英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

aperitif (n.): 1894, "alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite," from French apéritif "laxative, laxative liqueur," literally "opening," from Latin aperitivus, from aperire "to open" (see overt). Compare Middle English apertive (adj.), a medical word meaning "capable of opening or dilating" (pores, etc.), early 15c.
Foraminifera: 1835, Modern Latin, neuter plural of foraminifer "bearing holes," from Latin foramen "hole, opening, orifice" (see foramen) + -fer "bearing," from ferre "to bear" (see infer). So called because the shells usually are perforated by pores. Related: Foraminiferal.
fuzz (n.): 1590s, fusse, first attested in fusball "puff ball of tiny spores," of uncertain origin; perhaps a back-formation from fuzzy, if that word is older than the record of it. Meaning "the police" is American English, 1929, underworld slang; origin, signification, and connection to the older word unknown. Perhaps a variant of fuss, with a notion of "hard to please."
perspire (v.): 1640s, "to evaporate through the pores," a back-formation from perspiration and in part from Latin perspirare "to breathe, to blow constantly" (see perspiration). Meaning "to sweat" is a polite usage attested from 1725. Medical men tried to maintain a distinction between "sensible" (sweat) and "insensible" perspiration:
[I]t is sufficient for common use to observe, that perspiration is that insensible discharge of vapour from the whole surface of the body and the lungs which is constantly going on in a healthy state; that it is always natural and always salutary; that sweat, on the contrary, is an evacuation, which never appears without some uncommon effort, or some disease to the system, that it weakens and relaxes, and is so far from coinciding with perspiration, that it obstructs and checks it. [Charles White, "A Treatise on the Management of Pregnant and Lying-in Women," London, 1791]
Related: Perspired; perspiring.
Porifera (n.): 1843, Modern Latin, literally "bearing pores," neuter plural of porifer, from Latin porus "pore, opening" (see pore (n.)) + -fer "bearing" (see infer). Related: Poriferal; poriferous.
porous (adj.): late 14c., "full of pores," from Old French poros (14c., Modern French poreux), from Medieval Latin porosus; or directly from Latin porus "an opening" (see pore (n.)). Figurative use from 1640s.
sporangium (n.): "a case containing spores," 1821, Modern Latin (plural sporangia), from Greek spora "spore" (see spore) + angeion "vessel" (see angio-).
ostiole: "(In some small algae and fungi) a small pore through which spores are discharged", Mid 19th century: from Latin ostiolum, diminutive of ostium 'opening'.
cep: "An edible European mushroom with a smooth brown cap, a stout white stalk, and pores rather than gills, growing in dry woodland and much sought after as a delicacy", Mid 19th century: from French cèpe, from Gascon cep 'tree trunk, mushroom', from Latin cippus 'stake'.
boletus: "A toadstool with pores rather than gills on the underside of the cap, typically having a thick stem", From Latin, from Greek bōlitēs, perhaps from bōlos 'lump'.
acidize: "To treat with acid, to acidify; specifically to inject acid into (a well) in order to enlarge pores in the surrounding rock and stimulate the flow of oil, water, etc", Mid 19th cent. From acid + -ize. Compare earlier acidized.
palynology: "The study of pollen grains and other spores, especially as found in archaeological or geological deposits. Pollen extracted from such deposits may be used for radiocarbon dating and for studying past climates and environments by identifying plants then growing", 1940s: from Greek palunein 'sprinkle' + -logy.
glomerulus: "A cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, especially a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule", Mid 19th century: modern Latin, diminutive of Latin glomus, glomer- 'ball of thread'.
astroplankton: "Hypothetical living material such as microorganisms or spores present in space, postulated as able to initiate or spread life on reaching a suitable environment", 1950s; earliest use found in John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892–1964), geneticist.
cancellous: "Denoting bone tissue with a mesh-like structure containing many pores, typical of the interior of mature bones", Mid 19th century: from Latin cancelli 'crossbars' + -ous.
guttation: "The secretion of droplets of water from the pores of plants", Late 19th century: from Latin gutta 'drop' + -ation.