词根词缀：-aceous, -acea, -aceae, -aceaen, -aceus

【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; having the quality of, of the nature of, characterized by, belonging to, resembling

【相关描述】There are hunderds of words that utilize the -aceous suffix which are not shown here; however, the following will present important examples.

A suffix that forms adjectives and is used with technical combinations, especially in biological terms: "pertaining or belonging to, of the nature of, or characterized by; to be full of, to possess abundantly". The suffix -acea usually denotes "orders and classes in zoology" while the suffix -aceae usually denotes "orders and families in botany" and -aceaen is used to denote members of "orders of the animal kingdom".

【同源单词】acanthaceous, -aceous, alliaceous, ampullaceous, amygdalaceous, amylaceous

词根词缀：ad-

【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; to, toward, a direction toward, addition to, near, at; and changes to: ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, at- when ad- is combined with certain words that begin with the letters c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t

【相关描述】The form ad- appears in this form before a vowel and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v. It is simplified to a- before sc, sp and st.

Before c, f, g, l, n, p, q, r, s, and t; ad- is changed to ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, aq-, ar-, as-, and at-.

In other words, the d of ad usually changes into the same letter as the first letter of the following root or word when it is a consonant: ad-fix becomes affix, and ad-sign becomes assign; therefore, making a double consonant.

Another example includes: attract as with ad-tract (drawn towards); so it has a double t. On the other hand when ad- precedes a vowel, as with adapt, it is simply ad-apt, with one d. For the same reason, there is only one d in adore and adumbrate, because ad- has combined with orare and umbra each of which starts with a vowel.

So, remember: since these Latin words begin with vowels and not consonants, the d of ad does not double as shown in the previous examples.

【同源单词】a capite ad calcem, Ab ovo usque ad mala, Ab uno ad omnes, Abiit ad majores, abjure, accede

词根词缀：-ology, -logy, -ologist, -logist

【来源及含义】Greek: a suffix meaning: to talk, to speak; a branch of knowledge; any science or academic field that ends in -ology which is a variant of -logy; a person who speaks in a certain manner; someone who deals with certain topics or subjects

【相关描述】The word -ology is a back-formation from the names of certain disciplines. The -logy element basically means "the study of ____". Such words are formed from Greek or Latin roots with the terminal -logy derived from the Greek suffix -λογια (-logia), speaking, from λεγειν (legein), "to speak".

The suffix -ology is considered to be misleading sometimes as when the "o" is actually part of the word stem that receives the -logy ending; such as, bio + logy.

Through the years -ology and -logy have come to mean, "study of" or "science of" and either of these suffixes often utilize the form of -ologist, "one who (whatever the preceding element refers to)".

The examples shown in this unit represent just a small fraction of the many words that exist in various dictionaries.

【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.

【同源单词】abiology, abiophysiology, academic anthropologist, academic anthropology, acanthologist, acanthology

词根词缀：path-, patho-, -path-, -pathia, -pathic, -pathology, -pathetic, -pathize, -pathy

【来源及含义】Greek: feeling, sensation, perception; suffering, disease, or disorder; a system of treating diseases

【相关描述】In medicine, some of these elements usually mean "someone who suffers from a disease of, or one who treats a disease"; so, they should not be confused with the words that mean "feeling" which are also shown on these pages even though both meanings come from the same Greek element.

【相关词根词缀】 Related-word units meaning feeling: aesth-; senso-; pass-.

【同源单词】acroleukopathy, acropathology, acropathy, adenopathy, adrenalopathy, adrenopathy

词根词缀：philo-, phil-, -phile, -philia, -philic, -philous, -phily, -philiac, -philist, -philism

【来源及含义】Greek: love, loving, friendly to, fondness for, attraction to; strong tendency toward, affinity for

【相关描述】These are just a few of the meanings set up for the etymological meanings of philo- which comes to us from Greek.

In biology, there are many words that use philo-, phil- to mean "thriving in such and such a place or situation; or exhibiting a tendency for a specified condition" for its existence.

Other meanings include: "strongly attracted to; such as, an organism that loves or is strongly attracted to something which is specified".

In psychology and psychiatry, -phile, -philia, etc. use this element as a word termination indicating an abnormal craving or attraction to or an affinity for an object as shown by the word stems to which they are affixed.

【相关词根词缀】Related "love, fondness" units: agape-; amat-; vener-; venus.

【同源单词】abrakophile, abrakophilia, abrakophilism, acarophile, acarophilous, acarophily

词根词缀：plano-, plan-, -plany, -plania

【来源及含义】Greek: passively drifting, wandering, or roaming; planet or planets

【相关描述】The planets are shown in this unit with images and links for details about each planet.

【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly or indirectly, to the: "moon": Calendar, Moon Facts; Chemical Element: selenium; Gods and Goddesses; luna, luni-; Luna, the earth moon; menisc-; meno-; Planets in Motion; seleno-.

【同源单词】angioplany, aplanogamete, diplanetism, exoplanet, extrasolar planet, interplanetary

词根词缀：pyro-, pyr-

【来源及含义】Greek: fire, burn, burning, heat, produced by heating, hot; and sometimes also referring to "fever as shown at this link"

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; gehenna-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; spodo- (ashes; waste); volcan-.

【同源单词】antipyrotic, empyrean, empyromancy, glossopyrosis, purogenic distillation, pyracanth

词根词缀：sol-, -sol

【来源及含义】Latin: base, ground, soil, bottom; the lowest part of something; sole of the foot or a shoe

【相关描述】Soil orders are named by adding the suffix -sol to a root word, as shown in the table of the United States Soil Taxonomy and the soil classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO (agency of the United Nations).

Many of the applicable soilwords which are listed and defined in this unit do not use the -sol suffix; however, they are included because they are essential parts of the major listings of the U.S. Soil Taxonomy and the Food and Agriculture Organization presentations.

The soil groups are based on extensive sets of field and laboratory observations and on extensive technical criteria.

【同源单词】Acrisol, Albeluvisol, Albolls, Alfisol, Alisol, Andisol

词根词缀：sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, su-

【来源及含义】Latin: under, below, beneath; used as a prefix as shown in various formats below

【相关描述】The prefix sub- often becomes suc- before c: succumb.

The prefix sub- often becomes suf- before f: suffuse.

The prefix sub- often becomes sug- before g: suggest.

The prefix sub- often becomes sum- before m: sumptuous.

The prefix sub- often becomes sup- before p: suppression.

The prefix sub- often becomes sur- before r: surrogate.

The prefix, sub- is often simplified to su- before sp; as seen in suspect, suspend, suspicion, suspension, et al. Before c, p, and t; it is sometimes formed into sus-.

【同源单词】oversufficient, sub specie, sub voce, subabdominal, subaquatic, subaquatics