurant-, suppura-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fester, to form matter; forming or discharging pus

【相关词根词缀】 Word families with similar applications about: "decay, rotten; wasting away; putrid, pus" word units: phthisio- (decay, waste away); puro- (pus); pus (viscous fluid via an infection); pustu- (blister, pimple); putre- (rotten, decayed); pyo- (pus; purulent); sapro- (rotten, putrid, putrefaction, decay); sepsi- (decay, rot, putrefactive); tabe- (wasting away, decaying). Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; tum-; vesico-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】suppurant, suppurantia, suppurate, suppuration, suppurative, suppurative endophthalmitis

词根词缀：surg-, sur-

【来源及含义】Latin: to raise, to erect; to rise

【相关词根词缀】This unit is directly related to the regi-, reg-, rec- family of word units.

【同源单词】assurgent, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgent, counterinsurgent, insurgence, insurgency

词根词缀：sutur-, sutu-

【来源及含义】Latin: sew, stitch

【同源单词】absorbable surgical suture, accouter, accouterment, buried suture, catgut suture, consuture

词根词缀：syco-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: fig [sweet, hollow, pear-shaped, multiple fruit that has numerous tiny seedlike fruits that are eaten fresh or preserved or dried]

【同源单词】sycoceric, sycomancy, sycomore, syconium, sycophage, sycophagous

词根词缀：syn-, sy-, sym-, syl-, sys-

【来源及含义】Greek: with, together with; also by extension: united; same, similar; at the same time

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; tauto-.

【同源单词】acrocephalopolysyndactyly, acrocephalosyndactylia, acrocephalosyndactyly, acrosyndesis, allosynapsis, antagonistic symbiosis

词根词缀：syphilo-, syphil-, syphili-, syphi-

【来源及含义】Latin: Syphil[us], the eponymous main character of Girolamo Fracastoro's poem "Syphilus sive Morbus Gallicus" [Syphilus, or the French Disease], published at Verona, Italy [1530]

【相关描述】Syphilis is a venereal disease (of which Fracastoro's hero Syphilus, was a victim) and is caused by the microorganism Treponema pallidum.

Syphilus was a shepard whose name literally means a "friend of swine". Perhaps it was derived from Greek syn-, "together", plus philein "to love", or from Greek siphlos, "crippled, maimed". No one seems to know for certain.

【同源单词】antisyphilitic, dermosyphilopathy, neurosyphilis, syphilide, syphilionthus, syphiliphobia

词根词缀：tacho-, tach-, tachy-

【来源及含义】Greek: fast, speed, swift, rapid

【同源单词】acestachy, acrotach, auxetachy, bradypnea, cardiotachy, hemotachometer

词根词缀：tacit-, taci-, tace-

【来源及含义】Latin: silent, silence; unspoken; quiet

【同源单词】Qui tacet consentit, reticence, reticent, tace, tacenda, Tacet

词根词缀：taeni-, taenio-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: ribbon, band, stripe; tapeworm, tapeworms

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; termit-; vermo-.

【同源单词】Amoebotaenia, taenia, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, taeniacide

词根词缀：tal-, talo-, tali-

【来源及含义】Latin: the ankle, anklebone

【同源单词】articulatio talocruralis, talalgia, talar, talaria, talipedic, talipes

词根词缀：tali-

【来源及含义】Latin: talis, "such like" or "such"; talio, "punishment equal in severity to the wrong that occasioned it" or "exaction of payment or payment in kind"

【同源单词】lex talionis, retaliate, retaliation, retaliative, retaliator, retaliatory

词根词缀：talli-, tall-

【来源及含义】Latin: a cutting, rod, stick from talea

【同源单词】entail, entailer, entailment, tailor, tally, tally

词根词缀：talpi-, talp-

【来源及含义】Latin: mole

【同源单词】talipedical, talped, talpicide, talpid, Talpidae, talpiform

词根词缀：tang-, tact-, tast-, ting-, -tig -tag, -teg-

【来源及含义】Latin: touch, feel; try; reach; handle; evaluate, estimate

【同源单词】anticontagious, atactilia, attain, attainable, attainder, attainment

词根词缀：tant-

【来源及含义】Latin: so much

【同源单词】tantamount, Tantum nobis creditum

词根词缀：tarax-, tarac-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: confusion, disturbance, irritation, trouble, lack of calmness

【同源单词】ataractic, ataraxia, ataraxy, taraxigenic, taraxigenous, taraxiphrenia

词根词缀：tard-

【来源及含义】Latin: slow; sluggish

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references directly, or partly, involving "slow, slowness, slow of, sluggish": dys-; lent-.

【同源单词】Ad vindictam tardus, aquitard, mental retardation, psychomotor retardation, psychosocial retardation, retard

词根词缀：tars-, tarso-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: ankle, tarsal plate of the eyelid; from Greek tarsos, frame of wickerwork; broad, flat surface, as also in tarsos podos, the flat of the foot, instep of the foot; the edge of the eyelid

【同源单词】blepharorrhaphy, digitometatarsal, ectrometatarsia, entometatarse, longitarsal, metatarsal

词根词缀：tauro-, taur-, tauri-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: bull, steer

【相关词根词缀】Related "bovine; cow, ox, bull" word units: bou-; bovo-; ox-; vaccino-.

【同源单词】Minotaur, taurian, tauricide, Taurids, tauriform, taurine

词根词缀：tauto-, taut-

【来源及含义】Greek: same

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units dealing with "equal, identical, same, similar": auto-; emul-; equ-, equi-; homeo-; homo-; iso-; pari-; peer; rhomb-; syn-.

【同源单词】redundancies, tautegorical, tautochrome, tautochromism, tautochrone, tautochronism

词根词缀：taxi-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: device for calculating a distance traveled [in a vehicle for hire] and the corresponding fare due

【同源单词】taxi, taxicab, taximeter, taximeter-cabriolet

词根词缀：techno-, techn-, tect-

【来源及含义】Greek: art, skill, craft; techne, art, skill, craft; tekton, "builder"

【同源单词】agrotechnology, atechnic, atechny, biotechnics, biotechnology, cacotechny

词根词缀：-tecto-, -tect-

【来源及含义】Greek: carpenter, builder

【同源单词】architectonic, architectonics, atectonic, cytoarchitectonics, geotectonic, geotectonics

词根词缀：tedi-

【来源及含义】Latin: vex, weary; boring; irksome; dull, dreary; monotonous

【同源单词】tedious, tediously, tediousness, tedium, Tedium Vitae

词根词缀：teg-, tecto-, tect-

【来源及含义】Latin: to cover

【相关描述】Closely related to Greek stego-, steg-, "cover, covering".

【同源单词】autoprotection, cryoprotectant, cryoprotective, detect, detectable, detecter

词根词缀：teleo-, tel-, telo-

【来源及含义】Greek: end, last; result, completion, perfection, fulfillment

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with the tele- unit which means "far away, at a distance", etc.

【同源单词】autotelic, autotelism, bradyteleocinesis, dysteleology, horotelic, spermateleosis

词根词缀：tellur-, telluri-

【来源及含义】Latin: earth

【同源单词】cosmotellurian, tellural, tellurian, tellurian, telluric, tellurion

词根词缀：telmato-, telmat-, telmi-, telm-

【来源及含义】Greek: marsh, pool, standing or stagnent water; mud of a pool

【同源单词】phytotelmata, phytotelmic, telmatology, telmatophilous, telmatophyte, telmatoplankton

词根词缀：temer-

【来源及含义】Latin: rashly; at random, by chance; blindly; reckless; foolishly

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; tycho-.

【同源单词】temerarious, temerariously, temerariousness, temerary, temerat, temeration

词根词缀：temno-, temn-

【来源及含义】Greek: to cut, cutting; literally, a piece cut off

【相关词根词缀】 Related cutting-word units: cast-; castrat-; -cise, -cide; -ectomy; mutil-; put-; sec-, seg-; -tomy; trunc-.

【同源单词】apotemnophobia, autotemnous, temenos

词根词缀：temno-, temn-, tempt-

【来源及含义】Latin: despise, scorn, disdain

【同源单词】contemn, contemner, contempt, contemptibility, contemptible, contemptible

词根词缀：tempera-

【来源及含义】Latin: to mix, to mix colors

【同源单词】tempera

词根词缀：tempo-, tempor-

【来源及含义】Latin: time, occasion

【相关描述】Don't confuse this tempo- element with other words that refer to the temples; such as, the flattened sides of the forehead or the buildings used for religious worship or services. They simply have no connection with this element.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "time" units: aevum, evum; archaeo-, archeo-; Calendars; chrono-; horo-; pre-; Quotes: Time.

