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antelope [antelope 词源字典]: antelope: [15] Antelope comes from medieval Greek antholops. In the Middle Ages it was applied to an outlandish but figmentary beast, in the words of the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘haunting the banks of the Euphrates, very savage, hard to catch, having long saw-like horns with which they cut in pieces and broke all “engines” and even cut down trees’. The term was subsequently used for a heraldic animal, but it was not until the early 17th century that it was applied, by the naturalist Edward Topsell, to the swift-running deerlike animal for which it is now used.
[antelope etymology, antelope origin, 英语词源]
cartel: cartel: see chart
chattel: chattel: see cattle
hostel: hostel: see hotel
hotel: hotel: [17] Ultimately, hotel and hospital are the same word, but they have diverged widely over the centuries. Both go back to medieval Latin hospitāle ‘place where guests are received, hospice’, but this developed in two different ways in Old French. One branch led with little change to English hospital, but a reduced form hostel also emerged (borrowed by English as hostel [13]).

Its modern French descendant is hôtel, from which English gets hotel (originally used in the sense ‘large residence’, as in the French hôtel de ville ‘town hall’, but since the 18th century increasingly restricted to its present-day sense). Other contributions made to English by Old French hostel are the derivatives hostelry [14] and ostler [13], originally (as hosteler) ‘someone who receives guests’ but since the 14th century used for someone who looks after horses at an inn.
=> hospital, host, hostel, hostelry, ostler
intellect: intellect: [14] Intellect and intelligent come from the same ultimate source: Latin intelligere ‘perceive, choose between’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix inter- ‘between’ and legere ‘gather, choose, read’ (source of English lecture, legible, etc). Its past participle intellectus came to be used as a noun meaning ‘perception, comprehension’, which English acquired as intellect via Old French; while its present participle intelligēns gave English intelligent [16].

The derivative intelligentsia [20] was borrowed from Russian intelligyentsia, which in turn came via Polish inteligiencja from Latin intelligentia ‘intelligence’.
=> intelligent, lecture, legible
lintel: lintel: [14] Lintel is the result of the blending of two Latin words: līmes ‘boundary’ (source of English limit) and līmen ‘threshold’ (source of English subliminal and possibly also of sublime). Līmen had a derived adjective, līmināris ‘of a threshold’. In the post-classical period, under the influence of līmes, this became altered to *līmitāris, which was used in Vulgar Latin as a noun meaning ‘threshold’. This passed into English via Old French lintier, later lintel.
=> limit, subliminal
philately: philately: [19] When a Monsieur Herpin, a French stamp-collector, was looking for an impressive and learned-sounding term for his hobby, he was hampered by the fact that the Greeks and Romans did not have postage stamps, and therefore there was no classical term for them. So he decided to go back a stage beyond stamps, to the days of franking with a post-mark. In France, such letters were stamped franc de port ‘carriage-free’, and the nearest he could get to this in Greek was atelés ‘free of charge’, a compound formed from a- ‘not’ and télos ‘payment’.

Using the Greek prefix phil- ‘loving, love of’ (as in philosophy and a wide range of other English words) he created philatélie, which made its first appearance in English in 1865.
satellite: satellite: [16] Satellite comes via French satellite from Latin satelles ‘attendant, escort’, which itself probably went back to Etruscan satnal. Its use for a ‘body orbiting a planet’ is first recorded in English in 1665, and comes from the astronomer Johannes Kepler’s application of Latin satelles to the moons of Jupiter.
tarantella: tarantella: [18] In the 15th century in southern Italy an epidemic of a curious nervous disorder broke out, one of whose symptoms was an uncontrollable compulsion to whirl and cavort around, as if dancing. The people attributed it to the bite of a spider, the tarantula [16], named after the local town and seaport of Taranto. In due course the dancing came to be rationalized as a method of counteracting the effects of the spider’s bite, and it was named tarantella, a diminutive form of Taranto. The word finally came to stand for a particular type of dance.
teleology: teleology: see talisman
television: television: [20] Television means etymologically ‘far vision’. Its first element, tele-, comes from Greek téle ‘far off’, a descendant of the same base as télos ‘end’ (source of English talisman and teleology). Other English compounds formed from it include telegraph [18], telegram [19], telepathy [19] (etymologically ‘far feeling’, coined by the psychologist Frederic Myers in 1882), telephone [19], telescope [17] (a word of Italian origin), and telex [20] (a blend of teleprinter and exchange). Television itself was coined in French, and was borrowed into English in 1907.

