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explode [explode 词源字典]: explode: [16] The use of explode to mean ‘burst with destructive force’ is a comparatively recent, late 19th-century development. The Latin verb explōdere, from which it comes, signified something quite different – ‘drive off the stage with hisses and boos’ (it was a compound formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and plaudere ‘clap’, source of English applaud and plaudits).

From this developed the figurative sense ‘reject, disapprove’, which was how the word was used when it was first taken over into English: ‘Not that I wholly explode Astrology; I believe there is something in it’, Thomas Tryon, Miscellanea 1696 (the modern notion of ‘exploding a theory’ is descended from this usage). In the 17th century, however, the Latin verb’s original sense was reintroduced, and it survived into the 19th century: ‘In the playhouse when he doth wrong, no critic is so apt to hiss and explode him’, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones 1749.

Towards the end of the 17th century we find the first traces of a metaphorical use that combines the notion of ‘driving out, expelling’ with ‘loud noise’ (‘the effects of Lightning, exploded from the Clouds’, Robert Plot, Natural History of Staffordshire 1679), but it was not to be for more than a century that the meaning element ‘drive out’ was replaced by the ‘burst, shatter’ of present-day English explode (Dr Johnson makes no mention of it in his Dictionary 1755, for example) Today the notion of ‘bursting violently’ is primary, that of ‘loud noise’ probably secondary, although still present.
=> applause, plaudits[explode etymology, explode origin, 英语词源]
lodestone: lodestone: see load
lodge: lodge: [13] The distant ancestor of lodge was Germanic *laubja ‘shelter’, which may well have been a derivative of *laubam ‘leaf’ (source of English leaf) – the underlying idea being of a sheltered place formed by or constructed from leafy branches. German laube ‘summer-house, covered way’ comes from the same source. Medieval Latin took over the Germanic form as laubia or lobia (from which English gets lobby [16]), and passed it on via Old French loge to English in the form lodge.
=> leaf, lobby
melody: melody: [13] Greek mélos originally meant ‘limb’ (it is related to Cornish mal ‘joint’), but it was transferred metaphorically to a ‘limb or ‘part’ of a piece of music’, a ‘musical phrase’, and from there to ‘song’. It was combined with the element ōid- ‘singing’ (source of English ode) to form melōidíā ‘choral song’, which passed into English via late Latin melōdia and Old French melodie. The compound melodrama [19] is of French origin.
=> melodrama, ode
clod (n.): "lump of earth or clay," Old English clod- (in clodhamer "the fieldfare," a kind of thrush, literally "field-goer"), from Proto-Germanic *kludda-, from PIE *gleu- (see clay).

Synonymous with collateral clot until meaning differentiated 18c. Meaning "person" ("mere lump of earth") is from 1590s; that of "blockhead" is from c. 1600 (compare clodpate, clodpoll, etc.). It also was a verb in Middle English, meaning both "to coagulate, form into clods" and "to break up clods after plowing."
cloddish (adj.): 1844, from clod (n.) + -ish. Related: Clodishly; clodishness.
clodhopper (n.): 1690s, slang, "one who works on plowed land, a rustic," from clod (n.) + agent noun from hop (v.). Compare in a similar sense clod-breaker, clod-crusher; in this word perhaps a play on grasshopper. Sense extended by 1836 to the shoes worn by such workers.
diplodocus (n.): 1884, coined in Modern Latin in 1878 by U.S. paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899) from Greek diploos "double" (see diploid) + dokos "a beam." So called for the peculiar structure of the tail bones.
dislodge (v.): c. 1400, from Old French deslogier "to leave or cause to leave a lodging place; expel, drive away," from des- "do the opposite of" (see dis-) + logier (see lodge (v.)). Related: Dislodged; dislodging.
explode (v.): 1530s (transitive), "to reject with scorn," from Latin explodere "drive out or off by clapping, hiss off, hoot off," originally theatrical, "to drive an actor off the stage by making noise," hence "drive out, reject, destroy the repute of" (a sense surviving in an exploded theory), from ex- "out" (see ex-) + plaudere "to clap the hands, applaud," which is of uncertain origin. Athenian audiences were highly demonstrative. clapping and shouting approval, stamping, hissing, and hooting for disapproval. The Romans seem to have done likewise.
