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isocracy (n.)[isocracy 词源字典]: "equal power," 1650s, from Greek isokratia "equality of power," from isokrates "of equal power, possessing equal rights," from isos "equal" (see iso-) + -kratia "power, rule, authority" (see -cracy). Related: Isocratic.[isocracy etymology, isocracy origin, 英语词源]
isokinetic (adj.): 1958, from iso- + kinetic.
isolate (v.): by 1786, a new formation from isolated (q.v.).
The translation of this work is well performed, excepting that fault from which few translations are wholly exempt, and which is daily tending to corrupt our language, the adoption of French expressions. We have here evasion for escape, twice or more times repeated; brigands very frequently; we have the unnecessary and foolish word isolate; and, if we mistake not, paralize, which at least has crept in through a similar channel. Translators cannot be too careful on this point, as it is a temptation to which they are constantly exposed. ["The British Critic," April 1799]
As a noun from 1890, from earlier adjectival use (1819).
isolated (adj.): 1763, from French isolé "isolated" (17c.) + English -ated (see -ate (2)). The French word is from Italian isolato, from Latin insulatus "made into an island," from insula "island." The French word was used at first in English (isole, also isole'd, c. 1750), then after isolate became an English word, isolated became its past participle.
isolation (n.): 1800, noun of action from isolate, or else from French isolation, noun of action from isoler (see isolated).
isolationist: in reference to U.S. foreign policy, 1899 (earlier in reference to treatment of leprosy), from isolation + -ist. Isolationism is attested by 1922.
Isold: fem. proper name, French Isolt, Iseut, of Germanic origin, literally "ice-rule," from *is "ice" (see ice (n.)) + *waltan (see wield).
isomer (n.): 1866, back-formation from isomeric. Greek isomeres meant "sharing equality," from iso- (see iso-) + meros "part, share" (see merit (n.)).
isometric (adj.): 1838, literally "of the same measure," coined from Greek isos "equal" (see iso-) + metron "measure" (see meter (n.2)). Originally a method of using perspective in drawing; the physiological sense relating to muscular action is from 1891, from German isometrisch in this sense (1882).
isometrics (n.): 1962, American English, from isometric; also see -ics.
isometry (n.): 1941, from Greek isometria "equality of measure," from iso- (see iso-) + metria "a measuring" (see -metry).
isomorphic (adj.): 1862, from iso- + Greek morphe (see Morpheus).
isomorphism (n.): from German Isomorphismus, 1828, coined by German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794-1863) from isomorph; see isomorphic. Related: Isomorph.
isopod (n.): 1835, from French isopode, from Latin isopoda (neuter plural), from Greek iso- "equal, identical" (see iso-) + pod-, stem of pous "foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)).
isosceles (adj.): "having two equal sides," 1550s, from Late Latin isosceles, from Greek isoskeles "with equal sides," from isos "equal" (see iso-) + skelos "leg," from PIE *skel-es-, from root *(s)kel- (3) "crooked" (see scoliosis).
isostasy (n.): 1889, from iso- + Greek stasis "setting, weighing, standing" (see stasis). Related: Isostatic.
isotherm (n.): 1860, from French isotherme (Humboldt, 1817), from Greek iso- (see iso-) + therme "heat" (see thermal).
isothermal: 1826 (adj.); 1852 (n.), from French isotherme (see isotherm) + -al (1).
isotonic (adj.): 1828, from Greek isotonos "of level pitch; equally stretched," from iso- (see iso-) + tonos (see tenet).
isotope (n.): 1913, literally "having the same place," introduced by British chemist Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) on suggestion of Margaret Todd, from Greek isos "equal" (see iso-) + topos "place" (see topos); so called because despite the different atomic weights, the various forms of an element occupy the same place on the periodic table.