【同源单词】contemporaneous, contemporary, contemporate, contemporize, contretemps, distemper

词根词缀：temporo-, tempor-

【来源及含义】Latin: sides of the head near the eyes; temple bones

【同源单词】auriculotemporal, bitemporal hemianopia, frontal-temporal dementia, frontotemporal, mediotemporal, norma lateralis

词根词缀：tempt-

【来源及含义】Latin: to try out, to influence, to test

【同源单词】attempt, attemptability, attemptable, attempter, Quod potes id tempta, taunt

词根词缀：teno-, tenon-, tenonto-, tenont-, ten-

【来源及含义】Greek: tendon, sinew [related to "move in a certain direction, stretch"]

【同源单词】tenectomy, tenodynia, tenofibril, tenolysis, tenomyoplasty, tenomyotomy

词根词缀：tentacu-, tentac-

【来源及含义】Late Latin: feeler, to feel; a flexible appendage serving as an organ for moving around or for touching

【同源单词】bitentacle, bitentaculate, cnidarian tentacle, multitentacular, octotentacle, pinnitentacular

词根词缀：tep-, tepi-

【来源及含义】Latin: warm, lukewarm; slightly warm

【同源单词】subtepid, subtepidity, subtepidly, subtepidness, tepefaction, tepefy

词根词缀：tephro-

【来源及含义】Greek: ash-gray; volcanic material such as ash, dust, cinders, etc.

【同源单词】tephra, tephrite, tephritic, tephrochronological, tephrochronology, tephroite

词根词缀：tera-

【来源及含义】Greek: "monster, marvel"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关描述】Used in the metric [decimal] system as one trillion [U.S.] and billionfold [U.K.]: 10¹² [1 000 000 000 000] or a million million. The metric symbol for tera- is T.

According to the Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1992: Tera- comes "from a Greek term meaning 'marvel' or 'monster,' with the sense that this is a huge and marvelous quantity." Oh, PLEASE!

It would make much more sense to have tera based on tetra- (Greek), "four" rather then terato-, "monster, marvel"; which has no relative connection with this or any other metric unit.

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】terabit, terabyte, teracurie, teracycle, teraflop, terahertz

词根词缀：terato-, terata-, terat-, tera-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: marvel, omen, monster; malformation

【同源单词】tera-, teramorphous, teras, teratic, teratism, teratocarcinoma

词根词缀：terce-, ter-

【来源及含义】Latin: third, thrice

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "three, third": terti-; tri-, tre; trigono-; trito-.

【同源单词】terce, tercel, tercentenary, tercentennial, tercet, tierce

词根词缀：terg-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rub, polish, wipe

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "rub, rubbing; wear away; wipe": bruxo, brux-; frica-, frict-; tribo-; -tripsy; trit-.

【同源单词】absterge, deterge, detergence, detergency, detergent, detergents

词根词缀：term-, termin-

【来源及含义】Latin: end, last, final, boundary

【同源单词】conterminous, conterminously, determinable, determinableness, determinably, determinant

词根词缀：termit-

【来源及含义】Latin: Termes, a worm that eats wood, woodworm; literally, "the boring worm"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; vermo-.

【同源单词】terminarium, termite, termiticole, termitophilous, thermagation

词根词缀：terri-

【来源及含义】Latin: frightful, fearful; fear; fright; literally, causing terror

【相关描述】Don't confuse this element with other words that are spelled in a similar way; such as, terrestrial, territory.

【同源单词】bioterror, bioterrorism, bioterrorist, deter, deterrent, deterrently

词根词缀：terti-, tern-, ter-

【来源及含义】Latin: third; three each; three times

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "three, third": terce-; tri-, tre; trigono-; trito-.

【同源单词】sesquitertian, ternary, tertigravida, tertipara, tertium quid

词根词缀：tessara-, tessera-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: four; cube; password

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "four, fourth": quadri-; quatr-; tetra-.

【同源单词】tessara, tessarace, tessaraconter, tessaradecad, tessaradecasyllabon, tessaraglot

词根词缀：testa-, test-

【来源及含义】Latin: testu, testum; earthen container, earthen pot; shell, skull

【同源单词】abdominal ultrasound test, acid test, ACT test, SAT test, test, test protocol

词根词缀：testi-, test-

【来源及含义】Latin: a witness, one who stands by; from testicle, one of the two oval male gonads supported in the scrotum by its tissues and suspended by the spermatic cord

【同源单词】Ab intestato, attest, attestable, attestant, attestation, attester

词根词缀：testud-

【来源及含义】Latin: tortoise, turtle; from earthern vessel

【同源单词】testudinal, testudinarious, Testudinata, testudinate, testudineous, testudines

词根词缀：tetan-, tetano-, tetani-

【来源及含义】Greek: tension, especially a convulsive tension; muscle spasm or tetanus, an infectious disease characterized by muscle spasms

【同源单词】artificial tetanus, ascending tetanus, cephalic tetanus, chronic tetanus, cryptogenic tetanus, descending tetanus

词根词缀：tetart-, tetarto-

【来源及含义】Greek: one fourth

【同源单词】tetartanopia, tetartanopic, tetartohedral, tetartohedron

词根词缀：tetra-, tetr-

【来源及含义】Greek: four; a number used as a prefix

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "four, fourth": quadri-; quatr-; tessara-.

【同源单词】rotundo-tetragonal, tessaraglot, tetrabasic, tetrablastic, tetrabrach, tetrabrachius

词根词缀：text-, tex-

【来源及含义】Latin: to weave, woven; to structure, to make

【同源单词】boustrophedon text, context, contextual, contextually, contextural, contexture

词根词缀：thalam-, thalamo-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: inner room, bedchamber; so called by Galen because chambers at the base of the brain were thought to supply animal spirits to the optic nerves; thalamus, the middle part of the diencephalon (the area in the center of the brain just above the brain stem that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus) which relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex of the brain

【同源单词】chemopallidothalamectomy, chemothalamectomy, cryothalamectomy, epithalamium, hypothalamic, hypothalamus

词根词缀：thalasso-, thalass-, thalassi-, thalassio-, thalatto-, thalatt-

【来源及含义】Greek: sea, ocean

【相关描述】Traditionally, there are five oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Indian, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. The Antarctic Ocean, lacking any precise natural boundaries, is sometimes considered an extension of the Atlantic, the Pacific, and the Indian oceans.

The adjacent bodies of salt water and various subdivisions of the oceans are generally known as seas, but local usage may also sanction such terms as gulfs, bays, channels, and straits; designations that are sometimes used interchangeably.

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "sea" and the "ocean" bodies of water: abysso- (bottomless); Atlantic; batho-, bathy- (depth); bentho- (deep, depth); halio-, halo- (salt or "the sea"); mare, mari- (sea); necto-, nekto- (swimming); oceano-; pelago- (sea, ocean); plankto- (drifting).

【同源单词】limnothalassa, Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassian, thalassiarchy, thalassic

词根词缀：thall-, thallo-, thal-, thalli-

【来源及含义】Greek: young branch, shoot; thallus, a simple-plant body with undifferentiated root, stem, and leaf

【同源单词】heterothallic, homothallism, thallitoxicosis, thallium, thallophytes

词根词缀：thamn-, thamno-

【来源及含义】Greek: bush, shrub

【同源单词】Chrysothamnus, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Lepidothamnus, Malacothamnus, Ozothamnus, thamniscophysalidophagy

词根词缀：thaumato-, thaumat-

【来源及含义】Greek: wonder, a wondrous thing, exciting wonder; miracle, miraculous, magic; a thing to look at; sight, spectacle

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of another word family that is related directly, or indirectly, to: "miracle, wonder, wondrous": mirac-.

【同源单词】autothaumaturgist, philothaumaturgic, thaumatogenist, thaumatogeny, thaumatography, thaumatolatry

词根词缀：the-; them-, themat-, thes-, thet-

【来源及含义】Latin: placing, setting; to place, to put

【相关词根词缀】 Related word families intertwined with "to place, placing, to put; to add; to stay; to attach" word units: fix-; pon-; prosth-; stato-.

【同源单词】anathema, anathematization, anathematize, antithesis, apothecary, boutique

词根词缀：theat-, theatr-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: place for seeing dramas or shows

【同源单词】theater of the absurd, theater, theatergoer, theatric, theatrical, theatrically

词根词缀：thelo-, thel-, thele-

【来源及含义】Greek: teat, teats, nipple, nipples

【同源单词】epithelioma, epitheliomatous, epithelium, intestinal epithelium, theleplasty, thelerethism

词根词缀：thely-

【来源及含义】Greek: feminine, female, females; daughter, daughters

【同源单词】thelygenous, thelygenus, thelypara, thelyparous

词根词缀：theor-

【来源及含义】Greek (theorein, theoria); Latin (theoria): looking at, contemplation, spectator, speculation; viewing

【同源单词】theorem, theoretical, theoretician, theoretics, theorize, theory

词根词缀：therap-

【来源及含义】Greek: heal, cure; treatment; service done to the sick, [a waiting on]

【同源单词】actinotherapy, actinotherapy, aerohydrotherapy, aeroionotherapy, aeropiesotherapy, aerotherapy

词根词缀：thesaur-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: treasure, treasury, storehouse, chest; a treasury of words

【同源单词】gymnothesaurist, thesaural, thesaurismosis, thesaurocyte, thesauromania, thesauros

词根词缀：thigmo-, thigm-, thixo-

【来源及含义】Greek: touch, a touching

【同源单词】thigmaesthesia, thigmocyte, thigmokinesis, thigmokinetic, thigmomorphic, thigmomorphosis

词根词缀：thino-, thini-, thin-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: sand bank, sand dunes; shore

【相关词根词缀】Other related "sand" units: amatho-; ammo-; areni-; silico-.

