1. 意大利于十五世纪末,遭北方,然在此之前近百年间,实丰足昌盛文化发达之邦。
Italy, until the last years of the century, was fairly free from Northern armies, and advanced rapidly both in wealth and culture.

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2. 战火不息的社会环境,导致了天灾和人为灾害的盛行,形成自然灾害与社会灾害交相为虐,灾荒与相互引发的恶性循环。
The lasting warfare of the society leads to the prevail of the natural and human disasters, which formed a vicious circle between natural disaster and war.

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3. 战火不息的社会环境,导致了天灾和人为灾害的盛行,形成自然灾害与社会灾害交相为虐,灾荒与相互引发的恶性循环。
The lasting warfare of the society leads to the prevail of the natural and human disasters, which formed a vicious circle between natural disaster and war.

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