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hypnosis [hypnosis 词源字典]: hypnosis: [19] Húpnos was Greek for ‘sleep’. From it was derived the adjective hūpnotikós ‘sleepy, narcotic’, which English acquired via Latin and French as hypnotic [17]. At first this was used only with reference to sleep-inducing drugs, but then in the late 18th and early 19th centuries the techniques of inducing deep sleep or trance by suggestion were developed.

Early terms for the procedure included animal magnetism and mesmerism (see MESMERIZE), and then in 1842 Dr James Braid coined neurohypnotism for what he called the ‘condition of nervous sleep’. By the end of the 1840s this had become simply hypnotism. Hypnosis was coined in the 1870s as an alternative, on the model of a hypothetical Greek *hypnosis.
[hypnosis etymology, hypnosis origin, 英语词源]
hypochondria: hypochondria: [16] Originally, hypochondria was an anatomical term, denoting the ‘area of the abdomen beneath the ribs’. It comes via Latin from Greek hupokhóndrion, a compound noun formed from the prefix hupo- ‘under’ and khóndros ‘cartilage’. This particular part of the body was formerly supposed to be the seat of melancholy, and so in the 17th century the word came to be used for ‘low spirits, depression’. The modern sense ‘belief of being ill’ originally be longed to the derived hypochondriasis [18], but was transferred in the 19th century to hypochondria.
hypocrite: hypocrite: [13] Etymologically, a hypocrite is someone who is ‘playing a part’, merely pretending. The word comes via Old French ypocrite and late Latin hypocrita from Greek hupokritēs ‘actor, hypocrite’. This was a derivative of hupokrínein, a compound verb formed from the prefix hupo- ‘under’ and krínein ‘separate’, which originally meant literally ‘separate gradually’, and eventually passed via ‘answer’ and ‘answer one’s fellow actor on stage’ to ‘play a part’, and hence ‘pretend’.
hypotenuse: hypotenuse: [16] The hypotenuse is etymologically a line that is ‘stretched under’ the right angle of a triangle. The word comes via Latin hypotēnūsa from Greek hupoteínousa, a derivative of hupoteínein. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix hupo- ‘under’ and teínein ‘stretch’ (a relative of English tend, tense, etc).
=> tend, tense
hype (n.): "excessive or misleading publicity or advertising," 1967, American English (the verb is attested from 1937), probably in part a back-formation of hyperbole, but also from underworld slang sense "swindle by overcharging or short-changing" (1926), a back-formation of hyper "short-change con man" (1914), from prefix hyper- meaning "over, to excess." Also possibly influenced by drug addicts' slang hype, 1913 shortening of hypodermic needle. Related: Hyped; hyping. In early 18c., hyp "morbid depression of the spirits" was colloquial for hypochondria (usually as the hyp or the hyps).
hyper (adj.): 1942 as a colloquial shortening of hyperactive.
hyper-: word-forming element meaning "over, above, beyond, exceedingly, to excess," from Greek hyper (prep. and adv.) "over, beyond, overmuch, above measure," from PIE super- "over" (see super-).
hyperactive (adj.): 1852, from hyper- + active.
hyperactivity (n.): 1852, from hyper- + activity.
hyperbaric (adj.): 1930, from hyper- + Greek barys "heavy," from PIE root *gwere- (2) "heavy" (see grave (adj.)) + -ic.
hyperbaton (n.): 1570s, "figure of speech in which the natural order of words or phrases is inverted, especially for the sake of emphasis," from Greek hyperbaton, literally "overstepping," from hyper "over" + bainein "to step" (see come).
hyperbola (n.): 1660s, from Latinized form of Greek hyperbole "extravagance," literally "a throwing beyond" (see hyperbole). Perhaps so called because the inclination of the plane to the base of the cone exceeds that of the side of the cone.
hyperbole (n.): early 15c., from Latin hyperbole, from Greek hyperbole "exaggeration, extravagance," related to hyperballein "to throw over or beyond," from hyper- "beyond" + bole "a throwing, a casting, the stroke of a missile, bolt, beam," from bol-, nominative stem of ballein "to throw" (see ballistics). Rhetorical sense is found in Aristotle and Isocrates.
hyperbolic (adj.): 1640s (iperbolical is from early 15c.), from Greek hyperbolikos "extravagant," from hyperbole "extravagance," literally "a throwing beyond" (see hyperbole). Geometric sense is from 1670s. Related: Hyperbolically.
hyperborean (adj.): 1590s, from Late Latin hyperboreanus, from Latin hyperboreus, from Greek hyperboreos "pertaining to the regions of the far north," from hyper (see hyper-) + Boreas (see boreal). The Hyperboreans were an imagined Arctic people believed by the ancients to be distinguished by piety and happiness. Middle English had iperborie "the far north of the Earth" (mid-15c.).
hypercritical (adj.): c. 1600, from hyper- + critical.
hyperdrive (n.): by 1955, an invented word of science fiction writers to describe anything that can power a space craft faster than the speed of light. See hyper- + drive (n.).
hyperextend (v.): 1863, from hyper- + extend. Related: Hyperextended; hyperextending.
hyperglycemia (n.): 1875, from hyper- "over" + glycemia "presence of sugar in the blood."
hyperinflation (n.): 1930 in the economic sense, from hyper- + inflation. Earlier as a medical term in treatment of lung diseases.