【同源单词】thinic, thinicole, thinicoline, thinicolous, thinophile, thinophilic

词根词缀：thio-, thi-, thion-

【来源及含义】Greek: brimstone, sulfur

【同源单词】Thiobacillus, Thiobacteria, thiobios, thiodotherapy, thioether, thiogenic

词根词缀：threpso-, threps-

【来源及含义】Greek: nutrition, nourishment

【同源单词】athrepsy, threpsis, threpsology

词根词缀：thrombo-, thromb-

【来源及含义】Greek: clot, lump; aggregation of blood factors

【同源单词】thrombectomy, thrombi, thromboangitis, thromboarteritis, thrombocyte, thrombocythemia

词根词缀：thygatro-, thygatr-, thygatri-, thygater-

【来源及含义】Greek: daughter

【同源单词】thygatride, thygatrilagnia, thygatriphilia

词根词缀：thyla-

【来源及含义】Greek: pouch, sack

【同源单词】thylacine, thylacogens, thylakoid

词根词缀：thymo-1, thym-, thymi-

【来源及含义】Greek > Modern Latin: thymus gland, glands; warty glanular growth resembling a bunch of thyme [aromatic bush leaves]

【同源单词】thymectomize, thymectomy, thymic, thymicolymphatic, thymitis, thymocyte

词根词缀：thymo-2, thym-, -thymia (emotions)

【来源及含义】Greek: thymos, spirit, soul; courage; breath, mind, emotions

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving the "mind, mental" word units: anima-; anxi-; deliri-; hallucina-; menti-; moro-; noo-; nous; phreno-; psych-.

【同源单词】agonothymia, agonothymic, agriothymia, athymia, athymos, cacothymia

词根词缀：thymo-3, thym-, thymi- (plant)

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a genus of plants, the thyme

【同源单词】thyme, thyme oil, thymene, thymiama, thymiatechny, thymiaterion

词根词缀：tibio-, tibi-

【来源及含义】Latin: [larger] shinbone;

【同源单词】pretibial, tibia, tibia valga, tibial, tibialgia, tibicinate

词根词缀：tillo-, till-

【来源及含义】Greek: to pluck, tear, pull

【同源单词】onychotillia, onychotillomania, peotillomania, rhinotillomania, tillexis, tilmus

词根词缀：timi-, tim-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fear; faint-hearted, cowardly

【同源单词】intimidate, intimidation, Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes, Timeo hominem unius libri, timid, timidity

词根词缀：tinnit-, tintinnabu-

【来源及含义】Latin: to ring, to jingle

【同源单词】tinnitus, tinnitus aurium, tintamarre, tintinnabul-, tintinnabular, tintinnabulate

词根词缀：tipho-, tiph-, tiphi-

【来源及含义】Greek: pool, pond, marsh, swamp

【同源单词】tiphicoline, tiphicolous, tiphophile, tiphophilous, tiphophily, tiphophyte

词根词缀：titano-, titan-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: any person or something of enormous size or power

【相关描述】From Greek mythology, one of the primitive gigantic deities, the children of Uranus and Gaea; the sun god, Helios, was the son of the Titan Hyperion.

【同源单词】Titan, Titanesque, Titaness, Titanic, titanic, titanically

词根词缀：titillo-, titill-

【来源及含义】Latin: tickle, tickling; by extension, light scratching

【同源单词】Draco Dormiens Nunquam Titillandus, titillagnia, titillate, titillater, titillating, titillation

词根词缀：title, -title, titu-, tild-

【来源及含义】Latin: titulus; inscription on a tomb or altar; a label, a heading in a book or other composition

【同源单词】entitle, entitlement, multititular, nontitular, nontitularly, tilde

词根词缀：tolerat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: to bear, to support, to endure

【同源单词】aerotolerant, barotolerant, cryotolerant, halotolerant, intolerability, intolerable

词根词缀：toll-, tol-

【来源及含义】Latin: to lift up, to raise; to carry

【同源单词】extol, extolingly, extolled, extoller, extolment

词根词缀：tonitro-, tonitru-

【来源及含义】Latin: thunder

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": astrapo-; bronto-; cerauno-, kerauno-; fulgur-.

【同源单词】thunder, thunder, thunderbolt, thunderclap, thunderous, thunderously

词根词缀：tono-, ton-, -tonia, -tonic, -tonous, -tony (sound)

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: sound, tone; [Greek tonos, "that which is stretched, a stretching, a straining, a pitch of the voice, a musical note"]

【同源单词】aerotonometer, aerotonometry, atonal, atonic, barytone, detonate

词根词缀：tono-, -tonia, -tone, -tony, -tonic, -tonical (tension)

【来源及含义】Greek: tonos = tension, pressure

【相关描述】The element tono- is a combining form with the meanings "stretching", "tension", "tone", used in the formation of compound words.

The suffix element -tonia is a combining form with the meanings of "muscle tension" or "nerve tension"; as specified by the initial element: hypertonia; used also in the formation of words that denote more generally a personality type or personality disorder; for example, catatonia and somatotonia.

【同源单词】amyotonia, amyotonic, angiohypertonia, angiohypotonia, atonia, atonic

词根词缀：tonsillo-, tonsill-

【来源及含义】Latin: small rounded mass of tissue, especially of lymphoid tissue; tonsil

【同源单词】peritonsillar, tonsil, tonsilla, tonsillar, tonsillectome, tonsillectomy

词根词缀：torp-

【来源及含义】Latin: stupor, numb, sluggish

【同源单词】summer torpor, tepid, torpedo, torpedo, torpescence, torpescent

词根词缀：tors-, tort-, -tort, tortu-, torqu-

【来源及含义】Latin: bend, curve, turn, twist

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tropo-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】amalgam retort, contort, contortedly, contortion, contortionist, contortoplankton

词根词缀：total-, tot-

【来源及含义】Latin: all, whole, entire

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; ultra-; undu-.

【同源单词】in toto, Non nobis solum sed toti mundo nati, Non sibi sed toti, Non teneas aurum totum quod splendet ut aurum, Quot linguas calles, Si finis bonus est

词根词缀：tower-, turr-

【来源及含义】Latin: high structure

【同源单词】tower, towered, towering, turret, turretted

词根词缀：toxo-

【来源及含义】Greek: bow, arrow

【同源单词】toxophilist, toxophilite, toxophily

词根词缀：tra-, tract-, trac-, -tractive, -traction, -tracting, treat-, trai-

【来源及含义】Latin: drag, draw together; a drawing out or pulling

【同源单词】abstract, abstract, abstracted, abstractedly, abstractedness, abstraction

词根词缀：trachel-, trachelo-

【来源及含义】Greek: neck, throat, cervix

【相关描述】Here is a special article about the Neck and Throat.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; coll-; esophag-; guttur-; laryng-; nuch-.

【同源单词】endotrachelitis, hematotrachelos, hysterotrachelectomy, hysterotracheloplasty, hysterotrachelorrhaphy, hysterotrachelotomy

词根词缀：tracheo-, trache-

【来源及含义】Greek: windpipe; originally, "rough" artery

【同源单词】laryngotracheal, laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, laryngotracheobronchoscopy, laryngotracheoscopy, laryngotracheotomy

词根词缀：trachy-, trach-

【来源及含义】Greek: rough

【同源单词】trachoma, trachomatous, trachycarpous, trachychromatic, trachyphonia, trachyspermous

词根词缀：tragico-, tragi-, trago-, trag-

【来源及含义】Greek: goat

【相关词根词缀】 Related goat-word units: aego-; capri-; hirco-.

【同源单词】tragacanth, tragal, tragedian, tragedienne, tragedy, tragelaph

词根词缀：trans-, tran-, tra-

【来源及含义】Latin: across, through, over, beyond, on the far side of; most often used as a prefix

【相关描述】Don't confuse the tra- in this element with another tra- in "drag" or "draw". Trans- becomes tra- before the consonants -d, -j, -l, -m, -n, and -v.

【同源单词】acetyltransferase, allogenic transformation, allotransplantation, Amphora transformed into, autocholecystotransversecolostomy, autologous transfusion

词根词缀：tremo-, tremor-, tremb-, trem-; tremul-

【来源及含义】Latin: shivering, shaking, quivering

【同源单词】alcohol withdrawal delirium tremens, atremble, essential tremor, minor earthquake tremor, temblor, tremble

词根词缀：trepid-

【来源及含义】Latin: agitated, alarmed, restless, anxious, solicitous; fear, fearful, fright; terror; consternation

【同源单词】intrepid, intrepidity, intrepidly, intrepidness, trepid, trepidant

词根词缀：tri-, tre-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: a numerical prefix meaning, three, thrice, threefold; triple; a word element for number 3

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "three, third": terce-; terti-; trigono-; trito-.

