趣词首页 公众号 小程序

词根:vict, vinc = to conquer(征服)

  来源于拉丁文vincere, 意为 to conquer,to show。公元前47年 恺撒大帝Caesar 率军进入小亚细亚,只用了5天的时间,就平定了庞培部下的叛乱。胜利后的Caesar 将所有的喜悦和骄傲都浓缩在三个拉丁词里:veni,vedi,vici 意为

:I came,I saw ,I conqered,到,见,胜。这就是历史上著名的“三V文书”。

  (*拉丁文vincere(=to conquer),过去分词victus。 —— 英文根字典)

同源词:

1. conviction (完全征服 con<com(intensive) + vict(=conquer))(convince[v.[of]使信服,使确信]+ing……的→adj.令人心服的;有说服力的)
  n.定罪,宣告有罪;确信,信念
  convict v.宣告有罪,使认罪;(n.)已决定 (con全部+vict征服,克服→彻底征服掉[的人]→证明…有罪;囚犯)
  It's my conviction that the defendant indeed committed the murder. 我确信被告确实杀人了。

2. evince(向外展示或完全征服 e<ex(=out,intensive) + vinc(=show,coquer))(e出+vinc征服,克服+e→克服障碍,表达感情→使[人]确信)
  vt.表明;显示出
  evincible adj.可表明的
  evincive adj.显示的
  The young boy evinced no shame for the items he had stolen. 那个小男孩对偷盗物品没有表示出羞愧之意。

3. invincible(无法征服的 in(=not) + vinc(=conquer))(in不+vinc征服,克服+ible可..的→不可征服的)
  adj.不能征服的;无敌的
  invincibility n.无敌,不可战胜
  invincibly adv.无敌地
  The North Vietnamese provid to be invincible,despite America's military might. 尽管美国军事力量强大,越南人民仍然证明了自己是不可战胜的。

4. evict (e出+vict征服,克服→征服后把别人赶出去→驱逐)
  v.逐出 *e<ex(=out)
  eviction n.逐出,驱逐 (evict[v.[依法]驱逐]+ion表名词→n.逐出, 赶出)
  He was evicted for not paying the rent. 他因为没有交房租而被赶走了。

5. victim
  n.牺牲者,受害者;(祭祀用的)牺牲
  easy victim 容易受害的人
  victim of circumstance 环境的牺牲者(如受所处环境影响崦犯罪的人)
  the victims of war 战争的牺牲者
  the victims of the earthquake 震区灾民

6. victimize
  v.使牺牲
  victimization n.牺牲
  Trade union leaders were victimized. 工会的领导们牺牲了。

7. victor (vict征服,克服+or人→n.得胜者,胜利者)
  n.胜利者,征服者 adj.胜利(者)的
  victor nation 战胜国

8. victoria
  n.英国维多利亚女王(1819-1901);维多利亚(女子名);维多利亚城
  Victoria Cross 维多利亚十字勋章(由维多利亚女王设立,授予有杰出功勋的军人,缩写:V.C.)
  Victoria Falls 维多利亚瀑布

9. Victorian
  adj.维多利亚女王(时代)的;固执的,守旧的
  the (Royal) Victorian Order 维多利亚勋章(由维多利亚女王设立,授予为国五立下杰出功勋之人,缩写:V.O.)
  the Victorian age 维多利亚时代
  Victorian dress/ manners /authors 维多利亚女王时代的服装/风俗/作者

10. victory (victor[n.得胜者,胜利者]+y状态→n.胜利)
  n. 胜利,战胜
  gain/get/win a victory over the enemy 战胜敌人
  victory over difficulty 战胜困难

11. victorious (victory[n.胜利]+ious……的→victorious获胜的)
  adj.获胜的,战胜的
  victorious army 胜利军

12. victural
  n.(pl.)食物,粮食 v.提供食物,储备食物
  victualer n.(专为船或部队)供应食物者
  victual a ship 给船上提供粮食
  The ship victualed at Pusan. 那艘船在釜山储备粮食

