英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

cruller [cruller 词源字典]: cruller: see curl
[cruller etymology, cruller origin, 英语词源]
ferrule: ferrule: [17] Despite appearances, ferrule ‘metal cap on the end of a stick’ has no etymological connection with Latin ferrum ‘iron’, although its present form has been heavily influenced by it. It is an alteration of an earlier virolle, which was borrowed in the 15th century from Old French. The Old French word in turn came from Latin viriola ‘little bracelet’, a diminutive form of viriae ‘bracelet’.
querulous: querulous: see quarrel
rule: rule: [13] Rule is one of a largish family of English words that go back ultimately to Latin rēgula ‘straight stick, ruler, rule, pattern’ (whose close relatives rēx ‘king’ and regere ‘rule’ have also contributed royally to English vocabulary in the form of rector, regent, regiment, royal, etc). Derivatives have produced regular and regulate, while rēgula itself has given rail ‘bar’ and, via Vulgar Latin *regula and Old French reule, rule.
=> rail, raj, rector, regal, regent, regular, regulate, royal
brulee (adj.): from French brûlée "burned," from brûler, from Old French brusler (11c.); see broil (v.1). Crème brûlée was known in English by various names from early 18c., including a translated burnt cream.
cerulean (adj.): 1660s, with -an + Latin caeruleus "blue, dark blue, blue-green," perhaps dissimilated from caelulum, diminutive of caelum "heaven, sky," which is of uncertain origin (see celestial). The Latin word was applied by Roman authors to the sky, the Mediterranean, and occasionally to leaves or fields. As a noun, from 1756.
cruller (n.): 1805, American English, apparently from Dutch kruller, from krullen "to curl," from Middle Dutch crullen, related to curl.
ferrule (n.): "metal cap on a rod," 1610s, ferule, earlier verrel (early 15c.), from Old French virelle "ferrule, collar" (12c. Modern French virole), from Medieval Latin viriola "bracelet," diminutive of Latin viriae "bracelets," from a Gaulish word akin to Old Irish fiar "bent, crooked," from PIE *wi-ria-, from root *wei- (1) "to turn, twist" (see wire (n.)). Spelling influenced by Latin ferrum "iron."
ferule (n.): "rod or flat piece of wood for punishing children," 1590s, earlier "giant fennel" (early 15c.), from Middle English ferula "fennel plant" (late 14c.), from Latin ferula "reed, whip, rod, staff; fennel plant or stalk" (fennel stalks were used for administering flogging punishment in ancient Roman times) probably related to festuca "stalk, straw, rod."
florulent (adj.): "flowery," 1590s, from Latin florentulus, from flor-, stem of flos "flower" (see flower (n.)).
garrulity (n.): 1580s, from Middle French garrulité, from Latin garrulitatem (nominative garrulitas) "chattering, loquacity," from garrulus "talkative" (see garrulous).
garrulous (adj.): 1610s, from Latin garrulus "talkative, chattering," from garrire "to chatter," from PIE root *gar- "to call, cry," of imitative origin (compare Greek gerys "voice, sound," Ossetic zar "song," Welsh garm, Old Irish gairm "noise, cry"). Related: Garrulously; garrulousness.
gastrula (n.): 1874, a Modern Latin coinage (Haeckel), from Latin gaster, from Greek gaster (genitive gastros) "stomach" (see gastric) + Latin -ula, diminutive suffix. Related: Gastrular; gastrulation.
home rule (n.): 1860, originally in reference to Ireland, from home (n.) + rule (n.).
misrule (n.): late 14c., "bad government of a state;" see mis- (1) + rule (n.). Meaning "disorderly conduct or living" is from c. 1400, obsolete except in Lord of Misrule, one chosen to preside over Christmas games in a great house (late 15c.).
misrule (v.): late 14c., from mis- (1) + rule (v.). Related: Misruled; misruling.
overrule (v.): "rule against; set aside, as by a higher authority," 1590s, from over- + rule (v.). It was used earlier in a sense "to govern, control" (1570s). Related: Overruled; overruling.
purulent (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French purulent and directly from Latin purulentus "full of pus," from pus (genitive puris) "pus" (see pus). Related: Purulence.
