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toxic [toxic 词源字典]: toxic: [17] The etymological meaning underlying toxic is of ‘poisoned arrows’. Its ultimate source is Greek tóxon ‘bow’, which also gave English toxophily ‘archery’ [19]. From it was derived toxikós ‘of bows and arrows’, which formed the basis of a noun toxikón ‘poison for putting on arrows’. Latin took this over as toxicum ‘poison’, and the medieval Latin derivative toxicus gave English toxic.
=> toxophily[toxic etymology, toxic origin, 英语词源]
antitoxic: 1860 (n.); 1862 (adj.), from anti- + toxic.
antitoxin (n.): "substance neutralizing poisons," 1892, from anti- + toxin. Coined in 1890 by German bacteriologist Emil von Behring (1854-1917). Antitoxic in this sense is from 1860.
Appomattox: eccentric spelling of plural of Appomattoc, name of a local subgroup of the Powhatan (Algonquian) confederacy in Virginia (first attested as Apamatic, 1607). Site of last battle for Army of Northern Virginia (CSA) in the American Civil War, and of Lee's surrender to Grant in Wilmer McLean house, April 9, 1865.
Botox: a commercial name for botulinum toxin, and composed of elements from those words, approved in U.S. as a temporary cosmetic injection in 2002.
cytotoxic (adj.): 1902, from cyto- + toxic. Related: Cytotoxicity.
detox: 1972 (v.), 1975 (n.), colloquial abbreviation of detoxify, detoxification.
detoxicate (v.): 1867; see de- + toxic + -ate (2). Specifically of drug and alcohol addictions since 1970.
detoxification (n.): 1905, of substances, 1971 of persons who drink to excess; see detoxify + -ation.
detoxify (v.): 1905; see de- + toxic + -fy. Earlier in the same sense was detoxicate (1867).
intoxicant (n.): "liquor," 1863; see intoxicate.
intoxicate (v.): "to poison," mid-15c., from Medieval Latin intoxicatus, past participle of intoxicare "to poison," from Latin in- "in" (see in- (2)) + toxicare "to poison," from toxicum "poison" (see toxic). Meaning "make drunk" first recorded 1570s. Related: Intoxicated; intoxicating.
intoxicated (adj.): 1550s, "poisoned;" 1570s, "drunk," past participle adjective from intoxicate (v.).
intoxication (n.): c. 1400, intoxigacion "poisoning," from Medieval Latin intoxicationem (nominative intoxicatio) "poisoning," noun of action from past participle stem of intoxicare (see intoxicate). Meaning "drunkenness" is from 1640s.
non-toxic (adj.): also nontoxic, 1892, from non- + toxic.
toxemia (n.): "blood-poisoning," also toxaemia, 1848, from toxo- (before vowels tox-, comb. form of Greek toxon (see toxic)) + Greek haima "blood" (see -emia).
toxic (adj.): 1660s, from French toxique and directly from Late Latin toxicus "poisoned," from Latin toxicum "poison," from Greek toxikon (pharmakon) "(poison) for use on arrows," from toxikon, neuter of toxikos "pertaining to arrows or archery," and thus to a bow, from toxon "bow," probably from a Scythian word that also was borrowed into Latin as taxus "yew." Watkins suggests a possible source in Iranian taxša- "bow," from PIE *tekw- "to run, flee." As a noun from 1890.
toxicity (n.): "state of being toxic," 1880, from toxic + -ity.
toxicology (n.): 1815, from French toxicologie (1812), from comb. form of Greek toxikon "arrow poison" (see toxic) + -logia (see -logy). Related: Toxicological; toxicologist.
toxin (n.): "organic poison," especially one produced by bacteria in an animal body, 1886, from toxic + -in (2).
toxoplasmosis (n.): 1977, from toxoplasma (1926), coined 1909 in French from toxo-, comb. form of Greek toxon (see toxic) + plasma (see plasma) + -osis.
toxicant: "A toxic substance introduced into the environment, e.g. a pesticide", Late 19th century: variant of intoxicant, differentiated in sense.
toxaemia: "Blood poisoning by toxins from a local bacterial infection", Mid 19th century: from toxi- + -aemia.
zootoxin: "Any toxin derived from an animal", Early 20th cent..
pyrotoxin: " Medicine . A pyrogen; specifically a pyrogenic bacterial toxin. Now rare", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in The Lancet. From pyro- + toxin.
toxophilite: "A student or lover of archery", Late 18th century: from Toxophilus (a name invented by Roger Ascham, used as the title of his treatise on archery (1545), from Greek toxon 'bow' + -philos 'loving') + -ite¹.
cryptoxanthin: "A yellow carotenoid pigment which is a metabolic precursor of vitamin A and is commonly found in plants and in other sources such as egg yolk", 1930s; earliest use found in Chemical Abstracts. From crypto- + xanthin, after German Kryptoxanthin.
picrotoxinin: "A bitter, crystalline, sesquiterpene lactone, C15H16O6, that is the toxic component of picrotoxin", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in John S. Billings (1838–1913). From picrotoxin + -in.
picrotoxin: "A bitter compound used to stimulate the respiratory and nervous system, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning", Mid 19th century: from Greek pikros 'bitter' + toxin.