lodestar (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict[lodestar 词源字典]
late 14c. (late 13c. as a surname), an old name for the pole star (compare Old Norse leiðarstjarna) as the star that "leads the way" in navigation; from lode (n.) + star (n.). Figurative use from late 14c.[lodestar etymology, lodestar origin, 英语词源]
Polaris (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1769, short for stella polaris, Modern Latin, literally "the pole star" (see polar). The ancient Greeks called it Phoenice, "the Phoenician (star)," because the Phoenicians used it for navigation, though due to precession of the equinoxes it was not then the pole star. Also see pole (n.2). The Old English word for it was Scip-steorra "ship-star," reflecting its importance in navigation. As the name of a U.S. Navy long-range submarine-launched guided nuclear missile, it dates from 1957.
Ursa MinoryoudaoicibaDictYouDict
"A northern constellation (the Little Bear), which contains the north celestial pole and the pole star Polaris. The brightest stars form a shape that is also known as the Little Dipper", Latin.