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orthodox: orthodox: [16] Greek orthós meant ‘straight, correct’ (it enters into numerous English compounds, including orthography ‘correct spelling’ [15] and orthopaedic [19]). Greek dóxa meant ‘opinion’; it was derived from the verb dokein ‘think’. Put them together and you got orthódoxos ‘having the right opinion’, which passed into English via ecclesiastical Latin orthodoxus.
porthole: porthole: see port
ortho-: before vowels orth-, word-forming element meaning "straight, upright, rectangular, regular; true, correct, proper," now mostly in scientific and technical compounds, from Greek ortho-, stem of orthos "straight, true, correct, regular," from PIE *eredh- "high" (cognates: Sanskrit urdhvah "high, lofty, steep," Latin arduus "high, steep," Old Irish ard "high").
orthodontia (n.): 1849, from ortho- + Greek odon (genitive odontos) "tooth" (see tooth) + abstract noun ending -ia.
orthodontics (n.): 1909, from Modern Latin orthodontia + -ics.
orthodontist (n.): 1903; see orthodontia + -ist.
orthodox (adj.): mid-15c., of opinions, faith, from Late Latin orthodoxus, from Greek orthodoxos "having the right opinion," from orthos "right, true, straight" (see ortho-) + doxa "opinion, praise," from dokein "to seem," from PIE root *dek- "to take, accept" (see decent). As the name of the Eastern Church, first recorded in English 1772; in reference to a branch of Judaism, first recorded 1853.
orthodoxy (n.): 1620s, from French orthodoxie and directly from Late Latin orthodoxia, from late Greek orthodoxia "right opinion," noun of quality from orthodoxos (see orthodox).
orthogonal (adj.): 1570s, from French orthogonal, from orthogone, from Late Latin orthogonius, from Greek orthogonios "right-angled," from ortho- "straight" (see ortho-) + gonia "angle" (see -gon). Related: Orthogonally.
orthographic (adj.): 1660s, from orthography + -ic. Related: Orthographically.
orthography (n.): "correct or proper spelling," mid-15c., ortographie, from Middle French orthographie (Old French ortografie, 13c.), from Latin orthographia, from Greek orthographia "correct writing," from orthos "correct" (see ortho-) + root of graphein "to write" (see -graphy). Related: Orthographer.
orthopaedics (n.): chiefly British English spelling of orthopedics; for spelling, see pedo-. Related: Orthopaedic.
orthopedic (adj.): 1840, from French orthopédique, from orthopédie, coined by French physician Nicholas Andry (1658-1742), from Greek orthos "straight, correct" (see ortho-) + paideia "rearing of children," from pais (genitive paidos) "child" (see pedo-).
orthopedics (n.): 1853, from orthopedic. Also see -ics.
orthopedist (n.): 1853, from orthopedy (1840), from French orthopédie (18c.); see orthopedic + -ist.
orthopraxy (n.): 1840, from ortho- + Greek praxis "a doing, action, performance" (see praxis).
Errata -- Page 263, line 9 from bottom, for 'orthodoxy' read orthopraxy. This is a new coin from the mint of Dr. [Andrew] Wylie [of Bloomington College, Indiana], at least I have not before noticed it. Its etymology places it in a just contrast with orthodoxy: for if that consecrated word indicates thinking right, orthopraxy will legitimately import doing right, and hence, as Mr. Wylie says, orthopraxy in the last dread day will pass the divine ordeal incomparably better than orthodoxy. O! that a zeal for orthopraxy would transcend the zeal for orthodoxy! ["The Millennial Harbinger," vol. IV, no. VIII, Bethany, Va., August 1840]
porthole (n.): also port-hole, 1590s, from port (n.2) + hole (n.).
unorthodox (adj.): 1650s, from un- (1) "not" + orthodox (adj.).
unorthodoxy (n.): 1704, from unorthodox + -y (4).
orthosis: "A brace, splint, or other artificial external device serving to support the limbs or spine or to prevent or assist relative movement", 1950s: from Greek orthōsis 'making straight', from orthoun 'set straight'.
orthoptics: "The study or treatment of irregularities of the eyes, especially those of the eye muscles that prevent normal binocular vision", Late 19th century: from ortho- 'correct' + Greek optikos (see optic).
orthocentre: "The point of intersection of the three perpendiculars drawn from the vertices of a triangle to the opposite sides", Mid 19th cent. From ortho- + centre.
orthopantomography: "A modification of pantomography in which the X-ray beam is kept perpendicular to the jaws, producing a flat image of both jaws and their teeth", 1950s. From ortho- + pantomography. Compare orthopantomogram, orthopantomograph.
orthopantomogram: "A radiograph obtained by orthopantomography", 1950s. From ortho- + pantomogram. Compare orthopantomograph, orthopantomography.
orthopantomograph: "A trademark for: an instrument for performing orthopantomography", 1950s. From ortho- + pantomograph. Compare orthopantomogram, orthopantomography.