Hyperion: a Titan, son of Uranus and Gaea, later identified with Apollo, from Greek, literally "he who looks from above."
hyperkinetic (adj.): 1880, from hyper- + kinetic. Perhaps immediately from French hyperkinetic (1874). Related: Hyperkinesis.
hyperlink (n.): by 1987, from hyper- + link (n.).
hyperopia (n.): 1884, Modern Latin, from hyper- + Greek ops "eye" (see eye).
hyperplasia (n.): 1861, from Modern Latin hyperplasia, from hyper- + -plasia.
hypersensitive (adj.): 1827, a hybrid from hyper- + sensitive. Related: Hypersensitivity.
hyperspace (n.): "space of more than three dimensions," 1867, from hyper- + space (n.). A hybrid; correctly formed it would be superspace.
hypertension (n.): 1863, from hyper- + tension. Originally in medical use; of emotions or nerves, from 1936.
hypertext (n.): 1969, from hyper- + text (n.).
hyperthermia (n.): 1878, medical Latin, from hyper- + Greek therme "heat" (see thermal) + abstract noun ending -ia.
hyperthyroidism (n.): 1895, from hyper- + thyroid + -ism.
hypertonic: 1855, from hyper- + tonic. Related: Hypertonia; hypertonicity.
hypertrophy (n.): 1821, from hyper- + Greek -trophe "nourishment" (see -trophy). Related: Hypertrophic.
hyperventilate (v.): "breathe deeply and rapidly," 1931, from hyper- + ventilate. Related: Hyperventilated; hyperventilating.
hyperventilation (n.): 1907, from hyper- + ventilation. Earlier as a type of treatment for lung diseases.
hypervigilance (n.): 1917, from hyper- + vigilance. Related: Hypervigilant.
hypha (n.): 1866, from Modern Latin plural hyphae (1810), from Greek hyphe (singular) "web."
hyphen (n.): 1620s, from Late Latin hyphen, from Greek hyphen "mark joining two syllables or words," probably indicating how they were to be sung, noun use of an adverb meaning "together, in one," literally "under one," from hypo "under" (see sub-) + hen, neuter of heis "one."
hyphenate (v.): 1881, from hyphen + -ate (2). The earlier verb was simply hyphen (1814). Related: Hyphenated; hyphenating. Hyphenated American is attested from 1889.
hyphenation (n.): 1881, from hyphen + -ation. Hyphenization is attested from 1851.
hypnagogic (adj.): 1868, from French hypnagogique, from Greek hypnos "sleep" (see somnolence) + agogos "leading" (see act). Etymologically, "inducing sleep," but used mostly with a sense "pertaining to the state of consciousness when falling asleep."
hypno-: word-forming element meaning "sleep," from Greek hypno-, comb. form of hypnos "sleep" (see somnolence).
hypnopedia (n.): also hypnopaedia, "sleep-learning," 1932, from Greek hypnos "sleep" (see somnolence) + paideia "education" (see pedo-).
hypnopompic (adj.): pertaining to the state of consciousness when awaking from sleep, 1901, from hypno- "sleep" + Greek pompe "sending away," from pempein "to send."
hypnosis (n.): 1869, "the coming on of sleep," coined (as an alternative to hypnotism) from Greek hypnos "sleep" (see somnolence) + -osis "condition." Of an artificially induced condition, from 1880.
hypnotherapy (n.): 1897, from hypno- + therapy. Related: Hypnotherapist.
hypnotic (adj.): 1620s, "inducing sleep," originally used of drugs, from French hypnotique (16c.) "inclined to sleep, soporific," from Late Latin hypnoticus, from Greek hypnotikos "inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, sleepy," from hypnoun "put to sleep," from hypnos "sleep" (see somnolence). Modern sense of "pertaining to an induced trance" first recorded in English 1843, along with hypnotist, hypnotize, both coined by Dr. James Braid. Related: Hypnotical; hypnotically.
hypnotise (v.): alternative spelling of hypnotize; for suffix, see -ize. Related: Hypnotised; hypnotising.
hypnotism (n.): 1843, short for neuro-hypnotism (1842), coined by Dr. James Braid of Manchester, England, from hypnotic + -ism. In the same work (1843) Braid coined the verb hypnotize.
hypnotist (n.): 1843; see hypnotic + -ist.