英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

battalion [battalion 词源字典]: battalion: see battle
[battalion etymology, battalion origin, 英语词源]
retaliate: retaliate: [17] To retaliate is etymologically to give someone ‘so much’ or an equal amount in return for what they have given you. Its ultimate source is Latin tālis ‘suchlike’ (source of French tel ‘such’). This formed the basis of a noun tāliō ‘punishment equal in severity to the wrong that occasioned it’, which was combined with the prefix re- ‘back’ to create the verb retaliāre ‘repay in kind’ – whence English retaliate.
talisman: talisman: [17] Talisman, one of the very few English nouns ending in -man which does not turn into -men in the plural (dragoman is another), denotes etymologically an ‘object consecrated by the completion of a religious ritual’. It comes via French talisman from medieval Greek télesmon, an alteration of late Greek télesma ‘consecrated object’. This in turn was derived from the verb teleín ‘complete’, hence ‘perform a ritual’, hence ‘consecrate’, which was based on télos ‘aim, result’ (source of English teleology [18]).
=> teleology, television
tantalize: tantalize: [16] The verb tantalize was inspired by the sad story of Tantalus, a mythical king of Phrygia in the ancient world. He had displeased the gods in some way (versions differ as to how, the commonest being that he had stolen their food), and as a punishment he was condemned to stand for ever in water up to his chin, while overhead hung boughs laden with fruit: whenever he stooped to drink, the water disappeared, and when he tried to reach the fruit, the wind blew it away. The term tantalus, coined in the 19th century for a lockable decanter stand whose contents can be seen but not got at, preserves the same idea.
battalion (n.): 1580s, from Middle French bataillon (16c.), from Italian battaglione "battle squadron," from diminutive of Vulgar Latin battalia "battle," from Latin bauttere "to beat" (see batter (v.)). Specific sense of "part of a regiment" is from 1708.
Madame, lui répondit-il, ne vous y fiez pas: j'ay tôujours vû Dieu do coté des gros Batallions. [E.Boursault, 1702]
brutality (n.): 1630s, "savage cruelty, inhuman behavior," from brutal + -ity. Literal sense "condition or state of a brute" is from 1711.
capitalise (v.): chiefly British English spelling of capitalize (q.v.). For suffix, see -ize.
capitalism (n.): 1854, "condition of having capital;" from capital (n.1) + -ism. Meaning "political/economic system which encourages capitalists" is recorded from 1872.
capitalist (n.): 1791, "man of money," from French capitaliste, a coinage of the Revolution and a term of reproach; see capital (n.1) + -ist. Related: Capitalistic.
capitalization (n.): 1860, "act of converting (assets) to capital," noun of action from capitalize in the financial sense. Meaning "act of writing or printing in capital letters" is recorded from 1864.
capitalize (v.): "write or print in capital letters," 1764, from capital (n.1) + -ize. Meaning "to convert (assets) to capital" is recorded from 1868. Related: Capitalized; capitalizing.
compartmentalization (n.): 1923, from compartmentalize + -ation.
compartmentalize (v.): 1918, from compartmental + -ize. Related: Compartmentalized; compartmentalizing.
continentality (n.): 1897, a term in meteorology, from German kontinentalität (1895), from Latin continentem (see continent (adj.)).
digitalis (n.): 1660s, Modern Latin translation of German fingerhut, the German name of "foxglove," literally "thimble." Named by Fuchs (1542), and so called for its shape. The medicine (originally extracted from the plant) is so called from 1799.
environmentalism (n.): 1923, as a psychological theory (in the nature vs. nurture debate), from environmental + -ism. The ecological sense is from 1972. Related: Environmentalist (n.), 1916 in the psychological sense, 1970 in the ecological sense.
fatalism (n.): 1670s as a philosophical doctrine that all things are determined by fate, from fatal + -ism. Meaning "disposition to accept all conditions and events as inevitable" is from 1734.
fatalist (n.): 1640s, adherent of the philosophical doctrine that all things are determined by fate; from fatal + -ist. General sense of "one who accepts every condition and event as inevitable" is from 1734.
fatalistic (adj.): "savoring of fatalism," 1757, from fatalist + -ic.
fatality (n.): late 15c., "quality of causing death," from French fatalité, from Late Latin fatalitatem (nominative fatalitas) "fatal necessity, fatality," from Latin fatalis "ordained by fate; destructive, deadly" (see fatal). Senses in 16c.-17c. included "determined by fate" and "a destiny." Meaning "an occurrence resulting in widespread death" is from 1840. Related: Fatalities.
fundamentalism (n.): 1920 in the religious sense; see fundamentalist + -ism.
fundamentalist (adj.): 1920 in the religious sense, from fundamental + -ist. Coined in American English to name a movement among Protestants c. 1920-25 based on scriptural inerrancy, etc., and associated with William Jennings Bryan, among others. The original notion might have been of "fundamental truths."
Fundamentalism is a protest against that rationalistic interpretation of Christianity which seeks to discredit supernaturalism. This rationalism, when full grown, scorns the miracles of the Old Testament, sets aside the virgin birth of our Lord as a thing unbelievable, laughs at the credulity of those who accept many of the New Testament miracles, reduces the resurrection of our Lord to the fact that death did not end his existence, and sweeps away the promises of his second coming as an idle dream. It matters not by what name these modernists are known. The simple fact is that, in robbing Christianity of its supernatural content, they are undermining the very foundations of our holy religion. They boast that they are strengthening the foundations and making Christianity more rational and more acceptable to thoughtful people. Christianity is rooted and grounded in supernaturalism, and when robbed of supernaturalism it ceases to be a religion and becomes an exalted system of ethics. [Curtis Lee Laws, "Herald & Presbyter," July 19, 1922]
Fundamentalist is said (by George McCready Price) to have been first used in print by Curtis Lee Laws (1868-1946), editor of "The Watchman Examiner," a Baptist newspaper. The movement may have roots in the Presbyterian General Assembly of 1910, which drew up a list of five defining qualities of "true believers" which other evangelicals published in a mass-circulation series of books called "The Fundamentals." A World's Christian Fundamentals Association was founded in 1918. The words reached widespread use in the wake of the contentious Northern Baptist Convention of 1922 in Indianapolis. In denominational use, fundamentalist was opposed to modernist. Applied to other religions since 1956 (earliest extension is to the Muslim Brotherhood).
