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anniversary [anniversary 词源字典]: anniversary: [13] Like annual, anniversary is based ultimately on Latin annus ‘year’. The underlying idea it contains is of ‘yearly turning’ or ‘returning’; the Latin adjective anniversārius was based on annus and versus ‘turning’ (related to a wide range of English words, from verse and convert to vertebra and vertigo). This was used in phrases such as diēs anniversāria ‘day returning every year’, and eventually became a noun in its own right.
=> annual, convert, verse[anniversary etymology, anniversary origin, 英语词源]
conversation: conversation: [14] Latin convertere meant ‘turn round, transform’. It was a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix com- and vertere ‘turn’ (source of English verse, version, and vertigo). It has spawned a variety of English words, its most direct descendant being convert [13]. Its past participle conversus produced the noun converse ‘opposite’ [16], but this should not be confused with the verb converse ‘talk’ [14], which came via quite a different route.

Latin vertere had a specialized form, vertāre, denoting repeated action. From it came versārī ‘live, occupy oneself’, which, with the addition of the com- prefix, produced conversārī ‘live, dwell, associate or communicate with others’. This passed via Old French converser into English, but at first both it and its derivative conversation were limited semantically to the notion of ‘dwelling’ and ‘social life’; the specific modern sense ‘talk’ was not brought into play until the late 16th century.
=> convert, verse, version
haversack: haversack: [18] Etymologically, a haversack is a ‘bag for oats’. The word comes via French havresac from German habersack, a compound formed from the now dialectal haber ‘oats’ and sack ‘bag’. This denoted originally a bag used in the army for feeding oats to horses, but by the time it reached English it had broadened out to a ‘bag for soldiers’ provisions’, carried over the shoulders (northern dialects of English, incidentally, had the term haver for ‘oats’, probably borrowed from Old Norse hafri, and related forms are still widespread among the Germanic languages, including German hafer, Dutch haver, and Swedish and Danish havre.

It has been speculated that the word is related to Latin caper and Old Norse hafr ‘goat’, in which case it would mean etymologically ‘goat’s food’).
adversarial (adj.): by 1892, from adversary + -al (1). Probably coined to avoid confusion which might arise with use of adversary (adj.), which is attested from late 14c. Related: Adversarially.
adversary (n.): mid-14c., aduersere, from Anglo-French adverser (13c.), Old French adversaire "adversary, opponent, enemy," or directly from Latin adversarius "opponent, adversary, rival," noun use of adjective meaning "opposite, hostile, contrary," literally "turned toward one," from adversus "turned against" (see adverse). The Latin word is glossed in Old English by wiðerbroca.
anniversary (n.): early 13c., originally especially of the day of a person's death, from Medieval Latin anniversarium, from Latin anniversarius (adj.) "returning annually," from annus (genitive anni) "year" (see annual (adj.)) + versus, past participle of vertere "to turn" (see versus). The adjective came to be used as a noun in Church Latin as anniversaria (dies) in reference to saints' days. An Old English word for "anniversary" (n.) was mynddæg, literally "mind-day."
controversal (adj.): 1610s, from Latin controversus "turned against" (see controversy) + -al (1).
controversary (adj.): c. 1600, from stem of Latin controversus (see controversy) + -ary.
conversant (adj.): late 14c., from Old French conversant, present participle of converser (see converse (v.)).
conversate (v.): by 1994, apparently a back-formation from conversation or an elaboration of converse. According to some, from U.S. black English.
conversation (n.): mid-14c., "living together, having dealings with others," also "manner of conducting oneself in the world;" from Old French conversation, from Latin conversationem (nominative conversatio) "act of living with," noun of action from past participle stem of conversari "to live with, keep company with," literally "turn about with," from Latin com- "with" (see com-) + vertare, frequentative of vertere (see versus).

