词根：dot, don(dow, dos), dat(dit) = to give（给）
词根来源于拉丁语的donare，donum 意为to give。dow,dos 是其变形。此外，与此相似的还有dat及其变形dit。
同源词：
1. anecdote（不向外给予an(=not) + ec<ex(=out) + dot(=give)）
n.轶事，奇闻；（pl.）秘史
Many public speakers begin their address with an amusing anecdote. 许多演说家都是以趣闻轶事开始演说的。
2. condone（完全给予 con<com(=intensive,completely) + don(=give)）
vt.原谅，宽恕；不咎（过错）
condonation n.宽恕；不咎（过错）
In some countries,spousal physical abuse is condoned. 有些国家容许对配偶身体的虐待行为。
3. endow（向里边给予 en(=in) + dow<don(=give)）
vt.sb + with + sth （向医院、学校等）捐赠；（天生）赋有（某种资质）
endowment n.捐赠，捐助（款）；（pl.）天赋，天资
The business tycoon endowed a professorship in the university's business school. 那位商业大亨向该大学商学院捐赠了教授基金。
4. render （还给 ren<re(=back) + der<der(=give)）
vt.使...成为；以...回报；提出，提供，交付；演出，演奏；翻译；表达，描写
rendition n.翻译；演出，演奏
rendering n.翻译；演出，演奏
A tranquilizer dart rendered the lion harmless. 狮子中了麻醉针剂后就不会伤人了。
5. antidote
n.解毒剂；矫正方法 *anti(=against)
6. donate
v.捐赠
7. donation
n.捐献，捐赠，赠与；捐款；捐赠品
donations to the Red Cross 给红十字会的捐款
8. donor
n.捐赠者
blood donor 献血者
9. pardon
v./n.原谅，宽恕；赦免 *par<per(=completely)（完全给予）
10. dowager
n.受有亡夫爵位（或遗产）的寡妇；老年贵妇人
dowager duchess 公爵遗孀
queen dowager 国王遗孀
Empress Dowager Shih （中国清朝的）西太后
11. dower
n.（寡妇应当分得的）亡夫遗产；嫁妆；天赋，天资
v.给...亡夫遗产；赋予（才能等）
12. dowry
n.嫁妆；天才
13. dose
n.（药物等的）（一次）剂量一服；<口>（尤其指苦事的）一次，一番;<俚>花柳病 v.（按剂量）给...服药 （给予药品）
six doses 服用六次的药量
give him a dose 给他服一剂药
14. dosage
n.（药的）剂量；（按剂量的）给药
15. antedate
v.倒填（在信件、文件等的）日期；（时间上）先发生 *ante(=before)
16. postdate
v.（在信件、文件等上）写上比实际日期晚的日期；（时间上）后于 *post(=after)
17. predate
v.(=antedate) *pre(=before)
18. data
n.资料，材料；数据
data bank 数据库
data processing 数据处理
19. date
n.日期；（尤其指与异性的）约会；时代，年代；约会对象；海枣；枣椰树
v.在...上注明日期；源自；（～ from/back to ）追溯至...；与...约会
dated adj.过时的
datable adj.可确定年代的
dataless adj.无期限的；古老得无法确定日期的
date line 国际日期变更线
blind date 不相识的男女初次会面
The castle dates back to the 14th century. 那座城堡早在14世纪就建成了。
20. dative
adj.[语]与格的 n.与格
21. edit
v.编辑 *e<ex(=out)
22. edition
n.版本 *e<ex(=out)
cheap edition 廉价版
pocket edition 袖珍本
first edition 初版
revised edition 修订版
popular edition 普及版
deluxe edition 精装版
23. editor
n.（书、报纸、期刊、广播节目等的）编辑；（报刊的）主编；（报纸专栏）主笔 *e<ex(=out)
chief editor/editor-in-chief 总编辑，主编
city editor 本地新闻主编
financial editor 财经编辑
managing editor 总编辑
词根：mut = to change
来自拉丁语的mut意为to change。
（*拉丁文mutare (=to change)——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. immutable（不能换的im<in(=not) + mut(=change)）
adj.不变的
immutability n.不变（性）
An immutable fact is ahat everything that begins will eventually end.一个不变的事实上是任何事情都是有始有终的。
2. transmute （完全改变trans (= intensive) + mut( = change)）
vt.改变（模样、性质、内容等）
transmutation n.变化；变形；变质
transmutable adj. 可变化的
In the movie,a man is transmuted into a giant fly.电影中，一个男人被变成了一只巨大的苍蝇。
3. mutable（易于变化的mut (=change)）
adj.易变的；变化无常的
mutability n.易变性；反复无常
Nature in all its mutable forms teaches us the lesson of death.大自然以其变化无常的形态给我们死亡的教训。
4. commute
v.交换；改变（尤其指支付方式）；代替；减刑；（搭乘火车、汽车等，购买长期票）通勤；改变（电流）方向 *com(=with)
commutable adj.可改变的；可代替的
comuutator n.（电流）换几器
commute an annuity for a lump sum 将年薪一次付清
