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reason [reason 词源字典]: reason: [13] Reason, together with rational, represent in English the ‘thinking’ aspects of the Latin verb rērī (it also meant ‘calculate’, and in that guise has given English rate, ration, etc). From it was derived the noun ratiō ‘thinking, calculation’ (source of English ratio and the rest). This spawned a Vulgar Latin variant *ratiōne, which passed into Old French as reisun – whence English reason.
=> rate, ratio, ration[reason etymology, reason origin, 英语词源]
treason: treason: [13] Treason and tradition are doublets – they have a common source. This was Latin trāditiō, a derivative of trādere ‘hand over, deliver’ (source also of English traitor). The notion of ‘handing something on to someone else’ lies behind tradition, but treason (acquired via Anglo-Norman treisoun) gets its meaning from the metaphorically extended Latin sense ‘hand over treacherously, betray’.
=> betray, tradition, traitor
reason (n.): c. 1200, "intellectual faculty that adopts actions to ends," also "statement in an argument, statement of explanation or justification," from Anglo-French resoun, Old French raison "course; matter; subject; language, speech; thought, opinion," from Latin rationem (nominative ratio) "reckoning, understanding, motive, cause," from ratus, past participle of reri "to reckon, think," from PIE root *re(i)- "to reason, count" (source of Old English rædan "to advise;" see read (v.)).

Meaning "sanity; degree of intelligence that distinguishes men from brutes" is recorded from late 13c. Sense of "grounds for action, motive, cause of an event" is from c. 1300. Middle English sense of "meaning, signification" (early 14c.) is in the phrase rhyme or reason. Phrase it stands to reason is from 1630s. Age of Reason "the Enlightenment" is first recorded 1794, as the title of Tom Paine's book.
reason (v.): early 14c., resunmen, "to question (someone)," also "to challenge," from Old French raisoner "speak, discuss; argue; address; speak to," from Late Latin rationare "to discourse," from ratio (see reason (n.)). Intransitive sense of "to think in a logical manner" is from 1590s; transitive sense of "employ reasoning (with someone)" is from 1847. Related: Reasoned; reasoning.
reasonable (adj.): c. 1300, "having sound judgment, sane, rational," from Old French raisonable, from Latin rationabilis, from ratio (see reason (n.)).
What the majority of people consider to be 'reasonable' is that about which there is agreement, if not among all, at least among a substantial number of people; 'reasonable' for most people, has nothing to do with reason, but with consensus. [Erich Fromm, "The Heart of Man," 1968]
Meaning "moderate in price" is recorded from 1660s. Related: Reasonably.
reasoning (n.): late 14c., "exercise of the power of reason; act or process of thinking logically;" also "an instance of this;" verbal noun from reason (v.).
treason (n.): c. 1200, "betraying; betrayal of trust; breech of faith," from Anglo-French treson, from Old French traison "treason, treachery" (11c.; Modern French trahison), from Latin traditionem (nominative traditio) "a handing over, delivery, surrender" (see tradition). Old French form influenced by the verb trair "betray." In old English law, high treason is violation by a subject of his allegiance to his sovereign or to the state; distinguished from petit treason, treason against a subject, such as murder of a master by his servant. Constructive treason was a judicial fiction whereby actions carried out without treasonable intent, but found to have the effect of treason, were punished as though they were treason itself. The protection against this accounts for the careful wording of the definition of treason in the U.S. Constitution.
treasonable (adj.): "of or pertaining to treason," late 14c., from treason + -able. Related: Treasonably.
treasonous (adj.): mid-15c., from treason + -ous. Related: Treasonously.
unreason (n.): c. 1300, "injustice;" 1827, "absense of reason," from un- (1) "not" + reason (n.).
unreasonable (adj.): mid-14c., "irrational, illogical," from un- (1) "not" + reasonable. From late 14c. as "excessive, going beyond what is sensible or realistic." Related: Unreasonably; unreasonableness.