英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

shore: shore: English has two words shore. The one meaning ‘land at the water’s edge’ [14] was borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German schōre, which probably came from the Germanic base *skur- ‘cut’ (source also of English score, shear, etc). Shore ‘support’ [14], as in ‘shore up’, comes from Middle Dutch schōren ‘prop’, a word of unknown origin.
=> share, shear, short
short: short: [OE] Etymologically, something that is short has been ‘cut off’. The word’s immediate Germanic ancestor was *skurtaz, which was descended from an extension of the Indo- European base *sker- ‘cut’ (source also of English score, share, shear, etc). Another version of the base, without the s, was the source of Latin curtus ‘short’, which has produced English curt and curtail, and also supplied the word for ‘short’ in the other Germanic languages (German kurz and Dutch, Swedish, and Danish kort), as well of course as the Romance languages (French court, Italian and Spanish corto, and Romanian scurt).

The shirt and the skirt are etymologically ‘short’ garments.
=> curt, curtail, score, share, shear, shore, short, skirt
alongshore (adj.): 1779, from along + shore (n.).
ashore (adv.): 1580s, "toward the shore," from a- (1) + shore (n.). Meaning "on the shore" is from 1630s. Middle English had ashore (late 15c.), but it meant "on a slant," literally "propped up," from shore (v.).
foreshorten (v.): c. 1600, from fore- + shorten. Related: Foreshortened; foreshortening.
hartshorn (n.): "ammonium carbonate," Old English heortes hornes, from hart + horn (n.). So called because a main early source of ammonia was the antlers of harts.
longshoreman (n.): 1811, shortening of alongshore + man (n.).
off-shore (adj.): also off shore, 1720, from off + shore (n.). American English use for "other than the U.S." is from 1948 and the Marshall Plan.
offshoring (n.): in the economic sense, as a form of outsourcing, attested by 1988, from offshore.
seashore (n.): also sea-shore, 1520s, from sea + shore (n.). Old English used særima "sea-rim," sæ-strande, etc.
shore (n.): "land bordering a large body of water," c. 1300, from an Old English word or from Middle Low German schor "shore, coast, headland," or Middle Dutch scorre "land washed by the sea," all probably from Proto-Germanic *skur-o- "cut," from PIE *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (see shear (v.)).

According to etymologists originally with a sense of "division" between land and water. But if the word began on the North Sea coast of the continent, it might as well have meant originally "land 'cut off' from the mainland by tidal marshes" (compare Old Norse skerg "an isolated rock in the sea," related to sker "to cut, shear"). Old English words for "coast, shore" were strand (n.), waroþ, ofer. Few Indo-European languages have such a single comprehensive word for "land bordering water" (Homer uses one word for sandy beaches, another for rocky headlands). General application to "country near a seacoast" is attested from 1610s.
shore (v.): mid-14c., "to prop, support with a prop;" of obscure etymology though widespread in Germanic (Middle Dutch schooren "to prop up, support," Old Norse skorða (n.) "a piece of timber set up as a support"). Related: Shored; shoring. Also as a noun, "post or beam for temporary support of something" (mid-15c.), especially an oblique timber to brace the side of a building or excavation.
shoreline (n.): also shore-line, 1852 in the geographical sense, from shore (n.) + line (n.).
shorn (adj.): "shaven," late Old English scoren, past participle adjective from shear (v.).
short (adj.): Old English sceort, scort "short, not long, not tall; brief," probably from Proto-Germanic *skurta- (cognates: Old Norse skorta "to be short of," skort "shortness;" Old High German scurz "short"), from PIE root *(s)ker- (1) "to cut," with notion of "something cut off" (cognates: Sanskrit krdhuh "shortened, maimed, small;" Latin curtus "short," cordus "late-born," originally "stunted in growth;" Old Church Slavonic kratuku, Russian korotkij "short;" Lithuanian skurstu "to be stunted," skardus "steep;" Old Irish cert "small," Middle Irish corr "stunted, dwarfish").

