英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

ablution [ablution 词源字典]: ablution: see lavatory
[ablution etymology, ablution origin, 英语词源]
agglutinate: agglutinate: see glue
boutique: boutique: see apothecary
caution: caution: see show
consecutive: consecutive: see sequence
convolution: convolution: see volume
cuticle: cuticle: see hide
devolution: devolution: see volume
evolution: evolution: [17] Evolution originally meant simply ‘unfolding’, or metaphorically ‘development’; it was not used in its main current sense, ‘gradual change in form of a species over the centuries’, until the early 19th century. The Scottish geologist Charles Lyell appears to have been the first to do so, in his Principles of Geology 1832, and it was subsequently taken up by Charles Darwin.

The word comes from Latin ēvolūtiō, which denoted specifically the unrolling of a papyrus or parchment roll. It was a derivative of ēvolvere, a compound formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and volvere ‘roll’ (source also of English convolution, involve, and revolve and related to vault, voluble, volume, vulva, and wallow).
=> convolution, involve, revolve, volume, wallow
futile: futile: see found
mutiny: mutiny: [16] Etymologically, a mutiny is simply a ‘movement’. The word was adapted from the now obsolete mutine, a borrowing from French mutin ‘rebellion’. This in turn was a derivative of an earlier muete, literally ‘movement’, hence ‘rebellion’ (remembered in English in the related émeute ‘uprising’), which came from Vulgar Latin *movita, a descendant of Latin movēre ‘move’ (source of English move).
=> émeute, motion, move
restitution: restitution: see statue
retribution: retribution: see tribe
routine: routine: see rut
scrutinize: scrutinize: [17] The etymological notion underlying scrutinize is of ragpickers searching through piles of garbage looking for anything of use or value. For its ultimate source is Latin scrūta ‘rubbish’. From this was formed the verb scrūtārī ‘rummage through rubbish’, hence broadly ‘search, examine’. This in turn formed the basis of the noun scrūtinium, source of English scrutiny [15], from which scrutinize was derived.
utility: utility: see use
ablution (n.): "ritual washing," late 14c., from Latin ablutionem (nominative ablutio), noun of action from past participle stem of abluere "to wash off," from ab- "off" (see ab-) + luere "wash," related to lavere (see lave).
absolution (n.): "remission, forgiveness," c. 1200, from Old French absolucion, earlier assolucion, from Latin absolutionem (nominative absolutio) "completion, acquittal," noun of action from past participle stem of absolvere "to absolve" (see absolve). Originally of sins; in general use from c. 1400.
absolutism (n.): 1753 in theology; 1830 in politics, in which sense it was first used by British reformer and parliamentarian Maj. Gen. Thomas Perronet Thompson (1783-1869). See absolute and -ism.
absolutist (n.): 1830, from absolute + -ist. From 1837 as an adjective.
aeronautics (n.): 1824, from aeronautic (1784), from French aéronautique, from aéro- (see aero-) + nautique "of ships," from Latin nauticus, from Greek nautikos (see nautical). Originally of balloons. Also see -ics. Aeronaut "balloonist" is from 1784.
agglutinate (v.): 1580s (from 1540s as a past participle adjective), from Latin agglutinatus, past participle of agglutinare (see agglutination). Related: Agglutinated; agglutinating.
agglutination (n.): 1540s, from Latin agglutinationem (nominative agglutinatio), noun of action from past participle stem of agglutinare "fasten with glue," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + glutinare "to glue," from gluten "glue," from PIE *glei- (see glue (n.)). Philological sense first recorded 1650s, in agglutinative.
agglutinative (adj.): 1630s, in a medical sense, from Latin agglutinat-, past participle stem of agglutinare (see agglutination). Philological sense is from 1650s.
antiscorbutic (n.): also anti-scorbutic, 1690s, from anti- + Modern Latin scorbutus "scurvy" (see scorbutic). From 1725 as an adjective.
astronautics (n.): 1929, see astronaut + -ics.
attribution (n.): late 15c., "action of bestowing or assigning," from Middle French attribution (14c.), from Latin attributionem (nominative attributio) "an assignment, attribution," noun of action from past participle stem of attribuere (see attribute). Meaning "thing attributed" is recorded from 1580s.
attributive (adj.): c. 1600, from French attributif, from stem of Latin attributus (see attribute (v.)). As a noun, in grammar, from 1750. Related: Attributively; attributiveness.
autism (n.): 1912, from German Autismus, coined 1912 by Swiss psychiatrist Paul Bleuler (1857-1939) from comb. form of Greek autos- "self" (see auto-) + -ismos suffix of action or of state. The notion is of "morbid self-absorption."
