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asynchronous (adj.): 1748, from a-, privative prefix, + synchronous.
synchronic (adj.): "occurring at the same time," 1775, shortening of synchronical (1650s), from Late Latin synchronus "simultaneous" (see synchronous). Linguistic sense is first recorded 1922, probably a borrowing from French synchronique (de Saussure, 1913). Synchronal "simultaneous" is from 1650s. Related: synchronically.
synchronicity (n.): 1953; from synchronic + -ity. Originally in Jung. Synchroneity is from 1889, but equally malformed, and see synchronism.
synchronism (n.): 1580s, "quality of being synchronous," from Modern Latin synchronismus, from Greek synkhronismos, from synkhronos (see synchronous). Meaning "recurring at the same successive instants of time" is from 1854.
synchronization (n.): 1828, noun of action or state from synchronize.
synchronize (v.): 1620s, "to occur at the same time," from Greek synkhronizein "be of the same time," from synkhronos "happening at the same time" (see synchronous). The transitive sense of "make synchronous" is first recorded 1806. Of timepieces by 1879. Related: Synchronized; synchronizing. Synchronized swimming is recorded from 1950.
synchronous (adj.): 1660s, "existing or happening at the same time," from Late Latin synchronus "simultaneous," from Greek synkhronos "happening at the same time," from syn- "together" (see syn-) + khronos "time" (see chrono-). Meaning "recurring at the same successive instants of time" is attested from 1670s. Related: Synchronously.
synchrony (n.): "occurrence or existence at the same time," 1848, from Greek synkhronos (see synchronous) + -y (2).