【同源单词】ternary, treble, trebly, triacid, triact, triad

词根词缀：tribo-, trib-

【来源及含义】Greek: friction, rub, rubbing, grind, wear away; spend, waste time; be busy

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "rub, rubbing; wear away; wipe": bruxo, brux-; frica-, frict-; terg-; -tripsy; trit-.

【同源单词】diatribe, electrostatic series, hydrotribophile, hydrotribophilous, hydrotribophily, hydrotribophyte

词根词缀：tribu-, trib-

【来源及含义】Latin: to assign, to allot, to bestow, to give, to grant; from tribe, to give out among the tribes was tribuere which is the source of many of the words located in this unit

【同源单词】attributable, attribute, attribute, attribution, attributive, attributively

词根词缀：trigono-, trigon-

【来源及含义】Greek: triangular; three angles

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "three, third": terce-; terti-; tri-, tre; trito-.

【同源单词】trigon, trigonal, trigone, trigonectomy, trigoneutic, trigonid

词根词缀：trismo-, trism-

【来源及含义】Greek: a gnashing, grating, grinding; lockjaw

【同源单词】rismus sardonicus, trismic, trismoid, trismus, trismus capistratus, trismus nascentium

词根词缀：triste-, tristi-

【来源及含义】Latin: sad, gloomy, melancholia

【同源单词】triste, tristemania or tristimania, tristitiate

词根词缀：trit-

【来源及含义】Latin: to rub; to thresh, to grind; to wear away; from tritus, past participle of terere, "to rub"

【相关描述】Don't confuse this trit- with another trit- which means "third".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "rub, rubbing; wear away; wipe": bruxo, brux-; frica-, frict-; terg-; tribo-; -tripsy.

【同源单词】antiattrition, attrite, attrition, biodetritus, contrite, contritely

词根词缀：trito-, trit-

【来源及含义】Greek: third; a number which is often used as a prefix

【相关描述】Don't confuse this trit- with another trit- which means "rub, wear away".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "three, third": terce-; terti-; tri-, tre; trigono-.

【同源单词】epitrite, tricuspid, tritagonist, tritanomaly, tritanopia, tritaph

词根词缀：triumph-

【来源及含义】Latin: achievement, a success, procession for a victorious general or admiral

【同源单词】Ante victoriam ne canas triumphum, Christus vincit, triumph, triumphal, triumphant, triumphantly

词根词缀：troch-, trocho-

【来源及含义】Greek: that which is round[ed]; a wheel, a disk

【同源单词】trochal, trochanter, trochanteritis, trochlea, trochlear, trochlear nerve

词根词缀：troglo-, trogl-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: cave; thriving in caves; cave dweller

【相关描述】The Greek troglo- also means, "one who creeps into holes" and "a hole formed by gnawing".

【相关词根词缀】 Related "cave, cavern" word sources: cav-, cavern; speleo-; spelunc-, spelunk-; stalac-, stalag-.

【同源单词】Nannus troglodytes, Troglichthys rosae, troglobiont, troglobiotic, troglobite, troglobitic

词根词缀：tropo-, trop-, -tropal, -trope(s), -tropic, -tropism, -tropia, -tropous, -tropy, trep-

【来源及含义】Greek: bend, curve, turn, a turning; response to stimulus

【相关描述】Don't confuse this tropo-, -tropy element with tropho-, meaning "food, nourishment, nutrition".

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; verg-; vers-; volv-.

【同源单词】acrotropic, acrotropism, aerotropic, aerotropism, ageotropism, allotrope

词根词缀：truckl-

【来源及含义】Greek: trokhilia, "pulley, system of pulleys, roller"; Latin: trochlea, "system of pulleys"

【同源单词】truck, truck, truckage, trucker, truckle, truckle

词根词缀：trunc-, truncat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to maim, to cut off; mutilated; cut short

【相关词根词缀】 Related cutting-word units: cast-; castrat-; -cise, -cide; -ectomy; mutil-; put-; sec-, seg-; temno-; -tomy.

【同源单词】alitrunk, celiac trunk, lumbosacral trunk, pulmonary trunk, truncal, truncate

词根词缀：trypan-, trypano-

【来源及含义】Greek: auger, borer; parasitic protozoa

【同源单词】trypanocide, trypanolysis, trypanophobia, Trypanosoma, trypanosome, trypanosomiasis

词根词缀：tub-

【来源及含义】Latin: pipe

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "tube, pipe": aulo-; can-, cann-; duc-, -duct (to lead, leading); fistul-; siphon-.

【同源单词】acinotubular, nanotube, tube, tubicole, tubing, tuboabdominal

词根词缀：tuber-, tuberi-

【来源及含义】Latin: swelling, node

【同源单词】coxotuberculosis, dactylitis tuberculosa, nuchal tubercle, silicotuberculosis, tubercular, tuberculicide

词根词缀：tuit-, tut-

【来源及含义】Latin: to look after, watch over; watcher, guardian

【同源单词】intuition, intuition, intuitionalism, intuitionalist, intuitive, intuitively

词根词缀：turb-, turbin-, turbo-, turbu-

【来源及含义】Latin: uproar, commotion, disorderly, agitated, confusion; whirl, whirlwind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】atmospheric turbidity, axial-flow turbine, bioturbation, condensing turbine, cryoturbation, disturb

词根词缀：turpit-

【来源及含义】Latin: disgraceful, depravity, infamy; from turpis, ugly, unsightly, unseemly; disgraceful, shameful, infamous, foul

【同源单词】moral inturpitude, moral turpitude, Nemo tenetur jurare in suam turpitudinem, turpis, turpis causa, turpis contractus

词根词缀：tuss-

【来源及含义】Latin: cough

【同源单词】tissicula, tussal, tussicular, tussiculation, tussigenic, tussis convulsiva

词根词缀：tycho-, tych-

【来源及含义】Greek: chance, fortune, fate, providence; by accident, an unforeseen or unexpected occurrence

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "chance, luck, fate": aleato-; auspic-; cad-; fortu-; -mancy; serendipity; sorc-; temer-.

【同源单词】atychiphobia, dystychiphobia, tychastical results, tychastics, Tyche, tychemortia

词根词缀：tyl-, tylo-

【来源及含义】Greek: a knob; callus, callous, callosity

【同源单词】tyloma, tylopod, tylopod, Tylopoda, tylopodous, Tylosaurus

词根词缀：tympan-, tympano-, tympani-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: drum, kettledrum; stretched membrane; from "blow, impression, to beat"; a part of the ear

【相关词根词缀】 Related "ear" word families: auri-; myring-; oto-.

【同源单词】aerotympanal, bulla tympani, entotympanic, membrana tympanica, tympanal, tympanectomy

词根词缀：typhl-, typhlo-

【来源及含义】Greek: blind, blindness [typhlos, blind]; denotes relationship to the cecum or the first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch; also called the "blindgut" or "blind intestine" [caecum, "blind, blind gut", typhlon, cecum]

【同源单词】ophthalmotoxin, typhlenteritis, typhlitis, typhlocolitis, typhloenteritis, typhlohepatitis

词根词缀：typhon-, typhoni-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: whirlwind, tempest

【同源单词】Typhon, typhon, typhoon

词根词缀：tyrann-, tyranni-, tyran-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: an absolute ruler; an oppressor, a dictator

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "master, lead, leading, ruler, ruling, govern": -agogic; agon-; arch-; -crat; dom-; gov-; magist-; poten-; regi-.

【同源单词】misotyrannist, Sic semper tyrannis, tyranness, tyrannical, tyrannicidal, tyrannicide

词根词缀：tyro-, tiro-

【来源及含义】Latin: beginner, novice [also, originally, a "young soldier" or "recruit"]

【同源单词】amateur, tirocinium, tyro, tyrociny, tyronic, tyronism

词根词缀：tyro-, tyr-; turo-, tur-

【来源及含义】Greek: cheese

【同源单词】turophile, turophilia, tyremesis, tyrogenous, Tyroglyphus, tyroid

词根词缀：ubi-

【来源及含义】Latin: where

【同源单词】nullibiquitous, ubi, Ubi amici, Ubi amor condimentum inerit, Ubi bene ibi patria, Ubi bene ibi patria

词根词缀：udo-

【来源及含义】Latin: rain

【同源单词】udograph, udometer, udometric, udometry

词根词缀：ul-

【来源及含义】Latin: ulos, "tail"

【同源单词】adulate, adulation, adulator, adulatory

词根词缀：ulc-, ulcer-

【来源及含义】Latin: sore, sore spot, painful spot

【同源单词】blepharitis ulcerosa, cutaneous ulcer, cystoscopic ulcer, diabetic ulcer, exulceration, gastroduodenal ulcer

词根词缀：ulno-, uln-

【来源及含义】Latin: elbow; larger bone of the forearm [from Greek: olene]

【相关词根词缀】A related "elbow" family of words: ancon-.