Meaning "having an insufficient quantity" is from 1690s. Meaning "rude" is attested from late 14c. Meaning "easily provoked" is from 1590s; perhaps the notion is of being "not long in tolerating." Short fuse in figurative sense of "quick temper" first attested 1968. To fall short is from archery. Short run "relatively brief period of time" is from 1879. Short story first recorded 1877. To make short work of "dispose of quickly" is first attested 1570s. Phrase short and sweet is from 1530s. To be short by the knees (1733) was to be kneeling; to be short by the head (1540s) was to be beheaded.
short (n.): 1580s, the short "the result, the total," from short (adj.). Meaning "electrical short circuit" first recorded 1906 (see short circuit). Meaning "contraction of a name or phrase" is from 1873 (as in for short). Slang meaning "car" is attested from 1897; originally "street car," so called because street cars (or the rides taken in them) were "shorter" than railroad cars.
short (v.): Old English sceortian "to grow short, become short; run short, fail," from the source of short (adj.). Transitive meaning "make short" is from late 12c. Meaning "to short-circuit" is by 1904. Related: Shorted; shorting.
short circuit (n.): also short-circuit, 1854, in electricity, from short (adj.) + circuit (n.). As a verb, introduce a shunt of low resistance," from 1867; intransitive sense from 1902; in the figurative sense is recorded by 1899. Related: short-circuited; short-circuiting.
short-change (v.): also shortchange, "to cheat by giving too little change to," 1903, from adjectival expression short-change (with man, trick, etc.), 1901, from short (adj.) + change (n.).
short-handed (adj.): "having too few 'hands,'" 1794, from short (adj.) + -handed. The ice hockey sense is attested from 1939.
short-lived (adj.): 1580s, from short (adj.) + past tense of live (v.).
short-order (adj.): of restaurants, from 1897, from adverbial expression in short order "rapidly, with no fuss," from short (adj.) + order (n.).
short-sighted (adj.): also shortsighted, 1640s, of eyesight, "myopic;" 1620s in the sense "lacking foresight;" see short (adj.) + sight (n.). Related: Shortsightedly; shortsightedness.
short-sleeve (n.): 1630s, from short (adj.) + sleeve. First recorded in an ordinance of Massachusetts Bay colony, forbidding "short sleeves, whereby the nakedness of the arme may be discovered."
short-term (adj.): 1901, from short (adj.) + term (n.).
short-timer (n.): "one whose term or enlistment is about to expire," 1906, from short (adj.) + time (n.) + agent noun ending -er (1).
short-wave (adj.): in reference to radio wavelength less than c.100 meters, 1907, from short (adj.) + wave (n.).
shortage (n.): 1862, American English, from short + -age.
shortbread (n.): also short-bread, 1755, from short (see shortening) + bread (n.).
shortcake (n.): also short-cake, 1590s, from short (see shortening) + cake (n.).
shortcoming (n.): 1670s, from the phrase to come short "be inadequate" (1570s); see short (adj.). Related: Shortcomings.
shortcut (n.): also short-cut, "path not as long as the ordinary way," 1610s, from short (adj.) + cut (n.). Figurative use is attested earlier (1580s).
shorten (v.): 1510s, "make shorter;" 1560s, "grow shorter," from short (adj.) + -en (1); the earlier form of the verb was simply short, from Old English sceortian "to grow short, become short; run short, fail," gescyrtan "to make short."
shortening (n.): 1540s, "action of making short," verbal noun from shorten. Meaning "butter or other fat used in baking" (1796) is from shorten in the sense "make crumbly" (1733), from short (adj.) in the secondary sense of "easily crumbled" (early 15c.), which perhaps arose via the notion of "having short fibers." This is the short in shortbread and shortcake.
shortfall (n.): also short-fall, 1895; see short (adj.) + fall (v.).
shorthand (n.): method of rapid writing, 1636, from short (adj.) in the "rapid" sense + hand (n.) "handwriting."
shortlist (v.): "to place (someone) on the 'short list' " for advancement or preferment, 1955, from short list (n.) in this sense, which is attested by 1927.
shortly (adv.): Old English scortlice "briefly," also, in late Old English, "in short time;" from short (adj.) + -ly (2).
shortness (n.): Old English scortnes; see short (adj.) + -ness. Shortness of breath is from 1570s.
shorts (n.): "short pants," 1826, from short (adj.). Short-shorts is attested from 1946, originally men's briefs.
shortstop (n.): 1837, from short (adj.) + stop (n.). In cricket, there also is a longstop.
shorty (n.): "short person," 1888, from short (adj.) + -y (3).
unshorn (adj.): Old English unscoren; see un- (1) "not" + shorn (adj.).