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participle [participle 词源字典]: participle: [14] The etymological notion underlying participle is of a word that shares or ‘partakes’ of the dual nature of an adjective and a noun. It comes via Old French participle from Latin participium, a derivative of particeps ‘partaker’ (the usage was a direct translation of Greek metokhé ‘sharer, partaker’, which was likewise used as a grammatical term for ‘participle’). Particeps (based on a variant of Latin capere ‘take’, source of English capture) also spawned the verb participāre ‘take part’, from which English gets participate [16].
=> part, participate[participle etymology, participle origin, 英语词源]
particle: particle: see parcel
particular: particular: [14] Latin particula (source of English parcel and particle) was a diminutive form of pars ‘part’, and denoted ‘small part’. From it was derived the adjective particulāris, which denoted ‘concerned with small parts, or details’ (as opposed to ‘concerned with wider aspects of a matter’). English acquired it via Old French particuler.
=> part, particle
partisan: partisan: [16] Etymologically, a partisan is someone who takes a ‘part’ – in the sense ‘side’ or ‘cause’. The word comes via French partisan from partisano, a dialect form of mainstream Italian partigiano, which was based on parte ‘part’.
=> part
bipartisan (adj.): also bi-partisan, 1894, from bi- + partisan.
bipartisanship (n.): also bi-partisanship, 1895, from bipartisan + -ship.
bipartite (adj.): 1570s, from Latin bipartitus "divided," past participle of bipartire "to divide into two parts," from bi- (see bi-) + partitus, past participle of partiri "to divide" (see part (v.)).
impartial (adj.): formed in English 1590s from assimilated form of in- (1) "not, opposite of" + partial. First recorded in "Richard II."
impartiality (n.): 1610s; see impartial + -ity.
multipartite (adj.): also multi-partite, 1721, from Latin multipartitus "divided into many parts," from multi- (see multi-) + partitus, past participle of partire "to divide" (see partition).
non-partisan (adj.): also nonpartisan, 1872, American English, from non- + partisan.
FIRST POLITICIAN: Who's backing this non-partisan candidate?
SECOND POLITICIAN: The non-partisan party.
["Life," Sept. 29, 1927]
As a noun from 1888.
parti-: "in two ways," word-forming element extracted late 16c. from parti-colored.
parti-colored (adj.): 1530s, from party "divided," from French parti, past participle of partir "to divide" (see part (v.)). The noun parti itself occurs in the sense "parti-colored" from late 14c.
partial (adj.): early 15c., "one-sided, biased," from Old French parcial (14c., Modern French partial), from Medieval Latin partialis "divisible, solitary, partial," from Latin pars (genitive partis) "part" (see part (n.)). Sense of "not whole, incomplete" is attested from late 14c. Related: Partially (mid-15c. as "incompletely").
partiality (n.): "one-sidedness," early 15c., from Middle French parcialité, from Medieval Latin partialitatem (nominative partialitas), from partialis (see partial).
partialness (n.): "incompleteness," 1701, from partial + -ness.
participant (adj.): 1540s, from Latin participantem (nominative participans), present participle of participare "to share in, partake of," from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation).
participant (n.): 1560s, from Middle French participant, from Latin participantem (nominative participans), present participle of participare "to share in, partake of" from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation).
participate (v.): 1530s, back-formation from participation, or else from Latin participatus, past participle of participare "to share, share in, participate in; to impart," from particeps "partaking, sharing," from parti, past participle of partir "to divide" (see part (n.)) + -cip-, weak form of stem of capere "to take" (see capable). Related: Participated; participating.
participation (n.): late 14c., from Old French participacion (13c.) and directly from Late Latin participationem (nominative participatio) "partaking," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin participare "participate in, share in, partake of; to make partaker, to share, impart," from particeps (genitive participis) "partaker, comrade, fellow soldier," also, as an adjective, "sharing, partaking," from pars (genitive partis) "part" (see part (n.)) + -cip-, weak form of stem of capere "to take" (see capable).
participative (adj.): 1650s, from participate + -ive.
participatory (adj.): 1833, from participate + -ory. Participatory democracy attested from 1965, a term from student protests.
participial (adj.): 1590s, from Middle French participial and directly from Latin participialis, from participium (see participle). As a noun from 1560s.
participle (n.): late 14c., "a noun-adjective," from Old French participle (13c.), variant of participe, from Latin participium, literally "a sharing, partaking," from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation). In grammatical sense, the Latin translates Greek metokhe "sharer, partaker," and the notion is of a word "partaking" of the nature of both a noun and an adjective.
particle (n.): late 14c., "small part or division of a whole, minute portion of matter," from Latin particula "little bit or part, grain, jot," diminutive of pars (genitive partis) "part;" see part (n.). Particle physics attested from 1969. In construction, particle board (1957) is so called because it is made from chips and shavings of wood.
particular (adj.): late 14c., "pertaining to a single thing or person," from Old French particuler (14c., Modern French particulier) and directly from Late Latin particularis "of a part, concerning a small part," from Latin particula "particle" (see particle). Sense of "precise, exacting" first recorded 1814.
particular (n.): "a part or section of a whole," late 14c., from particular (adj.). Particulars "small details of statement" is from c. 1600.
particularity (n.): 1520s, from Middle French particularité, from Late Latin particularitatem (nominative particularitas), from Latin particularis (see particular).
particularize (v.): 1580s, from particular + -ize. Related: Particularized; particularizing.
particularly (adv.): "in a special degree, more than others," 1670s, from particular (adj.) + -ly (2).
particulate (adj.): 1871, from Modern Latin particulatus, from particula (see particle). As a noun from 1960. Related: Particulates.
parting (n.): "action of going away," c. 1300, verbal noun from part (v.). As "separation of persons," early 14c.
partisan (n.): also partizan, 1550s, "one who takes part with another, zealous supporter," from Middle French partisan (15c.), from dialectal upper Italian partezan (Tuscan partigiano) "member of a faction, partner," from parte "part, party," from Latin partem (nominative pars), see part (n.). Sense of "guerilla fighter" is first recorded 1690s.
partisan (adj.): 1708 for warfare, 1842 for politics, from partisan (n.).
partisanship (n.): 1831, from partisan + -ship.
partition (n.): early 15c., "division into shares, distinction," from Old French particion (12c.), from Latin partitionem (nominative partitio) "a sharing, division, partition, distribution; method of dividing," from past participle stem of partire "to part" (see part (v.)). Sense of "that which separates" first recorded late 15c.
partition (v.): 1741, from partition (n.). Related: Partitioned; partitioning.
partitive (adj.): late 14c., "having the quality of dividing into parts," from Late Latin partitivus, from Latin partitus, past participle of partire "to divide" (see part (v.)).
quadripartite (adj.): early 15c., from Latin quadripartitus, from quadri- "four" (see quadri-) + partitus, past participle of partiri "to divide" (see part (v.)).
tripartite (adj.): "divided in three," early 15c., from Latin tripartitus "divided into three parts," from tri- "three" (see three) + partitus, past participle of partiri "to divide" (see part (v.)).
sexpartite: "Divided or involving division into six parts", Mid 18th century: from sexi- 'six' + partite, on the pattern of words such as bipartite.