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president [president 词源字典]: president: [14] A president is etymologically simply someone who ‘presides’. The word comes via Old French president from Latin praesidēns, the present participle of praesidēre ‘superintend’ (it literally meant ‘sit in front of’ – it was formed from the prefix prae- ‘before’ and sedēre ‘sit’ – and it has given English preside [17]). Another Latin derivative was the noun praesidium ‘garrison, fortification’, which English has acquired via Russian prezídium as presidium [20].
=> preside, presidium, sit[president etymology, president origin, 英语词源]
reside: reside: [15] The -side of reside has no connection with English side. It comes from Latin sedēre ‘settle’ (source of English sedentary, session, etc and related to sit). Combination with the prefix re- ‘back’ produced residēre ‘settle back, remain in place, rest’, which passed into English via its present participle as resident ‘settling permanently in a place’ [14]. Reside is either a back-formation from this or a borrowing from French résider.

The past participle of residēre was residuus, whose neuter form residuum was used as a noun meaning ‘that which settles back’, hence ‘that which is left behind’. It passed into English via Old French as residue [14].
=> residue, sedentary, session, sit
fireside (n.): also fire-side, 1560s, from fire (n.) + side (n.). Symbolic of home life by 1848. As an adjective from 1740s; especially suggesting the intimately domestic.
non-residence (n.): also nonresidence, late 14c., originally with reference to clergy, from non- + residence. Related: Non-residency.
non-resident (n.): also nonresident, early 15c., from non- + resident.
preside (v.): 1610s, from French présider "preside over, govern" (15c.), from Latin praesidere "stand guard; superintend," literally "sit in front of," from prae "before" (see pre-) + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary).
presidence (n.): "action of presiding," 1590s, from French présidence (14c.), from Medieval Latin praesidentia (see presidency).
presidency (n.): 1590s, "office of a president," from Medieval Latin praesidentia "office of a president" (mid-13c.), from Latin praesidentem (nominative praesidens) "president, governor" (see president). Earlier in same sense was presidentship (1520s). Meaning "a president's term in office" is from 1610s.
president (n.): late 14c., "appointed governor of a province; chosen leader of a body of persons," from Old French president and directly from Latin praesidentum (nominative praesidens) "president, governor," noun use of present participle of praesidere "to act as head or chief" (see preside).

In Middle English of heads of religious houses, hospitals, colleges and universities. First use for "chief executive officer of a republic" is in U.S. Constitution (1787), from earlier American use for "officer in charge of the Continental Congress" (1774), a sense derived from that of "chosen head of a meeting or group of persons," which is from Middle English. It had been used of chief officers of banks from 1781, of individual colonies since 1608 (originally Virginia) and heads of colleges since mid-15c. Slang shortening prez is recorded from 1883. Fem. form presidentess is attested from 1763.
presidential (adj.): c. 1600, "pertaining to a president," from Medieval Latin praesidentialis, from praesidentia "office of a president" (see presidency). Related: Presidentially.
presidio (n.): 1808, American English, from Spanish presidio "fort, settlement," from Latin praesidium "defense, protection," from praesidere "to sit before, protect" (see preside).
Presidium (n.): permanent administrative committee of the U.S.S.R., 1924, from Russian prezidium, from Latin praesidium "a presiding over, defense," from praesidere (see preside).
reside (v.): late 15c., "to settle," from Middle French resider (15c.) and directly from Latin residere "sit down, settle; remain behind, rest, linger; be left," from re- "back, again" (see re-) + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary). Meaning "to dwell permanently" first attested 1570s. Related: Resided; residing. Also from the French word are Dutch resideren, German residiren.
residence (n.): late 14c., "act of dwelling; dwelling place," from Old French residence, from Medieval Latin residentia, from Latin residentem (nominative residens) "residing, dwelling," present participle of residere "reside" (see reside). Also borrowed into German (Residenz), Dutch (residentie).
residency (n.): 1570s, "residence;" see resident + -cy. Hospital sense is from 1924.
resident (n.): mid-15c., "an inhabitant, one who resides," from resident (adj.). Meaning "medical graduate in practice in a hospital as training" first attested 1892, American English.
resident (adj.): late 14c., "dwelling, residing," from Old French resident and directly from Latin residentem (nominative residens), present participle of residere "to sit down, settle" (see reside).
residential (adj.): 1650s, "serving as a residence," from resident (n.) + -ial. Meaning "having to do with housing" is from 1856.
residual (adj.): 1560s, from residue + -al (1), or from French résiduel, from Latin residuum.
residual (n.): 1550s, in mathematics, from residual (adj.) or from residue + -al (2). Residuals "royalties" attested by 1960.
residue (n.): mid-14c., from Old French residu (14c.), from Latin residuum "a remainder, that which is left behind," noun use of neuter of adjective residuus "remaining, left over," from residere "remain behind" (see reside).
vice-president (n.): also vice president, 1570s, "one who acts as a deputy for a president," from vice- + president. Made into an official rank and given a different meaning (vice = "next in rank to") in the U.S. Constitution (1787).
There seems to be no doubt of my election as V[ice] Pres[iden]t. It will have at least one advantage, that of permitting me to devote more of my time to my private affairs. [John C. Calhoun, letter to wife, Nov. 12, 1824]
Related: vice presidential; vice presidency.
residuum: "A chemical residue", Late 17th century: from Latin, neuter of residuus 'remaining', from the verb residere.