英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

stylite (n.)[stylite 词源字典]: ascetic living on the top of a pillar, 1630s, from Ecclesiastical Greek stylites, from stylos "pillar," from PIE root *sta- "to stand, set down, make or be firm" (see stet).[stylite etymology, stylite origin, 英语词源]
stylize (v.): 1894 (implied in stylized), from style (n.) + -ize. Perhaps a translation of German stilisieren.
stylus (n.): 1728, "stem-like part of a flower pistil," alteration of Latin stilus "stake, stylus;" spelling influenced by Greek stylos "pillar." Meaning "instrument for writing" is from 1807.
stymie (v.): 1857, in golf, from stymie (n.) "condition in which an opponent's ball blocks the hole" (1834), perhaps from Scottish stymie "person who sees poorly," from stime "the least bit" (early 14c.), of uncertain origin. General sense of "block, hinder, thwart" is from 1902. Related: Stymied.
styptic (adj.): c. 1400, from Old French stiptique or directly from Latin stypticus "astringent," from Greek styptikos, from styphein "to constrict, draw together." As a noun, c. 1400, from Late Latin stypticum. Related: Styptical.
styrene (n.): colorless hydrocarbon, 1885, from Styrax, name of a genus of trees (the chemical is found in their resin), 1786, from Latin styrax, from Greek styrax, the tree name, of Semitic origin (compare Hebrew tsori "terebinth resin"). Form influenced by Greek styrax "shaft of a lance."
Styrofoam (n.): 1950, trademark name (Dow Chemical Co.), from -styr- (from polystyrene) + connective -o- + foam (n.).
Styx: late 14c., the Greek river of the Underworld, literally "the Hateful," cognate with Greek stygos "hatred," stygnos "gloomy," from stygein "to hate, abominate," from PIE *stug-, extended form of root *steu- (1) "to push, stick, knock, beat." Oaths sworn by it were supremely binding and even the gods feared to break them. The adjective is Stygian.
suasion (n.): late 14c., from Old French suasion (14c.) and directly from Latin suasionem (nominative suasio) "a recommending, advocacy, support," noun of action from past participle stem of suadere "to urge, incite, promote, advise, persuade," literally "recommend as good" (related to suavis "sweet"), from PIE *swad- "sweet, pleasant" (see sweet (adj.)). Survives chiefly in phrase moral suasion (1640s). Latin Suada was the goddess of persuasion.
suasive (adj.): c. 1600, from Middle French suasif, or else formed in English from Latin suasus (see suasion) + -ive. Related: Suasively; suasiveness.
suave (adj.): early 15c., "gracious, kindly, pleasant, delightful," from Latin suavis "agreeable, sweet, pleasant (to the senses), delightful," from PIE root *swad- "sweet, pleasant" (see sweet (adj.)). In reference to persons, sense of "smoothly agreeable" first recorded 1815 (implied in suavity). Related: Suavely.
suavity (n.): c. 1400, "pleasantness, delightfulness; kindness, gentleness," from Latin suavitatem (nominative suavitas) "sweetness, agreeableness," from suavis (see suave). Some later senses are from French suavité, from Old French soavite "gentleness, sweetness, softness," from the Latin word.
sub (n.): shortened form of substitute (n.), 1830; the verb in this sense is from 1853. Related: Subbed; subbing. From 1917 as short for submarine (n.).
sub judice: Latin, literally "under a judge," from ablative singular of iudex "judge," from iudicare (see judge (v.)). "Under judicial consideration," hence not yet decided.
sub rosa: "privately, secretly," Latin, literally "under the rose," which was regarded as a symbol of secrecy.
sub voce: Latin, literally "under the word or heading." A common dictionary reference, usually abbreviated s.v.
sub-: word-forming element meaning "under, beneath; behind; from under; resulting from further division," from Latin preposition sub "under, below, beneath, at the foot of," also "close to, up to, towards;" of time, "within, during;" figuratively "subject to, in the power of;" also "a little, somewhat" (as in sub-horridus "somewhat rough").

This is said to be from PIE *(s)up- (perhaps representing *ex-upo-), a variant form of the root *upo- "from below," hence "turning upward, upward, up, up from under, over, beyond" (cognates: Sanskrit upa "near, under, up to, on," Greek hypo "under," Gothic iup, Old Norse, Old English upp "up, upward," Hittite up-zi "rises"). The Latin word also was used as a prefix and in various combinations.

In Latin assimilated to following -c-, -f-, -g-, -p-, and often -r- and -m-. In Old French the prefix appears in the full Latin form only "in learned adoptions of old Latin compounds" [OED], and in popular use it was represented by sous-, sou-; as in French souvenir from Latin subvenire, souscrire (Old French souzescrire) from subscribere, etc.

The original meaning is now obscured in many words from Latin (suggest, suspect, subject, etc.). The prefix is active in Modern English, sometimes meaning "subordinate" (as in subcontractor); "inferior" (17c., as in subhuman); "smaller" (18c.); "a part or division of" (c. 1800, as in subcontinent).
sub-acute (adj.): also subacute, 1752, from sub- + acute.
sub-aqueous (adj.): also subaqueous, 1670s, from sub- + aqueous.
sub-arctic (adj.): 1834, from sub- + arctic.