英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

plein-air (adj.)[plein-air 词源字典]: 1894, from French phrase en plein air, literally "in the open air." The style developed among French impressionists c. 1870.[plein-air etymology, plein-air origin, 英语词源]
pleio-: also pleo-, word-forming element meaning "more," from comb. form of Greek pleion "larger, greater in quantity, the more part, very many" (comp. of polys "much"), from PIE *ple- (cognates: Latin plere "to fill," plebes, "the populace, the common people;" Greek plethein "be full," pleres "full"), possibly a variant of *pele- (1) "to fill" (see poly-).
pleiotropy (n.): 1921, from German pleiotrop (1910), from Greek pleion "greater in quantity, the more part, very many," (see pleio-) + trope "turn, turning" (see trope). Related: Pleiotropic; pleiotropism.
Pleistocene (adj.): "pertaining to the glacial period," 1839, coined by Lyell from Greek pleistos "most" (superlative of polys "much;" see poly-) + -cene.
plenary (adj.): 1510s, earlier plenar (mid-13c.), from Old French plenier, from Medieval Latin plenarius "entire, complete," from Latin plenus "full, filled, greatly crowded; stout, pregnant; abundant, abounding; complete," from PIE *pele- (1) "to fill" (see poly-). Related: Plenarily.
plenipotentiary (adj.): 1640s, from French plénipotentiaire and directly from Medieval Latin plenipotentiarius "having full power," from Late Latin plenipotens, from Latin plenus "full" (see plenary) + potentem "powerful" (see potent). As a noun from 1650s.
plenitude (n.): early 15c., from Old French plenitude and directly from Latin plenitudinem (nominative plenitudo) "abundance, completeness, fullness," from plenus "complete, full" (see plenary).
plenteous (adj.): c. 1300, plentivous, from Old French plentiveus "fertile, rich" (early 13c.), from plentif "abundant," from plentee "abundance" (see plenty). Related: Plentifully; plentifulness.
plentiful (adj.): late 15c., from plenty + -ful. Related: Plentifully.
plentitude (n.): 1610s, erroneous form of plenitude.
plenty (n.): mid-13c., "as much as one could desire," from Old French plentee, earlier plentet "abundance, profusion" (12c., Modern French dialectal plenté), from Latin plenitatem (nominative plenitas) "fullness," from plenus "complete, full" (see plenary). Meaning "condition of general abundance" is from late 14c. The colloquial adverb meaning "very much" is first attested 1842. Middle English had parallel formation plenteth, from the older Old French form of the word.
plenum (n.): 1670s, "filled space" (opposite of vacuum), from Latin plenum (spatium) "full (space)," neuter of adjective plenus "complete, full" (see plenary). The meaning "of a full assembly of legislators" is first recorded 1772.
pleo-: see pleio-.
pleomorphic (adj.): "having more than one form," 1886, from pleo- + -morphe "form" (see Morpheus). Related: Pleomorphism.
pleonasm (n.): "redundancy in words," 1580s, from Late Latin pleonasmus, from Greek pleonasmos, from pleonazein "to be more than enough, to be superfluous," in grammatical use, "to add superfluously," from comb. form of pleon "more" (see pleio-).
pleonastic (adj.): 1778, with -ic + Greek pleonastos "abundant," from pleonazein (see pleonasm). Related: Pleonastical (1650s).
plesiosaurus (n.): 1825, from Modern Latin Pleisiosaurus (1821), coined by English paleontologist William Daniel Conybeare (1787-1857) from Greek plesios "near," related to pelas, + -saurus.
plethora (n.): 1540s, a medical word for "excess of body fluid," from Late Latin plethora, from Greek plethore "fullness," from plethein "be full" (see pleio-). Figurative meaning "too-muchness, overfullness in any respect" is first recorded 1700. Related: Plethoric.
pleura (n.): early 15c., medical Latin, from Greek pleura "side of the body, rib," also "flank of an army, page of a book," of unknown origin.
pleural (adj.): 1835, from pleura + -al (1). Alternative pleuric is attested from 1825.