英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

upbringing (n.): 1510s, "act of rearing a young person," from up (adv.) + bringing (see bring (v.)). Mainly in Scottish in 16c.; in general use from c. 1870, according to OED. A verb upbring (past participle upbrought) was in Middle English in a sense "raise, rear, bring up, nurture" (c. 1300), but in Middle English upbringing is attested only as "act of introducing" (c. 1400).
upchuck (v.): "to vomit," by 1960, American English slang, from up (adv.) + chuck (v.) "to throw."
upcoming (adj.): 1848, "rising;" 1949, "forthcoming," from up (adv.) + coming (see come (v.)). It was a noun in Middle English, meaning "action of ascending" (mid-14c.), also "attack, onslaught" (c. 1300).
update (v.): 1944, in reference to information, 1952 in reference to persons, from up (adv.) + date (v.1). Related: Updated; updating. The noun is attested from 1967.
updraft (n.): also updraught, "rising air current," 1909, from up (adj.) + draft (n.).
upend (v.): also up-end, "set on end," 1823, from up + end. Related: Upended; upending.
upfield (adv.): 1951, from up (adv.) + field (n.).
upfront (adj.): 1932, up front "in the front," from up + front (n.). Meaning "honest, open" is from 1970; that of "paid in advance" is from 1967.
upgather (v.): also up-gather, 1580s, from verbal phrase, from up (adv.) + gather (v.). Related: Upgathered; upgathering.
upgrade (n.): also up-grade, 1847, "upward slope," from up (adj.) + grade (n.). The meaning "upgraded version" is recorded from 1980.
upgrade (v.): "increase to a higher grade or rank," 1904 (transitive); 1950 (intransitive), from up (adv.) + grade (v.). Related: Upgraded; upgrading.
upheaval (n.): 1834 in reference to convulsions in society; 1836 in geology, from verb upheave (c. 1300, from up (adv.) + heave (v.)) + -al (2). Similarly formed verbs are Old Frisian upheva, Old High German ufhevan, German aufheben.
upheld: past participle of uphold (q.v.).
uphill (adj.): 1610s, from up + hill. As an adverb from c. 1600. Grose's "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue" (1785) has "Uphills, false dice that run high."
uphold (v.): c. 1200, "support, sustain," from up (adv.) + hold (v.). Similar formation in Old Frisian upholda, Middle Dutch ophouden, German aufhalten. Meaning "maintain in good condition or repair" is from 1570s. Related: Upheld; upholding.
upholster (v.): 1853, back-formation from upholsterer. Related: Upholstered; upholstering.
upholsterer (n.): "tradesman who finishes or repairs articles of furniture" (1610s), from upholdester (early 15c.; early 14c. as a surname), formed with diminutive (originally fem.) suffix -ster + obsolete Middle English noun upholder "dealer in small goods" (c. 1300), from upholden "to repair, uphold, keep from falling or sinking" (in this case, by stuffing); see uphold (v.).
upholstery (n.): "upholsterer's work, furniture covered with textile materials, interior fittings made from textiles," 1640s; see upholster + -y (4).
upkeep (n.): "maintenance; cost of maintenance," 1849, from up (adv.) + keep (v.).
upland (n.): "interior district of a country," Old English upland "the country" (as opposed to the town), from up- + land (n.). As an adjective from 14c. Related: Uplandish (Old English uplendisc "rural rustic"); uplander. Jock Upaland was a 16c.-17c. term for a rustic.