英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

renunciate (2)[renunciate 词源字典]: "To renounce, give up (something)", Mid 17th cent.; earliest use found in Thomas Blount (1618–1679), antiquary and lexicographer. From classical Latin renuntiāt-, past participial stem of renuntiāre renounce.[renunciate etymology, renunciate origin, 英语词源]
raff: "Worthless material; trash, rubbish, refuse. Also occasionally: miscellaneous material, odds and ends. Now Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern )", Late Middle English; earliest use found in Robert Mannyng (d. c1338), poet and historian. Apparently partly short for riff and raff one and all, everyone, everything, and partly (especially in later use) shortened from riff-raff. Compare raffle. However, the relationship between the senses of the word presents various uncertainties.
rolled-up: "Of a flexible object: moved or wound into a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape; turned in on itself; coiled, curled, or folded up", Late 17th cent.; earliest use found in Joseph Moxon (1627–1691), printer and globe maker. From rolled + up, after to roll up.
riff-raff: "Disreputable or undesirable people", Late 15th century (as riff and raff): from Old French rif et raf 'one and all, every bit', of Germanic origin. More rifle from Middle English:The Old French rifler meant both ‘to plunder’ and to ‘to scratch’. The plunder sense developed via ‘search for valuables’ into ‘to search thoroughly’ (mid 17th century). The word was then re-borrowed from French in the ‘scratch’ sense for the making of grooves in the barrel of a gun (mid 17th century). These rifled guns then became known as rifles (mid 18th century). Riff-raff (Middle English), formerly written as riff and raff, is probably also from rifler combined with raffler ‘to carry off’. The sense ‘disreputable person’ would have developed in much the same way as vulgar and hoi poloi.
rhagades: "With plural concord. Linear fissures, crevices, or scars of the skin, especially around the anus or mouth", Old English; earliest use found in Pseudo-Apuleius' Herbarium. Partly from classical Latin rhagades fissures, cracks from ancient Greek ῥαγάδες, plural of ῥαγάς fissure (of soil), in Hellenistic Greek also crack or chap (of the skin) from ῥαγ-, aorist stem of ῥηγνύναι to break, burst + -άς; and partly from classical Latin rhagadia (also ragadia) (neuter plural; compare also post-classical Latin rhagadiae, ragadiae, feminine plural (636 in Isidore; 1250 in a British source)), in same sense from the plural of an unattested Greek form *ῥαγάδιον from ancient Greek ῥαγαδ-, ῥαγάς + -ιον, diminutive suffix.
rhabdoid: "Resembling a rod; rod-shaped, rodlike; ( Zoology ) of or relating to rod-like structures secreted by turbellarian flatworms", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Robert Mayne (1808–1868). From post-classical Latin rabdoides from Hellenistic Greek ῥαβδοειδής striped from ancient Greek ῥάβδος rod + -οειδής.
reciprocal inhibition: " Physiology inhibition of a physiological activity, especially the contraction of a muscle, by the action of an antagonist; compare reciprocal innervation", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Mind.
relume: "Relight or rekindle (a light, flame, etc.)", Early 17th century: from re- 'again' + illume, partly suggested by French rallumer.
reclination: "The action or practice of reclining; the posture or position of a reclining person or thing", Mid 16th cent.; earliest use found in Thomas Hill (b. c1528). From post-classical Latin reclination-, reclinatio return (Vetus Latina), rest, repose, action of leaning back from classical Latin reclīnāt-, past participial stem of reclīnāre + -iō.
rearguard: "The soldiers at the rear of a body of troops, especially those protecting a retreating army", Late Middle English (denoting the rear part of an army): from Old French rereguarde.
rhinoscope: "Any of various instruments for examining the nasal cavities and nasopharynx", Mid 19th cent. From rhino- + -scope, after rhinoscopy.
rhinolaryngology: "A branch of medicine or surgery that deals with conditions affecting the nose and larynx", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in The Lancet. From rhino- + laryngology, after German Rhinolaryngologie.
rhonchal: " Medicine . Of, relating to, or associated with rhonchi", Mid 19th cent. From rhonchus + -al.
ranid: "A frog of the large family Ranidae, which comprises typical frogs with long hind legs that are used for both leaping and swimming", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. From scientific Latin Rana, genus name ( Linnaeus Systema Naturae (ed. 10, 1758) I. 210; from classical Latin rāna frog, perhaps of imitative origin) + -id, after scientific Latin Ranidae, family name.
reannex: "To annex again", Late 15th cent. From re- + annex, perhaps after Middle French reannexer.
rhematic: " Logic . In the work of American philosopher C. S. Peirce (1839-1914): having the nature of a rheme; expressing a particular concept or idea. rare", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), poet, critic, and philosopher. From Hellenistic Greek ῥηματικός from ancient Greek ῥηματ-, ῥῆμα word, verb + -ικός.
rhytidectomy: "Plastic surgery for the removal of lines or wrinkles from the skin, especially of the face; an instance of this, a facelift", 1930s; earliest use found in Richard John Ernst Scott (1863–1932). From ancient Greek ῥυτιδ-, ῥυτίς wrinkle + -ectomy.
rheme: "The part of a clause that gives information about the theme", Late 19th century: from Greek rhēma 'that which is said'.
revealability: "The fact or quality of being revealable, especially by divine or supernatural means", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Biblical Repertory. From revealable + -ity: see -bility.
ramie: "A vegetable fibre noted for its length and toughness", Mid 19th century: from Malay rami.