Specific sense of "talk" is 1570s. Used as a synonym for "sexual intercourse" from at least 1511, hence criminal conversation, legal term for adultery from late 18c. Related: Conversationalist; conversationist.
conversational (adj.): 1779, from conversation + -al (1).
haversack (n.): 1735, from French havresac (1670s), from Low German hafersach "cavalry trooper's bag for horse provender," literally "oat sack," from the common Germanic word for "oat" (see haver (n.1)) + sack (n.1).
malversation (n.): "professional or official corruption," 1540s, from French malversation, from malverser, from Latin male versari, from male "wrongly, ill" (see mal-) + versari "to behave, conduct oneself," passive frequentative of vertere "to turn" (see versus).
reversal (n.): late 15c., from reverse (v.) + -al (2).
tergiversate (v.): 1650s, back-formation from tergiversation, or else from Latin tergiversatus, past participle of tergiversari "be evasive," literally "to turn one's back." Related: Tergiversated; tergiversating.
tergiversation (n.): turning dishonestly from a straightforward action or statement; shifting, shuffling, equivocation, 1560s, from Latin tergiversationem (nominative tergiversatio) "a shifting, evasion, declining, refusing," from past participle stem of tergiversari "turn one's back on, evade," from tergum "the back" (of unknown origin) + versare "to spin, turn" (see versus).
transversal (adj.): "running or lying across," mid-15c., from Medieval Latin transversalis (13c.), from transvers-, stem of transvertere (see transverse). Earlier in the same sense was transversary (c. 1400). As a noun, from 1590s. Related: Transversally.
universal (adj.): late 14c., "pertaining to the whole of something specified; occurring everywhere," from Old French universel "general, universal" (12c.), from Latin universalis "of or belonging to all," from universus "all together, whole, entire" (see universe). In mechanics, a universal joint (1670s) is one which allows free movement in any direction. Universal product code is recorded from 1974.
universalism (n.): 1805 in theology, "the doctrine of universal salvation," from universal (adj.) + -ism. Universalist "one who, professing the Christian faith, believes in the eventual redemption of all humanity" is attested from 1620s.
universality (n.): late 14c., from Old French universelite (14c.) or directly from Late Latin universalitas, from Latin universalis "universal" (see universal).
universally (adv.): late 14c., from universal + -ly (2).
Versailles: place outside Paris, of uncertain origin; perhaps from Latin versus "slope." Louis XIII built a hunting lodge there; made into a palace 17c. by Louis XIV.
versant (adj.): 1640s, "busy" (with something), from Latin versantem (nominative versans), present participle of versare (see versus). Meaning "familiar, acquainted" is from 1787.
versatile (adj.): c. 1600, "inconstant," from Latin versatilis "turning, revolving, moving, capable of turning with ease to varied subjects or tasks," from past participle stem of versare "keep turning, be engaged in something, turn over in the mind," frequentative of vertere "to turn" (see versus). Meaning "able to do many things well" is from 1762 in English.
versatility (n.): 1755, "fickleness," from versatile + -ity. As "ability to do many things well" from 1798.
vice versa: "the order being changed," c. 1600, Latin, from vice, ablative of vicis "a change, alternation, alternate order" (see vicarious) + versa, feminine ablative singular of versus, past participle of vertere "to turn, turn about" (see versus). "The phrase has the complete force of a proposition, being as much as to say that upon a transposition of antecedents the consequents are also transposed" [Century Dictionary].
adversative: "(Of a word or phrase) expressing opposition or antithesis", Late Middle English: from French adversatif, -ive or late Latin adversativus, from Latin adversari 'oppose', from adversus (see adverse).
adversatively: "In an adversative manner; so as to express opposition", Late 16th cent.; earliest use found in Arthur Golding (d. 1606), translator. From adversative + -ly, after post-classical Latin adversative.
adversaria: "With plural concord: miscellaneous remarks and observations; notes, miscellanea. With singular concord: a book consisting of these, a commonplace book", Late 16th cent. From classical Latin adversāria things written on one side of the page, notes, observations (Cicero), in post-classical Latin also commonplace book, use as noun (short for scripta adversāria) of neuter plural of adversārius.