Of its abbreviations, telly dates from about 1940, TV from 1948.
=> talisman, teleology
tell: tell: [OE] Tell goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *taljan, a derivative of *talō ‘something told’ (from which English gets tale). This in turn was formed from the base *tal-, source also of English talk. Beside ‘narrative, discourse’ lies another strand of meaning, ‘counting, enumeration’ (pointing back to an original common denominator ‘put in order’), which survives in all told and the derivative teller ‘counter of votes’, and also in the related German zählen ‘count’.
=> tale, talk
absolutely (adv.): late 14c., "unconditionally, completely," from absolute (adj.) + -ly (2). From mid-15c. as "without reference to anything else, not relatively;" meaning "to the utmost degree" emerged by mid-16c. As a colloquial emphatic in American English, it is attested from 1892.
adequately (adv.): 1620s, from adequate + -ly (2); originally a term in logic in reference to correspondence of ideas and objects. Meaning "suitably" is recorded from 1680s.
affectionately (adv.): 1580s, from affectionate + -ly (2).
alternately (adv.): early 15c., from alternate (adj.) + -ly (2).
antelope (n.): early 15c., from Old French antelop, from Medieval Latin ant(h)alopus (11c.), from Greek antholops (attested in Eusebius of Antioch, c.336 C.E.), a fabulous animal haunting the banks of the Euphrates, very savage, hard to catch and having long saw-like horns capable of cutting down trees. Original sense and language unknown (it looks like Greek "flower-eye," as if from anthos + ops, but that may be a result of Greek folk etymology). A heraldic animal, also known in Medieval Latin as talopus and calopus, the name was applied c. 1600 to a living type of deer-like mammal. In the western U.S., it is used in reference to the pronghorn.
anti-intellectual: 1821 (adj.), from anti- + intellectual. As a noun meaning "an anti-intellectual person" from 1913.
anti-intellectualism (n.): 1904, from anti- + intellectualism; or in some cases from anti-intellectual + -ism.
approximately (adv.): 1742, from approximate (adj.) + -ly (2).
Aristotelian (adj.): also Aristotelean, c. 1600, of or pertaining to the person or teachings of Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.).
atelectasis (n.): "incomplete expansion of the lungs," 1836, medical Latin, from Greek ateles "imperfect, incomplete," literally "without an end," (from a-, privative prefix, + telos "completion") + ektosis "extention." Related: Atelectatic.
atelier (n.): 1840, from French atelier "workshop," from Old French astelier "(carpenter's) workshop, woodpile" (14c.), from astele "piece of wood, a shaving, splinter," probably from Late Latin hastella "a thin stick," diminutive of hasta "spear, shaft" (see yard (n.2)).
bagatelle (n.): 1630s, "a trifle," from French bagatelle "knick-knack, bauble, trinket" (16c.), from Italian bagatella "a trifle," diminutive of Latin baca "berry." As "a piece of light music," it is attested from 1827.
betel (n.): 1550s, probably via Portuguese betel, from Malayalam vettila, from veru ila "simple leaf."
Betelgeuse: bright star in the shoulder of Orion, 1515, from Arabic Ibt al Jauzah "the Armpit of the Central One." Intermediary forms include Bed Elgueze, Beit Algueze.
cartel (n.): 1550s, "a written challenge," from Middle French cartel (16c.), from Italian cartello "placard," diminutive of carta "card" (see card (n.1)). It came to mean "written agreement between challengers" (1690s) and then "a written agreement between challengers" (1889). Sense of "a commercial trust, an association of industrialists" comes 1902, via German Kartell, which is from French. The older U.S. term for that is trust (n.). The usual German name for them was Interessengemeinschaft, abbreviated IG.
castellan (n.): late 14c., from Old North French castelain (Modern French châtelaine; see chatelaine).
castellated (adj.): "furnished with turrets and battlements," 1670s, from Medieval Latin castellatus "built like a castle," past participle of castellare "to fortify as a castle," from Latin castellum "fort" (see castle (n.)). Related: Castellation.
