英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

cola (n.)[cola 词源字典]: 1795, genus of trees native to west Africa and introduced in New World tropics, Latinized form of a West African name of the tree (compare Temne kola, Mandingo kolo). Meaning "carbonated soft drink" is 1920, short for Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola.[cola etymology, cola origin, 英语词源]
colander (n.): mid-14c., coloundour, probably altered from Medieval Latin colatorium "strainer" (with parasitic -n-) from Latin colatus, past participle of colare "to strain," from colum "sieve, strainer, wicker fishing net," which is of uncertain origin. Cognate with French couloir, Spanish colador, Italian colatojo.
cold (adj.): Old English cald (Anglian), ceald (West Saxon) "cold, cool" (adj.), "coldness," from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz (cognates: Old Frisian and Old Saxon kald, Old High German and German kalt, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic kalds "cold"), possibly a past participle adjective of *kal-/*kol-, from PIE root *gel-/*gol- "cold" (cognates: Latin gelare "to freeze," gelu "frost," glacies "ice").

Meaning "not strong" (in reference to scent) is 1590s, from hunting. Cold front in weather is from 1921. Cold-call in the sales pitch sense first recorded 1972. Japanese has two words for "cold:" samui for coldness in the atmosphere or environment; tsumetai for things which are cold to touch, and also in the figurative sense, with reference to personalities, behaviors, etc.
cold (n.): c. 1300, "coldness," from cold (adj.). Sense in common cold is 1530s, from symptoms resembling those of exposure to cold; compare earlier senses "indisposition caused by exposure to cold" (early 14c.); "discomfort caused by cold" (c. 1300).
cold feet (n.): 1893, American English; the presumed Italian original (avegh minga frecc i pee) is a Lombard proverb meaning "to have no money," but some of the earliest English usages refer to gamblers, so a connection is possible.
cold shoulder (n.): 1816, in the figurative sense of "icy reception," first in Sir Walter Scott, probably originally a literal figure, but commonly used with a punning reference to "cold shoulder of mutton," considered a poor man's dish and thus, perhaps, something one would set out for an unwanted guest with deliberate intention to convey displeasure.
How often have we admired the poor knight, who, to avoid the snares of bribery and dependence, was found making a second dinner from a cold shoulder of mutton, above the most affluent courtier, who had sold himself to others for a splendid pension! ["No Fiction," 1820]
cold turkey: "without preparation," 1910; narrower sense of "withdrawal from an addictive substance" (originally heroin) first recorded 1921. Cold turkey is a food that requires little preparation, so "to quit like cold turkey" is to do so suddenly and without preparation. Compare cold shoulder.
cold war (n.): used in print October 1945 by George Orwell; popularized in U.S. c. 1947 by Bernard Baruch.
More than any other time in history, mankind faces a crossroads. One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness. The other, to total extinction. Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly. [Woody Allen, "My Speech to the Graduates," 1979]
cold-blooded (adj.): also cold blooded; 1590s, of persons, "without emotion, unfeeling;" of actions, from 1828. The phrase refers to the old notion that blood temperature rose with excitement. In the literal sense, of reptiles, etc., from c. 1600. From cold (adj.) + blood (n.). Related: Cold-bloodedly; cold-bloodedness.
cold-hearted (adj.): c. 1600, from cold (adj.) + hearted. Originally in Shakespeare. Old English had cealdheort (adj.) "cruel."
cole (n.): "cabbage," late Old English cawel, perhaps via Old Norse kal, from Latin caulis "stem, stalk," which in Vulgar Latin replaced brassica as the usual word for "cabbage" (source also of Italian cavolo, Spanish col, Old French chol, French chou; also borrowed elsewhere in Germanic, for example Swedish kal, Danish kaal, German kohl, Dutch kool).
colectomy (n.): 1882, from colon (n.2) + -ectomy.
coleoptera (n.): 1763, from Modern Latin, from Greek koleopteros, literally "sheath-wing," used by Aristotle to describe beetles, from koleos "sheath" (see cell) + pteron "wing" (see pterodactyl). Related: Coleopterous.
coleslaw (n.): also cole-slaw, cole slaw, 1794, American English, partial translation of Dutch koolsla, from kool "cabbage" (see cole) + sla "salad" (see slaw). Commonly cold slaw in English until 1860s, when Middle English cole "cabbage" was revived.
colic (n.): "disease characterized by severe abdominal pain," early 15c., from Late Latin colicus "pertaining to colic," from Greek kolikos, belonging to the kolon "lower intestine" (see colon (n.2)). The word was used in English late 14c. as an adjective, "affecting the colon." Related: Colicky (1742).
coliform (adj.): 1850s, "resembling a sieve," from Latin colum "strainer;" meaning "resembling a bacillus of the coli group" is from 1906, from coli + form.
Colin: masc. proper name, from French Colin, a diminutive of Col, itself a diminutive of Nicolas. A common shepherd's name in pastoral verse.
coliseum (n.): "music hall," c. 1710, Modern Latin variant of Latin colosseum, amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome (see Colosseum).
colitis (n.): 1860, from comb. form of colon (n.2) + -itis "inflammation."
collaborate (v.): 1871, back-formation from collaborator. Given a bad sense in World War II. Related: Collaborated; collaborating.