词根：lapid = stone 石头
来源基础词 lapidate 用石头投掷,有异形同义词根：-lith- 石。
同源词：
1. lapidary [lapid 石头，-ary (a./ n.)形容词和名词后缀]
n./adj. 宝石工,宝石商;宝石的；宝石雕刻术的
2. lapidate [lapid 石，-ate 动词后缀]
v.用石头投掷；用石头把...击毙
3. lapidation [lapid 石，-ation 名词后缀]
n.以石头击的刑罚；投掷乱石
4. lapidescence [lapid 石，-escence 名词后缀]
n. 石化,成为石头
5. lapidescent [lapid 石，-escent (a.) 形容词后缀，表示“…的”]
adj.化为石头的
6. lapidify [lapid 石，-ify (v.) 动词后缀，表示使 → 使某物变成石头]
v.( 使 ) 化为石头
7. lapidific [见上，-ic ...的]
adj.化为石头的
8. lapidification [见上，-ation 名词后缀]
n.石化
9. dilapidate（石头分别破碎片的di<dis(=apart) + lapid(=stone)）
adj.（建筑物、家具、汽车等）破损的；荒废的
dilapidation n.荒废
My brother's first car was really dilapidated,but he loved it anyway. 我弟弟的第一辆车实在是破旧不堪，不过他还是很喜爱它。
词根：fract, frag(fra, fring) = to break（打破）
来自拉丁语的fract,frag意为to break，变形为fra,fring。同义词根有来自拉丁语的rupt。
（*拉丁文 frangere(=to break),过去分词是fractus——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. suffrage（源自于从前投票都是利用陶器的碎片。破坏到底suf<sub(=under) + frag (=break,loud applause)）
n.投票权，选举权；投票；赞成票
suffragette n.主张妇女参政权的女子
Suffrage is constitutionally guaranteed to all non-crimial adults. 宪法保障所有不违法的成年人都有选举权。
2. infraction（闯入里面in(=in,into,against) + fract(=break)）
n.违反，违背
I already have two traffic infractions on my record this year.今年我已经有两次违反变规的记录了。
3. refractory（继续破碎或粉碎的 re(=again) + fract(=break)）
adj.不听话的，难以驾驭的，执拗的；（疾病等）难以治愈的，痼疾的；难熔的；难以处理的
Four of the refractory children have been placed in foster homes.那些难管教的孩子中有四个被送到领养家庭了。
4. fractious（折断的fract(=break)）
adj.易怒的，暴躁的；难以对待的，难驾驭的
Italian politics are famously fractious—It's almost a national joke.意大利改治是出了名的难以驾驭——这差不多快成了国家的笑话了。
5. refract
v.使（光线）折射 *re(=back)
refraction n.折射
Light is refracted when it passes through a prism.光在通过棱镜时会折射。
6. fraction
n.小部分；一点，少量；[数]分数
fractional adj.小的，没有多少的；分数的
fractional distillation [分]分馏
7. fracture
n.破碎，破裂；骨折 v.使破裂；使骨折
compound/simple fractures 有创/单纯性骨折；bones that fracture easily 易碎的骨头
8. fragment n.碎片；片断 v.（使）成碎片
put the fragments of a broken vase together 把破碎的花瓶片拼在一起
overhear fragments of conversation 无意中听到谈话的只言片语
The shell fragments on impact.贝壳会被击碎
9. fragmentary
adj.碎片的；断断续续的；不完整的
fragmentary report of an event对事件不完整的报道
10. fragmentation
n.分裂；破碎
fragmentation bomb/grenade 破裂弹/杀伤手榴弹
11. fragile
adj.易碎的，易折断的；（体质）虚弱的
fragility n.脆弱；虚弱
fragile china /health/happiness 易碎的瓷器/虚弱的体质/易逝的幸福
12. infringe
v.触犯（法规），违反；侵害，侵犯权利 *in(=against,in)
infringement n.违反侵害
infringe a rule / an oath/ copyright/a patent 违反规则/违背誓言/侵犯版权/侵犯专利权
infringe upon the rights of other people 侵犯他人权利
13. frail
adj.易碎的；（体质）虚弱的；（意志）薄弱的
fail child /support虚弱的孩子/不结实的柱子
frail happiness易逝的幸福
14. failty
n.软弱，脆弱，薄弱；(pl.)缺点，瑕疵
the frailty of human life 人生命脆弱
He loved her in spite of her little frailties.他爱她，即使她有小小的缺点。
Frailty,thy name is woman.软弱啊，你的名字叫女人。
15. refrain（请注意：这个单词作动词和名词时都是出自同一语源，但是语义不同，作动词时表示“拉回马的缰绳”之意。）
v.节制，忍耐 n.副歌 *re(=back)
Please refrain from spitting in public places.请不要在公共场所吐痰。
will you all join in singing the refrain please?大家一起唱那段副歌吧。
16. diffract
v.分散；使（光线、音波等的）绕射（使射开）《dif- = dis- =apart》
diffraction n.（光线、音波等的）绕射
词根词缀：doul-, dulo-, dul-
【来源及含义】Greek: slave, servile, slavish; servitude; serving
【相关描述】A doula supports a woman and her family in achieving the kind of birth that they desire. A doula works in homes, hospitals, and birth centers; and gives, emotional, physical, and informational support. A careprovider, be he/she a midwife, OB/gyn, or family practitioner, will take care of a woman's prenatal care and birth. A doula is supposed to ensure that someone is always available to look after the mother-to-be emotionally. These objectives are facilitated by communication between the laboring woman, her partner, and her clinical care providers.
As a supportive companion (other than a friend or loved one) a doula is professionally trained to provide birth-labor support. She performs no clinical tasks. A doula also refers to lay women who are trained or experienced in providing postpartum care—mother and newborn care, breastfeeding support and advice, cooking, child care, errands, and light cleaning—for the family. To distinguish between the two types of doulas, one may refer to "birth doulas" and "postpartum doulas".
【同源单词】doule, doulios, doulos, dulia, dulocracy, hierodule
词根词缀：grat-, gra-, grac-
【来源及含义】Latin: beloved, pleasing, dear, agreeable; grateful, thankful, pleased
【同源单词】agree, agreeable, agreeableness, agreeably, agreement, congratulate