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sword [sword 词源字典]: sword: [OE] Sword comes from a prehistoric Germanic *swertham, which also produced German schwert, Dutch zwaard, Swedish svärd, and Danish sværd. It is not known what its ultimate source was, although it has been speculated that it may have links with Old High German swerdo ‘pain’ – in which case its etymological meaning would be the ‘stinger, causer of pain’.
[sword etymology, sword origin, 英语词源]
swot: swot: see sweat
broadsword (n.): Old English brad swurd, from broad (adj.) + sword.
crossword (adj.): January 1914, from cross (adj.) + word (n.). The first one ran in the "New York World" newspaper Dec. 21, 1913, but was called word-cross.
crossword (n.): 1925, short for crossword puzzle (q.v.).
forsworn (adj.): from Old English forsworen, "perjured," past participle of forswerian "to swear falsely" (see forswear).
hornswoggle (v.): "to cheat," 1829, probably a fanciful formation. Related: Hornswoggled; hornswoggling.
newsworthy (adj.): 1932, from news + worthy.
password (n.): "word appointed as a sign to distinguish friend from foe," 1798, from pass (v.) + word (n.).
saleswoman (n.): 1704, from genitive of sale + woman.
swollen (adj.): early 14c., past participle adjective from strong conjugation of swell (v.); from Old English geswollen, past participle of swellan.
swoon (n.): c. 1300, suowne, suun, "state of unconsciousness," probably from Old English geswogen "in a faint," past participle of a lost verb *swogan (see swoon (v.)).
swoon (v.): c. 1200, "to become unconscious," probably from a lost Old English verb *swogan (as in Old English aswogan "to choke"), of uncertain origin. Compare Low German swogen "to sigh." Related: Swooned; swooning.
swoop (v.): 1560s, "to move or walk in a stately manner," apparently from a dialectal survival of Old English swapan "to sweep, brandish, dash," from Proto-Germanic *swaip-, from PIE root *swei- (2) "to bend, turn" (see swivel (n.)). Meaning "pounce upon with a sweeping movement" first recorded 1630s (see swoop (n.)). Spelling with -oo- may have been influenced by Scottish and northern England dialectal soop "to sweep," from Old Norse sopa "to sweep." Related: Swooped; swooping.
swoop (n.): 1540s, "a blow, stroke," from swoop (v.). Meaning "the sudden pouncing of a rapacious bird on its prey" is 1605, from Shakespeare:
Oh, Hell-Kite! All? What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Damme, At one fell swoope? ["Macbeth," IV.iii.219]
swoosh (n.): 1860, sound made by something (originally a fishing rod during a cast) moving rapidly through the air; imitative. As a verb from 1867. The Nike corporate logo so called from 1989.
sword (n.): Old English sweord, swyrd (West Saxon), sword (Northumbrian) "sword," from Proto-Germanic *swerdam (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Frisian swerd, Old Norse sverð, Swedish svärd, Middle Dutch swaert, Dutch zwaard, Old High German swert, German Schwert "a sword"), related to Old High German sweran "to hurt," from *swertha-, literally "the cutting weapon," from PIE root *swer- (3) "to cut, pierce."

Contrast with plowshare is from the Old Testament (Isaiah ii:4, Micah iv:3). Phrase put (originally do) to the sword "kill, slaughter" is recorded from mid-14c. An older Germanic word for it is in Old Saxon heoru, Gothic hairus "a sword."
sword-belt (n.): early 14c., from sword + belt (n.). Old English had sweordfætels "sword-belt."
swordfish (n.): late 15c., swerdfysche (in a recipe), from sword + fish (n.). So called for its elongated upper jaw.
swordplay (n.): also sword-play, Old English sweordplege; see sword + play (n.).
swordsman (n.): 1670s, from sword + genitive -s- + man (n.). Earlier was swordman (late 14c.); Old English had sweordfreca in the same sense. Related: Swordsmanship (1765).
sworn: past participle of swear; sworn enemies, those who have taken a vow of mutual hatred, is from c. 1600.
jobsworth: "An official who upholds petty rules even at the expense of humanity or common sense", 1970s: from ‘it's more than my job's worth (not) to’.
spokeswoman: "A woman who makes statements on behalf of a group or individual", Mid 17th century: from spoke² + woman, after spokesman.