broker:经纪人,掮客
今指“经纪人”或“掮客”的broker 一词在中世纪英语原指“酒类零售商”“商贩”,约在14世纪后半期指“拉皮条者”或“媒人”,这就是所谓love broker和marriage broker。随后broker又获得“中间人”一义,并逐渐向今义演变。于是出现了各种各样的broker,诸如bill-broker(证券经纪人),cotton-broker(棉花经纪人),pawn-broker(当铺老板),ship-broker(船舶经纪人),exchange broker(交易所经纪人),stock-broker(股票经纪人),black-market broker(黑市掮客),floor-broker(交易所内代客买卖的场上经纪人)等。broker同break的过去式broke或形容词broke(不名一文的)无任何联系,而与动词broach(钻孔开启)一词却有亲缘关系。它源于古法语brokiere/brochier,其字面义为one who opened or broached wine casks(钻孔开启酒桶的人)。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:broker 词源,broker 含义。
stonewall:防守挡击,阻碍议事,设置障碍
这是一个复合词,由stone(石)和wall(壁,墙)合成,字面义为“石壁”,“石墙”。美国南北战争(1861-1865)时,南军著名将领Thomas Jonathan Jackson(1824-1863)在布尔溪畔战役(the Battle of Bull Run)中率所部一个旅的兵力,组成一道坚如石壁的防线,顶住了优势北军的进攻,赢得了Stonewall Jackson (石壁杰克逊)的绰号。stonewall通常多用于喻义,最初只被作为板球的一个术语,表示“防守挡击”,后来用于广义上的“妨碍行动”,和“设置障碍”。
例句: I want you to stonewall it, let them plead the Fifth Amendment(Richard M.Nixon) 我要你抵制它,让他们请求第五次修改(理查德M.尼克松)
The defense claims that the prosecution and the labs they employ stonewall' discovery requests. 辩方主张控方和他们雇用的实验室都妨碍了辩方的发现请求。
He stonewalled against the motion. 他以冗长的演说阻挠了那项动议的通过。
[美国口语] to stonewall for time 拖延时间
the efforts to stonewall passage of the legislation 设法阻止通过立法的努力
to stonewall someone doing something 妨碍某人做某事
Just because your bias or your tendency or your experience tells you to sulk and stonewall, you don't have to react that way. 如果只因为您的偏见或者是您的意向或经验就让您生气或采取抵制行为,那么最好不要那样做
She also admires the men who are actually like women: transsexuals and flamboyant drag queens, the heroes of the 1969 Stonewall rebellion, which started the gay liberation movement. 她也尊重那些实际上像女人的男人:变性人和穿着浮夸的装扮女王,1969石墙暴动(开启了男同性恋自由运动)的英雄们。