autistic (adj.): 1912 (Bleuler), from autism (q.v.). Noun meaning "person with autism" is recorded from 1968 (earlier in this sense was autist).
beautician (n.): first recorded 1924, American English (the Cleveland, Ohio, telephone directory, to be precise), from beauty + ending as in technician. Beauty salon is from 1922, a substitution for prosaic beauty shop (1901).
beautification (n.): 1630s, from beauty + -fication.
beautiful (adj.): mid-15c., "pleasing to the eye," from beauty + -ful. The beautiful people "the fashionable set" first attested 1964 in (where else?) "Vogue" (it also was the title of a 1941 play by U.S. dramatist William Saroyan). House Beautiful is from "Pilgrim's Progress," where it is a proper name of a place. Related: Beautifully.
beautify (v.): mid-15c., "to make beautiful," from beauty + -fy. Intransitive sense, "to become beautiful," is recorded from 1590s. Related: Beautified; beautifying.
boutique (n.): "fashion shop," 1953, earlier "small shop of any sort" (1767), from French boutique (14c.), from Old Provençal botica, from Latin apotheca "storehouse" (see apothecary). Latin apotheca directly into French normally would have yielded *avouaie.
brutish (adj.): 1530s, "pertaining to animals," from brute (n.) + -ish. In reference to human brutes, from 1550s. Related: Brutishly; brutishness.
caution (n.): c. 1300, "bail, guarantee, pledge," from Old French caution "security, surety" (13c.), from Latin cautionem (nominative cautio) "caution, care, foresight, precaution," noun of action from past participle stem of cavere "to be on one's guard" (see caveat). The Latin sense re-emerged in English 16c.-17c. Meaning "word of warning" is from c. 1600.
caution (v.): "to warn," 1640s, from caution (n.). Related: Cautioned; cautioning.
cautionary (adj.): "conveying a warning," 1590s, from caution (n.) + -ary.
cautious (adj.): 1640s, from caution + -ous. The Latin word for this was cautus "careful, heedful." Related: Cautiously; cautiousness.
circumlocution (n.): c. 1400, from Latin circumlocutionem (nominative circumlocutio) "a speaking around" (the topic), from circum- "around" (see circum-) + locutionem (nominative locutio) "a speaking," noun of action from past participle stem of loqui "to speak" (see locution). A loan-translation of Greek periphrasis (see periphrasis).
circumvolution (n.): mid-15c., noun of action from past participle stem of Latin circumvolvere "to revolve through, to roll around" (see circumvolve).
coevolution (n.): also co-evolution, 1965, from co- + evolution; supposedly introduced by Paul Ehrlich and Peter Raven in a study of the relationship between caterpillars and plants.
consecutive (adj.): 1610s, from French consécutif (16c.), from Medieval Latin consecutivus, from Latin consecutus "following closely," past participle of consequi (see consequence). Related: Consecutively.
constitution (n.): mid-14c., "law, regulation, edict," from Old French constitucion (12c.) "constitution, establishment," and directly from Latin constitutionem (nominative constitutio) "act of settling, settled condition, anything arranged or settled upon, regulation, order, ordinance," from constitut-, past participle stem of constituere (see constitute).

Meaning "action of establishing" is from 1580s; that of "way in which a thing is constituted" is from c. 1600; that of "physical health, strength and vigor of the body" is from 1550s; of the mind, "temperament, character" from 1580s. Sense of "mode of organization of a state" is from c. 1600; that of "system of principles by which a community is governed" dates from 1730s; especially of a document of written laws since the U.S. and French constitutions, late 18c.
constitutional (adj.): 1680s, "pertaining to a person's (physical or mental) constitution," from constitution + -al (1). Meaning "beneficial to bodily constitution" is from 1750. Meaning "authorized or allowed by the political constitution" is from 1765. Constitutional monarchy is recorded from 1801, from French. Related: Constitutionally.
constitutional (n.): "a constitutional walk," 1829, probably originally among university students, from constitutional (adj.) in the "beneficial to bodily health" sense.
constitutionalism (n.): 1832, "constitutional system of government;" occasionally also "constitutionality;" from constitutional (adj.) + -ism.
constitutionality (n.): 1787, "quality of being in accord with a constitution," from constitutional (adj.) + -ity.
constitutive (adj.): c. 1600, "having the power of establishing," also "elemental, essential," from Medieval Latin *constitutivus, from constitut-, past participle stem of constituere (see constitute). Related: Constitutively.