英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

source (n.)[source 词源字典]: mid-14c., "support, base," from Old French sourse "a rising, beginning, fountainhead of a river or stream" (12c.), fem. noun taken from past participle of sourdre "to rise, spring up," from Latin surgere "to rise" (see surge (n.)). Meaning "a first cause" is from late 14c., as is that of "fountain-head of a river." Meaning "person or written work supplying information or evidence" is by 1777.[source etymology, source origin, 英语词源]
source (v.): "obtain from a specified source," 1972, from source (n.). Related: Sourced; sourcing.
sourdough (n.): early 14c., "leavened bread," also "leaven" (late 14c.), from sour (adj.) + dough. Meaning "fermented dough" is from 1868. The meaning "Arctic prospector or pioneer" is from 1898 Yukon gold rush, from the practice of saving a lump of fermented dough as leaven for raising bread baked during the winter.
sourly (adv.): 1530s, from sour (adj.) + -ly (2).
sourness (n.): Old English surnes; see sour (adj.) + -ness.
sourpuss (n.): 1937, from sour (adj.) + puss (n.2) "face."
sous chef (n.): early 19c., from French sous, from Old French soz (10c.), from Latin subtus "under, below" (see sub-) + chef.
sousaphone (n.): 1903, named for U.S. bandleader and composer John Philip Sousa (1854-1932).
The first sousaphone was made by C.G. Conn in 1899 expressly for Sousa's band and its bell opened directly upward. The present bell-front type was first made in 1908. ["International Cyclopedia of Music," 1939]
souse (v.): late 14c., "to pickle, steep in vinegar," from Old French sous (adj.) "preserved in salt and vinegar," from Frankish *sultja or some other Germanic source (compare Old Saxon sultia "salt water," Old High German sulza "brine"), from Proto-Germanic *salt- (see salt (n.)). Related: Soused; sousing.
souse (n.): something steeped in pickle, especially "pig parts preserved and pickled," mid-15c., earlier "liquid for pickling" (late 14c.), from souse (v.) or from its French source.
soused (adj.): "drunk," 1610s, from past participle of souse (v.), on notion of one "pickled" in liquor.
soutane (n.): "long, buttoned gown or frock with sleeves, outer garment of Roman Catholic ecclesiastics," 1838, from French soutane, from Old French sotane "undershirt," from Medieval Latin subtana "an under-cassock," from Latin subtus "beneath, under, below" (see sub-).
souteneur (n.): "man who lives on the earnings of one or more prostitutes under his protection, pimp," 1906, French, literally "protector," from soutenir "to sustain" (see sustain).
souter (n.): "maker or mender of shoes," Old English sutere, from Latin sutor "shoemaker," from suere "to sew, stitch" (see sew).
south (adv.): Old English suð "southward, to the south, southern, in the south," from Proto-Germanic *sunthaz, perhaps literally "sun-side" (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Frisian suth "southward, in the south," Middle Dutch suut, Dutch zuid, German Süden), and related to base of *sunnon "sun" (see sun (v.)). Old French sur, sud (French sud), Spanish sur, sud are loan-words from Germanic, perhaps from Old Norse suðr.

As an adjective from c. 1300; as a noun, "one of the four cardinal points," also "southern region of a country," both late 13c. The Southern states of the U.S. have been collectively called The South since 1779 (in early use this often referred only to Georgia and South Carolina). South country in Britain means the part below the Tweed, in England the part below the Wash, and in Scotland the part below the Forth. South Sea meant "the Mediterranean" (late 14c.) and "the English Channel" (early 15c.) before it came to mean (in plural) "the South Pacific Ocean" (1520s). The nautical coat called a sou'wester (1836) protects the wearer against severe weather, such as a gale out of the southwest.
South Africa: 1815 as a name for a distinct region that had been partly settled by Europeans; 1910 as the name of a nation.
southbound (adj.): 1872, originally in railroading, from south + bound (adj.2).
southeast (adv.): Old English suðeast; see south + east. Related: Southeasterly; southeastern.
southerly: 1550s (adj.); 1570s (adv.); from southern + -ly. Related: Southerliness.
southern: Old English suðerne, from suð "south" (see south) + -erne, suffix denoting direction. A common Germanic compound (Old Frisian suthern, Old Norse suðroenn, Old High German sundroni). The constellation Southern Cross so called in English by 1756.