【同源单词】ulanaris, ulna, ulnad, ulnar, ulnen, ulnocarpal

词根词缀：ulo-

【来源及含义】Greek: wooly; curly

【同源单词】Ulotrichan, Ulotrichi, ulotrichous, ulotrichy

词根词缀：ultim-

【来源及含义】Latin: end, last, final

【同源单词】A primo ad ultimum, Ad finem ultimum, antepenult, antepenultimate, penult, penultimate

词根词缀：ultra-, ult-

【来源及含义】Latin: beyond, on the other side; excessive, to an extreme degree

【相关词根词缀】 Related "above, over, beyond the normal, excessive" word units: epi-; hyper-; super-, supra-. Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; undu-.

【同源单词】A primo ad ultimum, Ad finem ultimum, antepenultimate, bioultrasonics, cryoultramicrotomy, exultingly

词根词缀：ulula-, ululat-

【来源及含义】Latin: howl, wail, screech, cry out

【同源单词】ululate, ululated, ululates, ululating, ululation, ululator

词根词缀：ulutat-

【来源及含义】Latin: howl, screech, cry out

【同源单词】ululant, ululate, ululated, ululates, ululating, ululation

词根词缀：umbili-, umbil-

【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to the navel, umbilical cord; a protuberance or swelling; related to umbo, the boss [a convex elevation or knob] of a shield

【同源单词】umbilectomy, umbilical, umbilicate, umbilication, umbilici, umbilicus

词根词缀：umbra-, umbro-, umbr-, umbel-

【来源及含义】Latin: shade, shadow

【相关词根词缀】Other related "dark; shadow, shade; black" units: lygo-; melan-; nigri-; nocti-; nycti-; scoto-; skio-.

【同源单词】abumbral, adumbral, adumbrant, adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrellar

词根词缀：unci-, unc-, uncin-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: hook, hooked, bent, curved

【同源单词】adunc, aduncate, unciform, unciform bone, Uncinaria, uncinaria

词根词缀：uncia-

【来源及含义】Latin: inch; ounce; a twelfth

【同源单词】inch, ounce, uncial

词根词缀：undu-, und-

【来源及含义】Latin > French: flow, wave, billow

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "more, plentiful, fullness, excessive, over flowing": copi-; exuber-; hyper-; multi-; opulen-; ple-; pleio-; plethor-; poly-; super-; total-; ultra-.

【同源单词】abound, abundance, abundancy, Abundans cautela non nocet, abundant, abundantly

词根词缀：ungu-

【来源及含义】Latin: nail, claw, hoof

【相关词根词缀】A cross reference, directly or indirectly, involving a word unit meaning "nail (finger, toe); claw": onych-.

【同源单词】ad unguem, dystrophia unguium, ex ungue leonem, exungulate, exungulation, grysosis unguium

词根词缀：unguent-, unction-

【来源及含义】Latin: ointment; anoint; smear

【同源单词】inunction, unction, unctuous, unguent, unguentarium, unguentary

词根词缀：uni-, un-

【来源及含义】Latin: one, single; a word element for number 1

【同源单词】disunion, disunionism, disunionist, disunite, disunited, disuniter

词根词缀：uran-, urano-

【来源及含义】Greek: heaven [s], vault of heaven; hence "the sky"; from Uranus, the god of the sky; in medicine, the palate, roof, or top of the mouth

【同源单词】transuranic, Urania, uranic, uranium, uranograph, uranographer

词根词缀：uranisc-, uranisco-

【来源及含义】Greek: roof of the mouth; literally, "little vault of heaven"

【同源单词】uranisconitis, uraniscoplasty, uraniscoraphy, uraniscorrhaphy, uraniscus

词根词缀：uretero-, ureter-

【来源及含义】Greek: urinary canal

【相关描述】Either of two tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder; the walls of each ureter have three layers—a fibrous outer layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner memberane and are supplied by blood vessels and nerves.

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; urethro-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】colpoureterocystotomy, colpoureterotom, cystoureterographic, electroureterography, pyeloureteroplasty, ureter

词根词缀：urethro-, urethr-

【来源及含义】Greek: urethra, a slitlike tube conveying urine from the internal urethral orifice of the bladder

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; vagino-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】aerourethroscope, aerourethroscopy, ankylurethria, cystourethrography, urethra, urethral

词根词缀：urg-, erg-

【来源及含义】Greek: work

【相关描述】This urg- is a transformation of those which are located in the erg- unit.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: argo-; ergasio-; ergo-; labor-; oper-; pono-.

【同源单词】anthropurgic, cheirurgeon, cheirurgery, cheirurgic, cheirurgical, cheirurgy

词根词缀：urge-, urg-

【来源及含义】Latin: to press hard, to push, to drive, to compel

【同源单词】urge, urgence, urgency, urgent, urgent care, urgently

词根词缀：uro-, ur-, ure-

【来源及含义】Greek: urine [water, rain, wet]

【相关描述】Don't confuse this uro- unit with another uro- unit meaning "tail".

【同源单词】uroacidimeter, urodynamic, urodynamics, urodynia, uroerythrin, urogenous

词根词缀：ursi-, urs-

【来源及含义】Latin: bear [the omnivorous animal, a.k.a. a carnivore]

【相关词根词缀】 Related "bear, bears (animals)" word units: arcto-; Berserk.

【同源单词】Orson, ursa, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, ursicide, Ursidae

词根词缀：us-, ut-

【来源及含义】Latin: use, employ, practice

【同源单词】Ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia, abuse, abuse, abuse, abusive, abusively

词根词缀：usur-

【来源及含义】Latin: loaning money at extremely high rates of interest; to use

【同源单词】usurer, usurious, usuriously, usuriousness, usury, usury laws

词根词缀：utero-, uter-

【来源及含义】Latin: womb; hollow, muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which the fertilized ovum, or egg, and the fetus, unborn baby, is nourished and grows until birth

【同源单词】ureterouterine, uteralgia, utercystostomy, uterectomy, utergenic, uteri

词根词缀：uveo-, uve-

【来源及含义】Latin: grapelike; the uvea, the [grapelike] surface of the iris of the eye

【相关词根词缀】 Related references to "eye" or "eye part" word families: blepharo-; core-; corneo-; eye, eyes; irido-; lenti-, lens-; lenticulo-; ocelli-; oculo-; op-, -optic; ophthalmo-; phaco-; pupillo-; retino-. Cross references of word families that are derived directly, or indirectly, from: "grape, grapes": acin-; racem-; staphyl-; uvul-.

【同源单词】anterior uveitis, granulomatous uveitis, phacoanaphylactic uveitis, phacogenic uveitis, phacotoxic uveitis, sympathetic uveitis

词根词缀：uvul-, uvulo-

【来源及含义】Latin: a pendent, fleshy mass of tissue hanging from the soft palate above the root of the tongue; mucous membrane

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are derived directly, or indirectly, from: "grape, grapes": acin-; racem-; staphyl-; uveo-.

【同源单词】bifid uvula, uvula

词根词缀：uxor-

【来源及含义】Latin: wife; spouse [female]

【同源单词】et uxor, Polygamia est plurium simul virorum uxorumve connubium, uxor, Uxor non est sui juris, Uxor sequitur domicilium viri, uxoravalence

词根词缀：vaccino-, vaccin-, vaccini-, vacci-, vacc-

【来源及含义】Latin: of, or pertaining to, a cow; a bovine

【相关词根词缀】Related "bovine; cow, ox, bull" word units: bou-; bovo-; ox-; tauro-.

【同源单词】antivaccinationist, autogenous vaccine, autovaccination, autovaccine, autovaccinotherapy, bovovaccination

词根词缀：vacilla-, vacillat-

【来源及含义】Latin: flow, wave, to sway back and forth

【同源单词】vacillancy, vacillant, vacillate, vacillating, vacillation, vacillator

词根词缀：vacu-

【来源及含义】Latin: from vacare, "to empty"

【相关词根词缀】Related "empty" word units: ceno-; void.

【同源单词】abevacuation, daycation, daycationer, evacuant, evacuate, evacuation

词根词缀：vad-, vas-

【来源及含义】Latin: to go, to walk

【同源单词】angioinvasive, evadable, evade, evader, evading, evasion

词根词缀：vaga-, vag-, vago-

【来源及含义】Latin: wander, move around; unsettled, wandering [nerve]

【同源单词】divagate, electrovagogram, extravagance, extravagant, gyrovague, nervus vagus

词根词缀：vagino-, vagin-

【来源及含义】Latin: originally, "sheath, scabbard, the husk of grain"; in medical science, the vagina or lowest part of the female genital tract, the canal that leads from the vulva to the uterus

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; ventricul-.