chatelaine (n.): 1845, from French châtelaine "a female castellan; wife of a castellan; mistress of a castle or country house;" fem. of châtelain, from Old French chastelain "owner and lord of a castle, castellan, nobleman," from chastel (see chateau). In fashion, as a type of ornamental belt, from 1851; supposed to resemble a chain of keys.
chattel (n.): early 13c., chatel "property, goods," from Old French chatel "chattels, goods, wealth, possessions, property; profit; cattle," from Late Latin capitale "property" (see cattle, which is the Old North French form of the same word). Application to slaves (1640s) is a rhetorical figure of abolitionists, etc.
clientele (n.): 1560s, "body of professed adherents," from French clientèle (16c.), from Latin clientela "relationship between dependent and patron, body of clients," from clientem (nominative cliens; see client). Meaning "customers, those who regularly patronize a business or professional" is from 1857, perhaps a reborrowing from French (it was used in English in italics as a foreign word from 1836).
clitellum (n.): "raised band around an earthworm," 1816, Modern Latin, from Latin clitellae "a pack-saddle," diminutive of *clitra "litter," from PIE *klei-tro-, from root *klei- (see lean (v.)). Related: Clitellar.
completely (adv.): 1520s, from complete (adj.) + -ly (2).
constellation (n.): early 14c., from Old French constellacion "constellation, conjuncture (of planets)," from Late Latin constellationem (nominative constellatio) "set with stars," from constellatus, from Latin com- "with" (see com-) + past participle of stellare "to shine," from stella "star" (see star). Originally in astrology, of position of planets ("stars") in regard to one another on a given day, usually one's birth day, as a determination of one's character. "I folwed ay myn inclinacioun/By vertu of my constillacioun" (Chaucer, "Wife's Prologue," c. 1386). Modern astronomical sense is from 1550s.
counterintelligence (n.): also counter-intelligence, 1940, from counter- + intelligence.
dateline (n.): 1880, imaginary line down the Pacific Ocean on which the calendar day begins and ends, from date (n.1) + line (n.). Meaning "line of text that tells the date and place of origin of a newspaper, article, telegram, etc." is from 1888.
definitely (adv.): 1580s, from definite + -ly (2). As a colloquial emphatic word, attested by 1931.
delicately (adv.): mid-14c., "luxuriously," from delicate + -ly (2). Meaning "softly, gently" is early 15c.
distelfink (n.): Pennsylvania Dutch ornamental bird design, from German Distelfink "goldfinch," literally "thistle-finch," from Old High German distilvinko, from distil "thistle" (see thistle) + Old High German finco "finch," from PIE *(s)ping- "sparrow, finch" (see finch). The bird so called because it feeds on thistle seeds. Compare Old French chardonel "goldfinch," from chardon "thistle."
elaborately (adv.): 1630s, "with attention to exactness;" see elaborate (adj.) + -ly (2).
entelechy (n.): c. 1600, from Latinized form of Greek entelekheia "actuality," from en "in" (see en- (2)) + telei, dative of telos "perfection" (see tele-) + ekhein "to have" (see scheme (n.)). In Aristotle, "the condition in which a potentiality has become an actuality."
Estella: fem. proper name, Spanish, literally "star," from Latin stella (see star (n.)).
foretell (v.): "predict, prophesy," c. 1300, from fore- + tell (v.). Related: Foretold; foretelling.
fortunately (adv.): "by (good) fortune," 1540s, from fortunate + -ly (2).
fortune-teller (n.): also fortuneteller, 1580s, from fortune + teller. Verbal phrase tellen fortune is from early 15c.; verbal noun fortune-telling is by 1570s.
hostel (n.): early 13c., from Old French hostel "inn, lodgings, shelter" (11c., Modern French hôtel), from Medieval Latin hospitale "inn, large house" (see hospital). Obsolete after 16c., revived 1808, along with hostelry (Middle English hostelrie) by Sir Walter Scott. The sense in youth hostel is recorded by 1931.
hostelry (n.): late 14c. (as a surname from early 14c.), from Old French hostelerie "house, guest-house; kitchen; hospice, almshouse" (12c., Modern French hôtellerie), from hostel (see host). Lost, then revived 19c.
hotel (n.): 1640s, "public official residence," from French hôtel, Old French hostel "a lodging" (11c.), from Medieval Latin hospitale "inn" (see hostel). Modern sense of "an inn of the better sort" is first recorded 1765.