英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

blind (adj.)[blind 词源字典]: Old English blind "blind," also "dark, enveloped in darkness, obscure; unintelligent, lacking mental perception," probably from Proto-Germanic *blinda- "blind" (cognates: Dutch and German blind, Old Norse blindr, Gothic blinds "blind"), perhaps, via notion of "to make cloudy, deceive," from an extended Germanic form of the PIE root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn" (see bleach (v.)). Compare Lithuanian blendzas "blind," blesti "to become dark." The original sense would be not "sightless" but rather "confused," which perhaps underlies such phrases as blind alley (Chaucer's lanes blynde), which is older than the sense of "closed at one end" (1610s).
The twilight, or rather the hour between the time when one can no longer see to read and the lighting of the candles, is commonly called blindman's holiday. [Grose, 1796]
In reference to doing something without seeing it first, by 1840. Of aviators flying without instruments or without clear observation, from 1919. Related: Blinded; blinding. Blindman's bluff is from 1580s.[blind etymology, blind origin, 英语词源]
envelop (v.): late 14c., envolupen, "be involved" (in sin, crime, etc.), from Old French envoleper "envelop, cover; fold up, wrap up" (10c., Modern French envelopper), from en- "in" (see en- (1)) + voloper "wrap up," which is of uncertain origin, perhaps Celtic (see Gamillscheg, Diez) or Germanic ("Century Dictionary"). Literal sense is from 1580s. Related: Enveloped; enveloping.
calicivirus: "Any of a group (formerly the genus Calicivirus, now the family Caliciviridae) of non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses which have a capsid with distinctive cup-like depressions, and which are pathogens of humans and various other mammals. Also (in form Calicivirus): the (former) genus itself", 1970s. From classical Latin calic-, calix cup + -i- + virus.