quword 趣词
Word Origins Dictionary
- should
- should: [OE] Should started life as the past tense of shall. It preserves the word’s original connotations of ‘obligation’ which have all but disappeared from shall.
=> shall - shoulder
- shoulder: [OE] Shoulder is a general West Germanic word, with relatives in German schulter and Dutch schouder (it was also borrowed into Swedish and Danish as skuldra and skulder respectively). It goes back to a prehistoric *skuldr-, but where this came from is not clear. One suggestion is that it is distantly related to English shield, and originally denoted ‘shoulder-blade’ (the underlying meaning being ‘flat piece’).
- shout
- shout: [14] The origins of shout are disputed. One school of thought traces it back to the prehistoric Germanic base *skeut-, *skaut-, *skut- ‘project’ (source of English sheet and shoot), as if its etymological meaning were ‘throw one’s voice out forcibly’, while another views it as a borrowing from Old Norse skúta ‘taunt’, which may be a distant relative of Greek kudázein ‘abuse’.
- almshouse (n.)
- mid-15c., from alms + house (n.).
- anguishous (adj.)
- early 13c., from Old French angoissos, from angoisse (see anguish (n.)). Related: Anguishously.
- cold shoulder (n.)
- 1816, in the figurative sense of "icy reception," first in Sir Walter Scott, probably originally a literal figure, but commonly used with a punning reference to "cold shoulder of mutton," considered a poor man's dish and thus, perhaps, something one would set out for an unwanted guest with deliberate intention to convey displeasure.
How often have we admired the poor knight, who, to avoid the snares of bribery and dependence, was found making a second dinner from a cold shoulder of mutton, above the most affluent courtier, who had sold himself to others for a splendid pension! ["No Fiction," 1820]
- should
- c. 1200, from Old English sceolde, past tense of sceal (see shall). Preserves the original notion of "obligation" that has all but dropped from shall.
- shoulda
- verbal phrase, 1902, representing casual (American) pronunciation of should have.
- shoulder (n.)
- Old English sculdor "shoulder," from West Germanic *skuldro (cognates: Middle Dutch scouder, Dutch schouder, Old Frisian skoldere, Middle Low German scholder, Old High German scultra, German Schulter), of unknown origin, perhaps related to shield (n.). Meaning "edge of the road" is attested from 1933. Cold shoulder (Neh. ix:29) translates Latin humerum recedentum dare in Vulgate (but see cold shoulder). Shoulder-length, of hair, is from 1951.
- shoulder (v.)
- c. 1300, "to push with the shoulder," from shoulder (n.). Meaning "take a burden" first recorded 1580s. The military sense is from 1590s. Related: Shouldered; shouldering.
- shout (v.)
- c. 1300, schowten "to call or cry out loudly," of unknown origin; perhaps from the root of shoot (v.) on the notion of "throw the voice out loudly," or related to Old Norse skuta "a taunt" (compare scout (v.2)). Related: Shouted; shouting.
- shout (n.)
- late 14c., from shout (v.).