daubyoudaoicibaDictYouDict[daub 词源字典]
daub: [14] The ultimate source of daub, Latin dēalbāre, meant literally ‘whiten’. It was derived from the adjective albus ‘white’, ancestor of English albino and album. It developed the specific meaning ‘cover with some white substance, such as whitewash or plaster’, and by the time it reached English, via Old French dauber, it referred to the applying of a coating of mortar, plaster, etc to a wall. This was generally a messy process (particularly in the smearing of a mixture of mud and dung on to a framework of laths to produce wattle-and-daub walls), and led in due course to the broader sense ‘apply crudely’.
=> albino, album, auburn[daub etymology, daub origin, 英语词源]
crude (adj.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
late 14c., "in a raw state," from Latin crudus "rough; not cooked, raw, bloody," from PIE *krue-do-, from PIE *kreue- (1) "raw flesh" (see raw). Meaning "lacking grace" is first attested 1640s. Related: Crudely; crudeness. Crude oil is from 1865.
grave (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"excavation in earth for reception of a dead body," Old English græf "grave; ditch, trench; cave," from Proto-Germanic *graban (cognates: Old Saxon graf, Old Frisian gref, Old High German grab "grave, tomb;" Old Norse gröf "cave," Gothic graba "ditch"), from PIE root *ghrebh- (2) "to dig, to scratch, to scrape" (source also of Old Church Slavonic grobu "grave, tomb"); related to Old English grafan "to dig" (see grave (v.)).
"The normal mod. representation of OE. græf would be graff; the ME. disyllable grave, from which the standard mod. form descends, was prob. due to the especially frequent occurrence of the word in the dat. (locative) case. [OED]
From Middle Ages to 17c., they were temporary, crudely marked repositories from which the bones were removed to ossuaries after some years and the grave used for a fresh burial. "Perpetual graves" became common from c. 1650. Grave-side (n.) is from 1744. Grave-robber attested from 1757. To make (someone) turn in his grave "behave in some way that would have offended the dead person" is first recorded 1888.
favelayoudaoicibaDictYouDict
"A Brazilian shack or shanty town; a slum", Portuguese. More shanty from early 19th century:The sea shanty, the song to which sailors hauled ropes, probably comes from French chantez!, an order to ‘sing!’ It is recorded from the mid 19th century. A slightly earlier shanty appeared in North America for a small, crudely built shack and may come from Canadian French chantier ‘lumberjack's cabin, logging camp’, a specialized used of the word which usually means ‘building site’ in France. This shanty gave the world the shanty town, such as the favela in Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian cities. This word, from the Portuguese equivalent of shanty is first recorded in 1961.