英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

allocate (v.)[allocate 词源字典]: 1630s, from verbal used of adjective allocate (mid-15c. in legal use), from Medieval Latin allocate (the common first word of writs authorizing payment), imperative plural of allocare "allocate," from Latin ad- "to" (see ad-) + locare "to place" (see locate). Related: Allocated; allocating.[allocate etymology, allocate origin, 英语词源]
collocate (v.): 1510s, from Latin collocatus, past participle of collocare "to arrange, place together, set in a place," from com- "together" (see com-) + locare "to place" (see locate). Meaning "conference, consultation" is mid-14c. Related: collocated; collocating.
dislocate (v.): c. 1600, from earlier adjective or past participle dislocate "out of joint" (c. 1400), from Medieval Latin dislocatus, past participle of dislocare "put out of place," from Latin dis- "away" (see dis-) + locare "to place" (see locate). Related: Dislocated; dislocating.
Fata Morgana (n.): 1818, literally "Fairy Morgana," mirage especially common in the Strait of Messina, Italy, from Morgana, the "Morgan le Fay" of Anglo-French poetry, sister of King Arthur, located in Calabria by Norman settlers. Morgan is Welsh, "sea-dweller." There is perhaps, too, here an influence of Arabic marjan, literally "pearl," also a fem. proper name, popularly the name of a sorceress.
locate (v.): 1650s, "to establish oneself in a place, settle," from Latin locatus, past participle of locare "to place, put, set, dispose, arrange," from locus "a place" (see locus). Sense of "mark the limits of a place" (especially a land grant) is attested from 1739 in American English; this developed to "establish (something) in a place" (1807) and "to find out the place of" (1882, American English). Related: Located; locating.
luxury (n.): c. 1300, "sexual intercourse;" mid-14c., "lasciviousness, sinful self-indulgence," from Old French luxurie "debauchery, dissoluteness, lust" (Modern French luxure), from Latin luxuria "excess, luxury, extravagance, profusion; delicacy" (source also of Spanish lujuria, Italian lussuria), from luxus "excess, extravagance, magnificence," probably a figurative use of luxus (adj.) "dislocated," which is related to luctari "wrestle, strain" (see reluctance).

Meaning "sensual pleasure" is late 14c. Lost its pejorative taint 17c. Meaning "habit of indulgence in what is choice or costly" is from 1630s; that of "sumptuous surroundings" is from 1704; that of "something enjoyable or comfortable beyond life's necessities" is from 1780. Used as an adjective from 1916.
main-mast (n.): "the tallest mast, usually located near the center of the ship," 16c., from main (adj.) + mast (n.1).
re-allocate (v.): also reallocate, by 1868, from re- + allocate. Related: Reallocated; reallocating.
relocate (v.): 1822, transitive, "to move (something, originally a road) to another place," from re- "back, again" + locate (v.). Intransitive sense of "settle again" is from 1841. Related: Relocated; relocating.
Scotland Yard (n.): used for "London Metropolitan Police," 1864, from the name of short street off Whitehall, London; where from 1829 to 1890 stood the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Force, hence, the force itself, especially the detective branch. After 1890, located in "New Scotland Yard."
toolbar (n.): 1960 as a frame fitted to a tractor to hold tools; from tool (n.) + bar (n.1). Computer sense is attested from 1991.
Among 100-odd new features in Excel 3.0 is a row of "buttons" on the screen called the Toolbar. Located under the pull-down menus, the Toolbar provides rapid access to frequently used commands. ["Popular Science," April 1991.]
traction (n.): early 15c., "a drawing or pulling" (originally the pulling of a dislocated limb to reposition it), from Medieval Latin tractionem (nominative tractio) "a drawing" (mid-13c.), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin trahere "to pull, draw" (see tract (n.1)). Sense of "rolling friction of a vehicle" first appears 1825. In modern medical care, "a sustained pull to a part of the body to hold fractured bones in position," 1885.
Wernicke's area: "A region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language, located in the cortex of the dominant temporal lobe. Damage in this area causes Wernicke’s aphasia, characterized by superficially fluent, grammatical speech but an inability to use or understand more than the most basic nouns and verbs", Late 19th century: named after Karl Wernicke (1848–1905), German neuropsychiatrist.
coelom: "The principal body cavity in most animals, located between the intestinal canal and the body wall", Late 19th century: from Greek koilōma 'cavity'.
cuneus: "A wedge-shaped lobule of the medial surface of the occipital lobe of the brain, located between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. From German Cuneus from classical Latin cuneus wedge.
Marsupialia: "With plural concord. An order of mammals comprising forms which lack a complete placenta and give birth to very immature young which complete their development while attached to the mother's mammae, typically located in a protective abdominal pouch", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Henry McMurtrie (1793–1865). From scientific Latin Marsupialia from post-classical Latin marsupialis + -a.
Broca's area: "A region of the brain concerned with the production of speech, located in the cortex of the dominant frontal lobe. Damage in this area causes Broca’s aphasia, characterized by hesitant and fragmented speech with little grammatical structure", Late 19th century: named after Paul Broca (1824–80), French surgeon.
metaphysis: "The (usually slightly flared or conical) part of a long bone located between the diaphysis and epiphysis", Early 20th cent.; earliest use found in William Dorland (1864–1956). From meta- + -physis.
paranasal: "Located beside the nose; specifically designating, relating to, or involving the sinuses situated beside the nose", Early 20th cent..
pterion: "The region of the side of the skull where the sutures between the sphenoid, parietal, frontal, and temporal bones are located, typically arranged in a pattern resembling the letter H", Late 19th cent. From French ptérion from ptère great wing of the sphenoid bone + -ion.
carbonium ion: "An organic cation in which the positive charge is located on a carbon atom", Early 20th century: carbonium from carbo- 'carbon', on the pattern of ammonium.
omosternum: "A bone forming part of the cranial end of the sternum in some vertebrates; specifically a short column of bone located between the episternum and the united precoracoids in certain amphibians", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in William K. Parker (1823–1890), comparative anatomist and zoologist. From omo- + sternum.
paracentral: "Located beside the centre or a central structure; specifically (a) Anatomy designating or relating to an area of the cerebral cortex located on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe beside the central fissure (especially in paracentral lobule); (b) Medicine designating or relating to the part of the retina beside the fovea; parafoveal", Late 19th cent. From para- + central, after scientific Latin paracentralis.
orofacial: "Relating to the mouth and face; located on or directed at the mouth and that part of the face adjacent to it", 1960s. From oro- + facial. Compare earlier orifacial.
tragal: "Of or relating to the tragus; located on the tragus", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. From tragus + -al.
chemiosmotic: " Biochemistry . Of, relating to, or involving a process in which ions are translocated across a membrane to produce an electrochemical gradient, or diffuse passively down such a gradient; specifically designating a theory (now generally accepted) that energy for biochemical processes is supplied by creation of a gradient of hydrogen ion (proton) concentration across a membrane; relating to or conforming to this theory", Late 19th cent. From chemiosmosis, originally after German chemosmotisch.
prest: "A payment or wages in advance; money paid on account to enable a person to proceed with an undertaking", Late Middle English. From Anglo-Norman and Middle French prest (French prêt) action of putting a thing at a person's disposal, action of lending, a thing lent, an advance of money, money allocated in advance to soldiers and non-commissioned officers for petty expenses, wages paid in advance, in Anglo-Norman also alms, a gift from prester.