英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

cystic (adj.)[cystic 词源字典]: 1630s, "pertaining to the gall bladder," from French cystique (16c.), from Modern Latin cysticus, from Greek kystis "bladder, pouch." Meaning "pertaining to a cyst" is from 1713. Cystic fibrosis coined in 1938.[cystic etymology, cystic origin, 英语词源]
cystitis (n.): c. 1780, from cyst + -itis "inflammation."
cystocele (n.): 1811, from French cystocèle, from Greek kystis "bladder, pouch" + kele "tumor."
cystoscopy (n.): 1910, from Greek kystis "bladder, pouch" + -oscopy (see -scope).
cyto-: before a vowel, cyt-, word-forming element, from Latinized form of Greek kytos "a hollow, receptacle, basket" (from PIE *ku-ti-, from root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal;" see hide (n.1)); used in modern science since c. 1859 for "cell," perhaps especially from the sense (in Aristophanes) of "a cell of a hive of wasps or bees."
cytology (n.): 1857, from cyto- + -logy. Related: Cytologist (1884).
cytoplasm (n.): 1874, from cyto- + -plasm.
cytosine (n.): 1894, from German cytosin (1894), from cyto- "cell" + -ose + chemical suffix -ine (2). "The name cytosine (due to Kossel and Neumann) is misleading. Cytosine is not, like adenosine and guanosine, a nucleoside but the sugar-free base." [Flood]
cytotoxic (adj.): 1902, from cyto- + toxic. Related: Cytotoxicity.
czar (n.): 1550s, from Russian tsar, from Old Slavic tsesari, from Gothic kaisar, from Greek kaisar, from Latin Caesar. First adopted by Russian emperor Ivan IV, 1547.
The spelling with cz- is against the usage of all Slavonic languages; the word was so spelt by Herberstein, Rerum Moscovit. Commentarii, 1549, the chief early source of knowledge as to Russia in Western Europe, whence it passed into the Western Languages generally; in some of these it is now old-fashioned; the usual Ger. form is now zar; French adopted tsar during the 19th c. This also became frequent in English towards the end of that century, having been adopted by the Times newspaper as the most suitable English spelling. [OED]
The Germanic form of the word also is the source of Finnish keisari, Estonian keisar. The transferred sense of "person with dictatorial powers" is first recorded 1866, American English, initially in reference to President Andrew Johnson. The fem. czarina is 1717, from Italian czarina, from Ger. Zarin, fem. of Zar "czar." The Russian fem. form is tsaritsa. His son is tsarevitch, his daughter is tsarevna.
Czech: said to be from the name of an ancestral chief, but perhaps from a source akin to Czech četa "army."
Czechoslovakia (n.): Central European nation from 1919-1992, from Czecho-, Latinized comb. form of Czech + Slovakia (see Slovak).
chichi (2): "A woman’s breast", Late 20th century: military slang, of Japanese origin.
chichi (1): "Attempting stylish elegance but achieving only an over-elaborate pretentiousness", Early 20th century (in the sense 'showiness or pretentious object'): from French, of imitative origin.
chrysolite: "A yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine, used as a gemstone", Late Middle English: from Old French crisolite, from medieval Latin crisolitus, from Latin chrysolithus, based on Greek khrusos 'gold' + lithos 'stone'.
coracoid: "A short projection from the shoulder blade in mammals, to which part of the biceps is attached", Mid 18th century: from modern Latin coracoides, from Greek korakoeidēs 'raven-like', from korax 'raven' (because of the resemblance to a raven's beak).
crispate: "(Especially of a leaf) having a wavy or curly edge", Mid 19th century: from Latin crispatus, past participle of crispare 'to curl'.
cricoid: "The ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx", Mid 18th century: from modern Latin cricoides 'ring-shaped', from Greek krikoeidēs, from krikos 'ring'.
coup d'œil: "A glance that takes in a comprehensive view", French, literally 'stroke of eye'.
cri de cœur: "A passionate appeal, complaint, or protest", French, 'cry from the heart'.