英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

rustle (n.)[rustle 词源字典]: 1759, from rustle (v.).[rustle etymology, rustle origin, 英语词源]
rustler (n.): 1820, "one who rustles," agent noun from rustle (v.). American English meaning "cattle thief" is from 1882.
rusty (adj.): Old English rustig; see rust (n.) + -y (2). Cognate with Frisian roastich, Middle Dutch roestich, Dutch roestig, Old High German rostag, German rostig. "In the 16th and 17th centuries frequently used as a term of general disparagement" [OED]. Of bodily skills, "impaired by neglect," from c. 1500; of mental qualities, accomplishments, etc., first attested 1796.
rut (n.1): "narrow track worn or cut in the ground," 1570s, probably from Middle English route (see route (n.)); though OED finds this "improbable." Metaphoric meaning "narrow, monotonous routine; habitual mode of behavior" first attested 1839.
rut (n.2): "annually recurring sexual excitement in animals; animal mating season" (originally of deer), early 15c., from Old French rut, ruit, from Late Latin rutigum (nominative rugitus) "a bellowing," from past participle of Latin rugire "to bellow," from PIE imitative root *reu-. The verb is recorded from early 15c. Related: Rutting.
rutabaga (n.): 1799, from Swedish dialectal (West Götland) rotabagge, from rot "root" (see root (n.)) + bagge "bag" (see bag (n.)). Slang meaning "dollar" is from 1940s.
Ruth: fem. proper name, biblical ancestor of David, from Hebrew Ruth, probably a contraction of reuth "companion, friend, fellow woman."
ruth (n.): "sorrow for the misery of another; repentance, regret," c. 1200, ruthe, from Old Norse hryggð "ruth, sorrow," from hryggr "sorrowful, grieved" (see rue (v.)) + Proto-Germanic abstract noun suffix *-itho (see -th (2)). Or else formed in English from reuwen "to rue" on the model of true/truth, etc. The Old English word was rue (n.2).
Ruthenian (adj.): 1850, of or pertaining to the Ukrainian people (earlier Ruthene, 1540s), from Medieval Latin Rutheni "the Little Russians," a derivative of Russi (see Russia). For consonant change, compare Medieval Latin Prut(h)eni, from Prussi "Prussians." Another word in the same sense was Russniak.
ruthenium (n.): metallic element, 1845, named by Russian chemist Karl Klauss, from a name proposed earlier (1828) in reference to a metal extracted from ores from the Ural Mountains of Russia (see Ruthenian).
ruthless (adj.): early 14c., from reuthe "pity, compassion" (see ruth) + -less. Ruthful (early 13c.) has fallen from use since late 17c. except as a deliberate archaism. Related: Ruthlessly; ruthlessness.
Ruy Lopez (n.): type of chess opening, 1876, from Ruy López de Segura (fl. 1560), Spanish bishop and writer on chess, who developed it.
RV (n.): short for recreational vehicle, by 1967.
Rwanda: African nation, named for indigenous people there, whose word for themselves is of unknown origin.
rye (n.): Old English ryge, from Proto-Germanic *ruig (cognates: Old Saxon roggo, Old Norse rugr, Old Frisian rogga, Middle Dutch rogghe, Old High German rocko, German Roggen), related to or from Balto-Slavic words (such as Old Church Slavonic ruži, Russian rozh' "rye;" Lithuanian rugys "grain of rye," plural rugiai), from a European PIE root *wrughyo- "rye." Meaning "whiskey" (made from rye) first attested 1835. Rye bread attested from mid-15c.
radix: "The base of a system of numeration", Early 17th century (in sense 2): from Latin, literally 'root'. sense 1 dates from the late 18th century.
ramose: "Having branches; branched", Late 17th century: from Latin ramosus, from ramus 'branch'.
rhabdom: "A translucent cylinder forming part of the light-sensitive receptor in the eye of an arthropod", Late 19th century: from late Greek rhabdōma, from rhabdos 'rod'.
Rhadamanthine: "Showing stern and inflexible judgement", Mid 17th century: from Rhadamanthus + -ine¹.
retrocede: "Cede (territory) back again", Early 19th century: from French rétrocéder.