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present: present: [13] The Latin adjective praesēns ‘at hand, now here’ originated as the present participle of praeesse ‘be before one’, a compound verb formed from the prefix prae- ‘in front’ and esse ‘be’. English acquired it via Old French present, the same route as was taken by its derivative praesentia on its way to English presence [14]. The use of the related noun present for ‘gift’ originated in Old French in the concept of ‘bringing something into someone’s presence’, and hence of giving it to them. The verb present [13] comes from the Latin derivative praesentāre.
preserve: preserve: [14] The -serve of preserve comes from Latin servāre ‘keep safe’ (no relation to servīre ‘serve’, but source also of English conserve, observe, and reserve). Combination with prae- ‘before’ produced medieval Latin praeservāre ‘guard beforehand, take steps to ward off possible harm’, which reached English via Old French preserver.
=> conserve, observe, reserve
represent: represent: [14] English borrowed represent from Latin repraesentāre, which meant ‘present again, bring back’, hence ‘show’. It was a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back, again’ and praesentāre, source of English present. The notion of ‘standing in the place of another’ is a post-classical development.
=> present
misrepresent (v.): 1640s, from mis- (1) + represent. Related: Misrepresented; misrepresenting.
misrepresentation (n.): 1640s, from mis- (1) + representation.
omnipresence (n.): c. 1600, from Medieval Latin omnipraesentia, from omnipraesens, from Latin omnis "all, every" (see omni-) + praesens "present" (see present (adj.)).
omnipresent (adj.): c. 1600, from Medieval Latin omnipraesentem (nominative omnipraesens); see omnipresence. Related: Omnipresently.
preselect (v.): also pre-select, 1856, from pre- + select (v.). Related: Preselected; preselecting.
preselection (n.): also pre-selection, 1882, from pre- + selection.
presence (n.): mid-14c., "fact of being present," from Old French presence (12c., Modern French présence), from Latin praesentia "a being present," from praesentem (see present (n.)). Meaning "carriage, demeanor, aspect" (especially if impressive) is from 1570s; that of "divine, spiritual, or incorporeal being felt as present" is from 1660s. Presence of mind (1660s) is a loan-translation of French présence d'esprit, Latin praesentia animi.
present (adj.): c. 1300, "existing at the time," from Old French present "evident, at hand, within reach;" as a noun, "the present time" (11c., Modern French présent) and directly from Latin praesentem (nominative praesens) "present, at hand, in sight; immediate; prompt, instant; contemporary," from present participle of præesse "be before (someone or something), be at hand," from prae- "before" (see pre-) + esse "to be" (see essence). Meaning "being there" is from mid-14c. in English. As a grammatical tense, recorded from late 14c.
present (v.): c. 1300, "introduce (someone or something) formally or ceremonially;" also "make a formal presentation of; give as a gift or award; bestow," from Old French presenter (11c., Modern French présenter) and directly from Latin praesentare "to place before, show, exhibit," from stem of praesens (see present (adj.)). From late 14c. as "exhibit (something), offer for inspection, display;" also, in law, "make a formal complaint or charge of wrongdoing." From c. 1400 as"represent, portray." Related: Presented; presenting.
present (n.1): "this point in time" (opposed to past and future), c. 1300, "the present time," also "act or fact of being present; portion of space around someone," from Old French present (n.) from Latin praesens "being there" (see present (adj.)). In old legalese, these presents means "these documents."
present (n.2): c. 1200, "thing offered, what is offered or given as a gift," from Old French present and Medieval Latin presentia, from phrases such as French en present "(to offer) in the presence of," mettre en present "place before, give," from Late Latin inpraesent "face to face," from Latin in re praesenti "in the situation in question," from praesens "being there" (see present (adj.)), on the notion of "bringing something into someone's presence."
present-day: 1870, from present (adj.) + day.
presentable (adj.): mid-15c., of a benefice; also, in law, "liable to formal charge of wrongdoing," from present (v.) + -able. Meaning "suitable in appearance" is from 1800. Related: Presentably.
