英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

Fuhrer (n.)[Fuhrer 词源字典]: 1934, from Führer und Reichskanzler, title assumed by Hitler in 1934 as head of the German state, from German Führer "leader," from führen "to lead," from Middle High German vüeren "to lead, drive," from Old High German fuoren "to set in motion, lead," causative of faran "to go, travel," from Proto-Germanic *faran- "to go" (see fare (v.)). According to OED, Hitler's title was modeled on Mussolini's Duce.[Fuhrer etymology, Fuhrer origin, 英语词源]
Fuji: mountain in Japan, also Fujiyama (with Japanese yama "mountain"), of unknown origin. Some of the senses that have been suggested are "prosperous man," "fire-spitter," "incomparable," and "beauty of the long slope hanging in the sky."
Fulah (n.): Sudanese people, 1832, from the native name. Related: Fulani.
Fulbright (n.): in education, a reference to U.S. Sen. J. William Fulbright (1905-1995) of Arkansas, especially to the Fulbright Act of 1946, which authorized proceeds from sales of U.S. war surplus materials to be used to fund higher education overseas.
fulcrum (n.): in mechanics, "a prop, a support" (on which a lever turns), 1670s, from Latin fulcrum "bedpost, foot of a couch," from fulcire "to prop up, support" (see balk (n.)).
fulfil (v.): see fulfill. Related: fulfilment.
fulfill (v.): Old English fullfyllan "fill up" (a room, a ship, etc.), "make full; take the place of (something)," from full (adj.), here perhaps with a sense of "completion" + fyllan (see fill (v.), which is ultimately from the same root). Used from mid-13c. in reference to prophecy (probably translating Latin implere, adimplere). From mid-13c. as "do, perform; carry out, consummate, carry into effect;" from c. 1300 as "complete, finish; satiate, satisfy, gratify." Related: Fulfilled; fulfilling. Modern English combinations with full tend to have it at the end of the word (as -ful), but this is a recent development and in Old English it was more common at the start, but this word and fulsome appear to be the only survivors.
fulfillment (n.): 1775, "a filling or carrying out, completion;" see fulfill + -ment.
fulgent (adj.): "bright, dazzling," early 15c., from Latin fulgentem (nominative fulgens) "shining, bright, dazzling," present participle of fulgere "to shine" (see fulminate). Related: Fulgently.
full (adj.): Old English full "containing all that can be received; having eaten or drunk to repletion; filled; perfect, entire, utter," from Proto-Germanic *fulla- "full" (cognates: Old Saxon full, Old Frisian ful, Dutch vol, Old High German fol, German voll, Old Norse fullr, Gothic fulls), from PIE *pele- (1) "to fill" (see poly-). Related: Fuller; fullest.

The adverb is Old English ful "very, fully, entirely, completely" and was common in Middle English (full well, full many, etc.); sense of "quite, exactly, precisely" is from 1580s. Full moon, one with its whole disc illuminated, was Old English fulles monan; first record of full-blood in reference to racial purity is from 1812. Full house is 1710 in the theatrical sense, 1887 in the poker sense (three of a kind and a pair, earlier full-hand, 1850). Full-dress (adj.) "appropriate to a formal occasion" is from 1761, from the noun phrase.
full (v.): "to tread or beat cloth to cleanse or thicken it," late 14c., from Old French foler, fouler "trample on, press," from Latin fullo "fuller, launderer," also a kind of beetle, a word of unknown etymology. Perhaps the Middle English word was from Old English agent-noun fullere, which probably was formed from Latin fullo with a native ending.
full (n.): early 14c., from Old English fyllo, fyllu "fullness (of food), satiety;" also from full (adj.).
full-blown (adj.): of flower blossoms, "fully open," 1640s, from full (adj.) + blown "that has blossomed," from Old English geblowenne, past participle of blow (v.2) "to bloom." Figuratively "complete, fully developed" from 1650s. Full-blown also was used 17c.-18c. in reference to cheeks, sails, bladders, "fully distended" (by or as if by wind), in this case from blow (v.1), and the figurative sense might also be from or influenced by these.
full-circle (adv.): 1873, from full (adj.) + circle (n.).
full-fledged (adj.): 1570s, literal; 1883 in figurative sense; see full (adj.) + fledged.
full-grown (adj.): 1660s, from full (adj.) + grown (adj.).
full-length (adj.): 1709, from adverbial phrase at full length; see full (adj.) + length.
full-time (adj.): also fulltime, 1895; full-timer is attested from 1855, in reference to students; see full (adj.) + time (n.).
fullback (n.): also full-back, 1882 in sports, from full (adj.) + back (n.).
fuller (n.): "one who fulls cloth," Old English fullere "fuller" (Mark ix:3), from Latin fullo "fuller" (see foil (v.)). The native word is walker. Fuller's earth (silicate of alumina) is recorded by 1520s; so called because it was used in cleansing cloth.