趣词首页 公众号 小程序

词根:fil = children, son 子女, 儿子

  来源于拉丁语filius 意思是son, 同形异义词根:fil 这个词根的意思是“线”。


同源词:

1. affiliate [形成近乎和儿子一样的关系af<ad(=to,near)+fil(=son)]
  vt. sb + with + sth 使形成紧密关系;使…加入,使隶属于…
  vi. with + sth 发生联系,参加
  n. 分会,分公司;成员
  affiliation n. 联系;从属关系
  The state democratic party affiliated four local party groups last year. 民主党去年吸纳了四个地方党组织。

2. filial
  adj. 女的;子代的;孝顺的
  filial duty 作为子女的义务
  fIlial piety to parents 对父母的孝道
  the firs/second filial generation 杂交第一/二代

3. filicide
  n.杀害子女(者)*cid(=kill)

4. filiate [fil 子女,-i- 中缀,-ate 动词后缀]
  v.收为子女
  filiation n.父子关系 [见上,-tion名词后缀]

5. unfilial [un- 否定前缀,表示不,无,否 fil 子女, -al 形容词后缀 →形容子女们都不照顾自己亲生父母的词汇,即不孝的]
  adj.不孝的

词根:tain, ten, tin, tent = hold 握, 持, 守

  这四个词根非常重要,在这四个词根中,ten 是基本的形式,词根 -ten- 来源于拉丁动词 tenere 不定式词干,意为to hold保持,-tent- 来自该词的动名词词干,-tin- 是 -ten- 在某些前缀之后的音变形式,tin是元音弱化后的形式。而 -tain- 是 -ten- 的重读形式,是从法语借用到英语后的形式,它也是这些词根中构词能力最强的一个。另外,-tin- 也可以理解为:由词根 -tain- 脱落元音 a 而成,如:pertain 适合、continent 自制的、pertinency血肿。

1. abstain  [abs-=ab-离(from),tain握,持,守;“go hold(or keep) oneself from”] [抓住自己脱离某物abs<ab(=from) +tain(=hold)] 
  vi.from+sth 戒除;弃权;有意回避;戒,避免,避开
  abstention n. [见上,ten=tain,-tion名词后缀-->] 戒除
  abstinence n. [见上,ten=tain,-ence名词后缀-->] 节制,禁欲
  abstainer n.[见上,ten=tain,-er 名词后缀,表示人-->] 节制者;戒酒者
  abstinent adj. [见上,ten=tain,-ent 在些表示形容词后缀-->] 节制的,禁欲的 
  In this age of AIDS.it's wise to abstain from unprotected sex.(在这个艾滋病盛行的年代,最好避免无保护措施的性行为o)

2. attainment [在近处拥有at<ad(=to.near) + tain ( = hold)]
  n. 达到;获得;( pl.)学识,才能
  attain v. 达到;到达
  attainable adj.可达到的
  His attainment of a Pulitzer Prize gave him a sense of satisfaction.(获得普利策奖使他感到满足)

3. countenance [一起抓coun<com(= together) + ten ( = hotd) ]
  vt. 儿支持,赞间;鼓励
  n. 面容,脸色;支持.
  Our teacher does not countenance tardiness in the classroom.(我们老师不允许上课迟到)

4. malcontent [不能一起、全部拥有mal(= bad) + con<com ( - together) + ten ( = hold)]
  adj. 不平的,不满的;反抗的
  n. 不满者;反抗者
  Don'l take his comments seriously; he's just an old malcontent. (不要太在意他的批评,他只不过是个心怀不满的老人。)

5. pertain [抓牢 per ( = intensive) + tain ( = hold)]
  vi. to+sth 从属,附属;有关;适合,符合
  perlinent adj.有关的;适当的
  pertinence n. 恰当,适当
  pertinentiy adv.适当地
  He wrote a report on current copyright law as it pertains to email.(他写了一份有关当前版权法的报告,主要涉及与电子邮件相关的内容。)

6. pertinacious [抓牢的 per(=intensive,)+tin<ten(=hold)]
  adj. 顽固的,执拗的;坚持的
  pertinacity n. 抗拗,顽固;坚持
  Anti-abortionists are one of the most pertinacious interest groups in America. 反堕胎主义者是美国最顽固的利益集团之一。

7. retentive [拿在后边的re(=back.again)+ten(=hold)]
  adj. 保持的,有保持力的;记性好的
  retain v. 保持,保留;记住
  retention n. 保持,保留;记忆力
  retainer n. 保持者;仆人,家臣;(律师等的)聘用定金
  I used to have a retentive memory,but it's weakened with age.(我以前记忆力很好,可年龄越大,记性越差.)