presentation (n.): late 14c., "act of presenting," from Old French presentacion (13c.), from Latin praesentationem (nominative praesentatio) "a placing before," noun of action from past participle stem of praesentare (see present (v.)). Meaning "that which is offered or presented" is mid-15c.; that of "a theatrical or other representation" is recorded from c. 1600. Related: Presentational.
presenter (n.): 1540s, "one who presents" (a position, degree, etc.), agent noun from present (v.); meaning "host of a radio or television program" is from 1967.
presentiment (n.): 1714, from obsolete French presentiment (Modern French Related: pressentiment), from Middle French pressentir "to have foreboding," from Latin praesentire "to sense beforehand," from prae "before" (see pre-) + sentire "perceive, feel" (see sense (n.)).
presently (adv.): late 14c., "immediately, at this time," from present (adj.) + -ly (2). By 1560s it had relaxed into "sooner or later."
presentment (n.): "act of presenting," c. 1300, from Old French presentement "presentation (of a person) at a ceremony" (12c.), from presenter (see present (v.)).
preservation (n.): early 15c., preservacioun "protection from disease," from Old French preservacion (13c.), from Medieval Latin preservationem (nominative preservatio), noun of action from past participle stem of preservare (see preserve (v.)).
preservationist (n.): "advocate of protecting existing things," 1905, from preservation + -ist; specifically of historic buildings by 1957.
preservative (adj.): late 14c., from Old French preservatif and directly from Medieval Latin praeservativus, from stem of praeservare (see preserve (v.)). The noun is from early 15c., "a preservative medication;" sense of "chemical added to foods to keep them from rotting" is from 1875.
preserve (v.): late 14c., "keep safe," from Anglo-French preservare, Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin preservare "keep, preserve," from Late Latin praeservare "guard beforehand," from Latin prae "before" (see pre-) + servare "to keep safe" (see observe). As a treatment of fruit, etc., 1570s; of organic bodies from 1610s. Related: Preserved; preserving.
preserve (n.): "fruit preserved with sugar," c. 1600, from preserve (v.). Earlier it meant "a preservative" (1550s). Sense of "protected place for animals or plants" (a sense more properly belonging to conserve) is from 1807.
preset: also pre-set, 1934 (adj.); 1946 (v.); from pre- + set (v.).
re-present (v.): "to offer again," 1560s, from re- + present (v.). Related: Re-presented; re-presenting; re-presentation.
re-presentation (n.): "a presenting again," 1805, from re- + presentation.
represent (v.): late 14c., "to bring to mind by description," also "to symbolize, serve as a sign or symbol of; serve as the type or embodiment of;" from Old French representer "present, show, portray" (12c.), from Latin repraesentare "make present, set in view, show, exhibit, display," from re-, intensive prefix (see re-), + praesentare "to present," literally "to place before" (see present (v.)). Legislative sense is attested from 1650s. Related: Represented; representing.
representation (n.): c. 1400, "image, likeness," from Old French representacion (14c.) and directly from Latin representationem (nominative representatio), noun of action from past participle stem of repraesentare (see represent). Meaning "statement made in regard to some matter" is from 1670s. Legislative sense first attested 1769.
representational (adj.): 1855, from representation + -al (1). Specifically of visual arts from 1923. Related: Representationally.
representative (adj.): "serving to represent," late 14c., from Old French representatif (early 14c.), from Medieval Latin repraesentativus, from stem of Latin repraesentare (see represent). Meaning "standing for others" is from 1620s; in the political sense of "holding the place of the people in the government, having citizens represented by chosen persons" is first recorded 1620s. Meaning "pertaining to or founded on representation of the people" is from 1640s.
representative (n.): 1640s, "example, type," from representative (adj.); 1690s in sense of "member of a legislative body."
self-preservation (n.): 1610s, from self- + preservation. First attested in Donne.
unpresentable (adj.): 1828, from un- (1) "not" + presentable (adj.).