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make [make 词源字典]: make: [OE] Make probably goes back ultimately to an Indo-European base *mag- denoting ‘kneading’ (also the source of Greek mágma ‘salve made by kneading’, from which English gets magma [15]). A prehistoric Germanic descendant was *mako- (source of English match ‘go together’). From this was derived the West Germanic verb *makōjan, which over the centuries differentiated into German machen, Dutch maken, and English make. Make was not a particularly common verb in Old English (gewyrcan, ancestor of modern English work, was the most usual way of expressing the notion ‘make’), but in the Middle English period its use proliferated.
=> magma, match[make etymology, make origin, 英语词源]
makeshift: makeshift: see shift
automaker (n.): "manufacturer of automobiles," 1925, from auto + maker.
boilermaker (n.): "a maker of boilers for engines," 1814, from boiler (n.) + maker. Meaning "shot of whiskey with a glass of beer" is short for boilermaker's delight (1910), strong cheap whiskey, so called in jest from the notion that it would clean the scales from the interior of a boiler.
bookmaker (n.): also book-maker, 1510s, "printer and binder of books," from book (n.) + agent noun from make (v.). The wagering sense is from 1862. Related: Book-making (late 15c., betting sense 1824).
cabinet-maker (n.): 1680s, from cabinet + maker.
film-maker (n.): also filmmaker, 1859 as a solution used in developing photographs, later "a producer of film for cameras" (by 1889), from film (n.) + maker. As "producer of a cinematographic work, movie-maker," from 1905.
haymaker (n.): mid-15c. as the name of an agricultural occupation, "one who cuts and dries grass" (hay-making is attested from c. 1400); 1910 in the sense of "very strong blow with the fist," from hay + agent noun of make; the punch probably so called for resemblance to the wide swinging stroke of a scythe. Haymaker punch attested from 1907.
homemaker (n.): also home-maker, "woman considered as a domestic agent," by 1861, American English, from home (n.) + agent noun from make (v.).
kingmaker (n.): also king-maker, 1590s, originally in reference to the 15c. Earl of Warwick.
lawmaker (n.): also law-maker, late 15c., from law + maker.
lovemaking (n.): "courtship," mid-15c., from love (n.) + make. Phrase make love is attested from 1570s in the sense "pay amorous attention to;" as a euphemism for "have sex," it is attested from c. 1950.
make (v.): Old English macian "to make, form, construct, do; prepare, arrange, cause; behave, fare, transform," from West Germanic *makon "to fashion, fit" (cognates: Old Saxon makon, Old Frisian makia "to build, make," Middle Dutch and Dutch maken, Old High German mahhon "to construct, make," German machen "to make"), from PIE *mag- "to knead, mix; to fashion, fit" (see macerate). If so, sense evolution perhaps is via prehistoric houses built of mud. Gradually replaced the main Old English word, gewyrcan (see work (v.)).

Meaning "to arrive at" (a place), first attested 1620s, originally was nautical. Formerly used in many places where specific verbs now are used, such as to make Latin (c. 1500) "to write Latin compositions." This broader usage survives in some phrases, such as to make water "to urinate," to make a book "arrange a series of bets" (1828), make hay "to turn over mown grass to expose it to sun." Make the grade is 1912, perhaps from the notion of railway engines going up an incline.
Read the valuable suggestions in Dr. C.V. Mosby's book -- be prepared to surmount obstacles before you encounter them -- equipped with the power to "make the grade" in life's climb. [advertisement for "Making the Grade," December 1916]
But the phrase also was in use in a schoolwork context at the time. Make do "manage with what is available" is attested from 1867. Make time "go fast" is 1849; make tracks in this sense is from 1834. To make a federal case out of (something) popularized in 1959 movie "Anatomy of a Murder;" to make an offer (one) can't refuse is from Mario Puzo's 1969 novel "The Godfather." To make (one's) day is from 1909; menacing make my day is from 1971, popularized by Clint Eastwood in film "Sudden Impact" (1983). Related: Made; making.
make (n.): "match, mate, companion" (now archaic or dialectal), from Old English gemaca "mate, equal; one of a pair, comrade; consort, husband, wife," from Proto-Germanic *gamakon-, related to Old English gemæcc "well-matched, suitable," macian "to make" (see make (v.)). Meaning "manner in which something is made, design, construction" is from c. 1300. Phrase on the make "intent on profit or advancement" is from 1869.