Queensberry Rules: drawn up 1867 by Sir John Sholto Douglas (1844-1900), 8th Marquis of Queensberry, to govern the sport of boxing in Great Britain.
querulous (adj.): c. 1400, from Old French querelos "quarrelsome, argumentative" and directly from Late Latin querulosus, from Latin querulus "full of complaints, complaining," from queri "to complain." Retains the original vowel of quarrel (n.1). Related: Querulously; querulousness.
rule (n.): c. 1200, "principle or maxim governing conduct, formula to which conduct must be conformed" from Old French riule, Norman reule "rule, custom, (religious) order" (in Modern French partially re-Latinized as règle), from Vulgar Latin *regula, from Latin regula "straight stick, bar, ruler;" figuratively "a pattern, a model," related to regere "to rule, straighten, guide" (see regal). Replaced Old English wealdan.

Meaning "regulation governing play of a game, etc." is from 1690s. Phrase rule of thumb first attested 1690s. Rule of law "supremacy of impartial and well-defined laws to any individual's power" is from 1883. Meaning "strip used for making straight lines or measuring" is recorded from mid-14c. Typography sense is attested from 1680s.
rule (v.): c. 1200, "to control, guide, direct," from Old French riuler "impose rule," from Latin regulare (see regulate). Legal sense "establish by decision" is recorded from early 15c. Meaning "mark with lines" is from 1590s. Meaning "to dominate, prevail" is from 1874. "Rule Brittania," patriotic song, is from 1740. Related: Ruled; ruling.
ruler (n.): "one who rules," late 14c., agent noun from rule (v.). Meaning "instrument used for making straight lines" is c. 1400 (compare rule (n.)).
ruling (n.): "determination by a judge or court on a point arising in the course of a trial or hearing," 1550s, verbal noun from rule (v.).
ruly (adj.): "conforming to (religious) rule; amenable to rule, disciplined, orderly," reuleli; from rule (n.) + -ly (2).
slide-rule (n.): also slide rule, mathematical calculating tool, 1838, from slide (v.) + rule (n.). So called for its method of operation. Earlier sliding-rule (1660s).
Struldbrug (n.): "person who never dies but becomes senile and useless," 1726, from "Gulliver's Travels," a made-up word.
trull (n.): "a low prostitute or concubine; a drab, strumpet, trollop" [OED], 1510s, from German trulle "trollop, wench, hussy," perhaps cognate with troll (n.), or perhaps from troll (v.), compare Middle High German trolle "awkward fellow," Swabian trull "a thick, fat woman."
truly (adv.): Old English treowlice, from treow (see true (adj.)). Similar formation in Dutch treuwelijk, German getreulich, Swedish troligen.
unruly (adj.): "disposed to resist lawful restraint," c. 1400, from un- (1) "not" + obsolete ruly (adj.) "amenable to rule." Related: Unruliness.
virulence (n.): 1660s, from Late Latin virulentia, from Latin virulentus "full of poison" (see virulent). Related: Virulency (1610s).
virulent (adj.): c. 1400, in reference to wounds, ulcers, etc., "full of corrupt or poisonous matter," from Latin virulentus "poisonous," from virus "poison" (see virus). Figurative sense of "violent, spiteful" is attested from c. 1600. Related: Virulently.
spherule: "A small sphere", Mid 17th century: from late Latin sphaerula, diminutive of Latin sphaera (see sphere).
glomerulus: "A cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, especially a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule", Mid 19th century: modern Latin, diminutive of Latin glomus, glomer- 'ball of thread'.
mucopurulent: "Consisting of mucus and pus", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in The Lancet.
crème brûlée: "A dessert of custard topped with caramelized sugar", French, literally 'burnt cream'.
Rafferty's rules: "No rules at all", 1920s: Rafferty, probably an English dialect alteration of refractory.