A new word has been coined into our vocabulary -- two new words -- 'Fundamentalist' and 'Fundamentalism.' They are not in the dictionaries as yet -- unless in the very latest editions. But they are on everyone's tongue. [Address Delivered at the Opening of the Seminary, Sept. 20, 1922, by Professor Harry Lathrop Reed, "Auburn Seminary Record"]
genitalia (n.): "the genital organs," 1876, Modern Latin, from Latin genitalia (membra), neuter plural of genitalis "genital, pertaining to generation or birth" (see genital). The Latin word also yielded, with change of suffix, French génitoires (12c.), hence Middle English and early Modern English genitors "genitals."
governmentalism (n.): "disposition to enlarge the power and scope of the government," 1841, from governmental + -ism; originally in reference to France and perhaps from French.
Besides this, it is a well known fact, one made sufficiently clear by the history of the United States, that the less governmentalism there is in a country, the better it is for the citizens as to their material interests. A very complicated governmental apparatus, when, especially, it is useless, is and can be only hurtful to the interests of the mass of the people. [Amedee H. Simonin, "Resumption of Specie Payments," 1868]
Related: Governmentalist.
hospitality (n.): late 14c., "act of being hospitable," from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitalitem (nominative hospitalitas) "friendliness to guests," from hospes (genitive hospitis) "guest" (see host (n.1)).
hospitalization (n.): 1873, noun of action from hospitalize.
hospitalize (v.): 1873, from hospital + -ize. "Freq[uently] commented on as an unhappy formation" [OED]. Related: hospitalized; hospitalizing.
immortality (n.): mid-14c., "deathlessness," from Old French immortalité (13c.) and directly from Latin immortalitatem (nominative immortalitas) "deathlessness, endless life," from immortalis (see immortal). Sense of "everlasting fame" is from 1530s.
immortalization (n.): c. 1600, noun of action or state from immortalize.
immortalize (v.): 1560s, from immortal + -ize. Perhaps modeled on Middle French immortaliser. Related: Immortalized; immortalizing.
instrumentalist (n.): 1823, from instrumental in the musical sense + -ist.
Italian (n.): early 15c., "native of Italy," from Italian Italiano, from Italia "Italy" (see Italy). As an adjective from 1640s.
Italianate (adj.): 1570s, from Italian Italianato "rendered Italian," from Italiano (see Italian).
italic: 1610s (adj.), 1670s (n.) "italic type," from Latin italicus "Italian" (see Italian); so called because it was introduced in 1501 by Aldus Manutius, printer of Venice (who also gave his name to Aldine), and first used in an edition of Virgil dedicated to Italy. Earlier (1570s) the word was used for the plain, sloping style of handwriting, as opposed to Gothic. Related: Italics.
italicize (v.): "to print in italics" (for emphasis, etc.), 1795, from italic + -ize. Related: Italicized; italicizing.
lex talionis: 1590s, Latin, "law of retaliation," from talionis, genitive of talio (see retaliation); an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
mentalist (n.): 1782, from mental + -ist. Originally in reference to artistic taste; philosophical sense (from mentalism) is from 1900. Related: mentalistic.
mentality (n.): 1690s, from mental (adj.) + -ity. Rare before 20c.
monumentalize (v.): 1857, from monmental + -ize. Related: Monumentalized; monumentalizing.
mortality (n.): mid-14c., "condition of being mortal," from Old French mortalite "massacre, slaughter; fatal illness; poverty; destruction" (12c.), from Latin mortalitem (nominative mortalitas) "state of being mortal; subjection to death," from mortalis (see mortal (adj.)). Meaning "widespread death" is from c. 1400; meaning "number of deaths from some cause or in a given period" is from 1640s.
Natalie: fem. proper name, from French Natalie, from Church Latin Natalia, from Latin (dies) natalis "birthday," in Church Latin, "Christmas Day," so probably originally a name for one born on Christmas.
natality (n.): late 15c., "birth," from natal + -ity. Sense of "birth rate" is from 1884, from French natalité, used in the same sense.
Orientalism (n.): in reference to character, style, trait, or idiom felt to be from the Orient, 1769, from oriental + -ism. Related: Orientalist.
retaliate (v.): 1610s, from Latin retaliatus, past participle of retaliare "requite, retaliate" (see retaliation). Related: Retaliated; retaliating.
retaliation (n.): 1580s, noun of action from Late Latin retaliare "pay back in kind," from re- "back" (see re-) + Latin talio "exaction of payment in kind," from or influenced by talis "suchlike" (see that). Originally used both in good and evil senses.
retaliatory (adj.): 1783; see retaliate + -ory. Alternative retaliative attested from 1819.
revitalization (n.): 1869, noun of action from revitalize.
revitalize (v.): 1840, from re- "back, again" + vitalize. Related: Revitalized; revitalizing.
Ritalin (n.): proprietary name (Ciba Ltd., originally in Switzerland) for drug methylphenidate hydrochloride, copyrighted 1948, years before the drug itself was marketed.
sentimentalism (n.): 1801, from sentimental + -ism.