toll
英 [təʊl]
美 [tol]
- n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数
- vt. 征收；敲钟
- vi. 鸣钟；征税
CET4 TEM4 IELTS GRE 考 研
1、词根tel-为什么会由end, result, final引申出tax这一层含义？其实很简单，咱们汉语里表示与税费有关的词有：结算、结账，它们都与结(end)有关；同类情况的还有：fin- => finance.
2、tel- "tax" => toll.
toll 费用，道路通行费，长途电话费，伤亡人数来自古英语 toll,费用，税费，关税，来自 Proto-Germanic*tullo,计算数，告知，来自 PIE*dol, 计算，思考，词源同 tell,tall.引申诸相关词义。
- toll
- toll: Toll ‘charge, payment’ [OE] and toll ‘ring a bell’ [15] are distinct words. The former was borrowed into Old English from medieval Latin tolōneum ‘place where tolls are collected’, an alteration of late Latin telōneum. This in turn was borrowed from Greek telónion, a derivative of télos ‘tax’. The ancestry of toll ‘ring a bell’ is more conjectural. It may be the same word as the long-obsolete toll ‘pull’, which went back to an Old English *tollian.
- toll (n.)
- "tax, fee," Old English toll "impost, tribute, passage-money, rent," variant of toln, cognate with Old Norse tollr, Old Frisian tolen, Old High German zol, German Zoll, probably representing an early Germanic borrowing from Late Latin tolonium "custom house," from Latin telonium "tollhouse," from Greek teloneion "tollhouse," from telones "tax-collector," from telos "tax" (see tele-; for sense, compare finance). On the other theory it is native Germanic and related to tell (v.) on the notion of "that which is counted." Originally in a general sense of "payment exacted by an authority;" meaning "charge for right of passage along a road" is from late 15c.
- toll (v.)
- "to sound with slow single strokes" (intransitive), mid-15c., probably a special use of tollen "to draw, lure," early 13c. variant of Old English -tyllan in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away, seduce," of obscure origin. The notion is perhaps of "luring" people to church with the sound of the bells, or of "drawing" on the bell rope. Transitive sense from late 15c. Related: Tolled; tolling. The noun meaning "a stroke of a bell" is from mid-15c.
- 1. The daily toll of casualties has dropped off sharply.
- 每日伤亡人数已经大大减少。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. This has taken a great toll on me personally and professionally.
- 这给我的个人生活和我的工作都造成了严重的不良影响。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. There are fears that the casualty toll may be higher.
- 有人担心伤亡总数可能会更高。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. Winter takes its toll on your health.
- 冬天对健康不利。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. Higher fuel prices took their toll.
- 燃料提价产生了恶果。
来自柯林斯例句