8. sustain [sus-=sub-下,tain握,持;“在下面支持”]
  vt. 支撑,维持;遭受、蒙受(损失等);经历,承受;养育,扶养;【律】确认,认可
  sustenance n. 生计;食物;营养;维持
  During the lean years.egg sales alone sustained our farm.(年景不好时,我们只能靠卖鸡蛋来维持农场。)

9. tenable [ten持,握,守,保有,-able形容词后缀,可…的] [可维持的或保持的ten(=hold)]
  adj.(学术等)站得住脚的;(要塞、阵垃等)可抵抗住进攻的;(官职或职位)可保持的
  tenability n.站得住脚;可防守;可维持
  One tenable explanation is that your tiredness is caused by chronic fatigue syndrome.(一个合理解释是,你的疲劳是由慢性疲劳综合征引起的。)

10. container [见上,-er表示物]
  n.容器;集装箱(用于货物运输的大金属箱) *con<com(=together)
  contain v. [con-共同,tain握,持“to hold together,to hold within fixed limits”] 容纳,包含,内装

11. containment
  n. 遏制(政策);牵制  *con<com(=together, intensive)
  containment policy(遏制政策)
 
12. content
  n.(p|.)(具体的)内容;(pI.)(书籍等的)目录;含量;要旨 *con<com(=together)
  table of contents(目录)
  contents of a statement(声明的内容)
  moisture content of the gas(气体的湿度)
  Sugar content Of milk(牛奶的舍糖量)

13. continence
  n.自制;(特指性欲的)节制  *con<com(=together)
 
14. continental  [见上,-al形容词后缀,…的] 大陆的,大陆性的
  adj. 大陆的,大陆性的;(C~)欧洲大陆的 *con<com(=together)
  continental breakfast【(喝咖啡、吃面包的)欧洲大陆式早赛)
  Continental Congress(【史】大陆会议)
  continental drift(大陆漂移)
  continental shelf(【地】大陆架)

15. continual
  adj. 多次重复的,频繁的;连续的  *con<com(=together)
  continually adv.(频繁地:不间断地)
  continual interruption(不停的干扰)
  continual invitation(频繁的邀请)

16. continuance [见上,-ance 名词后缀]
  n. 继续,持续;持续的时间
  during the conrinuance of the war(战争期问)
  continuance of prosperity(繁荣的持续)
  continuation n. 继续,持续;续篇*con<com(=together) exciting continuation of the story(激动人心的故事续篇)
 
17. continuity  [见上,con<com(=together),-ity 名词后缀]
  n. 连续(性):电影分镜头剧本;广播节目的申词
  There is no continuity Of subject in a dictionary.(字典里各主题之间没有连续性。)

18. continuous
  adj. 连续的,不断的 *con<c}om(=together)
  continuously adv.(接连地,连续地)
  continuous performance(连续上演)
  continuous group(连续群)

19. detain
  v. 留住;拘留,扣留 *de(- down.away)
  detainee n. 被拘留者 *de(=down.away)
 
20. detention [de- 表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等 ten 握,持,守 -tion 名词后缀,-->守在那里不让他(她)离开-->]
  n. 留住;拘留,扣留
 

21. entertain [enter<inter(=between),tain,握,持,守,守在他(她)们之间--> 招待他(她)们-->]
  v. 招待,款待;使欢乐
  entertainer n. [见上,-er 表示人的后缀]
 
22. entertainment [见上,*enter<inter(=between) , -ment 名词后缀]
  n.招待,款待;娱乐;演艺 
  entertainment expenses (招待费)
  musical entertainment(音乐会)
  give entertainment to(招待、款待某人)

23. lieutenant [lieu(=place, left),ten 守,持,握,-ant 名词后缀表示人,--> 守在上级前面,辅助上级工作-->]
  n. 中尉,少尉;代理官员;副职官员,助理官员
  lieutenant colonel(陆军中校) 
  lieutenant governor(<芙)副州长)
  police lieutenant(警队的中尉,少尉)

24. maintain [main=man手,tain握,持;“to hold in the hand, to keep up,to uphold”]
  v.保持,保存,维持,坚持,供养
  maintainable adj. [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的] 可保持的,可维持的
  maintenance n. [见上,ten=tain,-ance名词后缀] 保持,维持,坚持 maintenance order((法院下达的)生活费支付令,供养令)  cost of maintenance(维修费)maintenance man(维修工)

25. obtain  [ob-加强意义,tain握,持;“to get hold of by effort” ,保有一定的权利是为了获取更大的利益,即取得 / 获得]
   v. 取得,得到,买到
   obtainable  adj. [见上,-able形容词后缀,可…的] 可获得的,可取得的,可买到的