【同源单词】evaginate, vagina, vaginae, vaginal, vaginalectomy, vaginapexy

词根词缀：valg-

【来源及含义】Latin: bow-legged

【同源单词】coxa valga, cubitus valgus, genu valgum, hallux valgus, talipes valgus, tibia valga

词根词缀：vall-

【来源及含义】Latin: wall, rampart; row or line of stakes

【同源单词】circumvallate, circumvallation, contravallation, interval, obvallate, wall

词根词缀：valvulo-, valvul-

【来源及含义】Latin: a doorlike structure in a passageway that hinders or prevents the reflux or flowing back of its contents

【同源单词】bivalve, bivalved, bivalvular, cardiovalvulitis, equivalve, equivalvular

词根词缀：vandal-

【来源及含义】Latin: originally, wanderer; then destroyer; destroy, deface, harm

【同源单词】Vandal, vandal, Vandalic, vandalism, vandalist, vandalistic

词根词缀：vane-, vani-

【来源及含义】Latin: to vanish, to disappear, to fade, to become empty

【同源单词】evanescent, evanish, vain, vainglorious, vaingloriously, vaingloriousness

词根词缀：vapori-, vapor-, vapo-

【来源及含义】Latin: steam, mist, very small drops of water

【同源单词】anesthetic vaporizer, atmidometric, devaporation, evaporability, evaporable, evaporate

词根词缀：vari-

【来源及含义】Latin: different, diversity, change, changing

【相关描述】Believed by some etymologists to be from varus, "bent, knock-kneed; to bend, to turn, to twist".

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "another, other, different, alternating, varied, changing": ali-; allo-; alter-; allelo-; hetero-; mut-; poikilo-; reciproc-.

【同源单词】divaricate, electrically variable coil, electrophoretic variants, geomagnetic secular variation, geomagnetic variation, idiovariation

词根词缀：varic-, varico-; varix-

【来源及含义】Latin: twisted and swollen vein

【同源单词】varicoblepharon, varicocele, varicocelectomy, varicography, varicoid, varicomphalus

词根词缀：vas-, vaso-, vasi-

【来源及含义】Latin: vessel [blood, other fluids]; tube, duct

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving "blood" word units: angi-; apheresis; -emia; hemo-; hemoglobin-; phleb-; sangui-; vascul-.

【同源单词】active vasoconstriction, active vasodilatation, reflex vasodilatation, vas, vas deferens, vasa aberrantia hepatis

词根词缀：vascul-, vasculo-

【来源及含义】Latin: a vessel or vessels; including, tubes, ducts, or canals that convey and circulate fluids; such as, blood, lymph, or sap, through the bodies of animals or plants

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving "blood" word units: angi-; apheresis; -emia; hemo-; hemoglobin-; phleb-; sangui-; vas-.

【同源单词】algiovascular, avascular, avascular necrosis, avascularity, avascularization, cardiovascular

词根词缀：vast-, wast-

【来源及含义】Latin: waste, lay waste completely; from vastare, "to make empty, to lay waste", from vastus, "empty, waste, desert"

【同源单词】consumptive waste, continuous waste, devast, devastate, devastating, devastation

词根词缀：vati-

【来源及含义】from Latin vates, seer, prophet; sooth-sayer; prophesy, prophecy; which should not be confused with Vatican, "Pope's palace in Rome" or Vaticanism, "doctrine of papal supremacy and infallibility"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "divination, diviner; seer, soothsayer, prophecy, prophesy, prophet": augur-; auspic-; fa-, fate; Fates in action; futur-; -mancy; omen; -phemia; sorc-, sorcery.

【同源单词】vatic, vatical, vaticide, vaticinal, vaticinate, vaticination

词根词缀：veget-, vege-

【来源及含义】Latin: animating, enlivening; vigorous, vigor, active; to be alive, activity, to quicken; then a quickening action of growing; a specific sense of "plant cultivated for food, edible herb, or root" is first recorded in 1767; the differences between the meanings from its original links with "life, liveliness" was completed in the early twentieth century, when vegetable came to be used for an "inactive person".

【同源单词】emergent vegetation, lactovegetarian, ovolactovegetarian, ovovegetarian, vegan, veganism

词根词缀：veh-, vect-

【来源及含义】Latin: quantity having magnitude and direction; carrier, bearer, conveyer; from the stem of vehere, "to carry, to convey, to cart"

【同源单词】convection, convection oven, convective, convectively, convector, convex

词根词缀：vela-, vel-, veal-

【来源及含义】Latin: covering, velare, "to cover"; a veil

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "appear, visible, visual, manifest, show, see, reveal, look": blep-; delo-; demonstra-; opt-; -orama; pare-; phanero-; phant-; pheno-; scopo-; spec-; video-, visuo-.

【同源单词】reveal, revealability, revealable, revealableness, revealed, revealer

词根词缀：veloci-, veloc-, velo-

【来源及含义】Latin: fast, speed, swift, rapid

【同源单词】Estot velocior vita, velocimeter, velocipede, velocipedist, Velocisaurus, velocity

词根词缀：ven-, vent-, veni-, ventu-

【来源及含义】Latin: come, coming

【同源单词】Ab inconvenienti, advene, advenement, advenient, Advent, advent

词根词缀：venat-, vener-

【来源及含义】Latin: to hunt; hunting

【相关词根词缀】Here is an attempt to clarify the different "hunt, hunting" and the "love, fondness" terms: vener-, "love, sexual references"; Names for Groups or "Venery names"; Introduction to Venereal and Other Group Terms or "Venery names"; Venereal Terms or "names for a variety of groups".

【同源单词】venatic, venatical, venatically, venationes, venatious, venator

词根词缀：vend-

【来源及含义】Latin: to sell, to give [i.e. offer] for sale

【同源单词】vend, vendable, vendee, vender, vendible, vending

词根词缀：vener-, venari-

【来源及含义】Latin: love, loveliness, beauty, attractiveness, charm; by extension, "reverence; to worship, to venerate"

【相关词根词缀】Related "love, fondness" units: agape-; amat-; philo-; venus. Here is an attempt to clarify the different "hunt, hunting" and the "love, fondness" terms: venat-, "hunt, hunting"; Names for Groups or "Venery names"; Introduction to Venereal and Other Group Terms or "Venery names"; Venereal Terms or "names for a variety of groups".

【同源单词】venerable, venerate, veneration, venereal, venerealization, venerealize

词根词缀：veno-, ven-

【来源及含义】Latin: poison

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of another word family that is related directly, or indirectly, with: "poison": toxico-; viru-.

【同源单词】antivenin, antivenom, antivenomous, anvenom, avenom, countervenom

词根词缀：vent-

【来源及含义】Latin: air, wind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】accelerated idioventricular rhythm, anteroventral, assisted-controlled ventilation, controlled ventilation, deep-sea vent, exhausting ventilation

词根词缀：ventricul-, ventriculo-

【来源及含义】Latin: [little] belly; hence, "a small cavity; especially of the heart or brain"

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, indirectly, or partially with: "opening, hole, cavity, tract": alveolo-; antro-; anu-; celo-; coelio-; concho-; fenestra-; hernio-; hiat-; meato-; ora-; parieto-; poro-; pyl-, pyle-; pylor-; sphinctero-; splanchn-; stomato-; syringo-; uretero-; urethro-; vagino-.

【同源单词】accelerated idioventricular rhythm, atrioventricular, idioventricular, ulcus ventriculi perforans, ventricular, ventricular fold

词根词缀：ventro-, ventri-, ventr-

【来源及含义】Latin: stomach, belly or a relationship to the abdomen or the front or anterior aspect of the body

【同源单词】ventral, ventricle, ventricose, ventriduct, ventriduction, ventriloquism

词根词缀：verbo-, verb-, verbi-

【来源及含义】Latin: word, words

【相关词根词缀】 Related "word, words" units: etym-; legi-; lexico-; locu-; logo-; onomato-; -onym.

【同源单词】A verbis ad verbera, ad verbum, adverb, adverbial, adverbially, Ardentia verba

词根词缀：verdant, verd-

【来源及含义】Latin: the color green, yellow-green

【同源单词】verdancy, verdant, verdantique, verdigris, verdohemochrome, verdohemoglobin

词根词缀：vere-, veren-

【来源及含义】Latin: stand in awe of, to be awed at; wonder or admiration of; dread mixed with veneration or great respect

【同源单词】irreverence, irreverent, irreverential, irreverently, revere, reverend

词根词缀：veri-, ver-

【来源及含义】Latin: true, truth, real, truthfulness

【同源单词】artes, aver, averment, Bonitas, cinema verite, Decus et veritas

词根词缀：vermo-, verm-, vermi-

【来源及含义】Latin: worm, worms

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of other word family units that are related directly, or indirectly, with: "insects, bugs, worms; invertebrates": aphidi-; api-; ascari-; culci-; Dung Beetle Survival; Dung Beetles Important; Eating Worms; entomo-; formic-; Guinea worms; helmintho-; insecto-; Insects: Importance; isopter-; larvi-; lepidopter-; meliss-; mosquito; Mosquito, other Languages; Mosquitoes, Pt. 1; Mosquitoes, Pt. 2; myrmeco-; scarab; scoleco-; sphec-; taeni-; termit-.

