In both first and second language learning, learners mainly acquire vocabulary in two ways: explicit vocabulary learning and incidental learning through reading.
After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.
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4. 其他研究人员抗议说，“选择退出”反应只是一种习得的或条件性的反应。
Other researchers protested that the opt-out response was simply a learned or conditioned response.
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5. 这种习得性恐惧可以使我们免受危险。
This "learned fear" can protect us from dangers.
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6. 对我来说，这些反应代表了私有软件通常造成的习得性无助。
To me, these reactions epitomize the learned helplessness that proprietary software usually encourages.
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7. 研究人员使用相同的方法研究习得性恐惧。
The researchers used a common method for studying learned fear.
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8. 了解光线调节习得性恐惧的方式可以使治疗师能够针对治疗这些以恐惧为基础的疾病。
Understanding how light regulates learned fear may inform therapies aimed at treating some of these fear-based disorders.
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9. 只有当在合作群体中习得的个体，在后续的测试中独自论证掌控性时，才能完成群体到个体的转移。
Group-to-individual transfer occurs when individuals who learned within a cooperative group demonstrate mastery on a subsequent test taken individually.
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10. 心理学中有一个唤作“习得性无助”的领域，研究人们认为自己对所处境况无助时的后果。
There is an area of psychology called "learned helplessness" that concerns itself with the consequences to people when they conclude that they have little choice in what happens to them.
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11. “我们发现光线本身并不一定增强恐惧，但更多的光线增强了习得性恐惧，”Wiltgen说道。
"We showed that light itself does not necessarily enhance fear, but more light enhances learned fear," Wiltgen said.
Whether YouTube, Facebook or online communication, we know the importance of being educated self - advocates and agree with the necessary research and clinical trials for the procedure.
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13. 一旦我们有了系统性的方法并且知道如何运用我们习得的能力，生活将变成一种全新的体验。
Once we have a systematic approach, and know how to apply the skills we have learned, life becomes a whole new experience.
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14. 借助上海话的音系模型，我们从三个方面分析了上海话音系习得：区别性特征、音系单位和词层。
Based on the phonological model of the Shanghai dialect, we analyze three aspects of phonological acquisition: distinctive features, phonological units and word tier.
The Monitor Model, especially its "comprehensible input hypothesis"and "affective filter hypothesis", is very helpful in our foreign language teaching and second language acquisition.
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16. 产出性词汇评估是词汇习得研究的一个重要方面。
Assessing productive vocabulary is an important dimension of vocabulary acquisition research.
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17. 第一语言习得值得一提的一点是我们在全球各地儿童早期语言中所看到的高度相似性。
One remarkable thing about first language acquisition is the high degree of similarity which we see in the early language of children all over the world.
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18. 习得性无助感是指在青少年成长过程中可能出现的一种心理障碍。
Learned helplessness is a psychological barrier in the process of the growing of some children.
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19. 刑讯逼供这一侵犯性人格特质是先天和后天习得两者相互作用的结果。
As a violating personality character, extorting a confession by torture is the interactional outcome of both the inborn and postnatal acquisition.
A type of learning in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a reflex response or respondent behaviour - Also referred to as Pavlovian Conditioning.
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23. 在应激性抑郁研究中，常用的动物模型包括行为绝望模型、习得无助模型、慢性应激模型等。
Animal models of Behavioral Despair, Learned Helplessness, and Chronic stress, etc., are widely used to study stress-induced depression.
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24. 近二十年来，课堂纠正性反馈是二语习得研究领域的一个热门话题。
The study of corrective feedback in classrooms has been a hot point in the field of SLA in the recent decades.
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25. 个体通过在回避一个不愉快的刺激，所习得和记忆时建立的一种条件性回避行为。
Learning that occurs when the subject responds in order to avoid an unpleasant stimulus. The process of learning to emit a behaviour in order to prevent an aversive event.
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26. 语言可学性研究不是关于语言是否可以被学得，而是试图解释语言习得机制完成习得任务的方式。
The study of language learnability is not oriented to whether language is learnable but to explaining how the language acquisition device does its work.
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27. 这种习得性的无助状态是整个人类共有的心态，直到最近才有所改变。
The state of learned helplessness was the Shared mentality of the whole human species until recently.
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28. 这种习得性的无助状态是整个人类共有的心态，直到最近才有所改变。
The state of learned helplessness was the Shared mentality of the whole human species until recently.