5. commutation
n.交换，变换；减刑；（购买长期票）通勤 *com(=with)
commutation of the death sentence to life imprisonment 将死刑改为终身监禁的减刑
6. commuter
n.通勤者，长期车票使用者；（不住在大学宿舍的）走读学生 *com(=with)
commuter train 通勤火车
commuter marriage 两地往返婚姻，两地分居婚姻
7. permute
v.变更，交换；[数]排列 *per(=completely)
permutation n.交换；排列
8. mutual
adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的
mutually adv.互相地；共同地，共有地
mutual suspicion / affection/respect /understanding 相互怀疑/相爱/相互尊重/相互理解
mutual assured destruction 确保同归于尽，相互威慑理论（美苏双方相互遏制战略得以实施的前提，（缩写：MAD））
mutual fund 共有基金
词根：prim(prem, prin, pri) = first（第一）
来自拉丁语的prim,意为first。变形有prem,prin,pri等。
（*拉丁文primus (first)——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. primordial （最早开始的prim (=first) + ord (=begin)）
adj. 原始的；最早的；基本的
Primordial warfare was performed with primitive weapons——but was still deadly.原始时代的战争虽然使用的是原始武器，但是仍然可以致使。
2. prima adj.第一的，主要的
prima donna 歌剧中的女主角；首席女歌手；喜怒无常的人，自负的人，爱慕虚荣的人
prima ballerina 芭蕾舞团首席女演员
prima facie 乍看时，据初步印象
prima facie evidence 初步证据
have a prima facie/a good case接手了一个初步证据确凿的/看上去（对胜诉）有利的案件
3. primacy n.卓越，首位
primal adj.最早的，原始的；首要的
4. primary adj.首位的，主要的；最早的，原始的；第一手的；基本的；小学（教育）的；初生的；原生的；n.（政党的）初选
primarily adv.首先，主要地；起初，本来
primary election /meeting 初选/政党地区会议；政党基层会议
primary care 最初保健护理
5. primate n.首主教；灵长目动物
the Primate of All England （英国的）坎特伯雷大主教 （= the Archbishop of Canter-bury）
the Primate of England 约克大主教（=the Archbishop of York）
6. prime adj.首位的，主要的；基本的；一流的，一级的，最好的 n.全盛期，青春（时代），装年期；最好的部分，精华；初期 v.使准备好；给（爆炸物）装上雷管（或导火线）；使...启动；事先给...指导；使喝足，使吃饱；在（墙上或板子上）涂底漆（或底色）
the Prime Minister 首相
his prime motive 他的主要动机
prime(cuts of)beef 上等牛肉
of prime quality 上等的
in prime conditions 最好的
prime ribs 上等肋（牛肉最好的部位）
prime time （电视、广播的）黄金时间
prime the pump（尤其指以政府经费）刺激经济发展
7. primer n.初级读本，基础读物；雷管，导火线；底漆
8. priming n.装雷管；起爆药；底漆
9. primitive adj.原始的，远古的，早期的；粗糙的；简单的 n.文艺复兴以前的艺术家（或作品）
Primitive Church 早期基督教教会
10. primogeniture n.长子身份；长子继承（权） *gen(= birth)
right of primogeniture 长子继承权
11. priority n.优先（权）；先取权；（时间、顺序的）在先，先前；重点；应予优先考虑的事 *pri<prim(=first), or(=Latin comparative degree)
top /first priority 头等大事
priority seating （列车等的）老、弱、病、残、孕座位
priority principle 优先原则
creditors by priority 优先债权人
have priority over 比...优先
give priority to 给...优先权
12. prior adj.在前的；优先的，更重要的 adv.优先，在前 n.大修道院副院长；小陷修院长 *pri < prim (=first),or (=Latin comparative degree)
have a prior claim to 对...拥有优先权
prior to my arrival 在我到达之前
prior to any discussion of this matter在对这件事进行讨论之前
The house was sold prior to auction 那所房子在于拍卖之前就卖出去了
13. pristine adj.原始的；早期的，首位的 *prem<prim (=first)
take the premier place 占首位/首席
14. premiere n.（戏剧的）首次公演，（电影的）首映 *prem < prim (=first)
15. primordium adj. 原始细胞《-um = 名词字尾》
16. primrose n.樱草；淡黄色 adv.樱草的；淡黄色的；欢乐的（最早的蔷薇——>早春开放的花）
17. prince n.王子；诸侯（坐于首席者）《-ce = to take》
词根词缀：a-, ab-, abs-
【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; from, away, away from
【相关描述】This prefix is normally used with elements of Latin and French origins (abs- usually joins elements beginning with c, q, or t).