At the close of the performance of a comedy in the Roman theatre one of the actors dismissed the audience, with a request for their approbation, the expression being usually plaudite, vos plaudite, or vos valete et plaudite. [William Smith, "A First Latin Reading Book," 1890]
English used it to mean "drive out with violence and sudden noise" (1650s), later "cause to burst suddenly and noisily" (1794). Intransitive sense of "go off with a loud noise" is from 1790, American English; figurative sense of "to burst with destructive force" is by 1882; that of "burst into sudden activity" is from 1817; of population by 1959. Related: Exploded; exploding.
implode (v.): 1870 (implied in imploded), back-formation from implosion. Related: Imploding.
lode (n.): original Middle English spelling of load (n.), and custodian of most of the original meaning of "way, course, carrying." Differentiation in sense took place 16c. Mining sense of "vein of metal ore" is from c. 1600, from notion of miners "following" it through the rock.
loden (n.): "coarse woolen cloth," 1880, from German loden "thick woolen cloth."
lodestar (n.): late 14c. (late 13c. as a surname), an old name for the pole star (compare Old Norse leiðarstjarna) as the star that "leads the way" in navigation; from lode (n.) + star (n.). Figurative use from late 14c.
lodestone (n.): "magnetically polarized oxide of iron," 1510s, literally "way-stone," from lode + stone (n.). So called because it was used to make compass magnets to guide mariners. Figurative use from 1570s.
lodge (n.): mid-13c. in surnames and place names; late 13c. as "small building or hut," from Old French loge "arbor, covered walk; hut, cabin, grandstand at a tournament," from Frankish *laubja "shelter" (cognate with Old High German louba "porch, gallery," German Laube "bower, arbor"), from Proto-Germanic *laubja- "shelter," likely originally "shelter of foliage," or "roof made from bark," from root of leaf (n.).

"Hunter's cabin" sense is first recorded late 14c. Sense of "local branch of a society" is first recorded 1680s, from mid-14c. logge "workshop of masons." Also used of certain American Indian buildings, hence lodge-pole (1805). Feste of Logges (c. 1400) was a Middle English rendition of the Old Testament Jewish Feast of Tabernacles.
lodge (v.): c. 1200, loggen, "to encamp, set up camp;" c. 1300 "to put in a certain place," from Old French logier "lodge; find lodging for" (Modern French loger), from loge (see lodge (n.)). From late 14c. as "to dwell, live; to have temporary accomodations; to provide (someone) with sleeping quarters; to get lodgings." Sense of "to get a thing in the intended place, to make something stick" is from 1610s. Related: Lodged; lodging.
lodgement (n.): 1590s, from French logement (14c.) "accommodation, lodgings," from Old French logier (see lodge (v.)).
lodger (n.): early 14c., originally "tent-dweller," agent noun from lodge (v.). From c. 1200 as a surname. Meaning "one who lives in rented rooms" is from 1590s.
lodging (n.): early 14c., "encampment;" late 14c., "temporary accommodation; place of residence," verbal noun from lodge (v.). Related: Lodgings.
malodorous (adj.): 1832, from mal- "bad" + odorous. Related: Malodorously; malodorousness.
melodeon (n.): 1847, variant of melodion, from German Melopdoin, from Melodie, from Old French melodie (see melody).
melodic (adj.): 1818, from French mélodique, from Late Latin melodicus, from Greek melodikos, from melodia (see melody).