13. convince (con全部+vinc征服,克服+e→彻底征服了对方→使信服,使确信)
  v.使确信,使信服 *con<com(=thoroughly)
  I am conviced of his honesty. / ~ that he is honest.  我相信他很正直。

14. convincing
  adj.令人信服的,有说服力的
  convincingly adv.令人信服地,有说服力地
  convincing speaker/argument 令人信服的演说家/论据

15. vincible
  adj.可征服的,可战胜的

16. vanquish
  v.征服,击败;克服 (*vanq<vanc<vinc(=conquer) + -ish 表动词后缀,"造成……,成……" →成功击败对方,造成对方失败→征服,击败;克服)(注意:拉丁文vincere = to conquer)

词根:act, ag = to do, to drive (做, 驱使)

  词根 ag 来自拉丁动词 agere 的词干部分,意思相当于英语的 to do (做)或to drive(驱使)。act 是个英语核心单词,其实它的前身 act 是ag的同源异形词根,来自agere(过去分词actus) 的动名词形式 actum 的词干部分,基本含义也是to do 或to drive。

同源词:

1. act
  n.行为;法案;一幕
  v.

同源词:

1. do something 行动:to act at once 立刻行动;2. function 起作用:The brakes wouldn't act. 刹车失录。3.take part in a play or film 扮演:Who is acting Hamlet ? 谁演哈姆雷特?
  actor n.男演员;行动者
  actress n.女演员
  re-act v.重做,再做;重演,再演
  overact v.演得过于夸张

2. action
  n. 1. process of doing,or deed 行动,活动:Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更有说服力。
    2. result of doing ,or effect 作用:the action of an acid on metal 酸对金属的作用
    3. charge 诉讼:to bring an action against someone 起诉某人
  actionable adj.可控诉的

3. active (act = to do 做;-ive adj.= able 会......的)
  adj.able to do 活跃的,积极的:Although he is over 70,he is still active.  他虽然年过70,但依然很活跃。
  activate v.使活动
  activism n.[哲]能动主义;积极,活跃
  activist n.活动分子,积极分子
  activity n.能动性;活跃;[复]活动

4. actual(act = to do 做;-u-;-al adj.= the act or fact 表行为或事实)
  adj.existing in fact;real 实际的;现实的:the actual amount of money 实际金额
  actualist n.现实主义者
  actuality n.事实,现在情况;现实性
  actualize v.实行,使现实化

5. actuate(act = to do 做;-u-;-ate v.=to make or cause 使......)
  v. cause to do 驱动,激励:What motives actuated her ? 什么动机驱使她这样做的?
  actuation n.驱动,激励;开动

6. exact (ex- = out 出;act = to drive 驱使-->“to drive out;driven out 逼出来(的)”)
  v.demand or obtain by force 强求,索取:He exacted obedience from his students. 他强要学生服从他。
  adj.correct and without mistake 准确的,精确的:to be exact in conduct 行为一丝不苟
  exacting adj.苛求的,严厉的;强索的
  exaction adj.强索的;勒索;榨取
  exactutude n.精确(性);严格,严谨

7. react (re- = back 回返;act = to do 做)
  v.

同源词:

1. do or act in reply 反应:She was slow to react. 她反应迟钝。
    2. do against 反动,反作用:to react against oppression 反抗压迫
  reaction n.反应;反作用;反动
  reactor n.引起反应的人或物;[原]反应堆
  reactive adj.反应的;反动的

8. interact (inter- = between 在......之间;act = to do 做 --> “to do between two things 在两者之间互动”)
  v.have an effect on each other 互相作用,互相影响:All things are inter-related and interacted on each other. 一切事物都是互相联系又互相影响的。
  interaction n.相互作用;相互
  interactant n.[化]反应物
  interactive adj.互相作用的;[计]交互的