make out (v.): c. 1600, "get along," from make (v.) + out (adv.). Sense of "understand" is from 1640s; sexual sense first recorded 1939.
make up (v.): "end a quarrel, reconcile," 1660s, from make (v.) + up (adv.).
make-believe (n.): "pretence," 1811, from make (v.) + believe. As an adjective by 1824.
make-up (n.): also makeup, "manner in which something is put together," 1821, from make (v.) + up. Cosmetics sense is from 1886; verbal phrase make up "to apply cosmetics" is from 1808.
make-work: 1913 (adj.); 1937 (n.), "busy-work, activity of no value," American English, from the verbal expression to make work (see make (v.) + work (n.)).
A big fire devoured a street; "It will make work," I heard my father say; a ship was lost at sea laden with silk, and leather, and cloth; "It will make work," said my father; a reservoir broke jail, and swept the heart of the town away. "It will make work," my mother said; so all human calamities were softened blessings to me; they made "work," and work made wages, and wages made bread and potatoes, and clothes for me. ["The Radical Review," Chicago, Sept. 15, 1883]
makeless (adj.): early 13c., "peerless, without equal," from make (n.) + -less. Meaning "mateless, widowed" is from early 15c.
makeover (n.): also make-over, by 1981, from phrase make over in sense "to refashion" (1690s); from make (v.) + over (adv.).
maker (n.): c. 1300, "one who makes," also "God as creator," agent noun from make (v.). Specifically, "manufacturer" by late 14c. To meet (one's) maker "die" is attested by 1814.
makeshift: also make-shift, 1560s, as a noun, "shifty person, rogue," from make (v.) + shift (v.). Adjectival sense of "substitute" is first recorded 1680s. Compare make-sport "a laughing stock" (1610s).
makeweight (n.): also make-weight, 1690s, "small quantity of something added to make the total reach a certain weight," from make (v.) + weight.
MAKE WEIGHT. A small candle: a term applied to a little slender man. [Grose, "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," London, 1785]
mako (n.): "large blue shark," listed as 1727 in OED, from "The History of Japan," English translation of Engelbert Kaempfer's German manuscript; however this is claimed by some to be an error, and some say Kaempfer's word represents Japanese makkô(-kujira) "sperm whale." But the description in the text fits neither the shark nor the whale. The word is ultimately from Maori mako "shark, shark's tooth," which is of uncertain etymology. If the 1727 citation is an error, the earliest attested use is 1820, from a book on New Zealand languages.
matchmaker (n.): also match-maker, "marriage-broker," 1630s, from match (n.2) + maker. Related: Match-making.
merrymaking (n.): also merry-making, 1714; see merry + make (v.). Related: Merry-maker (1827).
money-maker (n.): c. 1400, "one who coins money," from money + maker. Meaning "thing which yields profit" is from 1899.
pacemaker (n.): also pace-maker, 1884, originally a rider or boat that sets the pace for others in training. Meaning "the node of the heart which determines the beat rate" is from 1910; sense of "man-made device for stimulating and regulating heartbeat" is from 1951. From pace (n.) + maker.
peacemaker (n.): early 15c., from peace + maker.
rainmaker (n.): also rain-maker, 1775, in reference to American Indian tribal magicians, from rain (n.) + agent noun of make (v.).
remake (v.): 1630s, from re- "back, again" + make (v.). Related: Remade; remaking. As a noun, of movies, from 1936.
shoemaker (n.): late 14c. (mid-14c. as a surname), from shoe (n.) + maker.
staymaker (n.): also stay-maker, from stays + maker.
troublemaker (n.): also trouble-maker, 1843, from trouble (n.) + maker.
unmake (v.): late 14c., "bring down, dethrone;" early 15c., "undo, destroy, reduce to an unmade state," from un- (2) "reverse, opposite of" + make (v.). Similar formation in Middle Dutch ontmaken, German entmachen.
unmaking (n.): "ruin, destruction," 1590s, verbal noun from unmake (v.).
watchmaker (n.): 1620s, from watch (n.) in the "timepiece" sense + maker.
widow-maker (n.): "something lethally dangerous" (war, the sea, dangerous machinery, etc.), 1590s, from widow (n.) + maker.
yashmak: "A veil concealing all of the face except the eyes, worn by some Muslim women in public", Mid 19th century: via Arabic from Turkish.