英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

hospital [hospital 词源字典]: hospital: [13] Like hospices, hostels, and hotels, hospitals were originally simply places at which guests were received. The word comes via Old French hospital from medieval Latin hospitāle, a noun use of the adjective hospitālis ‘of a guest’. This in turn was derived from hospit-. the stem of Latin hospes ‘guest, host’.

In English, hospital began its semantic shift in the 15th century, being used for a ‘home for the elderly or infirm, or for down-and-outs’; and the modern sense ‘place where the sick are treated’ first appeared in the 16th century. The original notion of ‘receiving guests’ survives, of course, in hospitality [14] and hospitable [16]. Hospice [19] comes via French from Latin hospitium ‘hospitality’, another derivative of hospes.
=> hospice, hospitable, host, hostel, hotel[hospital etymology, hospital origin, 英语词源]
hospitable (adj.): 1560s, from Middle French hospitable, from Latin hospitari "be a guest," from hospes (genitive hospitis) "guest" (see host (n.1)). Related: Hospitably.
hospital (n.): mid-13c., "shelter for the needy," from Old French hospital, ospital "hostel" (Modern French hôpital), from Late Latin hospitale "guest-house, inn," neuter of Latin adjective hospitalis "of a guest or host," from hospes (genitive hospitis); see host (n.1). Later "charitable institution to house and maintain the needy" (early 15c.); sense of "institution for sick people" is first recorded 1540s.
hospitality (n.): late 14c., "act of being hospitable," from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitalitem (nominative hospitalitas) "friendliness to guests," from hospes (genitive hospitis) "guest" (see host (n.1)).
hospitalization (n.): 1873, noun of action from hospitalize.
hospitalize (v.): 1873, from hospital + -ize. "Freq[uently] commented on as an unhappy formation" [OED]. Related: hospitalized; hospitalizing.
inhospitable (adj.): 1560s, from Middle French inhospitable (15c.), from Medieval Latin inhospitabilis (equivalent of Latin inhospitalis), from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + Medieval Latin hospitabilis (see hospitable).
hospitaller: "A member of a charitable religious order, originally the Knights Hospitaller", Middle English: from Old French hospitalier, from medieval Latin hospitalarius, from hospitale (see hospital).