英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

brownstone (n.): "dark sandstone," 1858, from brown (adj.) + stone (n.). As "house or building fronted with brownstone" from 1948.
downscale (v.): 1945, American English, from down (adv.) + scale (v.). From 1966 as an adjective.
downside (n.): 1680s, "underside," from down (adv.) + side. Meaning "drawback, negative aspect" is attested by 1995.
downsize (v.): 1986 in reference to companies shedding jobs; earlier (1975) in reference to U.S. automakers building smaller cars and trucks (supposedly a coinage at General Motors), from down (adv.) + size (v.). Related: Downsized; downsizing.
downspout (n.): 1896, from down (adv.) + spout (n.).
downstairs (adv., adj.): 1590s, from down (adv.) + stairs (see stair).
downstream (adv., adj.): 1706, from down (prep.) + stream (n.).
township (n.): Old English tunscipe "inhabitants or population of a town;" see town + -ship. Applied in Middle English to "manor, parish, or other division of a hundred." Specific sense of "local division or district in a parish, each with a village or small town and its own church" is from 1530s; as a local municipal division of a county in U.S. and Canada, first recorded 1685. In South Africa, "area set aside for non-whites" from 1934.
townspeople (n.): 1640s, from genitive of town + people.
unbeknownst (adj.): 1833, vulgar formation from unbeknown (1630s). No clear reason for the -st, but since 19c. this has become the dominant form.