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capsicum [capsicum 词源字典]: capsicum: see case
[capsicum etymology, capsicum origin, 英语词源]
capstan: capstan: [14] Capstan is a borrowing from Old Provençal. There the word was cabestan. Its earlier form capestran was a derivative of capestre ‘rope, noose’, which came from Latin capistrum ‘halter’. This in turn came from capere ‘take’, a prolific source of English words, and related to English heave.
=> capture, heave
capsule: capsule: see case
Bowman's capsule (n.): 1882, named for English surgeon William Bowman (1816-1892).
capsaicin: from capsicum, from which it is extracted + chemical suffixes.
Capsicum (n.): genus of pepper plants, 1660s, of unknown origin, a word said to have been chosen by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708); perhaps irregularly formed from Latin capsa "box" (see case (n.2)).
capsid (adj.): 1889 in biology, "pertaining to capsidae," a type of insect, from Latin capsa "box" (see case (n.2)).
capsize (v.): 1780 (transitive); 1792 (intransitive), a nautical word of obscure origin, perhaps (as Skeat suggests) from Spanish capuzar "to sink by the head," from cabo "head," from Latin caput (see capitulum). For sense, compare French chavirer "to capsize, upset," faire capot "capsize;" Provençal cap virar "to turn the head." Related: Capsized; capsizing.
capstan (n.): late 14c., from Old French cabestant, from Old Provençal cabestan, from capestre "pulley cord," from Latin capistrum "halter," from capere "to hold, take" (see capable).
capstone (n.): also cap-stone, topmost stone in a construction, 1680s, from cap + stone (n.). Earliest use is figurative.
capsule (n.): 1650s, from French capsule "a membranous sac" (16c.), from Latin capsula "small box or chest," diminutive of capsa "box, case, chest" (see case (n.2)). Medicinal sense is 1875; shortened form cap is from 1942. Sense in space capsule is first recorded 1954. As an adjective from 1938. Related: Capsular.
capsulize (v.): of news, etc., 1950, from capsule + -ize. Related: Capsulized; capsulizing.
encapsulate (v.): 1842 (implied in encapsulated), "enclose in a capsule," from en- (1) "make, put in" + capsule + -ate (2). Figurative use by 1939. Related: Encapsulating.
encapsulation (n.): 1859, "act of surrounding with a capsule," noun of action from encapsulate. Figurative use by 1934.