26. retinue
  n.随员 *re(=again, back)

27. tenacious  [ten握,持,执,守,-acious形容词后缀,这个后缀是后缀-ous 的扩展形式,意思跟-ous完全一样,都表示:…的]
  adj. 紧握的,坚持的,固执的,顽强的
  tenacious of life 生命力顽强的
  tenacious memory 很强的记忆力
  tenacious foe 顽固的敌人

28. tenancy  [见上,-ancy表示行为,情况]
  n.租赁,租用,租佃

29. tenacity  [见上,-acity名词后缀,表示性质]
  n. 紧握,坚持,固执,顽强
  tenacity of purpose 意志的顽强

30. tenant [ten持,握→握有,占有,-ant者;“房屋、田地等的占有者”]
  n. 房客,(房间等的)承租人,租户,佃户
  evict tenants for non-payment of rent 赶走没有交房租的房客
  tenant right 承租人权利
  tenant farmer 佃农

31. tenement [见上,-ment 名词后缀]
  n.廉价公寓;【律】保有物

32. tenet
  n.主义;信条;教义,教理

33. tenor
  n.进程,(尤指生活的)一般趋向;(演说等的)要旨,主旨,大意
  even tenor Of one's life(平坦的人生历程)
  get the tenor of what was being said(理解所讲的大意)

34. tenure
  n.(官职等的)占有;任期;(大学教授等的)终身职位
  tenure Of the president(总统的任期)

35. untenable
  adj.防守不住的;(论据等)站不住脚的

36. sustenance  [见上,ten=tain,-ance名词后缀]
  n.支持,维持,供养,粮食,食物

37. continue  [con-共同,一起,tin退,持;“把前后各种事物保持在一起”→使连在一起,使相连]
  v.连续,继续,使连续,使继续

38. continued  [见上,-ed形容词后缀,…的]
  adj.连续的,继续的

39. continent [con-共同,一起,tin握,持,-ent表示物;“保持连在一起的陆地”]
  n. 大陆,陆地,大洲

词根:hier = holy

  词根hier 来自希腊语的hier 意为holy。同义词根有来自拉丁语的secr/sacr/sanct,pi和来自希腊语的hagi。

同源词:

1. hierarchy (神圣的治理 hier(=holy) + arch(=govern,rule))
  n.等级森严的组织;等级秩序;统治集团;僧侣统治(集团)
  hierarchic / hierarchical 等级森严的组织的;僧侣统治集团的
  Groups of dogs always form a strict hierarchy,led by the alpha male. 狗群通常在领头公狗的领导下形成严格的等级群体。

2. hieroglyph
  n.象形文字;似象形文字的符号 *glyph<graph(=write)

3. hieroglyphic
  adj.象形文字的;似象形文字写的 n.(pl.)难辩认的字 *glyph<graph(=write)

词根词缀:aello-

【来源及含义】Greek: stormy wind, whirlwind; from Greek mythology, Aëllo, a harpy; whose name literally means, "Stormswift"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】Aello, aelophile, aelophilous, aelophily, aeolation, aeolian deposit

词根词缀:aeolo-, aeol-

【来源及含义】Latin: air, wind; rapid, quick

【相关描述】The combining form aeolo- is used to denote musical-wind instruments; however, it also refers to "air" or "wind". This element comes from Aeolus; "the god of winds" in Greek and Latin mythology, with the literal Greek meaning of "rapid, quick".

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】aeolation, aeolian deposit, aeolian

词根词缀:aero-, aer-, aeri-

【来源及含义】Greek: air, mist, wind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】aerate, aerated, aeration, aerator, aerenchyma, aerial

词根词缀:anemo-, anem-

【来源及含义】Greek: air, wind

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】anemious, anemochord, anemochore, anemoclast, anemoclastic, anemocracy

词根词缀:ars-, ard-

【来源及含义】Latin: fire

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】ardency, ardent, Ardentia verba, ardently, ardentness, ardor

词根词缀:astrapo-, astrap-

【来源及含义】Greek: lightning; the Greek verb strapto means "to hurl"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "lightning and/or thunder": bronto-; cerauno-, kerauno-; fulgur-; tonitro-, tonitru-.

【同源单词】astraphobia, astraphobiac, astrapomancy, astrapomania, astrapomaniac, Astrapotherium magnum

词根词缀:atmo-, atm-

【来源及含义】Greek: vapor, steam; air, gas; respiration

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aeolo-; aero-; anemo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.

【同源单词】atmiatry, atmidometric, atmobios, atmocausis, atmocautery, atmoclast