9. transact(trans- = across or through 穿过;act = to drive 驱使 --> “to drive through 使通过”)
  v. carry on;manage 执行,办理:He transacted some business at bank. 他在银行处理了一些事务。
  transaction n.办理,处理;交易,业务
  transactor n. 办事人,处理者
 
10. enact
  vt.制定法律, 扮演, 颁布 *en(=in)

11. exactitude
  n. 正确;精密;严正《-itude 抽象名词后缀》

12. inaction
  v.不活动;懒散;怠惰《in- = not》
  inactive adj.不活动的;不活泼的;懒惰的

13. agent
  n.代理人;代理商;动作者;原动力(做的人)

14. agile
  n.动作的敏捷;机敏

15. agitate
  v. 震动;煽动

16. agitation
  n.摇动;激动的状态;煽动

17. agitator
  n.煽动者;游说者

18. agony
  n.极大的痛苦;精神上的激动(缠绕心头)

19. cogent
  adj.强有力的;使人信服的(劝动另人一起去)《co- = com- = together》

20. cogitate
  v.思考;计划;设计

21. cogitable
  adj.可思考的;可想象的

22. exigent
  adj.急切的;紧急的;所需极多的(驱逐出去)《ex- = out;ig = act = to act》

23. prodigal
  adj.浪费的;挥霍的
  n.浪费者;浪子《拉丁文 prodigere = to drive forth》

词根:crep = to rattle

  来自拉丁语的crep 意为to rattle 。

同源词:

1. decrepit(出声变小的de(=down) + crep(=rattle))
  adj.老弱的;衰老的,衰朽的
  decrepitude n.衰老,衰朽
  Believe it or not,the decrepit old woman across the street baked this bread!信不信由你,这个面包是街对面的那个老奶奶烤的!

2. discrepancy(分别出声 dis(=apart) + crep(=rattle))
  n.(陈述、言语的)不相符,不一致;矛盾
  discrepant adj.相差的,有差异的,矛盾的
  There is an obvious discrepancy between his kind words and cruel deeds. 他亲切的话语和他残忍的行为显然是自相矛盾的。

3. crepitate
  v.发出爆裂声
  crepitation n.爆裂声

词根:pi = holy

  来自拉丁语的pi意为holy。同义词根有来自拉丁语的secr,sanct 和来自希腊语的hagi,hier。

同源词:

1. expiate(使变得非常神圣 ex(=out,intensive) + pi(=holy))
  vt. 赎罪;补偿过失
  expiation n.赎罪;补偿
  expiatory adj.赎罪的;补偿的
  His guilt is so strong he feels he can never expiate his evil deeds.他犯下的罪行太重了,以至于他自己都觉得无法为自己的罪行赎罪。

2. pious
  adj.虔诚的,笃信的;可嘉的

3. piety
  n.(宗教上的)虔诚;(对国家、君主、父母等的)忠诚,孝顺
  filial piety 孝心

4. impious
  adj.不敬的;不虔诚的 *im<in(=not)

5. impiety
  n.不虔诚;对神不敬(的言行) im<in(=not)

词根词缀:pragmato-, pragmat-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: skilled in the law; busy, skilled in business; a thing done; to do, effect, accomplish, practice

【相关描述】It started in Greek with the meanings: "to do, act, perform"; then it meant "civil business, deed, act"; and into Latin as, "skilled in business or law". The meaning concerned with "practical results or values" is first recorded in the form pragmatical (1597) and later as pragmatic in 1853.

The form, "pragmatism", is a philosophy that stresses practical results.

【同源单词】pragmatagnosia, pragmatamnesia, pragmatic, pragmatical, pragmatically, pragmaticalness

词根词缀:sceler-, scelero-

【来源及含义】Latin: wickedness, bad, evil deed, crime

【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; dys-; mal-; mis-; pessim-.

【同源单词】pavor sceleris, scelerat, scelerate, scelerophobia, scelestic