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adjust (v.): late 14c., ajusten, "to correct, remedy;" reborrowed by c. 1600 in sense "arrange, settle, compose," from Middle French adjuster, Old French ajouter "to join" (12c.), from Late Latin adiuxtare "to bring near," from Latin ad- "to" (see ad-) + iuxta "next," related to iungere "to join" (see jugular).

Influenced by folk etymology derivation from Latin iustus "just, equitable, fair." Meaning "to arrange (something) so as to conform with (a standard or another thing)" is from 1660s. Insurance sense is from 1755. Meaning "to get used to" first recorded 1924. Related: Adjusted; adjusting.
re-adjust (v.): also readjust, 1742, from re- "back, again" + adjust. Related: Readjusted; readjusting.
affeer: "To determine, decide, assess; ( Law ) to fix or settle the amount of (a fine or amercement), typically by adjusting a generally prescribed penalty according to the particular circumstances of an offender and his or her offence; to settle the amount to be paid by (a person); to perform this task for (a certain community or region)", Middle English. From Anglo-Norman aferer, affeerer, afferer, affurer, afurer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French affeurer, Middle French afeurer (also Anglo-Norman affoerer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French afforer, Old French, Middle French aforer; French †affeurer, †afforer) to determine the value of (goods, or a weight or measure), to tax (someone), to fix the amount of (an amercement) from post-classical Latin afforare to assess, to appraise, fix the price of from classical Latin af-, variant of ad- + forum market, in post-classical Latin also market price.