melodious (adj.): late 14c., from Old French melodios "melodious; delightful" (French mélodieux), from Medieval Latin melodiosus, from Latin melodia (see melody). Related: Melodiously; melodiousness.
melodise (v.): see melodize; also see -ize. Related: Melodised; melodising.
melodize: 1660s, from melody + -ize. Related: Melodized; melodizing.
melodrama (n.): 1784 (1782 as melo drame), "a stage-play in which songs were interspersed and music accompanied the action," from French mélodrame (18c.), from Greek melos "song" (see melody) + French drame "drama" (see drama). Meaning "a romantic and sensational dramatic piece with a happy ending" is from 1883, because this was often the form of the original melodramas. Also from French are Spanish melodrama, Italian melodramma, German melodram. Related: Melodramatize.
The melodramatist's task is to get his characters labelled good & wicked in his audience's minds, & to provide striking situations that shall provoke & relieve anxieties on behalf of poetic justice. [Fowler]
melodramatic (adj.): 1776; from foreign source of melodrama on model of dramatic. Related: Melodramatically.
melody (n.): late 13c., from Old French melodie "music, song, tune" (12c.), from Late Latin melodia, from Greek meloidia "a singing, a chanting, choral song, a tune for lyric poetry," from melos "song, part of song" (see melisma) + oide "song, ode" (see ode).
nickelodeon (n.): 1888, "motion picture theater," from nickel "five-cent coin" (the cost to view one) + -odeon, as in Melodeon (1840) "music hall," ultimately from Greek oideion "building for musical performances" (see odeon). Meaning "nickel jukebox" is first attested 1938.
philodendron (n.): 1837, from the Modern Latin genus name (1830), from Greek philodendron, neuter of philodendros "loving trees," from philo- "loving" (see philo-) + dendron "tree" (see dendro-). The plant so called because it clings to trees.
plod (v.): 1560s, of uncertain origin, perhaps imitative of the sound of walking heavily or slowly. Related: Plodded; plodding.
plodding (adj.): "diligent and dull," 1580s, present participle adjective from plod (v.).
Rolodex (n.): 1958, said to be from rolling + index.
troglodyte (n.): "cave-dweller," 1550s, from Middle French troglodyte and directly from Latin troglodytae (plural), from Greek troglodytes "cave-dweller, cave-man" (in reference to tribes identified as living in various places by ancient writers; by Herodotus on the African coast of the Red Sea), literally "one who creeps into holes," from trogle "hole, mouse-hole" (from trogein "to gnaw, nibble, munch;" see trout) + dyein "go in, dive in." Related: Troglodytic.
velodrome (n.): "building for bicycle races," 1892, from French vélodrome, from vélo, colloquial abbreviation of vélocipède (see velocipede) + -drome, as in hippodrome.
melodica: "A wind instrument with a small keyboard controlling a row of reeds, and a mouthpiece at one end", 1960s: from melody, on the pattern of harmonica.
petalody: "Transformation of parts of a flower, usually stamens or sepals, into petals or petal-like structures (as a teratological or evolutionary phenomenon)", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Maxwell Tylden Masters (1833–1907), botanist and journal editor. From ancient Greek πεταλώδης leaf-like + -y, apparently after petalodic.
collodion: "A syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, used for coating things, chiefly in surgery", Mid 19th century: from Greek kollōdēs 'glue-like', from kolla 'glue'.
haplodont: "Having the crowns of the molar teeth simple or single, and not divided into ridges, etc", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. From haplo- + -odont.
phelloderm: "The innermost layer of the periderm in some plants, composed of parenchymatous cells", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Alfred Bennett (1833–1902), botanist and publisher. From German Phelloderm, alteration of Phelloderma from ancient Greek ϕελλός cork + δέρμα skin.
phellodermal: "Of or relating to the phelloderm", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Frederic Bower (1855–1948), botanist.
allodynia: "Pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally cause pain", 1970s; earliest use found in Pain. From allo- + -odynia.