The form ab- is regularly used before all vowels and h; and it becomes a- before the consonants m, p, and v. The prefix apo- has similar meanings.
This list is a very small sample of the multitudes of a-, ab-, abs- prefixes that are available in dictionaries and those in this unit are only meant to present a few examples.
【同源单词】abampere, abampere centimeter squared, abampere per square centimeter, abarticular, abarticulation, abbreviate
词根词缀：academ-
【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: [originally, Academus/Akademus, a name of a hero in Greek mythology; then it became a gymnasium near Athens where Plato taught]
【相关描述】In the beginning, academy referred to the "olive grove of Academus" or "the groves of Academe". Plato established his school in 387 B.C. Music, philosophy, and literature were taught there. Some accounts say that Plato sat on the ground and taught while resting against the trunk of an olive tree.
Now academies generally exist as private-secondary schools, military institutions; as art, literary, and scientific societies; and institutions in the entertainment world. According to John Ayto, the more general meanings "college, place of training" derive from French.
【同源单词】academe, academia, academic, academical, academician, academicism
词根词缀：ad-
【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; to, toward, a direction toward, addition to, near, at; and changes to: ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, at- when ad- is combined with certain words that begin with the letters c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t
【相关描述】The form ad- appears in this form before a vowel and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v. It is simplified to a- before sc, sp and st.
Before c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t; ad- is changed to ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, and at-.
In other words, the d of ad usually changes into the same letter as the first letter of the following root or word when it is a consonant: ad-fix becomes affix, and ad-sign becomes assign; therefore, making a double consonant.
Another example includes: attract as with ad-tract (drawn towards); so it has a double t. On the other hand when ad- precedes a vowel, as with adapt, it is simply ad-apt, with one d. For the same reason, there is only one d in adore and adumbrate, because ad- has combined with orare and umbra each of which starts with a vowel.
So, remember: since these Latin words begin with vowels and not consonants, the d of ad does not double as shown in the previous examples.
【同源单词】a capite ad calcem, Ab ovo usque ad mala, Ab uno ad omnes, Abiit ad majores, abjure, accede
词根词缀：archaeo-, archeo-, archae-, arche-, archa-, archi-, -arch
【来源及含义】Greek: original [first in time], beginning, first cause, origin, ancient, primitive, from the beginning; most basic
【相关词根词缀】 Related "time" units: aevum, evum; Calendars; chrono-; horo-; pre-; Quotes: Time; tempo-.
【同源单词】antarchism, archaebacterium, archaeoastronomer, archaeoastronomy, archaeobacterium, archaeofauna
词根词缀：colpo-, colp-, kolpo-, kolp-
【来源及含义】Greek: womb, fold; vagina; from "bosom, lap, hollow"
【相关描述】The letter "k" is frequently used in place of the beginning "c" for many of these words.
【同源单词】aerocolpos, bathycolpian, colpalgia, colpectasia, colpectomy, colpedema
词根词缀：-esce, -escent, -escence
【来源及含义】Latin: beginning to be, becoming; to be somewhat; a suffix that forms nouns and adjectives
【同源单词】acaulescent, acquiescence, acquiescent, adherescent, adipescent, adolescence
词根词缀：ferv-
【来源及含义】Latin: to boil; hot; to begin to boil, to be hot; deeply earnest; ardent
【相关词根词缀】 Related "heat, hot" word units: pyreto-; thermo-. Related "bubble" word unit: ebulli-.
【同源单词】effervesce, effervescence, effervescent, effervescible, effervescing, effervescingly