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cainozoic [cainozoic 词源字典]: cainozoic: see recent
[cainozoic etymology, cainozoic origin, 英语词源]
capercaillie: capercaillie: [16] The name of the capercaillie, a very large species of grouse, means literally ‘horse of the woods’ in Scots Gaelic. The Gaelic form of the word is capalcoille, a compound formed from capall ‘horse’ (probably borrowed from Latin caballus ‘horse’, source of English cavalier) and coille ‘woods’.
=> cavalier
cocaine: cocaine: [19] Cocaine is made from the dried leaves of the coca bush, a plant native to the Andes, and its name was formed (perhaps originally in French, as cocaïne) from the plant’s name. That was a local name, Quechua koka, probably from the Aymara language of Bolivia and Peru, and it reached Europe in the 16th century by way of Spanish coca.
caiman (n.): also cayman, 1570s, from Portuguese or Spanish caiman, from Carib acayouman "crocodile," or perhaps from a Congo African word applied to the reptiles in the new world by African slaves. "The name appears to be one of those like anaconda and bom, boma, which the Portuguese or Spaniards very early caught up in one part of the world, and naturalized in another." [OED]
Cain: elder son of Adam and Eve, from Hebrew Qayin, literally "created one," also "smith," from Semitic stem q-y-n "to form, to fashion." To raise Cain is first recorded 1840. Surnames McCain, McCann, etc., are a contraction of Irish Mac Cathan "son of Cathan," from Celtic cathan, literally "warrior," from cath "battle."
cairn (n.): 1530s, from Scottish carne, from Gaelic carn "heap of stones, rocky hill," akin to Gaulish karnon "horn," perhaps from PIE *ker-n- "highest part of the body, horn," thus "tip, peak" (see horn (n.)).
Cairo: city in Egypt, from Arabic al-Kahira "the strong," the name given 973 C.E. to the new city built north of the old one, Egyptian khere-ohe, said to mean "place of combat" and to be in reference to a battle between the gods Seth and Horus that took place here.
caisson (n.): 1704, from French caisson "ammunition wagon, box, crate," from Middle French caisson "large box" (16c.), from Italian cassone, augmentative form of cassa "a chest," from Latin capsa "a box" (see case (n.2)).
caitiff (adj.): c. 1300, "wicked, base, cowardly," from Old North French caitive "captive, miserable" (Old French chaitif, 12c., Modern French chétif "puny, sickly, poor, weak"), from Latin captivum (see captive, which was a later, scholarly borrowing of the same word). In most Romance languages, it has acquired a pejorative sense.
caitiff (n.): c. 1300, "wicked man, scoundrel," from Anglo-French caitif, noun use from Old North French caitive "captive, miserable" (see caitiff (adj.)). From mid-14c as "prisoner."
Caitlin: fem. proper name, alternative spelling of Kathleen, not much used in U.S. then suddenly popular from c. 1985.
Caius: variant of Gaius, common Roman praenomen. Both forms have the abbreviation C., and the confusion reflects the early Roman uncertainty about the use of gamma (see C).
cocaine (n.): 1874, from Modern Latin cocaine (1856), coined by Albert Niemann of Gottingen University from coca (from Quechua cuca) + chemical suffix -ine (2). A medical coinage, the drug was used 1870s as a local anaesthetic for eye surgery, etc. "It is interesting to note that although cocaine is pronounced as a disyllabic word it is trisyllabic in its formation." [Flood]
Medicaid: 1966, U.S. medical assistance program set up by Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. See medical + aid (n.).
Mordecai: masc. proper name, biblical cousin of Esther, from Hebrew Mordekhay, from Akkad. Marduk, chief god of the city of Babylon.
novocain (n.): also novocaine, 1905, originally a trademark name for procaine (by Lucius & Brüning, Hoechst am Main, Germany), from comb. form of Latin novus "new" (see new) + -caine, abstracted from cocaine. As a local anaesthetic, it began as a substitute for cocaine.
procaine (n.): 1918, from pro- + cocaine.
lidocaine: "Another term for lignocaine", 1940s: from (acetani)lid(e) + -caine (from cocaine).
lignocaine: "A synthetic compound used as a local anaesthetic, e.g. for dental surgery, and in treating abnormal heart rhythms", 1950s: from ligno- (Latin equivalent of xylo-, used in the earlier name xylocaine and reflecting chemical similarity to xylene) + -caine (from cocaine).
novocaine: "Another term for procaine", Early 20th century: from Latin novus 'new' + -caine (from cocaine).