【同源单词】Vermes, vermian, vermicelli, vermicidal, vermicular, vermiculate

词根词缀：vern-, vernal-

【来源及含义】Latin: spring, of the spring [season]

【同源单词】prevernal, vernal, vernal equinox, vernal grass, vernal pool, vernalagnia

词根词缀：vers-, vert-, -verse, -version, -version, -versation, -versal, -versary, -vert, vort-, vors-

【来源及含义】Latin: bend, turn

【相关词根词缀】 Inter-related cross references involving word units meaning "bend, curve, turn": diversi-; diverticul-; flect-, flex-; gyro-; meand-; -plex; streph-; stroph-; tors-; tropo-; verg-; volv-.

【同源单词】ad, adversaria, adversary, adversative, adversative, adversatively

词根词缀：vesico-, vesic-

【来源及含义】Latin: bladder; blister

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesiculo-.

【同源单词】abdominovesical, anovesical, bladder, blister, cervicovesical, crurovesical

词根词缀：vesiculo-, vesicul-, vesiculi-

【来源及含义】Latin: [small] blister; literally, "small bladder"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, partially or extensively, to: "blister, bump, swelling": bull-; ichor-; papulo-; pemphig-; puro-; pus-; pustu-; pyo-; suppurant-; tum-; vesico-.

【同源单词】bladder, prostatoseminalvesiculectomy, prostatovesiculectomy, prostatovesiculitis, vasovesiculectomy, vasovesiculitis

词根词缀：vespertilio-, vespertili-

【来源及含义】Latin: bat, bats (animals

【同源单词】pipistrel, vespertilian, Vespertilio, Vespertiliones, vespertilionid, Vespertilionidae

词根词缀：vespi-, vesp-

【来源及含义】Latin: wasp

【同源单词】vespiary, Vespidae, vespiform, vespine, vespoid

词根词缀：vesti-, vest-

【来源及含义】Latin: covering for the body, clothes

【同源单词】cryptovestiphilia, divest, divestible, divestitive, divestiture, divestment

词根词缀：vestig-, vestigi-

【来源及含义】Latin: footprint; track, tracking, to track, to trace

【同源单词】investigable, investigate, investigation, investigational, investigative, investigative journalism

词根词缀：vetebro-, vertebr-

【来源及含义】Latin: joint, especially of the spinal column

【相关描述】Directly related to the vers-, vert-, "bend, turn" family.

【同源单词】aquatic vertebrate, basilar vertebra, cervical vertebra, coccygeal vertebrae, costovertebral, craniospinal

词根词缀：veter-

【来源及含义】Latin vetus: old, aged, old age; many years, a long time; elder, elderly; senior

【相关词根词缀】 Related "old; old age, elder" units: gero-; obsolesc-; presbyo-; sen-.

【同源单词】inveteracy, inveterate, inveterately, inveterateness, inveteration, veteran

词根词缀：vexat-, vex-

【来源及含义】Latin: to annoy, irritate; to harass; an agitation; a shaking, a jolting; shock, jolt

【同源单词】unvexed, vex, vexari, vexata quaestio, vexation, vexatious

词根词缀：vexill-

【来源及含义】Latin: flag, flags; standards, banners

【相关词根词缀】Flags constitute an explicit self-analysis by nation-states; so, vexillology may justify a claim to being an important aspect of the understanding of global societies and their flags. Flag symbols reflect political realities as well as changes that often are as profound as nation-states themselves.

【同源单词】cybervexillology, Vexilla regis prodeunt, vexillarious, vexillarius, vexillary, vexillation

词根词缀：via-, -vey, -voy-

【来源及含义】Latin: way, road, path

【同源单词】bon voyage, convey, conveyable, conveyance, conveyancer, conveyer

词根词缀：vibro-, vibr-

【来源及含义】Latin: to quiver, to oscillate, to shake, to move; motion

【相关词根词缀】Related "move, motion" word units: cine-; kine-; mobil-; mot-, mov-; oscillo-; seismo-.

【同源单词】evibrate, revibrate, vibrancy, vibrant, vibrantly, vibraphone

词根词缀：vicar-

【来源及含义】Latin: substitute; change, alternation

【同源单词】vicar, vicar forane, vicar general, Vicar of Christ, vicarage, vicarate

词根词缀：vicini-, vicin-

【来源及含义】Latin: neighborhood, neighbor, near by, close; surrounding district

【相关描述】From vicinus, vicinitas "near, neighboring"; from vicus, "village, district, hamlet".

【同源单词】Deo, in the vicinity of, venue, vicinage, vicinal, vicinism

词根词缀：victim-

【来源及含义】Latin: victima, an animal or a human that is offered as a sacrifice to a god; perhaps a religiously consecrated creature

【同源单词】crime victim, victim, victim support, victimizable, victimization, victimize

词根词缀：vid-, video-, vis-, -vision, -visional, -visionally, visuo-, vu-

【来源及含义】Latin: videre, "to see"; plus words with other related meanings: to notice, noticing, noticed; observe, observing, observed; look, looking, looked; perceive, perceiving, perceived, perception; see, seeing, saw, seen, sight; view, viewing, viewed; manifest, manifesting, manifested; reveal, revealing, revealed, revelelation

【相关描述】Although many of the words in this unit seem to be from other Latin origins, all of them are etymologically derived from the main Latin videre, "to see" element.

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "appear, visible, visual, manifest, show, see, reveal, look": blep-; delo-; demonstra-; opt-; -orama; pare-; phanero-; phant-; pheno-; scopo-; spec-; vela-, veal-.

【同源单词】achromatic vision, advice, advisability, advisable, advisableness, advisably

词根词缀：vigi-, vig-

【来源及含义】Latin: watchful, wakeful, alert

【同源单词】electronic article surveillance, electronic surveillance, Estot vigilans, invigilate, invigilation, reveille

词根词缀：vigor-

【来源及含义】Latin: liveliness, activity; active strength; feeling strong

【同源单词】Arte, invigorant, invigorate, invigorating, invigoratingly, invigoration

词根词缀：vili-, vil-

【来源及含义】Latin: cheap, worthless, base, common; low status, low quality

【同源单词】revile, reviling, vile, vilificate, vilification, vilified

词根词缀：villi-, vill-

【来源及含义】Latin: tuft of hair, fleece; a villus, a small protrusion, especially arising from a mucous membrane

【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; cirro-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-.

【同源单词】villiferous, villiform, villikinin, villin, villose, villositis

词根词缀：vin-

【来源及含义】Latin: force

【同源单词】Ad vindictam tardus, Deo vindice, vindicate, vindication, vindication, vindicator

词根词缀：vino-, vin-, vini-

【来源及含义】Latin: wine

【同源单词】invinate, invination, vignettist, vinaceous, vine, vine

词根词缀：violat-, viol-

【来源及含义】Latin: force, injure, dishonor; forcible, vehement

【同源单词】inviolability, inviolable, inviolableness, inviolably, inviolacy, inviolate

词根词缀：vir-, viri-, virtu-

【来源及含义】Latin: man, manliness, manhood; masculine; husband

【相关词根词缀】Links to other units that include the topic of "man", "mankind":
andro-; anthropo-; homo-.

【同源单词】Ad virtutem per sapientiam, centumvir, cosmic electrodynamics, cosmotropical, decemvir, deivirile

词根词缀：virgo-, virg-, virgi-

【来源及含义】Latin: a marriageable girl, maiden; related to "a young shoot, a twig"

【相关词根词缀】 Related "woman, female" units: anilo-; fem-; gyno-; mulie-.

【同源单词】devirginate, devirgination, devirginator, disvirgin, indevirginate, virgin

词根词缀：virid-, vir-

【来源及含义】Latin: the color green

【同源单词】virescent, virid, virid, viridescence, viridescent, viridian

词根词缀：virtuo-

【来源及含义】Latin > Italian: a person skilled in one of the fine arts, especially in music

【同源单词】virsuoso, virtu, virtuosic, virtuosity

词根词缀：viru-, vir-

【来源及含义】Latin: poison

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of another word family that is related directly, or indirectly, with: "poison": toxico-; veno-.

【同源单词】adenovirus, alphavirus, arborvirus, arenite, avirulence, calicivirus

词根词缀：viscer-, viscero-, visceri-, visc-

【来源及含义】Latin: internal organs; all that is under the skin, all parts in the body except flesh or muscles; entrails; any large interior organ in any of the three great cavities of the body; specifically, those within the chest; such as, the heart or lungs; or in the abdomen; such as, the liver, pancreas, and intestines; and in the head; such as, the brain

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; incret-; inter-; intra-; splanchn-.

【同源单词】enviserate, eviscerate, evisceration, evisceroneurotomy, inviscerate, obstetric evisceration

词根词缀：visco-, visc-, viscos-, viscosi-

【来源及含义】Latin: sticky, stickiness

【相关描述】From Late Latin viscidus, from Latin viscum, "mistletoe".

【同源单词】viscid, viscidity, viscidium, viscidness, viscidosis, viscim

词根词缀：vita-, vito-, vit-

【来源及含义】Latin: life, living, pertaining to life, essential to life

【相关词根词缀】 Related life, live-word units: anima-; bio-; -cole; viva-.

