budyoudaoicibaDictYouDict[bud 词源字典]
bud: [14] Bud is something of a mystery word. It appears in the late 14th century, with no apparent English ancestors. Various suggestions have been put forward as to its origin, including Old French boter ‘push forward, thrust’ (a distant relative of English button). Similarities have also been noted to Old English budd ‘beetle’ and Sanskrit bhūri ‘abundant’. But the question remains open. The American colloquial form of address bud is short for buddy [19], probably itself an alteration of brother.
[bud etymology, bud origin, 英语词源]
shoveyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
shove: [OE] Shove was originally a perfectly respectable, neutral verb for ‘push forcefully, thrust’, but over the centuries it has come down in the world, acquiring connotations of rudeness. In common with German schieben and Dutch schuiven it goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *skeuban. This was formed from a base which also produced English scuffle [16], sheaf [OE], shuffle [16], and indeed shovel [OE] (etymologically an ‘implement for shoving’), and may be distantly related to Lithuanian skubus ‘quick’ and Old Church Slavonic skubati ‘pull’.
=> scuffle, sheaf, shovel, shuffle
bud (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
late 14c., budde, origin unknown, perhaps from Old French boter "push forward, thrust," itself a Germanic word (compare Dutch bot "bud," Old Saxon budil "bag, purse," German Beutel), or perhaps from Old English budd "beetle."
forward (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1590s, "to help push forward," from forward (adv.). Meaning "to send (a letter, etc.) on to another destination" is from 1757; later of e-mail. Related: Forwarded; forwarding.
propel (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
mid-15c., "to drive away, expel," from Latin propellere "push forward, drive forward, drive forth; move, impel," from pro- "forward" (see pro-) + pellere "to push, drive" (see pulse (n.1)). Meaning "to drive onward, cause to move forward" is from 1650s. Related: Propelled; propelling.
urge (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1550s, from Latin urgere "to press hard, push forward, force, drive, compel, stimulate," from PIE root *wreg- "to push, shove, drive" (cognates: Lithuanian verziu "tie, fasten, squeeze," vargas "need, distress," vergas "slave;" Old Church Slavonic vragu "enemy;" Gothic wrikan "persecute," Old English wrecan "drive, hunt, pursue"). Related: Urged; urging.