词根：spon, spond, spons(spous) = to promise 承诺
来自拉丁语的spondere(=to promise,to answer),spondere 过去分词为sponsus,spond/spons的变形为spous。词根spond,spons 为 spon 的变体,有异形同义词根: jur,vot,vout,vow 承诺,发誓。
同源词：
1. despondent（从约定、期待、希望中脱离出来的de(=from) + spond(=promise)）
adj.失望的，沮丧的
despondency/despondence 失望，沮丧，意志消沉
despondently adv.意志消沉地
Despondent after a long illness,he took his own life last Tuesday .长期患病使他意志消沉，上星期二他自杀了。
2. responsive（作为酬答回应的 re(=back) + spons(=answer,promise,pledge)）
adj.回答的，回应的；易于感动的
respond v.应答；回应
response n.应答；回应
respondent n.被告；应答人
The student was especially responsive in class that day. 这个学生在那天的课堂上表现得特别活跃。
3. correspond [cor<com(=tegether) 一起，共同 + re- + spond 承诺 ]
v.(~to ) 与...对等（同等），（地位等）与...相当；与...一致，符合；通信
The U.S. Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
His actions do not correspond with his words. 他的言行不一致。
4. corresponding [见上，-ing 后缀 ]
adj.对应的，相当的；符合的，一致的；通信的 *cor<com(=tegether),re(=again)
correspondingly adv.相应地，相当地；符合地；一致地
corresponding period of last year 去年这个时候
corresponding member （学会等的）通信会员
5. correspondence [见上，-ence 名词后缀 ]
n.一致，相似，对应；通信联系；信件
correspondence course /school 函授课程/函授学校
commercial correspondence 商业信函
correspondence column （报纸上的）读者来信专栏
get into correspondence with 开始与...通信联系
6. correspondent [见上，-ent 后缀]
n.通信者；（报社的）特派员，（特指远地区的）通讯记者（定期向报社投稿，提供地方新闻或特别报道）；客户
good /bad (negligent) correspondent 勤于写信的人/不勤于写信的人
our Moscow correspondent 本社莫斯科通讯记者
foreign/war correspondent 海外特派员/战地记者
7. respond [re- 再一次 + spond 承诺 ]
v.应答，回答；反应；（礼拜时会众的）例行应答 *re(again)
8. response [re- 再次 + spons 承诺 + -e 后缀 ]
n.应答，回答；反应；（礼拜时会众的）应答（或唱和）短诗 *re(again)
in response to 对...反应，响应...
9. respondent [见上,-ent 后缀]
n.回答者；（离婚、上诉等案件中的）被告
10. responsible [见上，-ible 后缀]
adj.有责任的，应负责任的；责任重大的；可信赖的；（be responsible for）作为...原因的，对...负责的
responsible government 负责任的政府
Bad workmanship was responsible for the collapse of the block of flats. 施工质量差导致了公寓楼的坍塌。
11. responsibility [见上，-ibility 名词后缀 ]
n.责任，任务，义务
12. irresponsible [ir<in(=not) + re-(=again) + ible 形容词后缀 ]
adj.不承担责任的；不负责任的，无责任感的，不可靠的；无责任能力的
irresponsible child 无责任能力的孩子
irresponsible teenagers 无责任感的下几岁孩子
irresponsible behavior 不负责任的行为
13. sponsor [见上，-or 名词后缀 ]
n.（贷款等的）保证人；赞助人；发起人；（选举候选人的）后援组织；（商业性节目的）赞助者
v.赞助，发起，资助；成为（商业节目的）赞助商（约定保证的人）
14. spouse [spous 承诺 + -e 后缀 ]
n.配偶
15. espouse [e- = ex- 出 + spous 承诺 + -e 后缀→ 承诺出来→ ]
v.支持，信奉（主义、学说等）
16. espousal [见上，-al 形容词后缀 →]
n.支持，信奉 *e<ex(=out)
17. sponsion [见上，-ion 名词后缀 → ]
n.保证
18. despond [de- = dis- =away 去掉 + spond 承诺,允诺 → 不再承诺 → 失望 →]
v. 沮丧（停止束缚）
19. spontaneous [spont=spond 承诺,允诺 + -aneous……的 → 自内心的承诺→]
adj.自愿的，自发的；自然产生的（自内心承诺-->自愿的）
词根词缀：loutro-, loutr-
【来源及含义】Greek: bath, bathing
【相关描述】A discussion about the above words appeared in the April 19, 1993, issue of The Christian Science Monitor in an article, "Dictionary Service Answers Questions About Words" (page 14) that described an organization known as "OWLS" [Oxford Word and Language Service]. One writer wrote, "Please can you tell me the word for a person who drinks their [sic] own bath water, as opposed to one who drinks another's bath water?" These words do not exist in any dictionary. Part of the OWLS' reply read: "As the concept is not central to European civilization, I am not surprised that it has failed to find a place in dictionaries. If words for this are needed in the future, then autoloutrophilist and alloloutrophilist are waiting in the wings for their brief flash of celebrity."
【同源单词】autoloutrophilist, louter, loutrophoros
词根词缀：sol-, -sol
【来源及含义】Latin: base, ground, soil, bottom; the lowest part of something; sole of the foot or a shoe
【相关描述】Soil orders are named by adding the suffix -sol to a root word, as shown in the table of the United States Soil Taxonomy and the soil classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO (agency of the United Nations).
Many of the applicable soilwords which are listed and defined in this unit do not use the -sol suffix; however, they are included because they are essential parts of the major listings of the U.S. Soil Taxonomy and the Food and Agriculture Organization presentations.
The soil groups are based on extensive sets of field and laboratory observations and on extensive technical criteria.
【同源单词】Acrisol, Albeluvisol, Albolls, Alfisol, Alisol, Andisol