【同源单词】ad vitam, aquavitae, arbor vitae, aut vitam aut culpam, avitaminosis, Calicem vitae dedisti mihi in mortem

词根词缀：vitello-, vitell-

【来源及含义】Latin: yolk, yolk of an egg

【同源单词】vitellarium, vitelligenous, vitellin, vitelline, vitelline membrane, vitellus

词根词缀：viti-

【来源及含义】Latin: vine, grapevines

【同源单词】Vitaceae, viticetum, viticulture, viticulture, viticulturer, viticulturist

词根词缀：viti-, vitu-, vic-

【来源及含义】Latin: vitium; a fault, a defect, a blemish; a corruption, a crime

【同源单词】vice, vicious, viciously, viciousness, vitiate, vitiation

词根词缀：vitreo-, vitre-, vitr-

【来源及含义】Latin: glass; glassy; like glass

【同源单词】devitrification, devitrify, exudative vitreoretinopathy, Fortuna vitrea est, in vitro, in vitro fertilization

词根词缀：vitric-, vitrico-

【来源及含义】Latin: stepfather

【同源单词】vitricophobia, vitricus

词根词缀：viva-, vivi-, vivo-, viv-

【来源及含义】Latin: life, alive

【相关词根词缀】 Related life, live-word units: anima-; bio-; -cole; vita-.

【同源单词】antivivisection, antivivisectionism, antivivisectionist, bon vivant, convivial, convivialist

词根词缀：vix-, vixi-

【来源及含义】Latin: barely, scarcely, with effort, with much difficulty

【同源单词】Amare et sapere vix deo conceditur, Vix distat summus ab imo, Vix ea nostra voco, Vix ulla lex fieri potest quae omnibus commoda sit, vixdum, vixigregarious

词根词缀：volan-, vola-, volat-

【来源及含义】Latin: to fly; flying; flies

【同源单词】Aliis volat propriis, devolatilization, devolatilize, transvolation, Volans, volant

词根词缀：volcan-, vulcan-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire, burn

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spodo- (ashes; waste).

【同源单词】cryptovolcanic, fluviovolcanic, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, pseudovolcanic, pseudovolcano, stratovolcano

词根词缀：volen-, volunt-, voli-, vol-

【来源及含义】Latin: will, free will, free choice; to wish; personal desire

【同源单词】Ad captandam benevolentiam, benevolence, benevolent, benevolently, benevolentness, Deo volente

词根词缀：vomit-, vom-

【来源及含义】Latin: to spew forth, to discharge

【同源单词】evomition, flammivomous, ignivomous, stercoraceous vomiting, vomit, vomition

词根词缀：vulg-

【来源及含义】Latin: common people, multitude, common

【相关描述】This may be one of the most contradictory words around because the term "common people" has a considerably different application in these modern times than it did in Roman times and down through the centuries of upper-class and royal societies.

For a long time, "common people" were crude, coarse, uneducated, etc.; while those who were in the "upper classes" were polite, educated (sometimes), and superior to the "riff-raff or disreputable, common, or undesirable people".

【同源单词】ad captandum vulgus, common, disclose, divulge, divulged, divulgement

词根词缀：vulner-

【来源及含义】Latin: wound, wounding, woundable; from vulnus, "wound"; by extension: hurt; injure, injury; tear, gash; damage

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "wound, harm, hurt, injure": noci-; nox-; traumat-.

【同源单词】electromagnetic vulnerability, invulnerability, invulnerable, invulnerableness, invulnerably, invulnerate

词根词缀：vulpi-, vulp-

【来源及含义】Latin: fox

【同源单词】Vulpecula, vulpecular, Vulpes, vulpicidal, vulpicide, vulpicidism

词根词缀：vuls-, vell-

【来源及含义】Latin: to pull, pulling; to tear, tearing, tearing away; to twitch, twitching

【同源单词】anticonvulsant, anticonvulsant, anticonvulsive, anticonvulsive, anticonvulsive, clonic convulsion

词根词缀：vultur-, voltur-

【来源及含义】Latin: the tearing (bird), to tear

【相关描述】Directly related to the vuls- or "pull, tear" family.

【同源单词】vultur, vulture, vulturine, vulturish, vulturous

词根词缀：vulvo-, vulv-

【来源及含义】Latin: womb, matrix; literally, "a covering, a wrapper"

【同源单词】vaginovulvar, vulva, vulvar, vulvectomy, vulvitis, vulvopathy

词根词缀：xanth-, xantho-, xan-

【来源及含义】Greek: the color yellow; blond

【同源单词】anthoxanthins, axanthopsia, cryptoxanthin, idioxanthic, lipoxanthine, ooxanthine

词根词缀：xer-, xero-, xir-

【来源及含义】Greek: dry

【相关词根词缀】Cross reference of another word family related to: "dry": arid-.

【同源单词】antixerosis, antixerotic, chronological succession, elixir, helioxerophile, helioxerophilous

词根词缀：xipho-, xiphi-, xiph-

【来源及含义】Greek: sword

【同源单词】xiphisternal, xiphisternum, xiphocostal, xiphodynia, xiphoid, xiphoid process

词根词缀：xylo-, xyl-

【来源及含义】Greek: wood; the first element of various scientific and technical words that refer to wood

【相关词根词缀】 Related "wood" word units: hylo-; ligni-.

【同源单词】aeroxyl, chiroxylography, chromoxylograph, chromoxylography, epixylous, geoxyl

词根词缀：xyro-, xyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: razor

【相关词根词缀】 Related "scrape, scratch; shave; razor" word families: rad-, ras-, raz-; xys-.

【同源单词】Xyrauchen, Xyrichthys psittacus, xyrid, Xyris, xyrophobia, xyrospasm

词根词缀：xys-

【来源及含义】Greek: scrape, scratch, shredded; polish; razor

【相关词根词缀】 Related "scrape, scratch; shave; razor" word families: rad-, ras-, raz-; xyro-.

【同源单词】xysma, xyst, xystarch, xyster, xysticus, xyston

词根词缀：yocto-

【来源及含义】Greek: from octo-, "eight"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto.

【同源单词】yoctogram, yoctowatt

词根词缀：yotta-

【来源及含义】Greek: from octo-, "eight"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】yottabit, yottabyte, yottagram, yottajoule, yottaliter, yottameter

词根词缀：zelo-, zel-; zeal-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: ardor, fervor; jealousy, jealous

【相关描述】Etymologically, jealousy and zeal came from the same source. Both originally came from Greek zelos. This passed into post-classical Latin as zelus, which later produced the adjective zelosus. Old French incorporated this as gelos or jelous and passed it on to English.

The Greek word denoted "jealousy" and "fervor, enthusiasm", and it is this strand of meaning that has come down to us as jealous. Jalousie was the French equivalent of jealousy. Most of the words that became distinctive terms for "jealousy" were originally used in a good sense of "zeal" and "emulation".

【相关词根词缀】Related religious-word units: church; dei-, div-; ecclesi-; fanati-; hiero-; idol-; -olatry; theo-.

【同源单词】jealous, jealous, jealously, jealousness, jealous-type paranoia, jealousy

词根词缀：zephyro-, zephyr-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: west wind [Old English zefferus from Latin zephyrus from Greek zephuros]

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-.

【同源单词】zephrean, zephyr, zephyr cloth, Zephyrosaurus, Zephyrus

词根词缀：zepto-

【来源及含义】Latin: septo-, seven; a decimal prefix [10^-21] used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; zetta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; yocto.

【同源单词】zeptomole, zeptosecond, zeptowatt

词根词缀：zetta-

【来源及含义】Latin: septo-, "seven"; a decimal prefix [10²¹] used in the international metric system for measurements

【相关词根词缀】 Related "metric" families: yotta; exa; peta; tera; giga; mega; kilo; hecto; deka; deci; centi; milli; micro; nano; pico; femto; atto; zepto; yocto.

【同源单词】zettajoule, zettaliter, zettameter

词根词缀：zomo-

【来源及含义】Greek: juice, soup, sauce, broth

【同源单词】zomotherapeutic, zomotherapeutics, zomotherapy

词根词缀：zono-, zon-, zoni-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: girdle, girded garment

【相关描述】An area with definable boundaries, especially an encircling area.

【同源单词】zona, zonaesthesic, zonal, zonality, zonar, Zonaria

词根词缀：zygo-, zyg-, -zygous; zygomatico-

【来源及含义】Greek: yoke, forming pairs; joined, union; or indicating a relationship to a junction; meaning a yoke or crossbar by which two draft animals; such as, oxen could be hitched to a plow or wagon

【同源单词】accessory hemiazygos vein, autozygous, azygoesophageal recess, azygoesophageal, azygogram, azygography

词根词缀：zygoma-

【来源及含义】Greek: bolt or bar

【同源单词】zygoma, zygomancy, zygomatic, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticofrontal, zygomaticomaxillary

词根词缀：zygomatico-

【来源及含义】Greek: the malar bone or the arch that the malar bone forms with the other bones to which it is connected

【相关描述】So named because it "yokes" the bones of the face together with those of the skull.

【同源单词】zygomaticofacial, zygomaticofrontal, zygomaticomaxillary, zygomatico-orbital, zygomaticosphenoid, zygomaticotemporal